EP0916436A1 - Monolithic, refractory, ceramic well brick - Google Patents
Monolithic, refractory, ceramic well brick Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0916436A1 EP0916436A1 EP98121035A EP98121035A EP0916436A1 EP 0916436 A1 EP0916436 A1 EP 0916436A1 EP 98121035 A EP98121035 A EP 98121035A EP 98121035 A EP98121035 A EP 98121035A EP 0916436 A1 EP0916436 A1 EP 0916436A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sections
- perforated brick
- perforated
- opening
- ceramic
- Prior art date
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 title 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011823 monolithic refractory Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011470 perforated brick Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011214 refractory ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/08—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like for bottom pouring
Definitions
- the invention relates to a monolithic refractory ceramic perforated brick with a first, upper end face and a second, lower end face, and one Through opening between the end faces.
- Such a perforated stone is used, for example, to accommodate one Gas purging stone.
- the through opening has - analogous to the shape of the gas purging plug - often one Truncated cone shape.
- Perforated stones of the type mentioned are also part of Slider locks known.
- perforated stone sleeves which, like the previously mentioned gas flushing stones, are summarized below under the term, have an essentially analogous structure to the mentioned perforated stones Lochstein "are subsumed.
- a perforated brick usually consists of one or more less dense ceramic matrix.
- the perforated brick can poured, pounded or pressed.
- the perforated brick is usually installed in a wall or a floor of a metallurgical melting vessel, for example a steel ladle.
- One (upper) end face of the perforated brick faces the molten metal. This end is also called that hot end ".
- the opposite end of the perforated brick, which is outside after installation, is the so-called cold end ".
- This uneven thermal stress often leads to horizontal cracks, i.e. cracks that run parallel to the end faces of the perforated brick. These cracks are usually at a distance of 5 to 20 cm from the hot end "of the perforated stone. As the perforated stone in particular towards the cold end "sintered only after a delay, the crack propagation is relatively fast and can take place until the Perforated stone head ", that is to say the section of the perforated stone facing the melt. A weakening of the cement bond can also be responsible for the crack formation and the progress of the crack in this thermally stressed region, provided that the perforated stone consists of a cement-bound mass.
- the invention is based on the object, one To offer perforated brick of the type mentioned, the less sensitive is against crack formation and its service life conventional perforated stones is improved.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that this Task to be solved in an incredibly simple way can, by the perforated stone - radial to the central longitudinal axis of the Through opening viewed - from different ceramic materials is built.
- a total monolithic, for example cast or stamped Perforated stone is available which includes ceramic Matrix material different sections (zones) different materials (types).
- a kind Composite body is formed, the individual layers (sections, zones), however, forming a monolithic body with one another and overall, although it is not excluded that interface regions are present between the individual zones (sections) even after sintering.
- the term refers overall monolithic body "insists that the individual zones (sections) are not separated from each other and next to each other, but complement each other to form a uniform, continuous body, a uniform, continuous matrix.
- the term physical properties includes, for example, thermal shock resistance, corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity, degree of sintering, density, or the like.
- a relatively dense layer follows one less dense layer in which a crack towards the dense layer runs, so the crack progress at Reaching the denser layer is interrupted spontaneously or slowed down.
- the invention relates to its most general Embodiment a monolithic ceramic perforated brick with a first, upper end face and a second, lower end face and a through opening between the end faces, made of its refractory ceramic matrix at least two, in the radial direction (perpendicular to the Center longitudinal axis of the through opening) side by side arranged sections from different ceramic Materials.
- the ceramic materials of the Sections in particular in their physical properties differentiate.
- the sections mentioned can be between the End faces run. Since the cracking - as stated - but especially in that of the first (upper) end face neighboring section is also observed, the mentioned sections in this area of the perforated brick to arrange and for example the lower part of the perforated brick (adjacent to the lower end face) continuously from and to design the same ceramic matrix material.
- Sections To effectively influence crack propagation should reach the minimum thickness (radial to Considered the central longitudinal axis of the through opening) mentioned sections are 1 cm. As a rule, the Sections have a thickness of several cm each.
- the sections can - in the direction of the central longitudinal axis of the Through opening viewed - straight (flat) surfaces exhibit.
- the sections are stepped between the end faces. On in this way there is an additional influence on a any crack propagation and its positive guidance at least in sections in the axial direction.
- a template for the Through opening and one or more self-supporting Separators used.
- These separators can for example, have a cylindrical shape. you will be spaced from the template for the through opening or to the inner walls of the mold and spaced arranged to each other. This way, different Zones formed, which then with different ceramic materials. It offers itself to use ceramic casting compounds, albeit for example, ramming compounds can also be used.
- the Separators After the mold has been filled in this way, the Separators, provided they are not made from a combustible Material exist, pulled out again so that the refractory ceramic materials in adjacent zones lie directly next to each other.
- Reference numeral 10 denotes a perforated brick all in all. Like every perforated brick, the ones in the Figures shown perforated stones a central Through opening 12, which here has a truncated cone shape and the later inclusion of a correspondingly shaped one Gas flushing stone is used. The central longitudinal axis of the Through opening 12 bears the reference number 14.
- the perforated stones 10 a square base, whose outer walls with 10a to d are marked.
- the perforated brick 10 consists of a monolithic Refractory ceramic body 16, which according to Figures 1, 2nd in two sub-zones 16.1 (adjacent to the passage opening 12) and 16.2 (adjacent to the outer walls 10a to d) is.
- zone 16.1 inside - is the shape of a truncated cone Outer wall of section 16.1 cylindrical.
- the border area to the outside is indicated by a dotted line Section 16.2 shown.
- Sections 16.1 and 16.2 are in fact immediate to each other and form a common, continuous, monolithic matrix.
- Figures 3, 4 differs differs from that of Figures 1, 2 in that the monolithic Body 16 is divided into a total of three zones here are marked with 16.1, 16.2 and 16.3.
- the perforated brick corresponds to the Figures 3, 4 essentially that of Figures 1, 2, wherein here however an additional interface between the Layers 16.2 and 16.3 is formed.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen monolithischen feuerfesten keramischen Lochstein mit einer ersten, oberen Stirnfläche und einer zweiten, unteren Stirnfläche, sowie einer Durchgangsöffnung zwischen den Stirnflächen.The invention relates to a monolithic refractory ceramic perforated brick with a first, upper end face and a second, lower end face, and one Through opening between the end faces.
Ein solcher Lochstein dient beispielsweise der Aufnahme eines Gasspülsteines. In diesem Fall weist die Durchgangsöffnung - analog der Form des Gasspülsteines - häufig eine Kegelstumpfform auf.Such a perforated stone is used, for example, to accommodate one Gas purging stone. In this case, the through opening has - analogous to the shape of the gas purging plug - often one Truncated cone shape.
Lochsteine der genannten Art sind auch als Bestandteile von Schieberverschlüssen bekannt. Perforated stones of the type mentioned are also part of Slider locks known.
Einen im wesentlichen analogen Aufbau zu den genannten
Lochsteinen zeigen auch sogenannte Lochsteinhülsen, die wie
die zuvor genannten Gasspülsteine, nachstehend zusammengefaßt
unter den Begriff 
Üblicherweise besteht ein Lochstein aus einer mehr oder weniger dichten keramischen Matrix. Der Lochstein kann gegossen, gestampft oder gepreßt sein.A perforated brick usually consists of one or more less dense ceramic matrix. The perforated brick can poured, pounded or pressed.
Der Lochstein wird in eine Wand oder einen Boden eines
metallurgischen Schmelzgefäßes, beispielsweise eine
Stahlgießpfanne, eingebaut, meist eingemörtelt. Die eine
(obere) Stirnfläche des Lochsteines ist entsprechend der
Metallschmelze zugewandt. Dieses Ende wird auch als das
Im Betrieb kommt es entsprechend zwischen dem
Durch diese ungleichmäßige thermische Beanspruchung kommt es
häufig zu horizontalen Rissen, also Rissen, die parallel zu
den Stirnflächen des Lochsteines verlaufen. Diese Risse
werden meist im Abstand von 5 bis 20 cm vom
Neben diesen horizontalen Rissen werden auch vertikale Risse
(also parallel zur Mittenlängsachse der Durchgangsöffnung)
beobachtet, die sich meist als sogenannte
In jedem Fall kommt es zu einer erheblichen Verkürzung der Standzeit des Lochsteines.In any case, the Service life of the perforated brick.
Insbesondere bei gegossenen Lochsteinen hat man versucht, durch Zusatz von Stahlnadeln die Standzeit zu verlängern. Die Wirkung der Stahlnadeln, die als diskrete Elemente vereinzelt im Matrixmaterial vorliegen, ist jedoch allenfalls sehr gering.With cast perforated bricks in particular, attempts have been made to to extend the service life by adding steel needles. The Effect of steel needles, which are isolated as discrete elements is present in the matrix material, but is at best very low.
Der Erfindung liegt insoweit die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Lochstein der genannten Art anzubieten, der unempfindlicher gegen eine Rißbildung ist und dessen Standzeit gegenüber konventionellen Lochsteinen verbessert ist.The invention is based on the object, one To offer perforated brick of the type mentioned, the less sensitive is against crack formation and its service life conventional perforated stones is improved.
Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, daß diese Aufgabe auf verblüffend einfache Weise dadurch gelöst werden kann, indem der Lochstein - radial zur Mittenlängsachse der Durchgangsöffnung betrachtet - aus unterschiedlichen keramischen Werkstoffen aufgebaut wird. Obwohl insgesamt ein monolithischer, beispielsweise gegossener oder gestampfter Lochstein zur Verfügung steht umfaßt das keramische Matrixmaterial unterschiedliche Abschnitte (Zonen) aus unterschiedlichen Werkstoffen (Sorten).The invention is based on the knowledge that this Task to be solved in an amazingly simple way can, by the perforated stone - radial to the central longitudinal axis of the Through opening viewed - from different ceramic materials is built. Although a total monolithic, for example cast or stamped Perforated stone is available which includes ceramic Matrix material different sections (zones) different materials (types).
Konkret bedeutet dies, daß zwischen der Durchgangsöffnung und der oder den Außenwänden des Lochsteins ein erster Abschnitt aus einem keramischen Werkstoff A angeordnet ist, dem ein zweiter Abschnitt aus einem keramischen Werkstoff B folgt. Dieser kann sich bis zu den Außenwänden des Lochsteins erstrecken oder beispielsweise von einem dritten Abschnitt gefolgt werden, der wiederum aus dem Werkstoff A oder einer dritten Sorte C besteht.Specifically, this means that between the through opening and a first section of the outer walls of the perforated brick is arranged from a ceramic material A, the one second section made of a ceramic material B follows. This can extend up to the outer walls of the perforated brick extend or for example from a third section be followed, which in turn from material A or one third variety C.
Im Ergebnis wird eine Art
Die unterschiedlichen Werkstoffe haben jedoch zur Folge, daß innerhalb der entsprechenden Zonen auch unterschiedliche physikalische Eigenschaften eingestellt werden können, die in Hinblick auf das genannte Rißverhalten der Lochsteine von wesentlicher Bedeutung sind.However, the different materials have the consequence that also different within the corresponding zones physical properties that can be set in With regard to the crack behavior of the perforated bricks from are essential.
Dabei geht es insbesondere um die physikalischen Eigenschaften der entsprechenden keramischen Werkstoffe beziehungsweise daraus gebildeten Abschnitte.It is particularly about the physical Properties of the corresponding ceramic materials or sections formed therefrom.
Der Begriff
Folgt beispielsweise eine relativ dichte Schicht einer weniger dichten Schicht, in der ein Riß in Richtung auf die dichte Schicht verläuft, so wird der Rißfortschritt bei Erreichen der dichteren Schicht spontan unterbrochen beziehungsweise verlangsamt.For example, a relatively dense layer follows one less dense layer in which a crack towards the dense layer runs, so the crack progress at Reaching the denser layer is interrupted spontaneously or slowed down.
Folgt zum Beispiel eine Schicht, die bereits bei 900°C
sintert, einer Schicht, die erst bei 1.100°C sintert, so ist
offensichtlich, daß sich ein Riß, der sich beispielsweise bei
einer Temperatur von 1.000°C in diesem Bereich bildet,
relativ leicht durch die noch
Danach betrifft die Erfindung in ihrer allgemeinsten Ausführungsform einen monolithischen keramischen Lochstein mit einer ersten, oberen Stirnfläche und einer zweiten, unteren Stirnfläche sowie einer Durchgangsöffnung zwischen den Stirnflächen, dessen feuerfeste keramische Matrix aus mindestens zwei, in Radialrichtung (senkrecht zur Mittenlängsachse der Durchgangsöffnung) nebeneinander angeordneten Abschnitten aus unterschiedlichen keramischen Werkstoffen besteht.Thereafter, the invention relates to its most general Embodiment a monolithic ceramic perforated brick with a first, upper end face and a second, lower end face and a through opening between the end faces, made of its refractory ceramic matrix at least two, in the radial direction (perpendicular to the Center longitudinal axis of the through opening) side by side arranged sections from different ceramic Materials.
Wie ausgeführt können sich die keramischen Werkstoffe der Abschnitte insbesondere in ihren physikalischen Eigenschaften unterscheiden.As stated, the ceramic materials of the Sections in particular in their physical properties differentiate.
Da die Rißbildung und der Rißfortschritt maßgeblich von dem jeweiligen Gefüge des keramischen Materials abhängt sieht eine Ausführungsform vor, die Abschnitte aus keramischen Werkstoffen auszubilden, die ein unterschiedliches Gefüge aufweisen oder unter Temperatureinwirkung ein unterschiedliches Gefüge ausbilden.Since the crack formation and the crack progress significantly from that depends on the respective structure of the ceramic material an embodiment before, the sections of ceramic Form materials that have a different structure exhibit or under the influence of temperature develop different structures.
Die genannten Abschnitte können durchgehend zwischen den Stirnflächen verlaufen. Da die Rißbildung - wie ausgeführt - jedoch insbesondere in dem der ersten (oberen) Stirnfläche benachbarten Abschnitt beobachtet wird genügt es auch, die genannten Abschnitte in diesem Bereich des Lochsteines anzuordnen und beispielsweise den unteren Teil des Lochsteins (der unteren Stirnfläche benachbart) durchgehend aus ein und demselben keramischen Matrixmaterial zu gestalten. The sections mentioned can be between the End faces run. Since the cracking - as stated - but especially in that of the first (upper) end face neighboring section is also observed, the mentioned sections in this area of the perforated brick to arrange and for example the lower part of the perforated brick (adjacent to the lower end face) continuously from and to design the same ceramic matrix material.
Um eine effektive Beeinflussung des Rißfortschritts zu erreichen sollte die Mindestdicke (radial zur Mittenlängsachse der Durchgangsöffnung betrachtet) der genannten Abschnitte 1 cm betragen. In der Regel werden die Abschnitte eine Dicke von jeweils mehreren cm aufweisen.To effectively influence crack propagation should reach the minimum thickness (radial to Considered the central longitudinal axis of the through opening) mentioned sections are 1 cm. As a rule, the Sections have a thickness of several cm each.
Die Abschnitte können - in Richtung der Mittenlängsachse der Durchgangsöffnung betrachtet - gerade (plane) Oberflächen aufweisen.The sections can - in the direction of the central longitudinal axis of the Through opening viewed - straight (flat) surfaces exhibit.
Nach einer Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, daß die Abschnitte zwischen den Stirnflächen stufenartig ausgebildet sind. Auf diese Weise erfolgt eine zusätzliche Beeinflussung eines etwaigen Rißfortschritts und dessen Zwangsführung zumindest abschnittweise in Axialrichtung.According to one embodiment it is provided that the sections are stepped between the end faces. On in this way there is an additional influence on a any crack propagation and its positive guidance at least in sections in the axial direction.
Die Herstellung eines Lochsteins der genannten Art kann wie folgt vorgenommen werden:The production of a perforated brick of the type mentioned can be as can be done as follows:
In eine Lochsteinform werden eine Schablone für die Durchgangsöffnung sowie eine oder mehrere selbsttragende Trennelemente eingesetzt. Diese Trennelemente können beispielsweise eine Zylinderform aufweisen. Sie werden beabstandet zur Schablone für die Durchgangsöffnung beziehungsweise zu den Innenwänden der Form und beabstandet zueinander angeordnet. Auf diese Weise werden verschiedene Zonen ausgebildet, die anschließend mit unterschiedlichen keramischen Werkstoffen verfüllt werden. Dabei bietet es sich an, keramische Gießmassen zu verwenden, wenngleich beispielsweise auch Stampfmassen eingesetzt werden können. In a perforated stone form, a template for the Through opening and one or more self-supporting Separators used. These separators can for example, have a cylindrical shape. you will be spaced from the template for the through opening or to the inner walls of the mold and spaced arranged to each other. This way, different Zones formed, which then with different ceramic materials. It offers itself to use ceramic casting compounds, albeit for example, ramming compounds can also be used.
Der chemisch mineralogische Aufbau der Massen ist praktisch beliebig; entscheidend ist nur, daß unterschiedliche Massen in benachbarten Abschnitten (Zonen) eingefüllt werden.The chemical mineralogical structure of the masses is practical any; the only decisive thing is that different masses in neighboring sections (zones).
Nachdem die Form auf diese Weise gefüllt wurde werden die Trennelemente, sofern sie nicht aus einem verbrennbaren Material bestehen, wieder herausgezogen, so daß die feuerfesten keramischen Werkstoffe benachbarter Zonen unmittelbar aneinander liegen.After the mold has been filled in this way, the Separators, provided they are not made from a combustible Material exist, pulled out again so that the refractory ceramic materials in adjacent zones lie directly next to each other.
Sobald der Lochstein eine ausreichende Grünstandfestigkeit erreicht hat kann er entformt und auf bekannte Art und Weise weiterbearbeitet beziehungsweise eingesetzt werden.As soon as the perforated stone has sufficient green stability has been removed from the mold and in a known manner processed or used.
Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Merkmalen der Unteransprüche sowie den sonstigen Anmeldungsunterlagen.Further features of the invention result from the features of the subclaims and the other registration documents.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand verschiedener Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert.The invention is illustrated below with the aid of various Exemplary embodiments explained in more detail.
Dabei zeigen - jeweils in schematisierter Darstellung -
- Figur 1:
- einen vertikalen Längsschnitt durch eine erste Ausführungsform eines Lochsteins,
- Figur 2:
- eine Aufsicht auf den Lochstein nach Figur 1,
- Figur 3:
- einen vertikalen Längsschnitt durch eine zweite Ausführungsform eines Lochsteins,
- Figur 4:
- eine Aufsicht auf den Lochstein nach Figur 3.
- Figure 1:
- 2 shows a vertical longitudinal section through a first embodiment of a perforated brick,
- Figure 2:
- 2 shows a top view of the perforated brick according to FIG. 1,
- Figure 3:
- a vertical longitudinal section through a second embodiment of a perforated brick,
- Figure 4:
- a top view of the perforated brick according to Figure 3.
In den Figuren sind gleiche oder gleichwirkende Bauteile mit gleichen Bezugsziffern dargestellt.In the figures, the same or equivalent components are included the same reference numerals.
Dabei bezeichnet die Bezugsziffer 10 einen Lochstein
insgesamt. Wie jeder Lochstein so umfassen auch die in den
Figuren dargestellten Lochsteine eine mittige
Durchgangsöffnung 12, die hier eine Kegelstumpfform aufweist
und der späteren Aufnahme eines korrespondierend geformten
Gasspülsteins dient. Die Mittenlängsachse der
Durchgangsöffnung 12 trägt das Bezugszeichen 14.
Wie sich aus den Figuren 2, 4 ergibt weisen die Lochsteine 10 eine quadratische Grundfläche auf, deren Außenwände mit 10a bis d gekennzeichnet sind.As can be seen from FIGS. 2, 4, the perforated stones 10 a square base, whose outer walls with 10a to d are marked.
Zwischen der Durchgangsöffnung 12 und den Außenwänden 10a bis
d besteht der Lochstein 10 aus einem monolithischen
feuerfesten keramischen Körper 16, der gemäß den Figuren 1, 2
in zwei Teilzonen 16.1 (der Durchgangsöffnung 12 benachbart)
und 16.2 (den Außenwänden 10a bis d benachbart) unterteilt
ist.Between the through
Während die Zone 16.1 innenseitig - entsprechend der Form der Durchgangsöffnung 12 - kegelstumpfartig verläuft ist die Außenwand des Abschnittes 16.1 zylindrisch. While the zone 16.1 inside - according to the shape of the Through opening 12 - is the shape of a truncated cone Outer wall of section 16.1 cylindrical.
Durch eine punktierte Linie ist der Grenzbereich zum äußeren Abschnitt 16.2 dargestellt.The border area to the outside is indicated by a dotted line Section 16.2 shown.
Tatsächlich liegen die Abschnitte 16.1 und 16.2 unmittelbar aneinander und bilden eine gemeinsame, durchgehende, monolithische Matrix.Sections 16.1 and 16.2 are in fact immediate to each other and form a common, continuous, monolithic matrix.
Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel (Figuren 1, 2) besteht der Abschnitt 16.1 aus einem feuerfesten keramischen Werkstoff, der bei 1.100°C sintert, während der äußere Abschnitt 16.2 aus einem keramischen feuerfesten Werkstoff besteht, der bereits bei 900°C sintert.In the illustrated embodiment (Figures 1, 2) section 16.1 made of a refractory ceramic Material that sinters at 1,100 ° C while the outer one Section 16.2 made of a ceramic refractory material exists that sinters at 900 ° C.
Bildet sich - wie schematisch in Figur 1 eingezeichnet - von
der Innenwand des Abschnitts 16.1 ein Riß 18 aus (senkrecht
zur Mittenlängsachse 14 der Durchgangsöffnung 12), so
erreicht der Riß 18 zu einer gegebenen Zeit die Grenzfläche
zum Abschnitt 16.2.Forms - as shown schematically in Figure 1 - of
a crack 18 from the inner wall of section 16.1 (vertical
to the central
Geht man davon aus, daß zu diesem Zeitpunkt im Bereich des Risses 18 eine Temperatur von beispielsweise 1.000°C herrscht, so bedeutet dies, daß die Schicht 16.1 noch nicht gesintert ist, während die Schicht 16.2 bereits gesintert ist. Folglich kann sich der Riß 18 nicht ohne weiteres in der Schicht 16.2 fortsetzen; vielmehr wird er im Grenzbereich zwischen den Schichten 16.1 und 16.2 gestoppt. Entweder endet der Riß dann hier oder er setzt sich allenfalls mit verzögerter Geschwindigkeit in der äußeren Schicht 16.2 fort. If one assumes that at this point in the area of Cracks 18 a temperature of, for example, 1,000 ° C prevails, this means that layer 16.1 is not yet is sintered while layer 16.2 is already sintered is. Consequently, the crack 18 can not easily in the Continue layer 16.2; rather it becomes in the border area stopped between layers 16.1 and 16.2. Either ends then the crack here, or at best it settles decelerated speed in the outer layer 16.2.
Das Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren 3, 4 unterscheidet
sich von dem der Figuren 1, 2 dadurch, daß der monolithische
Körper 16 hier in insgesamt drei Zonen unterteilt ist, die
mit 16.1, 16.2 und 16.3 gekennzeichnet sind.The embodiment of Figures 3, 4 differs
differs from that of Figures 1, 2 in that the
Dabei bestehen die Schichten 16.1 (der Durchgangsöffnung 12 benachbart) und 16.3 (den Außenwänden 10a bis d benachbart) aus demselben keramischen Werkstoff, während die dazwischen angeordnete, zylindrische Schicht 16.2 aus einer anderen feuerfesten Masse besteht.Layers 16.1 (through opening 12 adjacent) and 16.3 (adjacent the outer walls 10a to d) of the same ceramic material while the one in between arranged, cylindrical layer 16.2 from another refractory mass.
Bezüglich des Rißverhaltens entspricht der Lochstein nach den Figuren 3, 4 im wesentlichen dem nach den Figuren 1, 2, wobei hier jedoch eine zusätzliche Grenzfläche zwischen den Schichten 16.2 und 16.3 ausgebildet wird.Regarding the crack behavior, the perforated brick corresponds to the Figures 3, 4 essentially that of Figures 1, 2, wherein here however an additional interface between the Layers 16.2 and 16.3 is formed.
Selbstverständlich ist es zur weiteren Optimierung möglich, die Schicht 16.3 aus einer anderen feuerfesten Sorte als die der Schicht 16.1 auszubilden.Of course, for further optimization it is possible layer 16.3 of a different refractory grade than that of layer 16.1.
Neben den dargestellten Ausführungsformen ist es möglich, beispielsweise die Außenwand der Schicht 16.1 nach dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 1 auch anders zu gestalten.In addition to the illustrated embodiments, it is possible for example, the outer wall of layer 16.1 after To design the embodiment of Figure 1 differently.
So kann die Außenwand zwischen der oberen Stirnfläche 20 des
Lochsteins 10 und der unteren Stirnfläche 22 auch stufenartig
ausgebildet werden.So the outer wall between the upper end face 20 of the
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19750039 | 1997-11-12 | ||
| DE19750039A DE19750039C1 (en) | 1997-11-12 | 1997-11-12 | Monolithic refractory hole block |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0916436A1 true EP0916436A1 (en) | 1999-05-19 |
| EP0916436B1 EP0916436B1 (en) | 2003-10-22 |
Family
ID=7848437
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98121035A Expired - Lifetime EP0916436B1 (en) | 1997-11-12 | 1998-11-05 | Monolithic, refractory, ceramic well brick |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0916436B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE252431T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19750039C1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2209037T3 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005061291A1 (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2007-06-28 | Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. | Ceramic perforated brick and metallurgical vessel |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1451548A (en) * | 1974-03-29 | 1976-10-06 | Zirconal Processes Ltd | Discharge of metal from casting ladles |
| EP0135482A1 (en) * | 1983-07-27 | 1985-03-27 | VESUVIUS ITALIA S.p.A. | Improved nozzles for casting aluminium-killed steels |
| JPS62158562A (en) * | 1986-01-06 | 1987-07-14 | Harima Refract Co Ltd | Nozzle for low-temperature casting of molten steel |
| EP0352353A1 (en) * | 1988-07-28 | 1990-01-31 | INTRACON Handelsgesellschaft für Industriebedarf mbH | Ladle nozzle brick for a closure device of a ladle |
-
1997
- 1997-11-12 DE DE19750039A patent/DE19750039C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-11-05 AT AT98121035T patent/ATE252431T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-11-05 EP EP98121035A patent/EP0916436B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-05 ES ES98121035T patent/ES2209037T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-05 DE DE59809963T patent/DE59809963D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1451548A (en) * | 1974-03-29 | 1976-10-06 | Zirconal Processes Ltd | Discharge of metal from casting ladles |
| EP0135482A1 (en) * | 1983-07-27 | 1985-03-27 | VESUVIUS ITALIA S.p.A. | Improved nozzles for casting aluminium-killed steels |
| JPS62158562A (en) * | 1986-01-06 | 1987-07-14 | Harima Refract Co Ltd | Nozzle for low-temperature casting of molten steel |
| EP0352353A1 (en) * | 1988-07-28 | 1990-01-31 | INTRACON Handelsgesellschaft für Industriebedarf mbH | Ladle nozzle brick for a closure device of a ladle |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 011, no. 392 (M - 653) 22 December 1987 (1987-12-22) * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005061291A1 (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2007-06-28 | Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. | Ceramic perforated brick and metallurgical vessel |
| EP1820586A1 (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2007-08-22 | Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. | Refractory nozzle and metallurgical vessel equiped with it |
| DE102005061291B4 (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2008-01-03 | Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. | Ceramic perforated brick and metallurgical vessel |
| US8017069B2 (en) | 2005-12-20 | 2011-09-13 | Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. | Ceramic seating stone and metallurgical vessel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19750039C1 (en) | 1998-09-03 |
| ES2209037T3 (en) | 2004-06-16 |
| EP0916436B1 (en) | 2003-10-22 |
| ATE252431T1 (en) | 2003-11-15 |
| DE59809963D1 (en) | 2003-11-27 |
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