EP0944764B1 - Tete de forage - Google Patents
Tete de forage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0944764B1 EP0944764B1 EP97949845A EP97949845A EP0944764B1 EP 0944764 B1 EP0944764 B1 EP 0944764B1 EP 97949845 A EP97949845 A EP 97949845A EP 97949845 A EP97949845 A EP 97949845A EP 0944764 B1 EP0944764 B1 EP 0944764B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- blades
- drill bit
- blade
- bit according
- cutting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- OANVFVBYPNXRLD-UHFFFAOYSA-M propyromazine bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C12=CC=CC=C2SC2=CC=CC=C2N1C(=O)C(C)[N+]1(C)CCCC1 OANVFVBYPNXRLD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 208000031968 Cadaver Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 101100536354 Drosophila melanogaster tant gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFHCYMVKJALMHW-UHFFFAOYSA-J [W+4].C([O-])([O-])=O.C([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [W+4].C([O-])([O-])=O.C([O-])([O-])=O QFHCYMVKJALMHW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/54—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
Definitions
- Drill heads used to date can therefore be fitted with various types of cutting elements.
- synthetic polycrystalline diamond or PDC Polycrystalline Diamond Compact or polycrystalline diamond tablet synthetic
- natural or synthetic diamonds so-called impregnated, abrasive grains (grits in English) in general and so-called thermostable (synthetic) diamonds or abrasive grain agglomerates (grits) or bonded abrasive grains.
- the present invention results from a study comparative advantages and disadvantages of the elements sharp according to their position on the head of drilling, in particular on the front face thereof. he appears for example that in the case of a head of drilling with only diamond particles impregnated in the front face, those on the axis of rotation or very close to it have a speed weak device during head rotation in drilling course. In addition, their depth of pass in training to drill is very low because these particles are small (0.6 to 1 mm maximum) and are mechanically crimped in the head by a binder, so that they usually only protrude 0.4 mm maximum of the crimp binder.
- a weak peripheral rotation speed of the particles of diamond can also mean increased pressure on these: therefore a greater risk of bursting or to tear out the particles very close to the axis.
- a drilling head with inserts of PDC is very advantageous on the spot, or very close to the axis of rotation because the carat value of diamond is sufficient, exposure of platelets cut projecting from the rest of the head y ensures depths of pass per revolution which are appreciable and these pads offer pressure aforementioned resistance greater than that of particles diamond.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view, in section along line I-I of FIG. 2 and in elevation, of a drill head of the invention.
- Figure 2 is a schematic view of the front face (depending on the direction of drilling) of the Figure 1 drilling.
- Figure 3 is a schematic view in perspective and elevation of a wafer support and of its brochure which can be used in the drill head of the invention.
- Figures 4 and 5, 6 and 7, 8 and 9 are each time schematic views respectively, of a part, in section and in elevation and, on the other hand, front of three different drill heads, the prior art, cited here by way of comparison to show the technical advantage of the head of the invention with respect to them.
- Figure 10 is, on another scale, a view similar to that of Figure 2 but schematically and concerning a drilling head, certain blades of which have a constant width and others have a width variable, increasing from their end the closer to the axis of rotation.
- the drilling head 1 of the invention can comprise a substantially cylindrical central body 2 and cutting blades 3 to 8, projecting from the body 2, both in front of it in a direction of drilling only on the sides of this same body 2. Elements cutting edges 9 are distributed over external surfaces frontal 10, considering the direction of drilling, and on lateral external surfaces 11 for calibrating the wells, for example petroleum, to be dug, blades 3 to 8 comprising these external surfaces 10, 11.
- the surfaces lateral external 11 are part of a surface substantially cylindrical axis coinciding with the axis of drilling head rotation 1.
- External surfaces front 10 and side 11 of each blade 3 to 8 preferably connect according to a progressive curvature.
- the front surface outer 10 of at least one of the blades 3 to 8 ( Figures 1 and 2) it is arranged, as cutting elements 9, at the minus one cutting tablet 12 in diamond tablet synthetic polycrystalline (PDC) at the location of an area central 13 of said front external surface 10 and, in a remaining area 14 of this front surface 10, outside the central zone 13, synthetic diamonds thermostable and / or diamond particles impregnated, both on the blade 3 to 8 provided with cutting insert (s) 12 than on the other blades 3 to 8.
- PDC diamond tablet synthetic polycrystalline
- this drilling head The skilled person knows how to for the rest of this drilling head 1, by example by infiltration of molten metal into a matrix tungsten carbide powder placed in a mold carbon and fitted, before infiltration and where they are desired, diamond particles and / or thermostable synthetic diamonds. Then the or said cutting inserts 12 can be brazed to their places provided during molding and the matrix infiltrated and cooled can be fixed (figure 1) by screwing (in 15) and / or welding (in 16) to a metal body 17 carrying a thread 18 for connecting the head 1 to a rod train (not shown). Such brazing of cutting insert 12 can be achieved practically lastly, on head 1 finished, at low temperature silver brazing alloy of fusion.
- each cutting insert 12 is fixed to a support 20, known per se, the shape of which can be changed as desired (see also figure 3), inserted in the corresponding slide, parallel to the axis of rotation, and being able be arranged so that the active face of each wafer 12 can be tilted at a cutting angle ("rake" in English), for example of the order of 30 °, by relative to a corresponding axial plane.
- the inclination of this angle is then, according to FIGS. 2 and 3, oriented so that the front cutting edge 12A of each plate 12 (in a longitudinal direction of advance of tool 1) either backwards (depending on the direction of rotation R during drilling) relative to the rear cutting edge 12B of the same insert 12 in the drill head 1.
- the supports 20 are advantageously made of tungsten carbonate.
- Blades 3, 5 and 7 may not differ practically only by the number and location of cutting inserts 12. Blades 4, 6 and 8 can be similar to each other. Other arrangements of these blades 3 to 8 may also be preferred, like that of Figure 10 explained below.
- a practically central passage 21 can be intended for drilling fluid, so that this opens out between the front external surfaces 10 and escapes, with debris caused by the drilling, by channels extending between the blades 3 to 8 and along the sides of the body 2.
- Said remaining zone 14 can be itself divided into two substantially circular areas and coaxial 25, 26 with the central zone 13. Then a circular area 25 or 26 may have virtually no as thermostable synthetic diamonds while the other circular zone 26 or 25 may not include practically only impregnated diamond particles.
- diamonds thermostable synthetics are arranged in the area circular 26 located directly around the area control unit 13.
- an area intermediate located in a ring between the two circular zones 25 and 26, either equipped with part of impregnated diamond particles and part of thermostable synthetic diamonds.
- Synthetic thermostable diamonds may have a circular and / or cubic shape and / or prismatic with preferably triangular cross-section.
- the blades 3 to 8 preferably each have a substantially constant thickness over one. part significant of their frontal external surface 10 and on their lateral external surface 11.
- the thicknesses of the different blades 3 to 8 can be equal.
- blades 3 to 8 can extend in a straight line ( Figures 1 and 2) or helically (not shown).
- the lateral external surfaces 11 of the blades 3 to 8, which belong to a substantially surface cylindrical, can present on the latter, in an embodiment a thickness which is of the order of at most half the circular distance between two successive blades 3 to 8, measured on this same substantially cylindrical surface.
- the front external surface 10 of the blades 3 to 8 is arranged to determine, by the elements cutting 9, in the formation of the bottom of a well drilling (not shown) a tapered re-entrant surface in the drilling head 1 and preferably having a cone angle between 10 ° and 55 °, preferably of the order 45 °, relative to the axis of rotation of the head drilling 1.
- central zones 13 and remaining 14 and / or 25, 26 may depend on training to drill. So, for very hard rocks, it seems advantageous to choose a small diameter for the area central 13 and enlarge it as the rocks are less harsh. For clay formations, the 12 PDC cutting inserts are better thanks to to their capacity to evacuate these materials: there are so less head 1 stuffing at these places pads 12.
- the power applied to the drilling head 1 is indicated in the HP ("horse power") column of table 1 and this power per unit area is indicated in the HP / cm 2 column.
- the drilling heads used for the comparison are shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 4 to 9. The head of FIGS.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 comprises twelve narrow blades, identified by letters A, F and G according to their similarities and tracing a semi-toric groove on the using impregnated diamond particles while the center is hollowed out by thermostable synthetic diamonds located in an outlet of a drilling fluid passage.
- the head of Figures 6 and 7 has twelve narrow blades, identified by the letters A, B, C, D and E according to their similarities and digging a cone of the order of 60 ° relative to the axis of rotation.
- the head of FIGS. 8 and 9 comprises six thick blades, identified by letters A, B and C according to their similarities and digging a cone of the order of 45 ° relative to the axis of rotation.
- the crown chosen for the comparison (and not shown) is equipped only with PDC cutting inserts, in a so-called soft binder, on its front face of attack.
- the same rock was drilled or cored by these different tools during the comparative test.
- the binder used for the drilling heads of FIGS. 4 to 9 is also of the so-called soft type.
- the head 1 of the invention has a penetration speed (ROP) substantially higher than other drill heads usual.
- blades 5 with projection in the shape of a truncated triangle 5A on the drawing plane can be inserted between blades 3, 4 whose width is practically constant over their entire outer surface.
- the use of these blades 5A allows for example to reduce the interval between two successive blades 3, 4.
- the invention may also include drilling heads where all the blades have a projection in the form of a truncated triangle like the blade 5A above.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Drilling Tools (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- Holo Graphy (AREA)
Description
- un corps central,
- des lames de coupe en saillie par rapport au corps, tant en avant de celui-ci suivant un sens de forage que sur les côtés de ce même corps, et
- des éléments coupants répartis sur une surface externe frontale et sur une surface externe latérale de calibrage du puits, les surfaces externes latérales des lames faisant partie d'une surface sensiblement cylindrique, et
- dans une zone centrale de la surface externe frontale d'au moins une lame : au moins une plaquette de coupe en comprimé de diamant polycristallin synthétique, et
- dans une zone restante de la surface externe frontale de cette lame, située autour de ladite zone centrale, et sur les autres lames : des diamants synthétiques thermostables et/ou des particules de diamant imprégnées.
- une couche 27 d'attaque de la formation à forer, en comprimé de diamant polycristallin synthétique,
- portant cette couche d'attaque 27, une couche intermédiaire 28 en carbure de tungstène, et
- portant cette couche intermédiaire 28 et portée par le support 20, une couche 29 en carbure de tungstène combiné à des particules de diamant.
Claims (10)
- Tête de forage, telle qu'utilisée notamment dans le domaine d'un creusement de puits de pétrole, comportantun corps central (2),des lames de coupe (3 à 8) en saillie par rapport au corps (2), tant en avant de celui-ci suivant un sens de forage que sur les côtés de ce même corps (2), etdes éléments coupants (9) répartis sur une surface externe frontale (10) et sur une surface externe latérale (11) de calibrage du puits que comportent chaque lame (3 à 8), les surfaces externes latérales des lames (3 à 8) faisant partie d'une surface sensiblement cylindrique, etdans une zone centrale (13) de la surface externe frontale (10), sur au moins une lame (3 à 8) : au moins une plaquette de coupe (12) en comprimé de diamant polycristallin synthétique, etdans une zone restante (14) de la surface externe frontale (10) de cette lame, située au-delà de ladite zone centrale (13) par rapport à l'axe de rotation de la tête (1), et sur les autres lames : des diamants synthétiques thermostables et/ou des particules de diamant imprégnées,
- Téte de forage suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les diamants synthétiques thermostables sont situés dans la zone circulaire (26) située directement autour de la zone centrale (13).
- Tête de forage suivant l'une ou l'autre des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisés en ce que les diamants synthétiques thermostables ont une forme circulaire et/ou cubique et/ou prismatique à section transversale de préférence triangulaire.
- Tête de forage suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que les plaquettes (12) en comprimé de diamant polycristallin synthétique sont portées par des supports d'orientation (20) en carbure de tungstène.
- Tête de forage suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins une plaquette (12) précitée est un élément à plusieurs couches dont l'une (27), en avant de la plaquette (12) suivant le sens de rotation en cours de carottage, est en comprimé de diamant polycristallin synthétique (PDC) proprement dit, une suivante (28) est en carbure de tungstène et une dernière (29) est en carbure de tungstène combiné à des particules de diamant.
- Tête de forage suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une des lames (3 à 8) présente une épaisseur sensiblement constante sur une partie importante de sa surface externe frontale (10) et sur sa surface externe latérale (11), en ce qu'avantageusement toutes les lames (3 à 8) ont sensiblement la même épaisseur et en ce qu'il y a de préférence six lames (3 à 8) autour du corps (2).
- Tête de forage suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que sur la surface sensiblement cylindrique précitée, chaque lame (3 à 8) a une épaisseur de l'ordre d'au plus la moitié de la distance circulaire entre deux lames (3 à 8) successives.
- Tête de forage suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins une lame (5A) présente, vue en projection dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation de la tête de forage (1) une forme de triangle tronqué pointant vers cet axe.
- Tête de forage suivant la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que chaque fois une lame (5A) à projection en triangle tronqué est prévue entre deux lames (3, 4) à épaisseur sensiblement constante sur leurs surfaces externes frontales (10) et latérales (11).
- Tête de forage suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la surface externe frontale (10) des lames (3 à 8) est agencée pour déterminer au fond d'un puits de forage une surface conique rentrant dans la tête de forage (1) et présentant un angle de cône compris entre 10° et 55° et de préférence de l'ordre de 45° par rapport à l'axe de rotation de la tête de forage (1).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE9601043A BE1010802A3 (fr) | 1996-12-16 | 1996-12-16 | Tete de forage. |
BE9601043 | 1996-12-16 | ||
PCT/BE1997/000135 WO1998027310A1 (fr) | 1996-12-16 | 1997-12-16 | Tete de forage |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0944764A1 EP0944764A1 (fr) | 1999-09-29 |
EP0944764B1 true EP0944764B1 (fr) | 2003-03-19 |
Family
ID=3890145
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97949845A Expired - Lifetime EP0944764B1 (fr) | 1996-12-16 | 1997-12-16 | Tete de forage |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6296069B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0944764B1 (fr) |
BE (1) | BE1010802A3 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2274918C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69720035T2 (fr) |
NO (1) | NO326453B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1998027310A1 (fr) |
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-
1996
- 1996-12-16 BE BE9601043A patent/BE1010802A3/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1997
- 1997-12-16 US US09/319,559 patent/US6296069B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-16 WO PCT/BE1997/000135 patent/WO1998027310A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1997-12-16 EP EP97949845A patent/EP0944764B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-16 CA CA002274918A patent/CA2274918C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-12-16 DE DE69720035T patent/DE69720035T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1999
- 1999-06-14 NO NO19992906A patent/NO326453B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
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CA2274918A1 (fr) | 1998-06-25 |
DE69720035T2 (de) | 2004-04-01 |
CA2274918C (fr) | 2006-05-09 |
NO992906D0 (no) | 1999-06-14 |
EP0944764A1 (fr) | 1999-09-29 |
WO1998027310A1 (fr) | 1998-06-25 |
BE1010802A3 (fr) | 1999-02-02 |
NO992906L (no) | 1999-08-13 |
NO326453B1 (no) | 2008-12-08 |
DE69720035D1 (de) | 2003-04-24 |
US6296069B1 (en) | 2001-10-02 |
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