EP0949225A1 - Azidfreie, gaserzeugende Zusammensetzung - Google Patents
Azidfreie, gaserzeugende Zusammensetzung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0949225A1 EP0949225A1 EP99105181A EP99105181A EP0949225A1 EP 0949225 A1 EP0949225 A1 EP 0949225A1 EP 99105181 A EP99105181 A EP 99105181A EP 99105181 A EP99105181 A EP 99105181A EP 0949225 A1 EP0949225 A1 EP 0949225A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- nitrate
- weight
- composition according
- guanidine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- -1 guanidine compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous guanidine Natural products NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-guanidine Natural products CNC(N)=N CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-3,3-difluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(Br)C=C GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidine;nitric acid Chemical compound NC(N)=N.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- LRFVTYWOQMYALW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthine Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)NC2=C1NC=N2 LRFVTYWOQMYALW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BXTYRIKKNHXERN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alloxanoic acid 4tms NIST Chemical compound OC(=O)C1(O)NC(=O)NC1=O BXTYRIKKNHXERN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uracil Chemical compound O=C1C=CNC(=O)N1 ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- POJWUDADGALRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N allantoin Chemical compound NC(=O)NC1NC(=O)NC1=O POJWUDADGALRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HIMXGTXNXJYFGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N alloxan Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(=O)C(=O)N1 HIMXGTXNXJYFGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N creatinine Chemical compound CN1CC(=O)NC1=N DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PXQPEWDEAKTCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N orotic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(=O)NC(=O)N1 PXQPEWDEAKTCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JJGGIYYGVKGMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-triazole-3,4,5-triamine Chemical compound NC1=NN=C(N)N1N JJGGIYYGVKGMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric Acid Chemical compound N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1NC(=O)N2 LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric acid Natural products N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2NC(=O)NC21 TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PKWIYNIDEDLDCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanazole Chemical compound NC1=NNC(N)=N1 PKWIYNIDEDLDCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940116269 uric acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- UDATXMIGEVPXTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1NNC(=O)N1 UDATXMIGEVPXTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BVGPZRCQJJMXBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diaminoguanidine;nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.NN\C(N)=N/N BVGPZRCQJJMXBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitroguanidine Chemical compound NC(=N)N[N+]([O-])=O IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CAAMSDWKXXPUJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one Chemical compound O=C1CNC=N1 CAAMSDWKXXPUJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BAKYASSDAXQKKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzaldehyde Chemical compound CC1=CC(C=O)=CC=C1O BAKYASSDAXQKKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BWFMTHGMFVQPSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-amino-1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5-dione Chemical compound NN1C(=O)NNC1=O BWFMTHGMFVQPSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YFQOVSGFCVQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,6-dihydroxyuracil Chemical compound OC=1NC(=O)NC(=O)C=1O YFQOVSGFCVQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ABICJYZKIYUWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-nitro-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O ABICJYZKIYUWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HRRVLSKRYVIEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-hydroxy-5-nitroso-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=C(N=O)C(O)=N1 HRRVLSKRYVIEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- POJWUDADGALRAB-PVQJCKRUSA-N Allantoin Natural products NC(=O)N[C@@H]1NC(=O)NC1=O POJWUDADGALRAB-PVQJCKRUSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BGRDGMRNKXEXQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Maleic hydrazide Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)N=N1 BGRDGMRNKXEXQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000458 allantoin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- UFRRRMXNFIGHPC-CPZJCIGYSA-N alloxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C#CC1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC#CC2=C(C)CC(O)CC2(C)C UFRRRMXNFIGHPC-CPZJCIGYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MASBWURJQFFLOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammeline Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(O)=N1 MASBWURJQFFLOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HNYOPLTXPVRDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N barbituric acid Chemical compound O=C1CC(=O)NC(=O)N1 HNYOPLTXPVRDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- STIAPHVBRDNOAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamimidoylazanium;carbonate Chemical compound NC(N)=N.NC(N)=N.OC(O)=O STIAPHVBRDNOAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940109239 creatinine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- SMEDVXJKKOXLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyamelide Chemical compound N=C1OC(=N)OC(=N)O1 SMEDVXJKKOXLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BVEWMNTVZPFPQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuric acid Chemical compound OC1C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O BVEWMNTVZPFPQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- JKFAIQOWCVVSKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N furazan Chemical compound C=1C=NON=1 JKFAIQOWCVVSKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KBJCHZXIAAWHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidine;perchloric acid Chemical compound NC(N)=N.OCl(=O)(=O)=O KBJCHZXIAAWHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydantoin Chemical compound O=C1CNC(=O)N1 WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940091173 hydantoin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- UAGLZAPCOXRKPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;1,2,3-triaminoguanidine Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.NNC(NN)=NN UAGLZAPCOXRKPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005010 orotic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- ZFLIKDUSUDBGCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N parabanic acid Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(=O)N1 ZFLIKDUSUDBGCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazol-3-one Chemical compound O=C1C=CN=N1 JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- FFSJPOPLSWBGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazol-4-one Chemical compound O=C1C=NN=N1 FFSJPOPLSWBGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940035893 uracil Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940075420 xanthine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J dipotassium;tetrabromoplatinum(2-) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Pt+2] AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 4
- 229910001487 potassium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanine Chemical compound O=C1NC(N)=NC2=C1N=CN2 UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrous oxide Inorganic materials [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCCN XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FQQQSNAVVZSYMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-diaminoguanidine Chemical compound NN(N)C(N)=N FQQQSNAVVZSYMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HAMNKKUPIHEESI-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoguanidine Chemical compound NNC(N)=N HAMNKKUPIHEESI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DUIOPKIIICUYRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N semicarbazide Chemical compound NNC(N)=O DUIOPKIIICUYRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
- C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an acid-free, gas-generating Composition, in particular for use in security devices for motor vehicles, with one of at least two components existing fuel mixture in a proportion of 20 to 60 wt .-% and an oxidizer mixture consisting of at least three components in a proportion of 40 to 80 wt .-%, each based on the total composition.
- Gas generating compositions used in safety devices used for motor vehicles mostly consist of a fuel based on sodium azide and an oxidizing agent. However, due to the toxicity of sodium azide, it was premature started looking for alternatives to the azide-containing gas generators To look for mixtures.
- US-A-5 608 183 describes a gas generating mixture containing between about 30 and 85 percent by weight of a fuel and between about 15 and about 70 percent by weight of an oxidizing agent.
- At least 60% by weight of the fuel consists of the nitrate of an acidic polyamine or a C 2 -C 3 -alkyldiamine, such as, for example, the nitrates of urea, guanidine, aminoguanidine, diaminoguanidine, semicarbazide, ethylenediamine, 1,3-propanediamine or 1, 2-propanediamine, or mixtures thereof.
- the oxidizing agent comprises at least 60% by weight of basic copper nitrate and / or cobalt triamine trinitrate. The mixture is processed in a wet process.
- the gas generating mixture known from US-A-5 608 183 has however, an insufficient willingness to ignite and a too low Burn-up speed. Because the combustion temperature of the mixture is above 1700 Kelvin, there is also an increased proportion toxic gases can be detected in the released gas mixture. The processing of the mixture in a wet process requires additional Drying levels and is therefore expensive.
- the present invention provides such a composition ready, the fuel mixture consisting of at least two components in a proportion of 20 to 60 wt .-% and on at least three components existing oxidizer mixture in one Proportion of 40 to 80% by weight, in each case based on the overall composition, includes.
- the composition is characterized in that the fuel mixture is composed of 5 to 95 wt .-% one Guanidine compound, 5 to 95% by weight of a heterocyclic, organic acid and 0 to 20 wt .-% other fuels, each based on the fuel mixture.
- the oxidizer mixture is according to the invention composed of 20 to 70% by weight of one or more transition metal oxides, 10 to 50 wt .-% basic copper nitrate and 2 to 30% by weight metal chlorate, metal perchlorate, ammonium perchlorate, alkali nitrate, Alkaline earth nitrate or mixtures thereof, each based on the Oxidizer mixture.
- the guanidine compound is preferably made of guanidine carbonate, Guanidine nitrate, guanidine perchlorate, aminoguanidine nitrate, diaminoguanidine nitrate, Triaminoguanidine nitrate, nitroguanidine or their Blends existing group selected.
- the heterocyclic organic acid is preferably a cyclic organic compound with the general empirical formula C a H b N c O d , where a is an integer between 1 and 5, b and c are each an integer between 1 and 6 and d is an integer between Is 0 and 6.
- the salts and derivatives of the cyclic organic compound can also be used.
- heterocyclic organic acid from cyanuric acid, isocyanuric acid, cyamelid, urazole, uracil, uramine, urazin, alloxan alloxanic acid, alloxantin, xanthine, allantoin, barbituric acid, orotic acid, dilituric acid, triazolone, violuric acid, succinimide, dialuric acid is particularly preferred.
- the use of an at least two-component fuel mixture from a guanidine compound and a heterocyclic Organic acid has been found to be beneficial for production if possible lower harmful gas values in the released gas mixture.
- the compounds mentioned usually have an above 200 ° C melting point and are therefore thermally extreme stable. They therefore meet the requirements for gas generator fuels Requirements for high long-term and temperature stability.
- the Compounds mentioned also generally have high negative Standard enthalpies of formation ⁇ Hf, resulting in the combustion of the mixture released energy and thus also the combustion temperature of the mixture remains low.
- heterocyclic organic acid In addition, too high a proportion of carbon in the heterocyclic organic acid is undesirable since in this case an increased proportion of oxidizing agent is required and the combustion temperature of the mixture also increases undesirably as a result of the highly exothermic formation of CO 2 .
- Compounds having 5 or 6 ring atoms are therefore particularly suitable as the heterocyclic organic acid.
- the number of carbon atoms per molecule of the organic heterocyclic acid should preferably not be greater than 4.
- Compounds which contain at most 3 carbon atoms per molecule are particularly preferred. In individual cases, for example in compounds with fused ring systems, up to 5 carbon atoms can also be present. Examples include guanine, C 5 H 4 N 5 O, or uric acid, C 5 H 4 N 3 O 3 .
- the retention capacity solid combustion residues by controlling the combustion temperature and in particular the relationship between influences metallic and non-metallic residues.
- the formation is favorable both firmly adhering to each other and yet sufficient porous residues to escape the combustion gases to allow.
- the setting of low combustion temperatures of below 1700 Kelvin is desirable for many reasons, in itself, however, not sufficient to provide the necessary restraint to ensure the solid combustion residues. So will for example in Comparative Example 1 described below a burning temperature of 1708 Kelvin and a metallic part a 37% incineration residue that is difficult to filter Residue generated, which is atomized under the burning conditions.
- the exemplary embodiment according to the invention is used in a comparable Burning temperature of 1680 Kelvin, but with a metallic content of 69% in the combustion residues a solid Clinker formed, which is still in tablet form after burning and can therefore be removed from the gas stream very easily.
- the in State of the art regarded as cheap education of exclusively Metallic combustion residues result from the slight Atomization and the formation of droplets from molten metal poor retention of combustion residues.
- the metal content in the solid combustion residues of the invention Compositions are preferably about 50 to 90% by weight.
- compositions according to the invention additionally contain the oxidizers metal oxide and basic copper nitrate Proportion of conventional oxidizers based on chlorates, Perchlorates and / or nitrates.
- This conventional The burn-up rates of the invention can be oxidized Control mixtures in a wide range.
- the share of this conventional oxidizers according to the invention is at most 30% by weight, based on the oxidizer mixture, and preferably at most 20 wt .-%, um the combustion temperatures and the proportion of gravely condensable Keep combustion residues as low as possible.
- a high proportion of potassium perchlorate the combustion temperatures greatly increased and large amounts of potassium chloride releases which is gaseous under the combustion conditions. This gaseous potassium chloride can come from the combustion gases cannot be removed by filters and will result after condensing undesirable smoke formation in the vehicle interior.
- compositions according to the invention can be processed dry, which is why additional cost-intensive drying steps can be dispensed with in the preparation of the compositions.
- the calculated burning temperature of the mixture was 1683 Kelvin.
- the combustion residues had a metallic content of 69.5 % By weight and were in the form of a solid clinker while maintaining the original tablet form.
- the proportion of carbon monoxide in the combustion gas was 110 ppm and the proportion of nitrous gases was 30 ppm
- the mixture showed good ignitability and a sufficiently high burning rate, but atomization of the solid combustion residues occurred.
- the metallic proportion of the solid combustion residues was 36.8% by weight.
- the CO concentration in the combustion gas was 190 ppm, the NO x concentration was 20 ppm.
- Example 1 43.7 parts micronized guanidine nitrate, 48.3 parts finely ground Copper oxide and 8.0 parts of potassium perchlorate were as in Example 1 described processed into fuel tablets. The so Fuel tablets obtained were put into a conventional one Gas generator filled and ignited in a test can.
- the calculated combustion temperature of the mixture was 1792 Kelvin.
- the solid combustion residues were in fragments, the metallic portion of the combustion residues was 51.5% by weight.
- the mixture was easy to ignite and burned quickly.
- an undesirably high proportion of toxic gases was measured in the combustion gases with a CO concentration of 255 ppm and a NO x concentration of 48 ppm.
- the mixture was filled into a conventional gas generator and ignited in a test can.
- the mixture showed one poor willingness to ignite and only a slow burning rate.
- the can pressure reached was insufficient.
- the metal part of the solid combustion residue was 100%, the formation of melted droplets could be observed.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (9)
- Azidfreie gaserzeugende Zusammensetzung, insbesondere zur Verwendung in Sicherheitseinrichtungen für Kraftfahrzeuge, mit einem aus mindestens zwei Komponenten bestehenden Brennstoffgemisch in einem Anteil von 20 bis 60 Gew.-% und einem aus mindestens drei Komponenten bestehenden Oxidatorgemisch in einem Anteil von 40 bis 80 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf die Gesamtzusammensetzung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Brennstoffgemisch zusammengesetzt ist aus:5 bis 95 Gew.-% einer Guanidinverbindung;95 bis 5 Gew.-% einer heterocyclischen, organischen Säure; sowie0 bis 20 Gew.-% weiteren Brennstoffen, jeweils bezogen auf das Brennstoffgemisch,20 bis 70 Gew.-% eines oder mehrerer Übergangsmetalloxide10 bis 50 Gew.-% basischem Kupfernitrat2 bis 30 Gew.-% Metallchlorat, Metallperchlorat, Ammoniumperchlorat, Alkalinitrat, Erdalkalinitrat oder deren Mischungen, jeweils bezogen auf das Oxidatorgemisch.
- Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Guanidinverbindung ausgewählt ist aus der aus Guanidincarbonat, Guanidinnitrat, Guanidinperchlorat, Aminoguanidinnitrat, Diaminoguanidinnitrat, Triaminoguanidinnitrat, Nitroguanidin oder deren Mischungen bestehenden Gruppe.
- Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die heterocyclische organische Säure eine cyclische organische Verbindung mit der allgemeinen Summenformel CaHbNcOd ist, wobei a eine ganze Zahl zwischen 1 und 5, b und c jeweils eine ganze Zahl zwischen 1 und 6 und d eine ganze Zahl zwischen 0 und 6 ist, sowie deren Salze und Derivate umfaßt.
- Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die heterocyclische organische Säure ausgewählt ist aus der aus Cyanursäure, Isocyanursäure. Cyamelid, Urazol, Uracil, Uramin, Urazin, Alloxan, Alloxansäure, Alloxantin, Xanthin, Allantoin, Barbitursäure, Orotsäure, Dilitursäure, Triazolon, Violursäure, Succinimid, Dialursäure, Isodialursäure, Hydantoin, Pseudohydantoin, Imidazolon, Pyrazolon, Parabansäure, Furazan, Ammelin, Kreatinin, Maleinsäurehydrazid, Harnsäure Pseudoharnsäure, Guanazin, Guanazol, Melamin sowie deren Salzen und Derivaten bestehenden Gruppe.
- Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Derivate der heterocyclischen organischen Säure die funktionellen Gruppen =O, -OH, -NO2, -CO2H, -NH2 oder Kombinationen hieraus enthalten.
- Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Übergangsmetalloxid ausgewählt ist aus der aus Cr2O3, MnO2, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CuO, Cu2O oder deren Mischungen bestehenden Gruppe.
- Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, ferner gekennzeichnet durch Verarbeitungshilfen in einem Anteil von bis zu 5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtzusammensetzung, wobei die Verarbeitungshilfen aus der aus den Rieselhilfen, Preßhilfsmitteln und/oder Gleitmitteln bestehenden Gruppe ausgewählt sind.
- Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, bestehend aus 20 bis 40 Gew.-% Guanidinnitrat, 5 bis 30 Gew.-% Cyanursäure, 15 bis 35 Gew.-% CuO, 15 bis 35 Gew.-% basischem Kupfernitrat und 4 bis 16 Gew.-% KClO4, jeweils bezogen auf die Gesamtzusammensetzung.
- Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei einem Abbrand der Zusammensetzung kondensierte Verbrennungsprodukte gebildet werden, die einen Anteil an Metall von 50 bis 90 Gew.-% aufweisen.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE29806504U DE29806504U1 (de) | 1998-04-08 | 1998-04-08 | Azidfreie, gaserzeugende Zusammensetzung |
DE29806504U | 1998-04-08 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0949225A1 true EP0949225A1 (de) | 1999-10-13 |
EP0949225B1 EP0949225B1 (de) | 2002-11-20 |
Family
ID=8055548
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99105181A Expired - Lifetime EP0949225B1 (de) | 1998-04-08 | 1999-03-31 | Azidfreie, gaserzeugende Zusammensetzung |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6132537A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0949225B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH11343192A (de) |
DE (2) | DE29806504U1 (de) |
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DE10064285C1 (de) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-10-17 | Nigu Chemie Gmbh | Gasgeneratortreibstoff-Zusammensetzung und deren Verwendung |
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001056953A1 (fr) * | 2000-02-04 | 2001-08-09 | Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Composition contenant un agent de production de gaz ainsi qu'un derive triazine |
WO2001072666A1 (fr) * | 2000-03-28 | 2001-10-04 | Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Procede de production d'un agent generant du gaz |
US7662248B2 (en) | 2000-03-28 | 2010-02-16 | Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Process for producing a gas generating agent |
DE10064285C1 (de) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-10-17 | Nigu Chemie Gmbh | Gasgeneratortreibstoff-Zusammensetzung und deren Verwendung |
US6589375B2 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2003-07-08 | Talley Defense Systems, Inc. | Low solids gas generant having a low flame temperature |
WO2012153062A2 (fr) | 2011-05-09 | 2012-11-15 | Sme | Composes pyrotechniques generateurs de gaz. |
FR2975097A1 (fr) * | 2011-05-09 | 2012-11-16 | Sme | Composes pyrotechniques generateurs de gaz |
US9249063B2 (en) | 2011-05-09 | 2016-02-02 | Herakles | Pyrotechnic gas generator compounds |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE29806504U1 (de) | 1998-08-06 |
JPH11343192A (ja) | 1999-12-14 |
US6132537A (en) | 2000-10-17 |
EP0949225B1 (de) | 2002-11-20 |
DE59903442D1 (de) | 2003-01-02 |
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