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EP0911585B1 - Cooled flameholder with fuel injection device - Google Patents

Cooled flameholder with fuel injection device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0911585B1
EP0911585B1 EP98402599A EP98402599A EP0911585B1 EP 0911585 B1 EP0911585 B1 EP 0911585B1 EP 98402599 A EP98402599 A EP 98402599A EP 98402599 A EP98402599 A EP 98402599A EP 0911585 B1 EP0911585 B1 EP 0911585B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
external
fuel
passage
casing
afterburner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98402599A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0911585A1 (en
Inventor
Frédéric Bruno Beule
Michel André Albert Desaulty
Eric Charles Louis Le Letty
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Original Assignee
SNECMA Moteurs SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0911585A1 publication Critical patent/EP0911585A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/16—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration with devices inside the flame tube or the combustion chamber to influence the air or gas flow
    • F23R3/18—Flame stabilising means, e.g. flame holders for after-burners of jet-propulsion plants
    • F23R3/20—Flame stabilising means, e.g. flame holders for after-burners of jet-propulsion plants incorporating fuel injection means

Definitions

  • an afterburner for a turbofan engine comprising an external annular casing having a sensitive revolution axis, an exhaust casing contained in the interior of said external casing, comprising an external annular wall and an internal annular wall, each having the same axis of revolution as the external casing, and delimiting with it a first passage for the flow of secondary air, the external annular wall and the internal annular wall delimiting between them a second passage for the flow of the combustion gases
  • this afterburner also comprising an annular afterburner wall having the same axis of revolution as the external casing, disposed inside the external casing in being separated by a determined distance so as to provide a passage for cooling air and delimits t an afterburner chamber downstream of the first and second passages, flame catching arms extending in radial planes relative to said axis, at least inside the second passage, and each being shaped as a dihedral, delimited by two external plates having a common edge
  • the ventilation tube described in this document has a circular section, is arranged in the vicinity of the edge of the dihedron and has orifices for cooling the wings of the dihedron.
  • An anti-radiation screen is arranged downstream of the fuel line, between the downstream edges of the dihedral, with provision for lateral axial slots for the flow of the air-fuel mixture in the afterburner chamber.
  • the fuel pipe injection holes consist of holes arranged in substantially radial planes and directed towards the internal walls of the dihedron. This flame catch is said to be carburetted.
  • French patent application published under No. 2,696,502 shows radial flame catchers also made up of dihedrons and comprising a ventilation tube for cooling the dihedron.
  • the flame holder does not include either a fuel pipe or an anti-radiation screen.
  • the fuel is here injected upstream of the flame catchers by fuel conduits arranged laterally on the link arms arranged alternately between the flame catchers.
  • the injected fuel trickles onto the external walls of the flame catchers.
  • the cross-section of the ventilation tube is larger than that of the cylindrical tube of FR 2 709 342, which ensures better cooling of the walls of the dihedral, but the fuel lines are exposed to the heat of the combustion gases, which can cause dysfunctions due to the risks of coking and "vapor-lock".
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an afterburner in which the flame catchers are of the fuel type and combine the qualities of the two preceding definitions.
  • the invention achieves its object by optimizing the aerodynamic cooling device of each flame holder.
  • the ventilation tube is of generally triangular section and has two lateral faces substantially parallel to the external plates and a downstream face which has a radial gutter in which houses the fuel conduit, a plurality of orifices. additional directed towards the fuel conduit being provided in the wall of said gutter to ensure ventilation of the fuel conduit, the latter injecting the fuel downstream.
  • the flow section of the ventilation tube is greater than the circular section of the ventilation tube described in FR 2 709 342.
  • the cooling air flow is increased and the external plates of the dihedron are impact-cooled. by air passing through the openings opening on the lateral faces of the ventilation tubes.
  • the gutter holes blow air onto the fuel line in all operating ranges of the turbojet engine, which prevents the risks of coking and "vapor-lock", and promotes the thermal behavior of the fuel line in operation dry, i.e. in the event of the afterburner not working.
  • the position of the orifices, but also the shape of the ventilation tube of the flame catcher are best suited to ensure good ventilation of the walls of the dihedral and the fuel line.
  • the fuel line is equipped with aeromechanical injectors.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to obtain a good quality of spraying and to control the extent of the cone of diffusion of the fuel droplets and this in order to avoid any risk of impact on the external plates of the dihedron of the heating system.
  • Figure 1 shows in section a fuel type flame catcher, similar to that described in the patent application published under the number FR 2 709 342, arranged radially in the stream of hot gases flowing from upstream to downstream in the direction arrow G, which comprises a sheet folded in the form of a V-shaped dihedral in order to present two side plates 2, 3 connected by a rounded edge 4 disposed upstream relative to the general direction of flow of the hot gases G, and which further comprises a multi-perforated ventilation tube 5 of circular section disposed between the side plates 2, 3 in the vicinity of the edge 4, a fuel duct 6 downstream of the ventilation tube 5 and an radiation shield 7 which has a concave surface downstream and which connects the edges 8, 9 downstream of the side plates 2 and 3 by providing lateral slots 10, 11 for the evacuation of the air-fuel mixture.
  • the ventilation tube 5 has orifices 12 for blowing fresh air from the blower towards the plates 2, 3 and the edge 4.
  • the orifices 13 of the fuel line 6 inject a flow of fuel 14 towards the side slots 10, 11.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section of a flame catch 1 ', of the non-fuel type, as described in the French patent application published under the number 2 696 502.
  • the flame catch 1' is also in the form a dihedral having two side plates 2 ', 3' connected by a rounded edge 4 'oriented upstream relative to the general axial direction G of the flow of hot gases.
  • An axial ventilation tube 5 ' is disposed between the side plates 2', 3 '.
  • This tube 5 ' has a generally triangular section whose side faces 15, 16 are parallel and close to the side plates 2', 3 'and have orifices 12' which breathe in fresh air taken from the passage of secondary air. from the blower at the head of the ventilation tube 5 'against the internal faces of the dihedral.
  • the downstream face of the ventilation tube 5 ′ is concave and has orifices 18 for injecting fresh air downstream into the afterburner chamber 19.
  • the turbofan and post-combustion turbojet shown partially in Figure 3 comprises an annular outer casing 20, of axis of revolution 21, an exhaust casing 22 of the combustion gases having passed through the blades of the turbo-reactor and circulating upstream downstream in the direction of arrow G, and an afterburner 23 downstream of the exhaust casing 22.
  • the exhaust casing 22 is contained inside the external casing 20 and delimits, with the latter, a first passage 24 in which secondary air S from the blower flows.
  • the exhaust casing 22 is constituted by an external annular wall 25 of axis 21 and an internal annular wall 26 also of axis 21.
  • the exhaust casing 22, the external wall 25 and the internal wall 26 are interconnected by rods or by radial link arms not shown in the drawing.
  • the outer wall 25 and the inner wall 26 define between them a second passage 27 for the flow of gases from the combustion.
  • Flame catching arms 30, which extend radially obliquely towards the combustion chamber 20 are arranged at the limit of the exhaust casing 22 and the afterburner chamber 23. Each flame catching arm 30 extends substantially in a radial plane containing axis 21.
  • Each flame catching arm 30 has a head portion 31 which passes through the first passage 24 and which supports downstream a burner ring 32 of annular shape with an axis 21 connected by a fuel line 33 to a fuel supply 33a, and a main body 34 which extends inside the second passage 27 and which is the subject of the present invention.
  • the main body 34 is shaped according to a dihedral having a V-shaped section whose apex of the angle is oriented upstream, the branches of the V being oriented downstream with respect to the general direction G of the flow of hot gases. It comprises two external plates 35, 36 having a common edge 37 of rounded shape.
  • a ventilation tube 38 extends over the entire height of the main body 34. This tube 38 is open at its end remote from the axis 21 in order to allow a withdrawal of a cooling air flow R in the first passage 24, and is closed at its lower end. Over its entire length, it has a plurality of orifices for the evacuation of the air taken from the tube 38.
  • This ventilation tube 38 has a generally triangular section, and it has two side walls 39, 40 substantially parallel to the external plates 35, 36, arranged a short distance from the latter in order to cool the external plates 39, 40 vigorously through the orifices. 41.
  • the downstream face 42 of the ventilation tube which is directed towards the interior of the afterburner chamber 23 has a convex shape and it has a gutter 43, of open U-shaped section in which two fuel conduits 44, 45 are arranged. radial, fueled.
  • In the wall delimiting the gutter 42 are provided orifices 46 which supply cooling air to the fuel conduits 44, 45.
  • the fuel conduits 44, 45 comprise aeromechanical injectors 47 which inject fuel downstream to the afterburner chamber 23.
  • the aeromechanical injectors 47 make it possible to obtain good spray quality and to control the magnitude of the droplet diffusion cone in order to avoid any risk of impact on the V-shaped dihedral of the flame catcher 30.
  • the ventilation tube 38 of the flame catcher 30 acts as a structural core and as a supply duct for an air flow R coming from the blower.
  • the air flow R is supplied throughout the operating range of the turbojet engine in order to prevent the risks of coking and vapor-lock both in heating mode and in dry operation.
  • the shape of the ventilation tube 38 as well as the position of the orifices 41 and 46 are best suited to ensure the thermal integrity of the injectors.
  • the arrangement proposed by the invention thus makes it possible to ensure the thermal integrity of the walls of the dihedral and of the carburetion system both in dry operation and with heating. It also makes it possible to eliminate the injection members placed in the primary flow in the case of the use of non-fuel type flame catchers, hence greater operational reliability by preventing the risks of backfire.
  • the proposed solution also makes it possible to use composite materials to produce the dihedral, thereby saving weight.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

On connaît déjà, par exemple par la demande de brevet français publiée sous le numéro 2 709 342, un dispositif de postcombustion pour turboréacteur à double flux comportant un carter annulaire externe possédant un axe de sensible révolution, un carter d'échappement contenu à l'intérieur dudit carter externe, comprenant une paroi annulaire externe et une paroi annulaire interne, ayant chacune le même axe de révolution que le carter externe, et délimitant avec lui un premier passage pour l'écoulement d'un air secondaire, la paroi annulaire externe et la paroi annulaire interne délimitant entre elles un deuxième passage pour l'écoulement des gaz de combustion, ce dispositif de postcombustion comprenant également une paroi de postcombustion annulaire ayant le même axe de révolution que le carter externe, disposée à l'intérieur du carter externe en étant écartée d'une distance déterminée de manière à ménager un passage d'air de refroidissement et délimitant une chambre de postcombustion en aval des premier et deuxième passages, des bras accroche-flamme s'étendant dans des plans radiaux par rapport audit axe, au moins à l'intérieur du deuxième passage, et étant conformés chacun en un dièdre, délimité par deux plaques externes ayant une arête commune, et ayant une section externe en V dont la pointe est orientée vers l'amont par rapport au sens axial général d'écoulement desdits gaz de combustion, chaque accroche-flamme comportant en outre un tube de ventilation multiperforé pour le refroidissement des plaques externes par un air de refroidissement prélevé dans le premier passage et au moins un conduit radial de carburant muni d'orifices d'injection de carburant.Already known, for example from the French patent application published under the number 2 709 342, an afterburner for a turbofan engine comprising an external annular casing having a sensitive revolution axis, an exhaust casing contained in the interior of said external casing, comprising an external annular wall and an internal annular wall, each having the same axis of revolution as the external casing, and delimiting with it a first passage for the flow of secondary air, the external annular wall and the internal annular wall delimiting between them a second passage for the flow of the combustion gases, this afterburner also comprising an annular afterburner wall having the same axis of revolution as the external casing, disposed inside the external casing in being separated by a determined distance so as to provide a passage for cooling air and delimits t an afterburner chamber downstream of the first and second passages, flame catching arms extending in radial planes relative to said axis, at least inside the second passage, and each being shaped as a dihedral, delimited by two external plates having a common edge, and having an external V-shaped section the point of which is oriented upstream with respect to the general axial direction of flow of said combustion gases, each flame catcher further comprising a multi-perforated ventilation tube for cooling the external plates by cooling air taken from the first passage and at least one radial fuel duct provided with fuel injection orifices.

Le tube de ventilation décrit dans ce document a une section circulaire, est disposé au voisinage de l'arête du dièdre et comporte des orifices pour refroidir les ailes du dièdre. Un écran anti-rayonnement, de section semi-circulaire est disposé en aval du conduit de carburant, entre les bords aval du dièdre, avec prévision de fentes axiales latérales pour l'écoulement du mélange air-carburant dans la chambre de postcombustion. Les orifices d'injection du conduit de carburant sont constitués de trous disposés dans des plans sensiblement radiaux et dirigés vers les parois internes du dièdre. Cet accroche-flamme est dit carburé.The ventilation tube described in this document has a circular section, is arranged in the vicinity of the edge of the dihedron and has orifices for cooling the wings of the dihedron. An anti-radiation screen, of semi-circular section, is arranged downstream of the fuel line, between the downstream edges of the dihedral, with provision for lateral axial slots for the flow of the air-fuel mixture in the afterburner chamber. The fuel pipe injection holes consist of holes arranged in substantially radial planes and directed towards the internal walls of the dihedron. This flame catch is said to be carburetted.

La demande de brevet français publiée sous le n° 2 696 502 montre des accroche-flamme radiaux constitués également de dièdres et comportant un tube de ventilation pour le refroidissement du dièdre. Dans ce dernier document l'accroche-flamme ne comporte ni un conduit de carburant, ni un écran anti-rayonnement. Le carburant est ici injecté en amont des accroche-flamme par des conduits de carburant disposés latéralement sur les bras de liaison disposés en alternance entre les accroche-flamme. Le carburant injecté ruisselle sur les parois externes des accroche-flamme. La section du tube de ventilation est plus grande que celle du tube cylindrique de FR 2 709 342, ce qui assure un meilleur refroidissement des parois du dièdre, mais les conduits de carburant sont exposés à la chaleur des gaz de combustion, ce qui peut entraîner des disfonctions par suite des risques de cokéfaction et de "vapor-lock".French patent application published under No. 2,696,502 shows radial flame catchers also made up of dihedrons and comprising a ventilation tube for cooling the dihedron. In this last document, the flame holder does not include either a fuel pipe or an anti-radiation screen. The fuel is here injected upstream of the flame catchers by fuel conduits arranged laterally on the link arms arranged alternately between the flame catchers. The injected fuel trickles onto the external walls of the flame catchers. The cross-section of the ventilation tube is larger than that of the cylindrical tube of FR 2 709 342, which ensures better cooling of the walls of the dihedral, but the fuel lines are exposed to the heat of the combustion gases, which can cause dysfunctions due to the risks of coking and "vapor-lock".

Un autre dispositif de postcombustion est connu du document US-A-5 396 761.Another afterburner is known from document US-A-5,396,761.

Le but de la présente invention est de proposer un dispositif de postcombustion dans lequel les accroche-flamme sont de type carburé et allient les qualités des deux définitions précédentes.The object of the present invention is to provide an afterburner in which the flame catchers are of the fuel type and combine the qualities of the two preceding definitions.

L'invention atteint son but en optimisant le dispositif de refroidissement aérodynamique de chaque accroche-flamme.The invention achieves its object by optimizing the aerodynamic cooling device of each flame holder.

A cet effet, selon l'invention, le tube de ventilation est de section globalement triangulaire et comporte deux faces latérales sensiblement parallèles aux plaques externes et une face aval qui présente une gouttière radiale dans laquelle loge le conduit de carburant, une pluralité d'orifices supplémentaires dirigés vers le conduit du carburant étant ménagés dans la paroi de ladite gouttière afin d'assurer la ventilation du conduit de carburant, ce dernier injectant le carburant vers l'aval.To this end, according to the invention, the ventilation tube is of generally triangular section and has two lateral faces substantially parallel to the external plates and a downstream face which has a radial gutter in which houses the fuel conduit, a plurality of orifices. additional directed towards the fuel conduit being provided in the wall of said gutter to ensure ventilation of the fuel conduit, the latter injecting the fuel downstream.

Grâce à cette disposition, la section d'écoulement du tube de ventilation est supérieure à la section circulaire du tube de ventilation décrit dans FR 2 709 342. Le débit d'air de refroidissement est augmenté et les plaques externes du dièdre sont refroidies par impact par l'air traversant les orifices débouchant sur les faces latérales du tubes de ventilation. Les orifices de la gouttière soufflent de l'air sur le conduit de carburant dans toutes les plages de fonctionnement du turboréacteur, ce qui prévient les risques de cokéfaction et de "vapor-lock", et favorise la tenue thermique du conduit de carburant en régime sec, c'est-à-dire en cas de non-fonctionnement de la chambre de postcombustion. La position des orifices, mais aussi la forme du tube de ventilation de l'accroche-flamme sont adaptées au mieux pour assurer une bonne ventilation des parois du dièdre et du conduit de carburant.Thanks to this arrangement, the flow section of the ventilation tube is greater than the circular section of the ventilation tube described in FR 2 709 342. The cooling air flow is increased and the external plates of the dihedron are impact-cooled. by air passing through the openings opening on the lateral faces of the ventilation tubes. The gutter holes blow air onto the fuel line in all operating ranges of the turbojet engine, which prevents the risks of coking and "vapor-lock", and promotes the thermal behavior of the fuel line in operation dry, i.e. in the event of the afterburner not working. The position of the orifices, but also the shape of the ventilation tube of the flame catcher are best suited to ensure good ventilation of the walls of the dihedral and the fuel line.

Avantageusement, le conduit de carburant est équipé d'injecteurs aéromécaniques. Cette disposition permet d'obtenir une bonne qualité de pulvérisation et de maîtriser l'ampleur du cône de diffusion des gouttelettes de carburant et ceci afin d'éviter tout risque d'impact sur les plaques externes du dièdre du système de réchauffe.Advantageously, the fuel line is equipped with aeromechanical injectors. This arrangement makes it possible to obtain a good quality of spraying and to control the extent of the cone of diffusion of the fuel droplets and this in order to avoid any risk of impact on the external plates of the dihedron of the heating system.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description suivante faite à titre d'exemple et en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une coupe 1 d'un accroche-flamme carburé de l'art antérieur ;
  • la figure 2 est une coupe d'un accroche-flamme non carburé de l'art antérieur ;
  • la figure 3 est une demi-coupe axiale partielle d'un turboréacteur à double flux comportant un dispositif de post- combustion conforme à l'invention ;
  • la figure 4 est une section selon la ligne IV-IV de la figure 3;
  • la figure 5 est une vue partielle en perspective de l'accrocheflamme selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 6 est une vue en perspective du conduit de carburant.
Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will emerge on reading the following description given by way of example and with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a section 1 of a fuel-burner flame prior art;
  • Figure 2 is a section of a non-fuel flame catcher of the prior art;
  • FIG. 3 is a partial axial half-section of a turbofan engine comprising an afterburner device according to the invention;
  • Figure 4 is a section along the line IV-IV of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a partial perspective view of the flame holder according to the invention;
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of the fuel line.

La figure 1 montre en coupe un accroche-flamme de type carburé, semblable à celui décrit dans la demande de brevet publiée sous le n° FR 2 709 342, disposé radialement dans la veine des gaz chauds circulant d'amont en aval dans le sens de la flèche G, qui comprend une tôle pliée sous forme d'un dièdre en V afin de présenter deux plaques latérales 2, 3 reliées par une arête arrondie 4 disposée en amont par rapport au sens général de l'écoulement des gaz chauds G, et qui comprend en outre un tube de ventilation 5 multiperforé de section circulaire disposée entre les plaques latérales 2, 3 au voisinage de l'arête 4, un conduit de carburant 6 en aval du tube de ventilation 5 et un écran anti-rayonnement 7 qui présente une surface concave vers l'aval et qui relie les bords 8, 9 aval des plaques latérales 2 et 3 en ménageant des fentes latérales 10, 11 pour l'évacuation du mélange air-carburant.Figure 1 shows in section a fuel type flame catcher, similar to that described in the patent application published under the number FR 2 709 342, arranged radially in the stream of hot gases flowing from upstream to downstream in the direction arrow G, which comprises a sheet folded in the form of a V-shaped dihedral in order to present two side plates 2, 3 connected by a rounded edge 4 disposed upstream relative to the general direction of flow of the hot gases G, and which further comprises a multi-perforated ventilation tube 5 of circular section disposed between the side plates 2, 3 in the vicinity of the edge 4, a fuel duct 6 downstream of the ventilation tube 5 and an radiation shield 7 which has a concave surface downstream and which connects the edges 8, 9 downstream of the side plates 2 and 3 by providing lateral slots 10, 11 for the evacuation of the air-fuel mixture.

Le tube de ventilation 5 comporte des orifices 12 pour insuffler de l'air frais issu de la soufflante vers les plaques 2, 3 et l'arête 4.The ventilation tube 5 has orifices 12 for blowing fresh air from the blower towards the plates 2, 3 and the edge 4.

Les orifices 13 du conduit de carburant 6 injectent un débit de carburant 14 vers les fentes latérales 10, 11.The orifices 13 of the fuel line 6 inject a flow of fuel 14 towards the side slots 10, 11.

La figure 2 montre une coupe d'un accroche-flamme 1', de type non carburé, tel que décrit dans la demande de brevet français publiée sous le numéro 2 696 502. L'accroche-flamme 1' se présente également sous la forme d'un dièdre ayant deux plaques latérales 2', 3' reliées par une arête arrondie 4' orientée vers l'amont par rapport au sens axial général G de l'écoulement des gaz chauds. Un tube de ventilation 5' axial est disposé entre les plaques latérales 2', 3'. Ce tube 5' présente une section globalement triangulaire dont les faces latérales 15, 16 sont parallèles et voisines des plaques latérales 2', 3' et comportent des orifices 12' qui insufflent de l'air frais prélevé dans le passage de l'air secondaire issu de la soufflante en tête du tube de ventilation 5' contre les faces internes du dièdre. La face aval du tube de ventilation 5' est concave et présente des orifices 18 pour injecter de l'air frais vers l'aval dans la chambre de postcombustion 19.FIG. 2 shows a section of a flame catch 1 ', of the non-fuel type, as described in the French patent application published under the number 2 696 502. The flame catch 1' is also in the form a dihedral having two side plates 2 ', 3' connected by a rounded edge 4 'oriented upstream relative to the general axial direction G of the flow of hot gases. An axial ventilation tube 5 'is disposed between the side plates 2', 3 '. This tube 5 'has a generally triangular section whose side faces 15, 16 are parallel and close to the side plates 2', 3 'and have orifices 12' which breathe in fresh air taken from the passage of secondary air. from the blower at the head of the ventilation tube 5 'against the internal faces of the dihedral. The downstream face of the ventilation tube 5 ′ is concave and has orifices 18 for injecting fresh air downstream into the afterburner chamber 19.

Le turboréacteur à double flux et postcombustion représenté partiellement sur la figure 3 comprend un carter externe 20 annulaire, d'axe de révolution 21, un carter d'échappement 22 des gaz de combustion ayant traversé les aubages du turbo-réacteur et circulant d'amont en aval dans le sens de la flèche G, et une chambre de postcombustion 23 en aval du carter d'échappement 22.The turbofan and post-combustion turbojet shown partially in Figure 3 comprises an annular outer casing 20, of axis of revolution 21, an exhaust casing 22 of the combustion gases having passed through the blades of the turbo-reactor and circulating upstream downstream in the direction of arrow G, and an afterburner 23 downstream of the exhaust casing 22.

Le carter d'échappement 22 est contenu à l'intérieur du carter externe 20 et délimite, avec ce dernier, un premier passage 24 dans lequel s'écoule de l'air secondaire S issu de la soufflante.The exhaust casing 22 is contained inside the external casing 20 and delimits, with the latter, a first passage 24 in which secondary air S from the blower flows.

Le carter d'échappement 22 est constitué par une paroi annulaire externe 25 d'axe 21 et une paroi annulaire interne 26 également d'axe 21. Le carter d'échappement 22, la paroi externe 25 et la paroi interne 26 sont reliées entre eux par des biellettes ou par des bras de liaison radiaux non représentés sur le dessin.The exhaust casing 22 is constituted by an external annular wall 25 of axis 21 and an internal annular wall 26 also of axis 21. The exhaust casing 22, the external wall 25 and the internal wall 26 are interconnected by rods or by radial link arms not shown in the drawing.

La paroi externe 25 et la paroi interne 26 délimitent entre elles un deuxième passage 27 pour l'écoulement des gaz issus de la combustion.The outer wall 25 and the inner wall 26 define between them a second passage 27 for the flow of gases from the combustion.

Une paroi annulaire 28 de postcombustion d'axe 21, qui est radialement plus éloignée de l'axe 21 que la paroi externe 25, est disposée à proximité du carter externe 20 et délimite avec la paroi interne 26 la chambre de postcombustion 23.An annular wall 28 of post-combustion of axis 21, which is radially farther from the axis 21 than the outer wall 25, is disposed near the external casing 20 and delimits with the internal wall 26 the afterburner chamber 23.

Des bras accroche-flamme 30, qui s'étendent radialement obliquement vers la chambre de combustion 20 sont disposés à la limite du carter d'échappement 22 et de la chambre de postcombustion 23. Chaque bras accroche-flamme 30 s'étend sensiblement dans un plan radial contenant l'axe 21.Flame catching arms 30, which extend radially obliquely towards the combustion chamber 20 are arranged at the limit of the exhaust casing 22 and the afterburner chamber 23. Each flame catching arm 30 extends substantially in a radial plane containing axis 21.

Chaque bras accroche-flamme 30 présente une partie de tête 31 qui traverse le premier passage 24 et qui supporte en aval un anneau brûleur 32 de forme annulaire d'axe 21 relié par une conduite de carburant 33 à une alimentation en carburant 33a, et un corps principal 34 qui s'étend à l'intérieur du deuxième passage 27 et qui fait l'objet de la présente invention.Each flame catching arm 30 has a head portion 31 which passes through the first passage 24 and which supports downstream a burner ring 32 of annular shape with an axis 21 connected by a fuel line 33 to a fuel supply 33a, and a main body 34 which extends inside the second passage 27 and which is the subject of the present invention.

Ainsi que cela est montré sur les figures 4 à 6, le corps principal 34 est conformé selon un dièdre ayant une section en V dont le sommet de l'angle est orienté vers l'amont, les branches du V étant orientées vers l'aval par rapport au sens général G de l'écoulement des gaz chauds. Il comprend deux plaques externes 35, 36 ayant une arête commune 37 de forme arrondie.As shown in Figures 4 to 6, the main body 34 is shaped according to a dihedral having a V-shaped section whose apex of the angle is oriented upstream, the branches of the V being oriented downstream with respect to the general direction G of the flow of hot gases. It comprises two external plates 35, 36 having a common edge 37 of rounded shape.

Un tube de ventilation 38 s'étend sur toute la hauteur du corps principal 34. Ce tube 38 est ouvert à son extrémité éloignée de l'axe 21 afin de permettre un prélèvement d'un débit d'air de refroidissement R dans le premier passage 24, et est obturé à son extrémité inférieure. Il présente sur toute sa longueur une pluralité d'orifices pour l'évacuation de l'air prélevé hors du tube 38.A ventilation tube 38 extends over the entire height of the main body 34. This tube 38 is open at its end remote from the axis 21 in order to allow a withdrawal of a cooling air flow R in the first passage 24, and is closed at its lower end. Over its entire length, it has a plurality of orifices for the evacuation of the air taken from the tube 38.

Ce tube de ventilation 38 a une section globalement triangulaire, et il comporte deux parois latérales 39, 40 sensiblement parallèles aux plaques externes 35, 36, disposées à peu de distance de ces dernières afin de refroidir énergiquement les plaques externes 39, 40 par les orifices 41. La face aval 42 du tube de ventilation qui est dirigée vers l'intérieur de la chambre de postcombustion 23 a une forme convexe et elle présente une gouttière 43, de section en U ouvert dans laquelle sont disposés deux conduits de carburant 44, 45 radiaux, alimentés en carburant. Dans la paroi délimitant la gouttière 42 sont ménagés des orifices 46 qui insufflent de l'air de refroidissement vers les conduits de carburant 44, 45.This ventilation tube 38 has a generally triangular section, and it has two side walls 39, 40 substantially parallel to the external plates 35, 36, arranged a short distance from the latter in order to cool the external plates 39, 40 vigorously through the orifices. 41. The downstream face 42 of the ventilation tube which is directed towards the interior of the afterburner chamber 23 has a convex shape and it has a gutter 43, of open U-shaped section in which two fuel conduits 44, 45 are arranged. radial, fueled. In the wall delimiting the gutter 42 are provided orifices 46 which supply cooling air to the fuel conduits 44, 45.

Les conduits de carburant 44, 45 comportent des injecteurs aéromécaniques 47 qui injectent du carburant en aval vers la chambre de postcombustion 23. Les injecteurs aéromécaniques 47 permettent d'obtenir une bonne qualité de pulvérisation et de maîtriser l'ampleur du cône de diffusion des gouttelettes de carburant et ceci afin d'éviter tout risque d'impact sur le dièdre en V de l'accroche-flamme 30.The fuel conduits 44, 45 comprise aeromechanical injectors 47 which inject fuel downstream to the afterburner chamber 23. The aeromechanical injectors 47 make it possible to obtain good spray quality and to control the magnitude of the droplet diffusion cone in order to avoid any risk of impact on the V-shaped dihedral of the flame catcher 30.

Le tube de ventilation 38 de l'accroche-flamme 30 fait office de noyau structural et de conduit d'alimentation d'un débit d'air R provenant de la soufflante. L'alimentation du débit d'air R est réalisée dans toute la plage de fonctionnement du turboréacteur afin de prévenir les risques de cokéfaction et de vapor-lock aussi bien en régime de réchauffe qu'en fonctionnement sec.The ventilation tube 38 of the flame catcher 30 acts as a structural core and as a supply duct for an air flow R coming from the blower. The air flow R is supplied throughout the operating range of the turbojet engine in order to prevent the risks of coking and vapor-lock both in heating mode and in dry operation.

La forme du tube de ventilation 38 ainsi que la position des orifices 41 et 46 sont adaptées au mieux pour assurer l'intégrité thermique des injecteurs.The shape of the ventilation tube 38 as well as the position of the orifices 41 and 46 are best suited to ensure the thermal integrity of the injectors.

La disposition proposée par l'invention permet ainsi d'assurer l'intégralité thermique des parois du dièdre et du système de carburation tant en fonctionnement sec qu'avec la réchauffe. Elle permet également de supprimer les organes d'injection placés dans le flux primaire dans le cas de l'utilisation d'accroche-flamme du type non carburé, d'où une plus grande sûreté de fonctionnement par prévention des risques de retour de flammes. La solution proposée permet également d'utiliser des matériaux composites pour réaliser le dièdre, d'où un gain de masse.The arrangement proposed by the invention thus makes it possible to ensure the thermal integrity of the walls of the dihedral and of the carburetion system both in dry operation and with heating. It also makes it possible to eliminate the injection members placed in the primary flow in the case of the use of non-fuel type flame catchers, hence greater operational reliability by preventing the risks of backfire. The proposed solution also makes it possible to use composite materials to produce the dihedral, thereby saving weight.

Claims (3)

  1. Afterburner device for a bypass turbojet, comprising an external annular casing (20) possessing an axis (21) of sensible revolution, an exhaust casing (22) contained inside the said external casing (20), comprising an external annular wall (25) and an internal annular wall (26), each having the same axis of revolution as the external casing (20) and defining with it a first passage (24) for the flow of secondary air, the external annular wall (25) and the internal annular wall (26) together defining a second passage (27) for the flow of the combustion gases, this afterburner device also comprising an annular afterburner wall (28) having the same axis of revolution as the external casing (20), placed inside the external casing while being a defined distance away from it so as to form a passage for cooling air and defining an afterburner chamber (23) downstream of the first (24) and second (27) passages, flameholder arms (30) lying in planes that are radial to the said axis (21), at least inside the second passage (27), and each having the shape of a dihedron, bounded by two external plates (35, 36) having a common edge (37), and having an external cross section in the form of a V, the tip of which is oriented towards the upstream with respect to the general axial direction of flow (G) of the said combustion gases, each flameholder (30) furthermore including a multiperforated ventilation tube (38) for cooling the external plates (35, 36) by a cooling air taken off from the first passage (24) and at least one radial fuel pipe (44, 45) provided with fuel injection orifices, characterized in that the ventilation tube (38) has triangular overall cross section and has two lateral faces (39, 40) approximately parallel to the external plates (35, 36) and a downstream face (42) which has a radial gutter (43) in which the fuel pipe (44, 45) is housed, a plurality of additional orifices (46) directed towards the fuel pipe being provided in the wall (42) of the said gutter (43) so as to provide ventilation of the fuel pipe, the latter injecting the fuel towards the downstream.
  2. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fuel pipe (44, 45) is equipped with aeromechanical injectors (46).
  3. Device according to either one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that each flameholder (30) has two fuel pipes (44, 45).
EP98402599A 1997-10-23 1998-10-20 Cooled flameholder with fuel injection device Expired - Lifetime EP0911585B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9713274 1997-10-23
FR9713274A FR2770284B1 (en) 1997-10-23 1997-10-23 CARBIDE AND OPTIMIZED COOLING FLAME HANGER

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0911585A1 EP0911585A1 (en) 1999-04-28
EP0911585B1 true EP0911585B1 (en) 2003-09-10

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EP98402599A Expired - Lifetime EP0911585B1 (en) 1997-10-23 1998-10-20 Cooled flameholder with fuel injection device

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US (1) US6112516A (en)
EP (1) EP0911585B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH11218055A (en)
DE (1) DE69817970T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2202772T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2770284B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2150597C1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
RU2150597C1 (en) 2000-06-10
DE69817970D1 (en) 2003-10-16
FR2770284A1 (en) 1999-04-30
EP0911585A1 (en) 1999-04-28
FR2770284B1 (en) 1999-11-19
DE69817970T2 (en) 2004-07-22
JPH11218055A (en) 1999-08-10
US6112516A (en) 2000-09-05
ES2202772T3 (en) 2004-04-01

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