EP0972163B1

EP0972163B1 - Flame igniter

Info

Publication number: EP0972163B1
Application number: EP98908335A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Carl Henrick MÜLLER
Original assignee: Smitsvonk Holland BV
Current assignee: Smitsvonk Holland BV
Priority date: 1997-04-04
Filing date: 1998-03-06
Publication date: 2002-10-30
Anticipated expiration: 2018-03-06
Also published as: EP0972163A1; AU6639398A; NL1005736C2; DE69809037T2; WO1998045649A1; ES2186131T3; ATE227014T1; DE69809037D1

Abstract

Flame igniter with sliding spark discharge for igniting a combustion air - combustion gas mixture passing along an external surface of the flame igniter via an external sliding spark. The flame igniter comprises a first central electrode, and an insulator coaxially surrounding the central electrode. A metal housing coaxially surrounds the insulator, in which a forward end of the housing forms a second electrode. The second electrode is spaced from the forward end of the first electrode for defining a spark-gap situated on the outer surface of the flame igniter, where a part of the insulator is exposed. The flame igniter has an integrated flame gas supply, for instance a passage arranged in the metal housing or the first electrode which passage is connectable to a flame gas source.

Description

The present invention relates to a flame igniter with sliding spark discharge.

In the known flame igniter a high-powered external sliding spark ignition occurs in the spark-gap on the external surface of the flame igniter, between the two electrodes, the spark passing over the exposed, external part of the surface of the insulator thus igniting the combustion air-combustion gas mixture passing around the flame igniter, in which an ignition gas, hereafter called the flame gas, is contained for obtaining a correct ignition. The spark discharge of the high-powered type is generated by an ignition system containing a capacitor, which is charged to a voltage that is sufficient to cause the spark ignition.

One of the disadvantages of a suchlike flame ignition is the erosion of the electrode, as a result of which the voltages needed for generating the spark discharge would have to be larger and larger in the course of the life span of the flame igniter. The flame igniter therefore has a relatively short live span. A further disadvantage is that the diameters of suchlike flame igniters, especially when used as industrial gas igniters for high output, are relatively large and that for various combustion air - combustion gas mixtures different igniters are needed.

It is an object of the invention to provide a flame igniter with a reliable ignition, a long life-span, which has relatively small dimensions and can be used with different combustion air - combustion gas mixtures.

For this purpose, the invention provides a flame igniter comprising the features of claim 1. The invention is based on the insight that the problems with known flame igniters with external sliding spark discharge occur substantially because the sliding spark ignition should ignite the combustion air - combustion gas mixture flowing past the igniter. By now making a passage in the flame igniter, in accordance with the invention, the flame gas to be ignited can be partially or entirely led through this passage and flow to the spark-gap. This flame gas portion can apparently be reproducibly ignited in a simple manner at a low output by the sliding spark discharge whilst forming a primary flame. Because of the relatively low output used, the electrode erosion is also relatively low, thus extending the life-span of the flame igniter. The primary flame is mixed with air from the combustion air - combustion gas mixture which flows past the flame igniter, so that a stable combustion occurs. The external sliding spark can reliably ignite the primary flame under extremely changeable gas/air conditions, as the sliding spark ignition always takes place on the boundary surface of flame gas and combustion air - combustion gas mixture. In addition, with the inventive flame igniter with external sliding spark discharge it is not necessary to mix the flame gas and the combustion air - combustion gas mixture before leading it to or about the flame igniter.

EP-A-0.093.642 discloses a flame igniter having an outer electrode completely surrounding an insulator and a central, inner electrode.

In an embodiment of the flame igniter with external sliding spark ignition according to the invention the passage is arranged in the metal housing. Alternatively, the passage is a through-going longitudinal central bore arranged in the first electrode, in which a backward end of the first electrode is connectable to the flame gas source. These inventive flame igniters can be applied among other things in lighting and pilot burners and industrial gas igniters for small output, smaller than 50 kW. For a larger output up to 500kW it is preferable if the flame igniter with external sliding spark discharge according to the invention is characterized in that the first electrode is provided with a through-going longitudinal central bore, and that the forward end of the first electrode is provided with at least one throughgoing radial auxiliary bore which discharges on the one hand in the central bore and on the other hand near the spark-gap, in which a backward end of the first electrode is connectable to the flame gas source. In this way a portion of the flame gas carried in the central bore flows via the auxiliary bore to the spark-gap. This flame gas portion can be reproducibly ignited in a simple manner at a relatively low output by the external sliding spark discharge whilst forming a primary flame. The primary flame is mixed with air from the combustion air - combustion gas mixture which flows past the flame igniter, as a result of which a stable combustion occurs, ensuring a reproducible ignition of the main flame gas flow emitting from the central bore.

The required combustion air is drawn in by the main flame gas flow, which creates underpressure on account of high exit speed. Because the main flame gas stream draws in the combustion air, the nozzle can be described as self-priming.

In a preferred embodiment of a flame igniter according to the invention, the flame gas portion flowing through the auxiliary bore is controllable in that the forward end of the central bore is internally provided with a thread, which extends from the forward end to beyond the exit of the auxiliary bore, and that a nozzle is screwed into the forward end of the central bore. By screwing the nozzle farther or less far past the exit of the auxiliary bore in the central bore, the flame gas flowing to the auxiliary bore should cover a longer or shorter route through the thread, whereby control of the quantity of flame gas that flows to the auxiliary bore is acquired.

Some embodiments of a flame igniter with external sliding spark discharge according to the invention will, by way of example, be described on the basis of the accompanying drawing, in which a flame igniter according to the invention is schematically shown in cross section.

In the figure a flame igniter with external sliding spark discharge for igniting a combustion air - combustion gas mixture passing along an external surface of the flame igniter via an external sliding spark is shown in cross section and placed in a housing tube 15. The flame igniter contains a first central electrode 1 with a forward end 4 that has an external surface forming part of the external surface of the flame igniter. An insulator 3, or an assembly of insulators, which coaxially surrounds the central electrode 1, has an exposed external surface 31 that is part of the external surface of the flame igniter. A metal housing 6 coaxially surrounds the insulator 3, or the assembly of insulators, a forward end of the housing 6 having an external surface that forms a second electrode 2 and a part of the external surface of the flame igniter. This second electrode 2 is spaced from a forward end 4 of the first electrode 1 for defining a spark-gap 5, where the external surface of the insulator 3 is exposed.

In this flame igniter a high-powered external spark discharge takes place in the spark-gap 5 between the two electrodes 1 and 2, the spark passing over the surface of the insulator 3, a so-called sliding spark discharge.

The central electrode 1 is for instance provided with a through-going longitudinal bore 7. The forward end 4 of the first electrode 1 is preferably provided with at least one through-going radial auxiliary bore 8. This auxiliary bore 8 discharges on the one hand in central bore 7 and on the other hand near spark-gap 5. A backward end 9 of the first electrode 1 is connectable to a flame gas source, so that flame gas 12 can flow through the central bore 7 and the auxiliary bore 8 through the flame igniter. The flame gas portion that flows out through the auxiliary bore 8 near the spark-gap 5 is ignited by the sliding spark discharge and thus forms a primary flame, which is located approximately in the area 13. A combustion air current 11 (possibly but not necessarily containing a gas mixture which can differ from the flame gas) is led through the casing tube 15 in which the flame igniter is positioned, this current flowing past and around the flame igniter, whereby the primary flame is mixed with air. The combustion air is drawn in by the main flame gas flow that flows at high speed out of the forward end 10, thus creating an underpressure. In this way a stable combustion of the primary flame is obtained, which reproducibly ignites the main flame gas portion flowing out of the forward end 10 of the central bore 7, whilst forming a main flame which is located approximately in the area 14.

It has been shown that the ignition of the primary flame is very reproducible and only requires a low output, the main flame being reliably ignited. With a small diameter the inventive flame igniter also appears to provide a relatively large ignition capacity and is applicable in various densities, differing pressures and different combustion air - combustion gas mixtures and kinds of flame gas, without the structure having to be adapted.

The number of auxiliary bores 8, their diameter, and the diameter of the central bore can be determined and adjusted to one another with the help of simple experiments so that a specified ratio of flame gas flowing through the auxiliary bores 8 and from the forward end 10 is obtained, providing a flame igniter with a specified capacity or with a particular igniting characteristic.

In a preferred embodiment of the flame igniter according to the invention the flame gas portion flowing through the auxiliary bore 8 is adjustable by providing the forward end 10 of the central bore 7 with an internal thread which extends to beyond the exit of the auxiliary bore 8. By screwing a nozzle further or less far in the forward end 10 of the central bore 7, beyond the exit of the auxiliary bore, the length of the path which the flame gas has to cover through the thread in order to reach into the auxiliary bore 8 is adjusted, thus providing control of the quantity of flame gas flowing into the auxiliary bore. Because the main flame gas flow draws in the combustion air - combustion gas mixture, the nozzle can be described as self-priming.

Contrary to the known flame igniters with external sliding spark discharge, in the flame igniter with external sliding spark discharge according to the present invention the flame gas supply is integrated in the flame igniter, thus forming a reproducible ignition. It is therefore not necessary to mix flame gas with the combustion air combustion gas mixture prior to leading the latter along the flame igniter. As opposed to the invention, combustion air - combustion gas mixture is first of all mixed with a flame gas in flame igniters with internal spark discharge, after which this mixture is added to the internal spark discharge. This prior mixing requires a considerably more complex flame igniter structure.

The inventive igniter can, among other things, be applied in lighting and pilot burners and industrial gas igniters with a capacity of 5 to 500 kW. Should a larger capacity be desired, a further gas can be introduced directly into the main flame. With smaller capacities, smaller that 50 kw, the main flame gas flow and the primary flame gas flow can be combined, it being possible to arrange a passage which discharges near the spark-gap into the metal housing or in the first electrode, which passage is connectable to a flame gas source. Other embodiments, in which the flame gas supply is integrated in another way in the flame igniter, have the same advantages, as long as at least part of the flame gas is led past the sliding spark-gap.

Claims

Flame igniter with sliding spark discharge for igniting a combustion air - combustion gas mixture passing along an external surface of the flame igniter via an external sliding spark, comprising a first central electrode (1) with a forward end (4) having an external surface forming part of the external surface of the flame igniter, an insulator (3) or an assembly of insulators coaxially surrounding the central electrode (1) and having an exposed external surface (31) which is a part of the external surface of the flame igniter, and a metal housing (6) coaxially surrounding the insulator (3) or assembly of insulators, in which a forward end of the housing (6) has an external surface forming a second electrode (2) and a part of the external surface of the flame igniter, which second electrode (2) is spaced from the forward end (4) of the first electrode (1) for defining a spark-gap (5) where the external surface of the insulator (3) or assembly of insulators is exposed, wherein the flame igniter is provided with a passage (7, 8) connectable to a flame gas source, which passage (7, 8) discharges near the spark-gap (5).
Flame igniter according to claim 1, characterized in that the passage (7, 8) is arranged in the metal housing (6).
Flame igniter according to claim 1, characterized in that the passage (7, 8) is a through-going longitudinal central bore (7) arranged in the first electrode (1), in which a backward end (9) of the first electrode (1) is connectable to the flame gas source.
Flame igniter according to claim 1, characterized in that the first electrode (1) is provided with a through-going longitudinal central bore (7), and that the forward end (4) of the first electrode (1) is provided with at least one through-going radial auxiliary bore (8) which discharges on the one hand in the central bore (7) and on the other hand near the spark-gap (5), in which a backward end (9) of the first electrode (1) is connectable to the flame gas source.
Flame igniter according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the forward end (10) of the central bore (7) is internally provided with a thread, which extends from the forward end (10) to beyond the exit of the auxiliary bore (8), and that a nozzle is screwed into the forward end (10) of the central bore (7).