EP0922166B1 - Piston vacuum pump with discharge valve - Google Patents
Piston vacuum pump with discharge valve Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0922166B1 EP0922166B1 EP97928176A EP97928176A EP0922166B1 EP 0922166 B1 EP0922166 B1 EP 0922166B1 EP 97928176 A EP97928176 A EP 97928176A EP 97928176 A EP97928176 A EP 97928176A EP 0922166 B1 EP0922166 B1 EP 0922166B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- valve
- compressor according
- front side
- cylinder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/10—Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members
- F04B39/1073—Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members the members being reed valves
- F04B39/108—Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members the members being reed valves circular reed valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B37/00—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00
- F04B37/10—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use
- F04B37/14—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use to obtain high vacuum
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/08—Actuation of distribution members
Definitions
- the invention relates to a piston compressor with the features of the preamble of independent claims 1 and 3.
- a piston vacuum pump is known from EP-A-85 687.
- a cylinder face or the cylinder head is the carrier of the exhaust valve.
- the previously known solution is structurally complex because of the majority of the individual components.
- the outlet valve has a relatively small opening cross section and is sensitive to contamination.
- the object of the present invention is to improve the noise behavior and the service life of a piston compressor of the type concerned which is designed as a vacuum pump.
- a gentle opening of the outlet valve is ensured even at very low suction pressures.
- a softer opening means that noise behavior and service life are improved.
- the opening of the valve takes place in that the valve plate edge lifts off from the front cylinder edge, so that after a small opening movement a relatively large opening cross section is created over the entire cylinder circumference. This enables short valve opening times. In addition, high particle compatibility is achieved.
- both piston ends have a pump function and are both equipped with an outlet valve according to the invention. Since it is generally necessary to drive the piston with a connecting rod, the compression space on the connecting rod side and thus also the valve disk must be designed in a circular shape.
- FIGS. 1, 2, 8 and 10 A crankshaft 5 and a connecting rod 6 are indicated schematically in FIGS. 1, 2, 8 and 10.
- 7 denotes a gas inlet opening into the compression space 8 and 9 a gas outlet.
- the gas inlet 7 is in the form of an annular groove let into the wall of the cylinder 2 and communicating with an inlet channel (not shown).
- the gas outlet 9 is connected to a chamber 11 formed in the cylinder head 4.
- the outlet valve 12 with its valve plate 13 and its valve seat 14 is located between gas inlet 7 and gas outlet 9.
- the valve plate 13 forms the entire cylinder face located in the area of the cylinder head. Its diameter is larger than the inside diameter of the cylinder 2, so that the front edge of the cylinder 2 has the function of the valve seat 14.
- Figures 1 and 2 show an embodiment in which the approximately circular disc-shaped valve plate 13 a flexible material, for example spring steel sheet.
- a centrally arranged, pin-shaped carrier 21 it is suspended from a wall of the chamber 11 and is held in its position in such a way that the valve 12 is closed in a self-sealing manner (FIG. 1).
- the piston 3 assumes its dead center, which is remote from the cylinder head 4.
- the gas inlet 7 is open to the compression space 8. Gas to be pumped or compressed flows into the compression space 8.
- Plate 13 and carrier 21 can be made of plastic, for example, and can be formed in one piece.
- the piston movement in the direction of the cylinder head 4 following the position of the piston 3 in FIG. 1 initially causes the gas inlet 7 to close, then compression of the inflowing gases and finally the opening of the valve 12, so that the compressed gases enter the chamber 11 and flow from there through the gas outlet 9.
- the valve 12 is actuated by the piston 3.
- the piston stroke is extended by the opening travel of the valve. Shortly before reaching its dead center adjacent to the cylinder head 4, the piston 3 and valve disk 13 come into engagement. The subsequent piston movement to the dead center is the opening path of the valve.
- the piston end face 16 facing the cylinder head 4 is concave (trough-shaped, ie with a central depression).
- the valve 12 is opened in that the outer edge of the flexible valve plate 13 lifts off the valve seat 14 (FIG. 2). This can be done in that compressed gases raise the outer edge of the valve plate 13. If the gas pressure generated is insufficient, the piston 3 causes the valve 12 to open. Its outer edge touches shortly before it reaches its gate point adjacent to the cylinder head the outer edge of the valve plate 13 and lifts it from its valve seat 14 so that the compressed gas can flow out.
- Figure 3 shows an embodiment in which the piston end 16 is flat.
- projections 17 which touch the valve plate 13 shortly before reaching the dead center and open the valve 12.
- projections 17 There may be discrete projections 17.
- a circumferential edge expediently forms the projection 17.
- This edge as shown in FIG. 3, is part of an outer, low-wear material coating 18 of the piston 3.
- valve seat 14 In Figure 3, a special design of the valve seat 14 is shown. It comprises an O-ring 15, which is located in a recess in the end face of the cylinder 2.
- the suspension of the valve plate 13 comprises a carrier 21 made of flexible material, for example plastic, to which the valve plate 13 is fastened.
- valve plate 13 is additionally coated with this material of the carrier (layer 19).
- This layer 19 is also the carrier of a sealing ring 22.
- the carrier 21, layer 19 and sealing ring 22 can be formed in one piece and can be applied (e.g. vulcanized) to the valve plate 13 in one operation.
- the piston end face 16 is convex.
- the suspension 21 of the valve plate 13 comprises a spring 23 which acts in the closing direction. When it opens the valve 12 of the piston 3 first touches the center of the piston end face of the valve disc 13. If the latter consists of flexible material, the valve disc 13 assumes approximately the shape of the piston end face 16 when the valve 12 is open. A dead space-free emptying of the compression space 8 is possible. .
- Figure 7 shows a special design of the valve plate 13. It is one-sided - e.g. fixed by means of a screw 24 - outside the seal 15 on the front edge, so that its opening movement is a pivoting movement around the attachment point. A projection 17 causing the opening movement is only provided on the side of the piston 3 opposite the fastening point.
- the valve plate 13 suitably consists of elastic steel sheet - e.g. coated with Viton - and has an edge 25 created by flanging. This edge stiffens the valve plate 13. In the area of the attachment point, the flange 25 is interrupted to allow the pivoting movement of the valve plate 13.
- FIGS. 8 to 10 show exemplary embodiments in which both end faces of the piston-cylinder device have a pump function. Because of the passage of the connecting rod 6 into the interior of the piston 3, it is necessary to design the compression space 26, which is distant from the cylinder head 4, in a ring shape. For this purpose, the piston 3 is equipped with a gradation 27 that the End wall portion with 28 and the cylindrical portion 29 includes. This has a reduced diameter compared to the rest of the piston 3.
- the inlet of the annular pump stage is also formed as an annular groove in the wall of the cylinder 2 and designated 31.
- the valve 32 comprises the annular valve plate 33.
- the valve seat 34 again forms the end face of the cylinder 2.
- the valve plate 33 is fastened to a carrier 36 which is suspended on the cylinder head 37 located on the crankshaft side.
- the carrier 36 is in the form of a sleeve which guides the cylindrical section 29 of the piston 3.
- Plate 33 and carrier 36 can be formed in one piece and e.g. are made of plastic.
- the annular chamber 38 In the cylinder head 37 on the crankshaft side there is the annular chamber 38, to which the gas outlet 39 connects.
- the end section 28 of the piston 3 is flat.
- the valve 32 is opened again by extending the piston stroke.
- All of the opening mechanisms shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 can also be used in an equivalent manner in the valve 33 arranged on the crankshaft side.
- the end section 28 of the piston 3 is equipped with projections 41 which cause the valve disk 33 to be lifted off its valve seat 34 (with the sealing ring 42).
- the valve 12 is equipped with a bypass 45.
- the bypass 45 connects the chamber 11 to the compression space 8.
- the mouth 46 leading to the compression space should be arranged as close as possible to the valve seat 14.
- the bypass 45 there is a check valve 47 which is closed when the pressure in the compression space 8 is greater than that Pressure in the chamber 11, and that opens at reverse pressure conditions.
- the bypass 45 has an effect which relieves the drive motor of the piston vacuum pump. Without a bypass, the piston generates a relatively high vacuum in the compression space 8 after the valve 12 is closed, which vacuum is not broken until the gas inlet 7 is opened. If the bypass 45 is present, gas from the chamber 11 enters the compression space 8 shortly after the valve 12 is closed.
- the valve 32 arranged on the crankshaft side can also be equipped with a relief bypass of this type.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Compressor (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Kolbenverdichter mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs der unabhängigen Patentansprüche 1 und 3.The invention relates to a piston compressor with the features of the preamble of independent claims 1 and 3.
Aus der US-A-27 51 146 ist ein als Kompressor ausgebildeter Kolbenverdichter mit diesen Merkmalen bekannt. Die Betätigung des Ventiltellers erfolgt zunächst durch komprimierte Gase und danach durch den Kolben selbst, der in seinem oberen Totpunkt über den Rand des Zylinders hinausragt. Die Kolbenstirnseite und der der Kolbenstirnseite zugewandte, relativ dicke Ventilteller sind eben ausgebildet, so dass sie während der Betätigung des Ventiltellers durch die Kolbenstirnseite selbst einen vollflächigen Kontakt haben. Eine Vakuumpumpe mit diesen Merkmalen würde wegen der wesentlich niedrigeren Gasdrücke im Kompressionsraum relativ laut sein. Außerdem hätte das Ventilsystem eine relativ kurze Lebensdauer.From US-A-27 51 146 a piston compressor designed as a compressor with these features is known. The valve disk is actuated first by compressed gases and then by the piston itself, which protrudes above the edge of the cylinder at its top dead center. The piston end face and the relatively thick valve plate facing the piston end side are flat, so that they have full-surface contact themselves when the valve plate is actuated by the piston end side. A vacuum pump with these features would be relatively noisy because of the much lower gas pressures in the compression space. In addition, the valve system would have a relatively short lifespan.
Aus der EP-A-85 687 ist eine Kolbenvakuumpumpe bekannt. Eine Zylinderstirnseite bzw. der Zylinderkopf ist Träger des Auslaßventils. Die vorbekannte Lösung ist wegen der Mehrzahl der einzelnen Bauteile konstruktiv aufwendig. Außerdem hat das Auslaßventil einen relativ kleinen Öffnungsquerschnitt und ist empfindlich gegen Verschmutzungen.A piston vacuum pump is known from EP-A-85 687. A cylinder face or the cylinder head is the carrier of the exhaust valve. The previously known solution is structurally complex because of the majority of the individual components. In addition, the outlet valve has a relatively small opening cross section and is sensitive to contamination.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einem als Vakuumpumpe ausgebildeten Kolbenverdichter der hier betroffenen Art in Bezug auf das Geräuschverhalten und die Lebensdauer zu verbessern.The object of the present invention is to improve the noise behavior and the service life of a piston compressor of the type concerned which is designed as a vacuum pump.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale der Patentansprüche gelöst.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of the claims.
Bei einer Kolbenvakuumpumpe der erfindungsgemäßen Art ist ein sanftes Öffnen des Auslassventiles auch bei sehr niedrigen Ansaugdrücken sicher gestellt. Ein sanfteres Öffnen hat zur Folge, dass Geräuschverhalten und Lebensdauer verbessert sind. Die Öffnung des Ventils erfolgt dadurch, daß der Ventiltellerrand vom stirnseitigen Zylinderrand abhebt, so daß bereits nach einer kleinen Öffnungsbewegung ein relativ großer Öffnungsquerschnitt über dem gesamten Zylinderumfang entsteht. Kurze Ventilöffnungszeiten sind dadurch möglich. Außerdem wird eine hohe Partikelverträglichkeit erreicht.In a piston vacuum pump of the type according to the invention, a gentle opening of the outlet valve is ensured even at very low suction pressures. A softer opening means that noise behavior and service life are improved. The opening of the valve takes place in that the valve plate edge lifts off from the front cylinder edge, so that after a small opening movement a relatively large opening cross section is created over the entire cylinder circumference. This enables short valve opening times. In addition, high particle compatibility is achieved.
Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform haben beide Kolbenstirnseiten Pumpfunktion und sind beide mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Auslaßventil ausgerüstet. Da es in aller Regel erforderlich ist, den Kolben mit einer Pleuelstange anzutreiben, müssen der pleuelstangeseitige Kompressionsraum und damit auch der Ventilteller kreisringförmig gestaltet sein.In an advantageous embodiment, both piston ends have a pump function and are both equipped with an outlet valve according to the invention. Since it is generally necessary to drive the piston with a connecting rod, the compression space on the connecting rod side and thus also the valve disk must be designed in a circular shape.
Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten der Erfindung sollen anhand von in den Figuren 1 bis 10 erläutert werden. Es zeigen
- Figuren 1 und 2 Kolben und Zylinder einer Kolbenvakuumpumpe nach der Erfindung,
- Figuren 3 bis 7 verschiedene Gestaltungen des Zylinderkopfes mit Auslaßventil,
- Figuren 8 und 9 Ausführungen, bei denen beide Zylinderstirnseiten Pumpfunktion haben und
- Figur 10 eine Ausführung mit einem Entlastungsventil.
- 1 and 2 pistons and cylinders of a piston vacuum pump according to the invention,
- 3 to 7 different designs of the cylinder head with exhaust valve,
- Figures 8 and 9 versions in which both cylinder faces have a pumping function and
- Figure 10 shows an embodiment with a relief valve.
In allen Figuren ist jeweils nur derjenige Bereich des Gehäuses 1 einer Kolbenvakuumpumpe nach der Erfindung dargestellt, in welchem sich ein Zylinder 2 mit einem Kolben 3 und einem Zylinderkopf 4 befindet. Entsprechend der gewünschten Stufenzahl der Kolbenvakuumpumpe können eine oder mehrere einstufige Zylinder-Kolbeneinrichtungen oder auch Ausführungen, bei denen beide Zylinderstirnseiten Pumpfunktionen haben, im Gehäuse der Pumpe untergebracht sein. Eine Kurbelwelle 5 und eine Pleuelstange 6 sind in den Figuren 1, 2, 8 und 10 schematisch angedeutet.In all figures only that area of the housing 1 of a piston vacuum pump according to the invention is shown, in which there is a cylinder 2 with a piston 3 and a cylinder head 4. Depending on the desired number of stages of the piston vacuum pump, one or more single-stage cylinder piston devices or also versions in which both end faces of the cylinder have pump functions can be accommodated in the housing of the pump. A crankshaft 5 and a connecting rod 6 are indicated schematically in FIGS. 1, 2, 8 and 10.
Bei allen Ausführungen sind mit 7 ein in den Kompressionsraum 8 mündender Gaseinlaß und mit 9 ein Gasauslaß bezeichnet. Der Gaseinlaß 7 hat die Form einer in die Wand des Zylinders 2 eingelassenen Ringnut, die mit einem nicht dargestellten Einlaßkanal in Verbindung steht. Der Gasauslaß 9 ist an eine im Zylinderkopf 4 ausgebildete Kammer 11 angeschlossen. Das Auslaßventil 12 mit seinem Ventilteller 13 und seinem Ventilsitz 14 befindet sich zwischen Gaseinlaß 7 und Gasauslaß 9.In all versions, 7 denotes a gas inlet opening into the compression space 8 and 9 a gas outlet. The gas inlet 7 is in the form of an annular groove let into the wall of the cylinder 2 and communicating with an inlet channel (not shown). The gas outlet 9 is connected to a chamber 11 formed in the cylinder head 4. The outlet valve 12 with its valve plate 13 and its valve seat 14 is located between gas inlet 7 and gas outlet 9.
Entsprechend der Erfindung bildet der Ventilteller 13 die gesamte, im Bereich des Zylinderkopfes gelegene Zylinderstirnseite. Sein Durchmesser ist größer als der Innendurchmesser des Zylinders 2, so daß der stirnseitige Rand des Zylinders 2 die Funktion des Ventilsitzes 14 hat.According to the invention, the valve plate 13 forms the entire cylinder face located in the area of the cylinder head. Its diameter is larger than the inside diameter of the cylinder 2, so that the front edge of the cylinder 2 has the function of the valve seat 14.
Die Figuren 1 und 2 zeigen ein Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem der etwa kreisscheibenförmige Ventilteller 13 aus einem flexiblen Werkstoff, zum Beispiel aus Federstahlblech, besteht. Mit Hilfe eines zentral angeordneten, stiftförmigen Trägers 21 ist er an einer Wandung der Kammer 11 aufgehängt und wird derart in seiner Position gehalten, daß das Ventil 12 selbstdichtend geschlossen ist (Figur 1). In dieser Figur nimmt der Kolben 3 seinen entfernt vom Zylinderkopf 4 gelegenen Totpunkt ein. Der Gaseinlaß 7 ist zum Kompressionsraum 8 offen. Zu förderndes bzw. zu komprimierendes Gas strömt in den Kompressionsraum 8 ein. Teller 13 und Trager 21 können z.B. aus Kunststoff bestehen und einstückig ausgebildet sein.Figures 1 and 2 show an embodiment in which the approximately circular disc-shaped valve plate 13 a flexible material, for example spring steel sheet. With the help of a centrally arranged, pin-shaped carrier 21, it is suspended from a wall of the chamber 11 and is held in its position in such a way that the valve 12 is closed in a self-sealing manner (FIG. 1). In this figure, the piston 3 assumes its dead center, which is remote from the cylinder head 4. The gas inlet 7 is open to the compression space 8. Gas to be pumped or compressed flows into the compression space 8. Plate 13 and carrier 21 can be made of plastic, for example, and can be formed in one piece.
Die sich an die Stellung des Kolbens 3 in Figur 1 anschließende Kolbenbewegung in Richtung Zylinderkopf 4 bewirkt zunächst ein Schließen des Gaseinlasses 7, danach eine Kompression der eingeströmten Gase und schließlich die Öffnung des Ventils 12, so daß die komprimierten Gase in die Kammer 11 gelangen und von dort aus durch den Gasauslaß 9 strömen. Das Ventil 12 wird vom Kolben 3 betätigt. Dazu ist der Kolbenhub um den Öffnungsweg des Ventils verlangert. Kurz vor dem Erreichen seines dem Zylinderkopf 4 benachbarten Totpunktes kommen Kolben 3 und Ventilteller 13 in Eingriff. Die sich daran anschließende Kolbenbewegung bis zum Totpunkt ist der Öffnungsweg des Ventils.The piston movement in the direction of the cylinder head 4 following the position of the piston 3 in FIG. 1 initially causes the gas inlet 7 to close, then compression of the inflowing gases and finally the opening of the valve 12, so that the compressed gases enter the chamber 11 and flow from there through the gas outlet 9. The valve 12 is actuated by the piston 3. For this purpose, the piston stroke is extended by the opening travel of the valve. Shortly before reaching its dead center adjacent to the cylinder head 4, the piston 3 and valve disk 13 come into engagement. The subsequent piston movement to the dead center is the opening path of the valve.
Beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren 1 und 2 ist die dem Zylinderkopf 4 zugewandte Kolbenstirnseite 16 konkav (muldenförmig, d.h. mit zentraler Vertiefung) ausgebildet. Die Öffnung des Ventils 12 erfolgt dadurch, daß der äußere Rand des flexiblen Ventiltellers 13 vom Ventilsitz 14 abhebt (Figur 2). Dieses kann dadurch geschehen, daß komprimierte Gase den äußeren Rand des Ventiltellers 13 anheben. Reicht der erzeugte Gasdruck nicht aus, dann bewirkt der Kolben 3 die Öffnung des Ventils 12. Sein äußerer Rand berührt kurz vor dem Erreichen seines dem Zylinderkopf benachtbarten Torpunktes den äußeren Rand des Ventiltellers 13 und hebt ihn von seinem Ventilsitz 14 ab, so daß das komprimierte Gas ausströmen kann.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the piston end face 16 facing the cylinder head 4 is concave (trough-shaped, ie with a central depression). The valve 12 is opened in that the outer edge of the flexible valve plate 13 lifts off the valve seat 14 (FIG. 2). This can be done in that compressed gases raise the outer edge of the valve plate 13. If the gas pressure generated is insufficient, the piston 3 causes the valve 12 to open. Its outer edge touches shortly before it reaches its gate point adjacent to the cylinder head the outer edge of the valve plate 13 and lifts it from its valve seat 14 so that the compressed gas can flow out.
Figur 3 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem die Kolbenstirnseite 16 eben ausgebildet ist. Im Bereich des äußeren Randes des Kolbens 3 befinden sich Vorsprünge 17, die kurz vor dem Erreichen des Totpunktes den Ventilteller 13 berühren und das Ventil 12 öffnen. Es können diskrete Vorsprünge 17 vorhanden sein. Zweckmäßig bildet jedoch ein umlaufender Rand den Vorsprung 17. Dieser Rand ist wie in Figur 3 dargestellt Bestandteil einer äußeren aus verschleißarmen werkstoffbestehenden Beschichtung 18 des Kolbens 3.Figure 3 shows an embodiment in which the piston end 16 is flat. In the area of the outer edge of the piston 3 there are projections 17 which touch the valve plate 13 shortly before reaching the dead center and open the valve 12. There may be discrete projections 17. However, a circumferential edge expediently forms the projection 17. This edge, as shown in FIG. 3, is part of an outer, low-wear material coating 18 of the piston 3.
In Figur 3 ist noch eine besondere Gestaltung des Ventilsitzes 14 dargestellt. Er umfaßt einen O-Ring 15, der sich in einer in der Stirnseite des Zylinders 2 eingelassenen Nut befindet.In Figure 3, a special design of the valve seat 14 is shown. It comprises an O-ring 15, which is located in a recess in the end face of the cylinder 2.
Bei den Ausführungsbeispielen nach Figur 4 und 5 umfaßt die Aufhängung des Ventiltellers 13 einen aus flexiblem Werkstoff, zum Beispiel Kunststoff, bestehenden Träger 21, an dem der Ventilteller 13 befestigt ist.In the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 4 and 5, the suspension of the valve plate 13 comprises a carrier 21 made of flexible material, for example plastic, to which the valve plate 13 is fastened.
Beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach'Figur 5 ist der Ventilteller 13 zusätzlich mit diesem Werkstoff des Trägers beschichtet (Schicht 19). Diese Schicht 19 ist auch Träger eines Dichtringes 22. Träger 21, Schicht 19 und Dichtring 22 können einstückig ausgebildet sein und in einem Arbeitsgang auf den Ventilteller 13 aufgebracht (z.B. vulkanisiert) werden.In the embodiment according to FIG. 5, the valve plate 13 is additionally coated with this material of the carrier (layer 19). This layer 19 is also the carrier of a sealing ring 22. The carrier 21, layer 19 and sealing ring 22 can be formed in one piece and can be applied (e.g. vulcanized) to the valve plate 13 in one operation.
Beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 6 ist die Kolbenstirnseite 16 konvex ausgebildet. Die Aufhangung 21 des Ventiltellers 13 umfaßt eine Feder 23, die in Schließrichtung wirkt. Bei seiner das Ventil 12 öffnenden Bewegung des Kolbens 3 berührt zunächst die Mitte der Kolbenstirnseite den Ventilteller 13. Besteht dieser aus flexiblem Werkstoff, dann nimmt der Ventilteller 13 bei offenem Ventil 12 etwa die Form der Kolbenstirnseite 16 an. Eine totraumfreie Entleerung des Kompressionsraumes 8 ist dadurch möglich. ,In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 6, the piston end face 16 is convex. The suspension 21 of the valve plate 13 comprises a spring 23 which acts in the closing direction. When it opens the valve 12 of the piston 3 first touches the center of the piston end face of the valve disc 13. If the latter consists of flexible material, the valve disc 13 assumes approximately the shape of the piston end face 16 when the valve 12 is open. A dead space-free emptying of the compression space 8 is possible. .
Figur 7 zeigt eine besondere Gestaltung des Ventiltellers 13. Er ist einseitig - z.B. mittels einer Schraube 24 - außerhalb der Dichtung 15 auf dem stirnseitigen Rand fixiert, so daß seine Öffnungsbewegung eine Schwenkbewegung um den Befestigungspunkt ist. Ein die Öffnungsbewegung verursachender Vorsprung 17 ist nur auf der dem Befestigungspunkt gegenuberliegenden Seite des Kolbens 3 vorgesehen.Figure 7 shows a special design of the valve plate 13. It is one-sided - e.g. fixed by means of a screw 24 - outside the seal 15 on the front edge, so that its opening movement is a pivoting movement around the attachment point. A projection 17 causing the opening movement is only provided on the side of the piston 3 opposite the fastening point.
Der Ventilteller 13 besteht zweckmäßig aus elastischem Stahlblech - z.B. mit Viton beschichtet - und weist einen durch Bördelung entstandenen Rand 25 auf. Dieser Rand bewirkt eine Versteifung des Ventiltellers 13. Im Bereich des Befestigungspunktes ist die Bördelung 25 unterbrochen, um die Schwenkbewegung des Ventiltellers 13 zuzulassen.The valve plate 13 suitably consists of elastic steel sheet - e.g. coated with Viton - and has an edge 25 created by flanging. This edge stiffens the valve plate 13. In the area of the attachment point, the flange 25 is interrupted to allow the pivoting movement of the valve plate 13.
Bei der Lösung nach Figur 7 entfällt ein zentraler Träger 21. Außerdem besteht die Möglichkeit, den Gasen eine gezielte Strömungsrichtung zu geben, z.B. in Richtung Auslaß 9. Das Saugvermögen der Pumpe beeinträchtigende Verwirbelungen werden vermieden.In the solution according to FIG. 7, there is no central support 21. There is also the possibility of giving the gases a specific direction of flow, e.g. in the direction of the outlet 9. Swirls which impair the pumping speed of the pump are avoided.
Die Figuren 8 bis 10 zeigen Ausführungsbeispiele, bei denen beide Stirnseiten der Kolben-Zylinder-Einrichtung Pumpfunktion haben. Wegen der Durchführung der Pleuelstange 6 bis in das Innere des Kolbens 3 ist es erforderlich, den dem Zylinderkopf 4 entfernt gelegenen Kompressionsraum 26 ringförmig auszubilden. Dazu ist der Kolben 3 mit einer Abstufung 27 ausgerüstet, die den Stirnwandabschnitt mit 28 und den zylindrischen Abschnitt 29 umfaßt. Dieser hat gegenüber dem übrigen Teil des Kolbens 3 einen reduzierten Durchmesser.FIGS. 8 to 10 show exemplary embodiments in which both end faces of the piston-cylinder device have a pump function. Because of the passage of the connecting rod 6 into the interior of the piston 3, it is necessary to design the compression space 26, which is distant from the cylinder head 4, in a ring shape. For this purpose, the piston 3 is equipped with a gradation 27 that the End wall portion with 28 and the cylindrical portion 29 includes. This has a reduced diameter compared to the rest of the piston 3.
Der Einlaß der kreisringförmigen Pumpstufe ist ebenfalls als Ringnut in der Wandung des Zylinders 2 ausgebildet und mit 31 bezeichnet. Das Ventil 32 umfaßt den kreisringförmigen Ventilteller 33. Den Ventilsitz 34 bildet wieder die Stirnseite des Zylinders 2. Bei den dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen ist der Ventilteller 33 an einem Träger 36 befestigt, der am kurbelwellenseitig gelegenen Zylinderkopf 37 aufgehängt ist. Der Träger 36 hat die Form einer Hülse, die den zylindrischen Abschnitt 29 des Kolbens 3 führt. Teller 33 und Träger 36 konnen einstückig ausgebildet sein und z.B. aus Kunststoff bestehen. Im kurbelwellenseitig gelegenen Zylinderkopf 37 befindet sich die kreisringförmige Kammer 38, an die sich der Gasauslaß 39 anschließt.The inlet of the annular pump stage is also formed as an annular groove in the wall of the cylinder 2 and designated 31. The valve 32 comprises the annular valve plate 33. The valve seat 34 again forms the end face of the cylinder 2. In the exemplary embodiments shown, the valve plate 33 is fastened to a carrier 36 which is suspended on the cylinder head 37 located on the crankshaft side. The carrier 36 is in the form of a sleeve which guides the cylindrical section 29 of the piston 3. Plate 33 and carrier 36 can be formed in one piece and e.g. are made of plastic. In the cylinder head 37 on the crankshaft side there is the annular chamber 38, to which the gas outlet 39 connects.
Der stirnseitige Abschnitt 28 des Kolbens 3 ist eben ausgebildet. Die Öffnung des Ventils 32 erfolgt wieder durch eine Verlängerung des Kolbenhubs. Auch alle zu den Figuren 1 bis 6 dargestellten Öffnungsmechanismen können beim kurbelwellenseitig angeordneten Ventil 33 in aquivalenter Weise Anwendung finden. So ist beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 9 beispielsweise der stirnseitige Abschnitt 28 des Kolbens 3 mit Vorsprüngen 41 ausgerüstet, die ein Abheben des Ventiltellers 33 von seinem Ventilsitz 34 (mit Dichtungsring 42) bewirken.The end section 28 of the piston 3 is flat. The valve 32 is opened again by extending the piston stroke. All of the opening mechanisms shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 can also be used in an equivalent manner in the valve 33 arranged on the crankshaft side. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 9, for example, the end section 28 of the piston 3 is equipped with projections 41 which cause the valve disk 33 to be lifted off its valve seat 34 (with the sealing ring 42).
Beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 10 ist das Ventil 12 mit einem Bypass 45 ausgerüstet. Der Bypass 45 verbindet die Kammer 11 mit dem Kompressionsraum 8. Die zum Kompressionsraum führende Mündung 46 sollte möglichst nahe beim Ventilsitz 14 angeordnet sein. Im Bypass 45 befindet sich ein Rückschlagventil 47, das geschlossen ist, wenn der Druck im Kompressionsraum 8 größer ist als der Druck in der Kammer 11, und das bei umgekehrten Druckverhältnissen öffnet. Der Bypass 45 hat eine den Antriebsmotor der Kolbenvakuumpumpe entlastende Wirkung. Ohne Bypass erzeugt der Kolben nach dem Schließen des Ventils 12 im Kompressionsraum 8 ein relativ hohes Vakuum, das erst nach dem Öffnen des Gaseinlasses 7 gebrochen wird. Ist der Bypass 45 vorhanden, gelangt bereits kurz nach dem Schließen des Ventils 12 Gas aus der Kammer 11 in den Kompressionsraum 8. Auch das kurbelwellenseitig angeordnete Ventil 32 kann mit einem Entlastungsbypass dieser Art ausgerüstet sein.10, the valve 12 is equipped with a bypass 45. The bypass 45 connects the chamber 11 to the compression space 8. The mouth 46 leading to the compression space should be arranged as close as possible to the valve seat 14. In the bypass 45 there is a check valve 47 which is closed when the pressure in the compression space 8 is greater than that Pressure in the chamber 11, and that opens at reverse pressure conditions. The bypass 45 has an effect which relieves the drive motor of the piston vacuum pump. Without a bypass, the piston generates a relatively high vacuum in the compression space 8 after the valve 12 is closed, which vacuum is not broken until the gas inlet 7 is opened. If the bypass 45 is present, gas from the chamber 11 enters the compression space 8 shortly after the valve 12 is closed. The valve 32 arranged on the crankshaft side can also be equipped with a relief bypass of this type.
Claims (15)
- Piston compressor with at least one cylinder (2), a piston (3) located therein, a gas inlet (7, 31) and an outlet valve (12, 32) situated at the front side, wherein the entire front side of the cylinder forms the valve disc (13, 33) of the outlet valve (12, 32), the edge of the cylinder (2) which is at the front side is formed as a valve seat (14, 42) and the piston (3) serves to operate the valve disc (13, 33), characterised in that the piston compressor is a vacuum pump (1), that the valve disc (13, 33) consists of a flexible material, and that the piston (3) comprises on its side which faces the valve disc (13, 33) or the valve disc (13, 33) comprises on its side which faces the piston (3) one or more projection(s) (17, 41) which is/are formed such that the piston (3) and the valve disc (13, 33) contact one another before reaching the piston dead centre.
- Compressor according to Claim 1, characterised in that the projection(s) (17, 41) is/are a component part of a coating (18) of the piston (3).
- Piston compressor with at least one cylinder (2), a piston (3) located therein, a gas inlet (7, 31) and an outlet valve (12, 32) situated at the front side, wherein the entire front side of the cylinder forms the valve disc (13, 33) of the outlet valve (12, 32), the edge of the cylinder (2) which is at the front side is formed as a valve seat (14, 42) and the piston (3) serves to operate the valve disc (13, 33), characterised in that the piston compressor is a vacuum pump (1), that the valve disc (13, 33) consists of a flexible material, and that the front side of the piston which faces the valve disc (13, 33) is concave or convex.
- Compressor according to any one of Claims 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that the valve (12) is associated with the front side (16) of the piston (3) which is remote from a crankshaft (5), that the valve disc (13) is formed approximately in the shape of a circular disc and is suspended by means of a support (21) from the associated cylinder head (4).
- Compressor according to Claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterised in that the support (21) consists of a flexible material.
- Compressor according to Claim 4 or 5, characterised in that the support (21) and the disc (13) are integral.
- Compressor according to Claim 4, 5 or 6, characterised in that the disc (13) is coated, and that the coating (19) and the support (21) are integral.
- Compressor according to Claim 4, characterised in that the support (21) is formed as a compression spring (23).
- Compressor according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the or a further valve (32) of this design is associated with the front side (28) of the piston (3) which faces a crankshaft (5).
- Compressor according to Claim 9, characterised in that the piston is provided at its front side which faces the crankshaft (5) with a stepped formation (27), that the stepped formation encompasses the front side (28) and a cylindrical portion (29), that the cylindrical portion (29) forms a lead-through for a connecting rod (6), that the valve disc (33) of the valve (32) is formed in the shape of a circular ring, and that the valve disc (33) is suspended by means of a support (36) from the associated cylinder head (37).
- Compressor according to Claim 10, characterised in that the support (36) is formed as a sleeve which surrounds the cylindrical portion (29) of the piston (3).
- Compressor according to Claim 10 or 11, characterised in that the valve disc (33) and the support (36) are integral.
- Compressor according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that a relief valve (47) is associated with at least one of the valves (12 and 32).
- Compressor according to Claim 13, characterised in that the relief valve (47) is located in a bypass (45) and formed as a non-return valve.
- Compressor according to Claim 14, characterised in that one (46) end of the bypass (47) leads into the wall of the cylinder (2).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19634517A DE19634517A1 (en) | 1996-08-27 | 1996-08-27 | Piston vacuum pump with outlet valve |
DE19634517 | 1996-08-27 | ||
PCT/EP1997/003042 WO1998009080A1 (en) | 1996-08-27 | 1997-06-12 | Piston vacuum pump with discharge valve |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0922166A1 EP0922166A1 (en) | 1999-06-16 |
EP0922166B1 true EP0922166B1 (en) | 2004-03-31 |
Family
ID=7803764
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97928176A Expired - Lifetime EP0922166B1 (en) | 1996-08-27 | 1997-06-12 | Piston vacuum pump with discharge valve |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0922166B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19634517A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998009080A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19917009A1 (en) | 1999-04-15 | 2000-10-19 | Leybold Vakuum Gmbh | Vacuum piston pump has gas inlet valve which is pressure controlled and installed so that it opens during suction stroke, and preferably during first phase of it |
EP1171711B1 (en) | 1999-04-19 | 2004-10-13 | LEYBOLD VACUUM GmbH | Oscillating piston drive mechanism |
AU3163200A (en) | 1999-04-19 | 2000-11-02 | Leybold Vakuum Gmbh | Oscillating piston drive |
DE19926186A1 (en) * | 1999-06-09 | 2000-12-14 | Leybold Vakuum Gmbh | Piston vacuum pump with outlet valve |
AUPQ489799A0 (en) * | 1999-12-24 | 2000-02-03 | Orbital Engine Company (Australia) Proprietary Limited | Improved fluid compressor |
KR100461233B1 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2004-12-14 | 삼성광주전자 주식회사 | Apparatus for compressing fluid |
KR100461232B1 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2004-12-14 | 삼성광주전자 주식회사 | Apparatus for compressing fluid |
DE10247336A1 (en) † | 2002-10-10 | 2004-04-22 | Pfeiffer Vacuum Gmbh | Piston machine for conveying gases |
DE10308421A1 (en) * | 2003-02-27 | 2004-09-09 | Leybold Vakuum Gmbh | Piston pump, preferably piston vacuum pump, with outlet valve |
DE10318735A1 (en) * | 2003-04-25 | 2004-11-11 | Leybold Vakuum Gmbh | Vacuum pump |
DE202010002145U1 (en) | 2010-02-09 | 2011-09-07 | Vacuubrand Gmbh + Co Kg | Diaphragm vacuum pump |
CN103352827A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-10-16 | 南通龙鹰真空泵业有限公司 | Reciprocating vacuum pump |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE7423295U (en) * | 1974-11-21 | Janssen Weets P | check valve | |
DE853366C (en) * | 1950-06-17 | 1952-10-23 | Karl Rud Dienes Fa | Automatic, spring-loaded valve |
US2751146A (en) * | 1951-10-29 | 1956-06-19 | Dalmo Victor Company | Air compressor |
GB829560A (en) * | 1956-03-09 | 1960-03-02 | Durabla Mfg Company | Improvements in valves for compressible fluids |
US3312388A (en) * | 1965-08-25 | 1967-04-04 | Stal Refrigeration Ab | Device for suction valves for reciprocating machinery |
DE2400257A1 (en) * | 1974-01-04 | 1975-07-17 | Aspa Zaklady Aparatury Spawaln | Automatic pressure valve for compressor - has inner surface of closure member below piston top dead centre when closed |
DE2412719A1 (en) * | 1974-03-16 | 1975-09-25 | Langen & Co | Open-top piston for hydraulic pump - contains cushioning plunger throttling flow to low pressure oil when piston near top dead centre |
EP0085687B1 (en) * | 1981-08-13 | 1988-11-09 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Reciprocatory piston and cylinder machine |
GB2132284B (en) * | 1982-12-17 | 1986-04-03 | Commw Scient Ind Res Org | Porting and ducting arrangement |
DE3710782A1 (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1988-10-20 | Vacuubrand Gmbh & Co | Method and device for pumping out vapours and/or vaporous mixtures and/or gas-vapour mixtures or similar media |
DE3909343A1 (en) * | 1989-03-22 | 1990-09-27 | Wabco Westinghouse Fahrzeug | PRESSURE VALVE FOR A COMPRESSOR |
US5076769A (en) * | 1990-07-16 | 1991-12-31 | The Dow Chemical Company | Double acting pump |
US5482443A (en) * | 1992-12-21 | 1996-01-09 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organization | Multistage vacuum pump |
US5346373A (en) * | 1993-06-17 | 1994-09-13 | White Consolidated Industries, Inc. | Refrigeration compressor having a spherical discharge valve |
-
1996
- 1996-08-27 DE DE19634517A patent/DE19634517A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1997
- 1997-06-12 DE DE59711474T patent/DE59711474D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-12 WO PCT/EP1997/003042 patent/WO1998009080A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-06-12 EP EP97928176A patent/EP0922166B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0922166A1 (en) | 1999-06-16 |
WO1998009080A1 (en) | 1998-03-05 |
DE59711474D1 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
DE19634517A1 (en) | 1998-03-05 |
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