EP0952260B1 - Concrete block system - Google Patents

Abstract

The outer walls (5) of the form block (1) have no connecting components, such as dovetail connections or similar, accommodating longitudinal and/or cross forces. At least in the lower area of the downwardly open block the block wall runs conically and has a widening of the stand surface of the form block. <??>The form block has an approximate quadratic basic cross-section, whereby the inclination of the corner area (4) of the side surfaces (5) has an arc angle (alpha) particularly of 22 degrees. The form block in its inclined corner areas has holes for receiving height-adjustable feet.

Description

The invention relates to a concrete block for landscape and Garden design according to the preamble of claim 1. The shaped concrete stone is particularly as a heavy slope stone designed and is mainly suitable for the construction of Retaining walls on embankments, as a vertical wall or as Individual troughs that allow planting. Here is the Molded stone intended for drywall construction, d. H. the Components are joined together without mortar or put together.

Bin such a component is for example from the BP 0 187 615 A1 became known. The components of this known kit have on their end faces Dovetail grooves or to fit in such Dovetail springs on these components directly connect with each other. This is a certain Stability of the structure even when stacked on top of one another given a positive connection. It is also not necessary, these components are particularly large and heavy to carry out, since the positive anchorages of the Form stones offer mutual support.

A similar solution of joining trough-like EP 0 215 994 B1 provides for shaped stones, with additional ones Wall elements with dovetail-shaped connection ends again a positive connection from not allow adjacent troughs. Here, too Stability of the system when building embankment walls or walls with overlying troughs positive anchoring elements.

As far as the well-known trough-shaped elements one down have open ground for filling with soil, the problem of safe occurs with these arrangements Stackability on what is staggered in particular Arrangement of the shaped stones to each other causes problems. Not last for this reason are known in these Arrangements additional form-fitting anchoring elements provided to prevent the troughs from tipping over Stacking one above the other, especially in a staggered arrangement to ensure each other. The shaped stones mainly offset from each other only in the direction of the slope arranged while a lateral offset against each other is avoided if possible.

Another problem with positive anchoring by means of dovetail connection or the like between the individual components is also that such heavy troughs only with mechanical lifting tools such as cranes or the like are to be moved. Do you want these elements interlock positively, so this represents a big problem, especially on uneven terrain represents, which not least often also damage the Connection elements leads.

EP 0 092 892 is a molded block according to the preamble of claim 1 known. This shaped stone points to his External walls have positive longitudinal and / or transverse forces receiving fasteners. In particular are Intermediate elements provided at their ends in Cross section circular connecting elements that form-fitting in corresponding grooves in the outer wall of the Intervene form stones. A disadvantage of such positive Anchoring is the joining together of such Slope elements, which due to the high weight only can be done with mechanical lifting tools. That too positive interlocking in particular provides uneven terrain is a big problem. Here it can be too Damage to the connecting wall.

The invention is based, a concrete block system propose which of trough-shaped Slope elements or from trough-shaped stand elements with associated connecting walls and in particular as heavy slope fastening or as a component for a vertical wall can be used, the connection between Molded stone and connecting wall make it easy to assemble Guaranteed components and damage, in particular also the connection between molded stone and connecting walls, avoids.

This object is solved by the features of claim 1. In the subclaims are advantageous and expedient Developments of the concrete-shaped block system according to the invention specified.

The invention is based on the main idea that No form-fitting anchoring in the constructed system, for example a slope wall, it makes it necessary that the concrete blocks, especially in Offset each other a correspondingly good contact surface form with each other. So that the concrete block does not go global acts, the elegant shape of the body is supposed to special shape can be achieved. This will be achieved by having a body with a square or rectangular plan in the corner areas clearly around Cuts 45 °, so that the shaped stone in the floor plan almost Is octagonal. The outer surfaces of the body can domed or polygonal but also designed his. The element height is preferably chosen so that the ratio of element height to element width is approximately 1: 2 to give a pleasing look. The Shaped body is essentially as a hollow body in Designed trough shape. To ensure a secure stability in Achieving connection with the heavy weight becomes one strong taper of the inner walls made to at least in the lower area of the trough-shaped trough stones a large, d. H. to achieve a wide contact area. hereby the elements can be stacked one on top of the other and tilted in highly displaced in all directions, the Contact surface on the underlying body to a large extent preserved.

If in the prior art according to EP 0 187 615 in the lower Area of the troughs also conical inner walls are provided, they only serve to support one inner floor, without the support surface of the trough itself is significantly enlarged in the lower area. goal of In contrast, the invention is the lower contact surface of a trough open towards the bottom due to strong conicity to design such that a significantly larger and sufficient contact area to improve the Stability of stacked troughs is achieved.

In connection with a high weight of e.g. B. 500 kg and can do more due to the heavy design of such troughs Embankment walls or vertical walls to be erected without any anchorages between the troughs or Push dowels in the vertical direction or other measures get along. So much for the individual trough elements additional slide-in walls are provided, these form no positive anchoring in the present system, since this is only in the manner of a tongue and groove connection in corresponding recesses are used. Support here the shaped stones over such wall elements if necessary laterally from each other.

Further details of the invention are in the drawings are shown and are based on the following description the exemplary embodiments with further advantages explained.

Fig. 1a

eine Draufsicht auf einen erfindungsgemäßen Formstein,

Fig. 1b

eine Seitenansicht aus Blickrichtung X in Fig. 1a,

Fig. 2a

einen Einsatzboden für den trogförmigen Formstein nach Fig. 1,

Fig. 2b

eine Seitenansicht von Fig. 2a,

Fig. 3a, 3b

eine vergleichsweise Darstellung der Auflageflächen bei der Erfindung (Fig. 3a) im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik (Fig. 3b) bei aufeinander gestellten Formsteinen,

Fig. 4a, 4b

eine weitere vergleichsweise Darstellung von übereinander gestellten Trögen in versetzter Anordnung bei der Erfindung (Fig. 4a) im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik (Fig. 4b),

Fig. 5a

die Verbindung von zwei Betonformsteinen mit einer Verbindungswand in Draufsicht,

Fig. 5b

die Verbindungswand nach Fig. 5a in Seitenansicht,

Fig. 6

eine Seitenansicht von übereinander angeordneten trogförmigen Formsteinen zur Bildung einer senkrecht freistehenden oder einer Böschungswand,

Fig. 7a

ein ergänzender Formstein in Massivausführung in Draufsicht,

Fig. 7b

der Ergänzungsstein nach Fig. 7a in Seitenansicht aus Blickrichtung X in Fig. 7a,

Fig. 8

eine Draufsicht auf eine Anordnung von Formsteinen und/oder Ergänzungssteinen,

Fig. 9

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Anordnung von Formsteinen und/oder Ergänzungssteinen in Draufsicht,

Fig. 10

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Anordnung von Formsteinen und/oder Ergänzungssteinen,

Fig. 11

ein alternatives Anwendungsbeispiel für einen Formstein,

Fig. 12a

eine Draufsicht auf einen Formstein nach Fig. 1a mit zusätzlichen Füßen,

Fig. 12b

die Seitenansicht nach Fig. 12a mit angesetzten Füßen,

Fig. 13a

die Ausbildung der Füße nach Fig. 12,

Fig. 13b

der in den Beton-Formkörper eingesetzte Fuß nach Fig. 13a und

Fig. 14

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel für die Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Beton-Formsteins.

Show it:

Fig. 1a

a plan view of a shaped block according to the invention,

Fig. 1b

2 shows a side view from viewing direction X in FIG. 1a,

Fig. 2a

an insert base for the trough-shaped shaped block according to FIG. 1,

Fig. 2b

a side view of Fig. 2a,

3a, 3b

a comparative representation of the contact surfaces in the invention (Fig. 3a) compared to the prior art (Fig. 3b) with stacked stones,

4a, 4b

another comparative representation of stacked troughs in a staggered arrangement in the invention (Fig. 4a) compared to the prior art (Fig. 4b),

Fig. 5a

the connection of two concrete blocks with a connecting wall in top view,

Fig. 5b

5a in side view,

Fig. 6

a side view of trough-shaped stones arranged one above the other to form a vertically free-standing or an embankment wall,

Fig. 7a

a supplementary solid stone in top view,

Fig. 7b

7a in side view from viewing direction X in FIG. 7a,

Fig. 8

a plan view of an arrangement of shaped stones and / or supplementary stones,

Fig. 9

another embodiment of an arrangement of shaped stones and / or supplementary stones in plan view,

Fig. 10

another embodiment for an arrangement of shaped stones and / or supplementary stones,

Fig. 11

an alternative application example for a molded block,

Fig. 12a

2 shows a top view of a shaped block according to FIG. 1a with additional feet,

Fig. 12b

the side view of Fig. 12a with feet attached,

13a

the formation of the feet according to Fig. 12,

Fig. 13b

the foot inserted into the concrete molding according to FIGS. 13a and

Fig. 14

a further embodiment for the use of the shaped concrete block according to the invention.

Description of the embodiments:

The shaped concrete block shown in FIG. 1a in plan view and in FIG. 1b in side view is designed as a heavy slope stone or heavy trough element and has a weight of approximately 500 kg. The shaped block is constructed symmetrically to the longitudinal symmetry plane 2 and to the transverse symmetry plane 3. The approximately square cross-section through the corner points 8 with the side length a ≅ 1000 mm has chamfered corners 4 which have a width b = 220 mm or an arc angle of α ≅ 15 to 30 ° and in particular α = 22 °. The height h _{1 of} the trough element is h ₁ = 500 mm, ie the ratio of width a to height h ₁ is approximately 2: 1, which conveys a pleasing appearance.

The walls 5 next to the corner areas 4 are according to the Top view in Fig. 1a preferably cambered or else polygonal. This also gives the very large and massive shaped stone a pleasing appearance. However, you can also be flat.

If you connect the tangents 6 through the chamfered corners 4 this results in a square with the edge length c = 1131 mm. The corner points 7 of this square with the edge length c represent approximately the center points M for the radius R of the Bombing of the outer walls 5.

The corner points of the square basic cross section with the Side length a are identified by reference number 8. By the severely cut corners results in an almost Octagonal basic cross-section.

The shaped concrete block 1 according to the invention has on the outside essentially vertical or vertical outer walls 5 or corner regions 4. The crowning or rounding can also be polygonal, as shown in FIG. 1b with the three surface sections 5 ', 5''and5'''. The widths d _{1 of} the central surface section 5 ′ and widths d _{2 of} the side surface sections 5 ″, 5 ″ ″ are of the same order of magnitude as the width b of the corner region 4. The outer walls 4, 5 can also be downward be conically widening.

The shaped block is designed as a hollow body with an upper surface 9, a lower surface 10, an inner cavity 11 and a conical inner wall 12. The conical inner wall 12 can in principle follow the course of the outer wall 4, 5 of the shaped block in cross section or in plan view with a continuously widening wall downwards and without crowning or polygonal course. The wall thickness s consequently has an upper wall thickness s ₁ and a lower wall thickness s ₂ , the ratio of the wall thicknesses s ₁ : s ₂ ≅ 1: 2. As a result, a very wide contact surface with the circumferential wall thickness s _{2 is} formed on the bottom or on the lower surface 10 of the shaped block. The cone angle is β ≅ 80 °. The upper opening width of the inner cavity 11 is e ≅ 780 mm, the lower opening width of the inner cavity is f ≅ 600 mm.

On the preferably cambered or polygonal wall 5, at least in the area of the longitudinal symmetry plane or transverse symmetry plane 2, 3, pocket-shaped recesses 13 are arranged, which extend over a height h ₂ ≅ 200 mm from the upper surface 9. The pockets 13 have a width of g ≅ 80 mm and a depth of t ≅ 60 mm. The pocket-shaped recesses 13 preferably run slightly conically inwards (g> g ').

As can be seen from Fig. 1a, two opposite cambered or polygonal walls 5 also other have pocket-shaped recesses 13 ', 13' 'which are approximately in a distance i ≅ 200 mm from the longitudinal plane of symmetry 2 are arranged away. The pockets 13, 13 ', 13' 'serve for inserting a connecting wall 14, as shown in Fig. 5a, 5b is described in more detail.

Around the bottom or lower surface 10 of the trough-shaped Closing shaped stones is an insert plate 15 provided as in Fig. 2a in plan view and in Fig. 2b is shown in side view. The insert plate 15 is on the lower contour of the inner cavity 11 of the shaped block 1 adjusted, d. H. it again follows the conical wall of the Inner cavity and has a corresponding Outside cone angle ß on.

The conical inner wall 12 of the inner cavity 11 is for easier manufacture not cambered or polygonal, but formed as a flat surface, d. H. the inner wall 12 runs parallel to the square outer cross section through the corner points 8 and parallel to the beveled Corners 4 with a corresponding conical taper.

The comparative comparison of FIGS. 3a, 3b shows the large contact surface of the shaped blocks according to the invention. 3b shows a shaped block 100 which has no conical inner contour, ie the wall s ₃ is approximately constant over the entire height of the trough block. If, in such a case, two corresponding trough stones 100 ', 100 "are placed on a lower trough stone 100 with their side walls overlapping one another, this results in a small contact surface or contact surface 101, each of which has a square cross section with the side length s ₃ The contact surface in the embodiment according to FIG. 3b could therefore only be achieved by directly placing the entire side walls on top of one another, which, however, may be undesirable.

A comparative representation with shaped stones according to the invention is shown in FIG. 3a. The two shaped stones 1 'and 1''are in turn placed on the lower shaped stone 1. Due to the extremely large wall thickness S ₂ in the base area of the two shaped blocks 1 ', 1'', a large contact surface or contact surface 16 is achieved with the same arrangement as shown in FIG. 3b, since the wider lower surface 17 of the upper shaped blocks 1', 1 '' rest on the narrower upper surface 18 of the lower shaped block 1. The large hatched bearing surface 16, which offers a secure standing surface, can be clearly seen from FIG. 3a.

4a, 4b show a similar representation, but with shaped blocks arranged spatially offset. If shaped stones with the same wall thickness, ie without conical widening of the wall in the floor area, are used according to FIG. 4b, the two trough stones 100 ', 100''placed on the trough stone 100 only form a small contact surface or contact surface 101, 101', which essentially is determined by the wall thickness S ₃ .

The same arrangement with a molded block according to the invention shows Fig. 4a. On a lower trough-shaped stone 1 are the two same shaped stones 1 ', 1' 'in offset Arrangement put on. Due to the large lower contact surface 17 of the flared bottom results in a substantial larger contact surface than that shown in Fig. 4b. This The bearing surface is identified by reference symbol / 16 in FIG. 4a characterized. The support or contact surface 16 results through the lower bearing surface 17 of the upper molded block 1 ', 1' 'on the upper contact surface 18 of the lower shaped block 1. A comparison of the contact surfaces 101 in FIGS. 4b and 16 4a clearly shows the strong enlargement of the Support surface formed by the wide lower surface 17 through the inner cone of the inner wall 12.

5a shows two shaped blocks 1 arranged next to one another, which are connected to one another via a connecting wall 14. The connecting wall 14 is shown in more detail in Fig. 5b. For example, it has an upper width k ≅ 700 mm, a lower width 1 ≅ 600 mm and a wall thickness m ≅ 60 mm. The total height h ₃ is 490 mm, the height h _{4 of} the engagement section 19 is h ₄ ≅ 195 mm, the remaining height h ₅ ≅ 295 mm.

The engagement sections 19 protrude into the respective conical pocket-shaped recesses 13 of the shaped block. Accordingly, the connecting wall 14 is connected to the respective molded block 1 only via the height h ₄ . The center of symmetry 20 of the connecting wall 14 lies at point 7 of the square created by the corner regions 4. The distance n from the longitudinal symmetry plane 2 to the longitudinal symmetry plane 20 of the connecting wall is n ≅ 800 mm. This corresponds to half the length of the diagonals through the corner points 7. The diagonals 21, 21 ′ through the corner points 7 therefore determine the grid system in the case of shaped stones laid with one another via connecting walls 14. This length is 2 xn = 1600 mm.

6 shows several shaped blocks 1, which are superimposed on three levels. This Shaped stones generally form one in the leaf plane bank wall reaching in for fastening an embankment or a vertical wall. The Support / contact surfaces are identified by reference number 16 designated. The shaped blocks 1 contain inserted Base plates or insert plates 15. The top two Molded stones can be connected to one another via a connecting wall 14 be connected. Only the top ones grip Engagement sections 19 in the pocket-shaped recesses 13 on. The same applies to the two lower stones or the lateral connection to the middle stone.

Fig. 7a shows a supplementary stone 22 in plan view, Fig. 7b the same stone in side view from viewing direction x in Fig. 7a. This is a solid stone that for example, has a weight of about 1000 kg. The The outer contour of the supplementary stone 22 corresponds to the External contour of the shaped block 1 as described for Fig. 1a, 1b. The outer contour is therefore also with the reference number 5 for the convex or polygonal outer wall and with Reference numeral 4 denotes the bevelled corner areas. Otherwise, the same parts have the same reference numerals Mistake. The supplementary stone 22 is used for insertion in Slope walls or vertical walls where one particularly heavy stone is required or a hollow one Shaped stone according to Fig. 1a, 1b is undesirable.

8 shows four lower shaped blocks 1, with two lower trough-shaped in the right half of the figure Form stones 1 and two massive in the left half of the figure Supplementary stones 22 are arranged adjacent to one another. One is placed on this arrangement of four shaped stones another trough-shaped shaped block 1 '. This arrangement can be in a special design of these shaped stones can be chosen. The trough-shaped stones can be filled with soil and then plantable.

9 shows an arrangement of Form stones 1, 22 for embankment attachment. At the bottom Area are z. B. six massive supplementary stones 22 in one arranged at right angles. This will be in a first to be placed row four shaped stones 1 placed. A Another top second row of attachments shows four more Shaped stones 1 ', which are at a distance via connecting walls 14 are held to each other. The connecting walls are included their engagement sections 19 each in the middle pocket-shaped recesses 13 of the respective shaped blocks used. The illustration according to FIG. 9 shows a Essentially rectangular arrangement of the shaped stones.

The further representation according to FIG. 10 shows an arcuate Arrangement of the shaped blocks according to the invention, in particular for Formation of a bank wall. For this is a bottom row Supplementary stones 22 are shown, on which a first row Supplementary stones 22 'is placed. On this series of Supplementary stones 22 'then become trough-shaped stones 1 put on, which laid in an arcuate arrangement become. The connecting walls 14 can also in the eccentrically arranged pocket-shaped recesses 13 ' or 13 '', as shown in FIG. 10 in plan view shows. This makes it easier to lay in an arc of the shaped stones possible.

11 shows an alternative embodiment or Use of the shaped block 1, the in Fig. 1a, 1b Shown block 1 is shown in perspective. In addition to the representation in Fig. 1a, 1b, the molded block lower feet 23 for a horizontal orientation of the To enable shaped stones on uneven ground. On such shaped stone can be set up as a plantable trough are, preferably the insert plate 15 as Base plate is inserted. In the pocket-shaped Recesses 13 can, as shown in FIG. 11 Advertising sign 24 or other inscription for a hotel or the like can be used. This is what the Labeling surface 25 between a U-shaped carrier 26.

The illustration in FIGS. 12a, 12b shows a trough-shaped Stone 1 in plan view and the same stone in Side view in Fig. 12b. Around an uneven surface 27 to be able to compensate, the feet 23 have different strengths extended.

The arrangement and design of the feet 23 is in Fig. 13a, 13b shown. 13a shows a foot 23 which consists of a Insert pipe 28 and a lower support foot 29 there. in the there is a wedge connection 30 above a screw 31 (see FIG. 13b) is adjusted. According to the Installation example according to FIG. 13 b, the foot is in a bore 32 of the concrete molding 1 or the supplementary stone 22 used. By means of a leading up to the upper surface 9 Bore 33 (see Fig. 12a), the screw 31 from the Molded stone surface 9 can be reached. Is the foot in his Position fixed, the screw 31 is tightened, causing the wedge connection 30 spreads apart laterally and in the bore 32 wedged.

Such an arrangement can be in all shaped stones or Supplementary stones can be attached.

14 shows a further application example for the Molded stones 1. In the pocket-shaped recesses 13 ', 13' ' a metal frame 34 can be used, on which, for. B. Boards 35 are attached to form a seat 36. 14 accordingly shows a double-sided bench in FIG Top view with the seats 35, 35 ', from both sides can be used. The backrest for both benches is included Reference numeral 37 only shown schematically.

The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments described and illustrated. Rather, it also encompasses all further training within the scope of the property right claims. For example, the outer walls 5 of the shaped blocks can be designed to widen conically, as is the case, for. B. is indicated in Fig. 6 with the cone angle δ ≅ 3 - 5 °. In this case, the lower wall section 38 with the height h _{5 of} the insert wall 14 can also be correspondingly conical.

Claims (10)

1. Concrete block system for landscape architecture and garden landscaping, consisting of tub-shaped slope elements or tub-shaped standing elements with associated connecting walls, wherein the block has a base cross-section with cut-away corner regions and wherein at least in the lower region of the block which is open at the bottom, the block wall extends conically to form a widening of the standing face, characterised in that the outer walls (5) of the block each have at least one receiving pocket (13) or groove (13) which is open at the top and extends over a partial region (h₂) of the height (h₃) of the block (1) for receiving the connecting wall (14), the receiving pocket (13) or groove (13) and the associated connecting wall (14) having no interlocking, connecting elements receiving longitudinal and/or transverse forces, such as swallowtail connections or the like.
2. Block system according to claim 1, characterised in that a conical extension of the inner wall (12) of the block extends over the entire height (h₁) of the block, the ratio of the wall thickness s₁ in the upper region (18) to the wall thickness s₂ in the lower region (17) being approximately s₁ : s₂ = 1:2.
3. Block system according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the block (1) has an approximately square base cross-section, the bevel of the corner regions (4) of the side faces (5) forming an angle of curvature of α ≅ 15 to 30° and in particular α ≅ 22°.
4. Block system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the outer wall (5) of the block has a convex, polygonal or flat course, the outer walls (4, 5) being designed vertically or widening conically at the bottom.
5. Block system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that all the four outer walls (5) have a receiving pocket (13) in the region of the intersecting centre planes of symmetry (2, 3) and preferably at least two further opposing outer walls have further receiving pockets (13', 13'') on either side thereof.
6. Block system according to claim 1 or 5, characterised in that the receiving pockets (13) extend approximately halfway up the height (h₂) of the block with the height (h₁) and in that the connecting wall (14) to be inserted having approximately the same height as the block (1) has a widened cross-section in the upper region to form an engagement portion (19).
7. Block system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the block has an insertable base or an insertion plate (15) in the lower region to close the base.
8. Block system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the block has holes (32, 33) in its bevelled corner regions (4) for receiving height-adjustable feet (23).
9. Block system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the receiving pockets (13) serve to receive signs or benches or the like.
10. Assembly of blocks, comprising one block according to the preceding claims, with which a non-tub-shaped solid block is associated as an additional block with the same outer contour as the block (1).

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