EP0902627A1 - Chaussure equipee d'un dispositif elastique d'amortissement des chocs - Google Patents
Chaussure equipee d'un dispositif elastique d'amortissement des chocsInfo
- Publication number
- EP0902627A1 EP0902627A1 EP97924088A EP97924088A EP0902627A1 EP 0902627 A1 EP0902627 A1 EP 0902627A1 EP 97924088 A EP97924088 A EP 97924088A EP 97924088 A EP97924088 A EP 97924088A EP 0902627 A1 EP0902627 A1 EP 0902627A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shoe
- blades
- blade
- sole
- user
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B21/00—Heels; Top-pieces or top-lifts
- A43B21/24—Heels; Top-pieces or top-lifts characterised by the constructive form
- A43B21/30—Heels with metal springs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a shoe equipped with an elastic shock-absorbing device which can be a city shoe or more particularly a shoe intended for sports practice.
- the first contact with the ground is made with the heel, followed by an unrolling of the foot on the ground, followed by the support of the forefoot which propels the body towards the before and in the air.
- the contact of the heel on hard ground results in a peak of force whose intensity varies approximately by a value equal to two or three times the weight of the runner, mainly according to his speed. Although this peak is short-lived, the high number of cycles can lead to fatigue injuries, or worsen existing injuries or weaknesses (ankle, knees, back, etc.).
- Patent FR 2,686,233 includes the same hinge system, but here a helical torsion spring is used. This spring is configured, so that it has an angle between the arms which is more closed initially, this angle opening during the crushing of the sole, increasing the lever arm and thus reducing the increase in vertical force.
- the invention aims to minimize the impact force of the heel on the ground with a minimum heel height while retaining a high energy absorption capacity and good stability, as well as a good restitution of the energy stored by the device during compression.
- the invention aims to provide a shoe of reduced weight whose stiffness of the cushioning device can be adjustable using simple means, and in addition, a reasonable manufacturing cost.
- the shoe in particular for the practice of sport, consists of a upper and a sole comprising a lower part movable relative to an upper part and at least one elastically deformable blade opposing the approximation of said parts, and is characterized in that the blade or blades are arranged in outside the perimeter of the user's foot, working advantageously in a flexion mode substantially close to buckling.
- the spring leaf (s) are made of composite materials composed at least in the external faces of unidirectional fibers of high mechanical strength, in particular glass fibers and / or polyethylene, and / or polyester, and / or carbon , and / or aramid, with a thermosetting or thermoplastic resinous matrix.
- the bringing together of the lower part on the upper part is done by rotation around a transverse axis, or of longitudinal axes.
- the shoe comprises two lateral blades, the lower end of each of which is arranged directly above the ankle of the user, while each blade is elongated and has a component s' opposing the approximation of the lower and upper parts of the sole.
- the blades are inclined while their inclination is adjustable, such as, for example, by modifying the length of at least one of the connecting strands retaining the upper end of each of said blades.
- the moment of inertia of the center of the blade is at least equal to the moment of inertia of the lower and upper ends
- the core of the blade (s) can be made of flexible material such as elastomer, or rigid plastic material, the density at the ends of the blade being at least equal to the density in the center, or a composite material comprising fibers with a transverse component.
- each of the blades is connected by its lower end to the lower part by lower connecting means arranged directly above the ankle of the user, and by its upper end. to the upper part by upper connecting means, which are, for example, constituted by a lower housing of blades secured to the lower movable sole, or by a flexible retaining link, one end of which is fixed to the bottom flange to pass, on the one hand, above a projection, and on the other hand, under the lower end of the blade to then be fixed by its other end.
- Figures 1, 2 and 3 illustrate a first embodiment.
- Figure 1 is a side view.
- Figures 2 and 3 are schematic sectional views along AA showing the shoe in its two extreme positions.
- Figure 2 is an illustration showing the shoe in the rest position.
- Figure 3 is an illustration showing the shoe in the maximum compression position.
- Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 2 showing an alternative embodiment.
- Figures 5 and 6 are side views illustrating a second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a detail of execution of a possible lower link applicable to the embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6.
- FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate a detail of execution of another possible lower link applicable to the embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6.
- Figure 9 illustrates in side view an alternative embodiment of the hinge for the shoe of the invention.
- Figures 10 and li a are views similar to Figures 1 and 2 of another alternative embodiment, Figure 11b illustrating an execution detail.
- Figure 12 is a view similar to Figure 2 showing another possibility of execution.
- Figures 13a, 13b and 13c illustrate three means of exerting the load on the blades, while Figure 14 is a view showing the different curves illustrating the compression of each of the embodiments.
- Figures 15a and 15b are plan views showing different shapes of leaf springs.
- FIG. 15c is a longitudinal section of a variant of the blade.
- Figures 15d and 15e are cross-sectional views of two possible variants.
- Figures 16a and 16b are views in longitudinal section showing two possible alternative embodiments.
- the shoe (1) according to the invention consists in a manner known per se of a rod (2) intended to receive the foot of the user.
- the sole itself (4) is constituted by a movable lower part (4a) or lower movable sole articulated on an upper part or upper sole (4b) around a transverse axis ( 5).
- the lower part is advantageously provided with a wear pad (6).
- the lower part (4a) forms with the upper part (4b) a dihedral of acute angle ( ⁇ ) opening towards the rear (AR).
- the angular spacing of the two parts (4a, 4b) is maintained by means of elastic damping means, the angular bringing together of the two parts being effected against the action of these elastic means.
- the elastic damping means consist of at least one elastically deformable blade (7a, 7b) working in buckling.
- the shoe comprises two spring blades (7a, 7b) arranged laterally on either side of the upper (2) of the shoe in the area directly below of the user's ankle.
- Each of the spring blades (7a, 7b) has an elongated shape and extends upwards substantially vertically.
- each of the blades (7a, 7b) is connected by its lower end (70) to the lower part (4a) by lower connecting means and by its upper end (71) to the upper part (4b) by means senior liaison.
- the lower connecting means consist of a lower blade housing (8a, 8b) secured to the lower movable sole (4a) and arranged directly above the upper blade housing (9a, 9b) secured to the upper sole (4b ), while the lower housings (8a, 8b) are plumb with the upper housings (9a, 9b) to retain the corresponding blade (7a) and / or (7b) vertically.
- Each of the lower housings (8a, 8b) is constituted by an upwardly open groove formed by a lower retaining rim (80a, 80b) opening towards the outside to form a flared upward housing which allows the deformation by buckling of the blade retained therein, as illustrated in FIG. 3.
- Each of the upper housings (9a, 9b) is similarly constituted by a downwardly open groove formed by an upper retaining rim (90a, 90b) opening towards the outside to form a housing flared towards the bottom which allows buckling deformation of the blade retained therein, as illustrated in FIG. 3.
- the retaining housings (8a, 8b - 9a, 9b) are arranged directly above the ankle of the user so that the spring blades (7a) and / or (7b) are there also find.
- the two upper retaining housings (9a, 9b) are produced by the buttress (91) which includes a U open upwards to connect the two upper housings to the upper sole (4b).
- locking means making it possible to limit the relative pivoting between the two sole parts and thus limit the maximum opening angle ( ⁇ ) that the two soles (4a, 4b) can form. .
- the force due to the impact of the lower movable sole (4a) on the ground opposing the force due to the weight of the user applied by the foot to the upper part (4b) , as well as the inertia of the moving mass causes the compression of the spring blades (7a, 7b) increasing very quickly, for low compression, their reaction force which, as soon as the critical force threshold is exceeded d 'Euler, causes buckling of said blades, buckling during which the reaction force of said blades (7a, 7b) increases more slowly as a function of the compression distance; the blades then behave like a conventional spring of low stiffness but highly prestressed.
- the upper connecting means consist of a flexible link (92) such, for example, as a cable or a strap replacing the upper retaining rim (90a, 90b), like the one described above.
- the flexible link is fixed by one of its ends to the upper end (71) of one of the blades (7a) to pass under the upper part (4b) and then be fixed by the other of its ends at the other blade (7b).
- the length of the link (92) could be adjustable so as to vary the maximum compression, and / or the maximum value of the angle ( ⁇ ).
- means are provided making it possible to modify the stiffness of the damping device without having to change the spring blades (7a, 7b).
- means are provided making it possible to modify the inclination of the spring blades (7a, 7b) and thus modify, for example, the value of the angle of inclination of the blades, the longitudinal axis (YY 1 ) is tilted forward to form an acute angle (Bl, B2) open towards the front.
- the changes in the forward inclination of the spring leaves (7a, 7b) cause the modification of the component of the force opposing the bringing together of the lower part (4a) towards the upper part (4b).
- Figure 5 shows the position of a hardness greater than that shown in Figure 6, the angle (B2) being less than the angle (Bl).
- each of the blades is retained at its upper end (71) by a link (92) or a cable comprising a front strand (920) and a rear strand (921).
- the variation in the inclination of the blades can be obtained by modifying the length of the front (920) and rear (921) strands. This modification can be obtained by any appropriate means.
- the retention of the lower end (70) of each of the blades (7a, 7b) is appropriate and allows, on the one hand, the pivoting of the latter in its own plane and, on the other hand, the displacement outward to allow buckling of said blades.
- the lower retainer can be produced as illustrated in FIG. 7 and in FIGS. 8a and 8b.
- a flexible retaining link (81) is provided, one end of which (82) is fixed to the lower sole (4a) to pass on the one hand, above a projection (83 ), and on the other hand, under the lower end (70) of the blade to then be fixed by its other end (84).
- FIGS. 8a and 8b show means of retaining lower than the blades, produced in the form of a cardan type device constituted by an intermediate piece (85) pivotally mounted on the lower sole (4a) intended to receive, by means of a groove (86), the lower end (70) of the corresponding blade.
- the articulation between the lower part (4a) and the upper part (4b) can be carried out in different ways, such as, for example, with an articulation with an axis (5), as illustrated in FIG. 1, or with a flexible zone (500), as illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6, or as shown in FIG. 9 where the lower part (4a) and the upper part (4b) are surmounted on a flexible deformable link (501 ).
- FIGs 10 and 11 illustrate another embodiment in which the plane of the spring blades (7a, 7b) is not parallel to the general plane of symmetry (P) of the shoe, as in the previous embodiments, but arranged substantially perpendicular to this plane.
- the two lateral blades (7a, 7b) are inclined to extend rearward, while a transverse connecting element (10) is provided retaining the upper ends (71) of said two blades.
- this transverse element (10) extends horizontally behind the Achilles heel of the user, and that as in the embodiment of Figures 5 and 6, said ends (70 and 71) are connected to the lower parts (4a) and upper (4b) via a front strand (920) and a rear strand (921) of a link (92).
- Figure 11b is a view illustrating an embodiment for varying the initial inclination of the blades of the embodiment of Figures 10 and 11a.
- a pulley (12) is provided around which the cable (92) is wound, said pulley (12) being connected to the transverse element (10) by means of a coupling comprising a succession notches (10b) integral with an end flange (10a) of the element (10) while a succession of corresponding notches (12a) is integral with the pulley (12). It is therefore sufficient, in order to vary the inclination, to modify the winding of the cable by pivoting the pulley after having uncoupled it from the transverse element (10). It goes without saying that the device is symmetrical with respect to the plane (P).
- FIG. 12 is a view similar to FIG. 2 showing an alternative embodiment according to which the lower sole (4a) is consisting of two movable lower parts (4'a, 4 "a) arranged to pivot in relation to the upper part (4b) around two longitudinal axes (400a, 400b).
- FIG. 13a illustrates three means of exerting the load on the blades.
- the blade is straight, and the load F is exerted directly on the axis of the neutral fiber, as in the variant of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.
- the square buckling curve of FIG. 14 corresponds to this configuration. Note that if the alignment is perfect, we cannot predict on which side the blade will burn. Also the realization of blades illustrated in Figures 13c and 13b solve this type of problem.
- FIG. 13a illustrates three means of exerting the load on the blades.
- FIG. 13b illustrates another variant according to which said blade has an initial curvature giving an offset "e” similar to that obtained in the embodiment of FIG. 13b.
- the spring leaves (7a, 7b) must store a large amount of energy and withstand a large number of bending cycles with high forces and stresses, this for a minimum weight and a reasonable cost. Thus, they are advantageously made of composite material.
- the applicant intends to use webs woven from fibers of high mechanical strength impregnated with a thermoplastic or thermosetting resin material.
- the fibers are long carbon fibers with high mechanical strength, the elastic modulus of which can vary from 230 to 590 Gpa and the breaking strength from 2,450 to 7,000 Mpa. Such values are, of course, higher than those of conventionally known steels.
- the matrices or resins can be of the thermoplastic or thermosetting type.
- the spring blades (7a, 7b) can be constituted by a stack of several woven sheets of fibers, for example, bidirectional, the particular orientation of the fibers constituting each woven sheet having an appropriate orientation so that the blades have the adequate elasticity characteristics.
- composite fiberglass blades unidirectional in the longitudinal direction, with a high percentage of fibers, produced by pultrusion with epoxy resin. It is also advantageous to have a blade width which is proportional to the moment, and the width of which varies in the longitudinal direction, for example wider at the center than at the ends as illustrated in FIG. 15b. In this case, the width / length ratios and therefore the variation in width / length are significant, which produces a greater shear force between the central part and the two lateral parts.
- Fibers at 90 ° allow ⁇ to better resist this shearing, either for example at the heart of the blade, near the neutral fiber, in pultrusion, or then by gluing or welding a layer of fiber of low volume rate in matrix with large elastic elongation on both sides of the blade.
- the core of the blade is subjected mainly to shear forces, and contributes little to the rigidity, resistance and stored energy, one can use a construction of the so-called sandwich type, with plastic lighter than the composite at the heart, and unidirectional fibers on the faces.
- FIGS. 16a and 16b are illustrations of a sandwich type blade, according to which a central layer at the core (75c) is covered by two external layers (75a, 75b).
- the central layer (75c) can be made of rigid or flexible plastic material, while the external layers (75a, 75b) are made of composite material as previously proposed, the density at the ends (70, 71) of the core (75c) of the blade being at least equal to the density of the heart in the center.
- the spring blades (7a, 7b) are of elongated shape of small thickness in order to be able to deform by buckling.
- FIGS. 15d and 15e illustrate a possible additional variant according to which the thickness of the blade is variable, the compression face being for example planar, while the external face (75a) subjected to traction has a transverse curvature, and this, so that the side edges of the blades are thinner than the central part.
- the thickness of the blades can be constant or variable, as illustrated in FIGS. 15c and 16b (in the longitudinal direction) as well as in FIGS. 15d and 15e (in the transverse direction), without leaving the frame. of the invention.
- the blades can be disassembled to be interchangeable in the event of breakage or so that the user can change the type of blade according to his needs.
- a hermetic dihedral by a system of the bellows type or the like, so as to avoid any intrusion of foreign bodies such as stones.
- a device can be combined with known devices of the foam, air pocket, or linear or non-linear spring type, placed in the dihedral.
Landscapes
- Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
- Vibration Dampers (AREA)
- Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9606386A FR2748372B1 (fr) | 1996-05-13 | 1996-05-13 | Chaussure equipee d'un dispositif elastique d'amortissement des chocs |
FR9606386 | 1996-05-13 | ||
PCT/FR1997/000850 WO1997042845A1 (fr) | 1996-05-13 | 1997-05-13 | Chaussure equipee d'un dispositif elastique d'amortissement des chocs |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0902627A1 true EP0902627A1 (fr) | 1999-03-24 |
EP0902627B1 EP0902627B1 (fr) | 2001-02-21 |
Family
ID=9492377
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97924088A Expired - Lifetime EP0902627B1 (fr) | 1996-05-13 | 1997-05-13 | Chaussure equipee d'un dispositif elastique d'amortissement des chocs |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6115942A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0902627B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE199211T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69704117D1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2748372B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1997042845A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (33)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB9808874D0 (en) * | 1998-04-27 | 1998-06-24 | Univ Coventry | Item of footwear |
US7752775B2 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2010-07-13 | Lyden Robert M | Footwear with removable lasting board and cleats |
US7107235B2 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2006-09-12 | Lyden Robert M | Method of conducting business including making and selling a custom article of footwear |
US6601042B1 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2003-07-29 | Robert M. Lyden | Customized article of footwear and method of conducting retail and internet business |
US7016867B2 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2006-03-21 | Lyden Robert M | Method of conducting business including making and selling a custom article of footwear |
US6964119B2 (en) * | 2001-06-08 | 2005-11-15 | Weaver Iii Robert B | Footwear with impact absorbing system |
US6557271B1 (en) * | 2001-06-08 | 2003-05-06 | Weaver, Iii Robert B. | Shoe with improved cushioning and support |
JP2005511180A (ja) * | 2001-12-07 | 2005-04-28 | ダブリュ.ヘイズ リカルド | 動的な足の支持のための装置およびシステム |
US6684531B2 (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2004-02-03 | Brian G. Rennex | Spring space shoe |
DE102005006267B3 (de) | 2005-02-11 | 2006-03-16 | Adidas International Marketing B.V. | Schuhsohle und Schuh |
US7401419B2 (en) | 2002-07-31 | 2008-07-22 | Adidas International Marketing B.V, | Structural element for a shoe sole |
USD507094S1 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2005-07-12 | Robert E. Lyden | Spring element for an article of footwear |
US7290354B2 (en) * | 2002-11-21 | 2007-11-06 | Stephen Perenich | Shoe suspension system |
US7950166B1 (en) | 2002-11-21 | 2011-05-31 | Stephen Perenich | Simplified energy-return shoe system |
US7905033B1 (en) | 2002-11-21 | 2011-03-15 | Stephen Perenich | Energy-return shoe system |
US6925732B1 (en) * | 2003-06-19 | 2005-08-09 | Nike, Inc. | Footwear with separated upper and sole structure |
US20050262725A1 (en) * | 2003-07-02 | 2005-12-01 | Brian Rennex | Linkage energy return shoe |
US20050166422A1 (en) * | 2004-02-04 | 2005-08-04 | Puma Aktiengesellschaft Rudolf Dassler Sport | Shoe with an articulated spring-loaded outsole |
US20070137065A1 (en) * | 2005-12-19 | 2007-06-21 | Orlando Vera | Inflatable sole for shoe |
US20100251571A1 (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2010-10-07 | Steven Paul Woodard | Shoe suspension system |
WO2011005728A1 (fr) * | 2009-07-06 | 2011-01-13 | Cedar Technologies International Ltd. | Semelle pour une chaussure |
PL2478790T3 (pl) * | 2010-02-05 | 2015-04-30 | Mark Rudolfovich Shirokikh | Obuwie grawitacyjne |
US20120131819A1 (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2012-05-31 | Marc Loverin | Articles of Footwear and Heel Suspension System Therefore |
FR2972906B1 (fr) * | 2011-03-25 | 2014-05-16 | Gecis | Chaussure a amorti et propulsion ameliores |
US9474325B2 (en) * | 2011-05-06 | 2016-10-25 | E. James Bodmer | Heel jack |
US9032646B2 (en) | 2011-11-23 | 2015-05-19 | Stephen Perenich | Energy-return shoe system |
US9456658B2 (en) | 2012-09-20 | 2016-10-04 | Nike, Inc. | Sole structures and articles of footwear having plate moderated fluid-filled bladders and/or foam type impact force attenuation members |
US10856612B2 (en) | 2012-09-20 | 2020-12-08 | Nike, Inc. | Sole structures and articles of footwear having plate moderated fluid-filled bladders and/or foam type impact force attenuation members |
US10849387B2 (en) | 2012-09-20 | 2020-12-01 | Nike, Inc. | Sole structures and articles of footwear having plate moderated fluid-filled bladders and/or foam type impact force attenuation members |
US10098414B2 (en) | 2013-03-06 | 2018-10-16 | Diapedia, Llc | Footwear system with composite orthosis |
WO2015023717A1 (fr) * | 2013-08-13 | 2015-02-19 | Quiksilver, Inc. | Chaussure ayant une extension élastiquement souple |
USD814161S1 (en) | 2014-03-06 | 2018-04-03 | Diapedia, Llc | Footwear orthotic |
WO2021042150A1 (fr) * | 2019-09-02 | 2021-03-11 | STA Holdings Pty Ltd | Dispositif d'absorption d'impact |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1942312A (en) * | 1932-10-05 | 1934-01-02 | Stephen M Tutoky | Shoe heel |
US2555654A (en) * | 1950-02-23 | 1951-06-05 | John W Ostrom | Spring heel for shoes |
ES185992Y (es) * | 1972-11-23 | 1974-07-16 | Saurina Pavia | Calzado perfeccionado con tacon basculante. |
US4592153A (en) * | 1984-06-25 | 1986-06-03 | Jacinto Jose Maria | Heel construction |
US4843737A (en) * | 1987-10-13 | 1989-07-04 | Vorderer Thomas W | Energy return spring shoe construction |
US5060401A (en) * | 1990-02-12 | 1991-10-29 | Whatley Ian H | Footwear cushinoning spring |
DE4114551C2 (de) * | 1990-11-07 | 2000-07-27 | Adidas Ag | Schuhboden, insbesondere für Sportschuhe |
US5056509A (en) * | 1991-01-11 | 1991-10-15 | Swearington Derritt R | Ankle brace |
FR2686233A1 (fr) * | 1992-01-22 | 1993-07-23 | Beyl Jean Joseph Alfred | Chaussure, en particulier chaussure de sport, comportant au moins un ressort dispose dans la semelle, cassette et ressort pour une telle chaussure. |
US5279051A (en) * | 1992-01-31 | 1994-01-18 | Ian Whatley | Footwear cushioning spring |
US5435079A (en) * | 1993-12-20 | 1995-07-25 | Gallegos; Alvaro Z. | Spring athletic shoe |
US5672156A (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 1997-09-30 | Jimenez Ramos; Antonio Jose | Device to avoid twists in ankles |
-
1996
- 1996-05-13 FR FR9606386A patent/FR2748372B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-05-13 DE DE69704117T patent/DE69704117D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-13 AT AT97924088T patent/ATE199211T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-13 WO PCT/FR1997/000850 patent/WO1997042845A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1997-05-13 EP EP97924088A patent/EP0902627B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-20 US US09/180,782 patent/US6115942A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9742845A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2748372B1 (fr) | 1998-08-14 |
DE69704117D1 (de) | 2001-03-29 |
WO1997042845A1 (fr) | 1997-11-20 |
EP0902627B1 (fr) | 2001-02-21 |
US6115942A (en) | 2000-09-12 |
ATE199211T1 (de) | 2001-03-15 |
FR2748372A1 (fr) | 1997-11-14 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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