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EP0899522A2 - Device for preventing compressor damage due to oil shortage at very low suction temperatures, particularly for vehicle refrigeration compressors - Google Patents

Device for preventing compressor damage due to oil shortage at very low suction temperatures, particularly for vehicle refrigeration compressors Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0899522A2
EP0899522A2 EP98105427A EP98105427A EP0899522A2 EP 0899522 A2 EP0899522 A2 EP 0899522A2 EP 98105427 A EP98105427 A EP 98105427A EP 98105427 A EP98105427 A EP 98105427A EP 0899522 A2 EP0899522 A2 EP 0899522A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
compressor
line
shut
low
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Withdrawn
Application number
EP98105427A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0899522A3 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Dipl.-Ing. Thomae
Ralph Kerstner
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KERSTNER, RALPH
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Individual
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Publication of EP0899522A2 publication Critical patent/EP0899522A2/en
Publication of EP0899522A3 publication Critical patent/EP0899522A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
    • F25B31/002—Lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves

Definitions

  • compressors for vehicle air conditioning that known to contain a very small volume of oil, for economic reasons must also be used to cool fresh service vehicles.
  • Such Reasons are e.g. Larger production quantities of the compressor model or simplified warehousing and the use of a few compressor models for a wide range of uses
  • a branch is arranged in front of the injection valve, from which a line for liquid refrigerant leads to a solenoid shut-off valve that in de-energized State is closed.
  • This solenoid shut-off valve Connection line into the suction line after the evaporator and before one if necessary, collector / liquid separator installed in the suction line.
  • This connecting line is wholly or partially as a throttle device e.g. designed as a capillary tube or as a "fixed orifice".
  • connection of this secondary injection can be different Sort of. It can be used as a pulse generator for the solenoid shut-off valve Use pressure switches when reaching a certain depth Suction pressure opens the magnetic shut-off valve, so that additional liquid Refrigerant is fed into the suction line, increasing the suction pressure becomes. When the suction pressure drops again when the compressor speed decreases has risen so far that the volume flow through the evaporator alone the solenoid shut-off valve is sufficient for the oil supply to the compressor closed again.
  • the refrigerant is gaseous from the compressor (1) via the pressure line (2) and compressed to the condenser (3) and liquefied.
  • the liquid Refrigerant becomes the injection valve through the liquid line (4) (6) headed.
  • a pipe branch (5) arranged, from which a line leads to a magnetic shut-off valve (8).
  • a connecting line (9) leads from the magnetic shut-off valve (8) to the junction (12) into the suction line (11).
  • the connecting line (9) contains a Throttle device (10), the throttling effect in an experiment on the operating conditions of the compressor is tuned at full load.
  • the suction line (11) contains a collector / liquid separator between the mouth (12) and the compressor (1) (13) as a buffer against liquid hammer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)

Abstract

The arrangement has a branch (5) from the liquid delivery line (4) before the injection valve (6) which leads into a magnetic blocking valve (8) which is closed in the no-current state. A connecting line (9) after the evaporator (7) leading to the suction line (9) contains a choke element (10).

Description

Es kommt häufig vor, dass Kompressoren für Fahrzeugklimatisierung, die bekanntlich ein sehr geringes Ölvolumen enthalten, aus ökonomischen Gründen auch zur Kühlung von Frischdienstfahrzeugen verwendet werden müssen. Solche Gründe sind z.B. grössere Fertigungsstückzahlen des Kompressor-Modells oder vereinfachte Lagerhaltung und Einsatz von wenigen Kompressormodellen für ein breites EinsatzspektrumIt often happens that compressors for vehicle air conditioning that known to contain a very small volume of oil, for economic reasons must also be used to cool fresh service vehicles. Such Reasons are e.g. Larger production quantities of the compressor model or simplified warehousing and the use of a few compressor models for a wide range of uses

Für den Einsatz bei der Fahrzeugklimatisierung wird eine hohe Leistung verlangt. Um verschieden grosse Fahrzeuge klimatisieren zu können, muss die Kompressorleistung für den grössten Bedarfsfall ausgelegt sein. Deshalb werden häufig Kompressoren mit Leistungsregelung verwendet, wodurch das Erreichen zu tiefer Verdampfungstemperaturen verhindert wird. Wenn z.B. ein solcher Kompressor für die Kühlung eines Frischdienstfahrzeuges verwendet werden soll, muss die Leistungsregelung ausser Betrieb gesetzt werden, damit die erforderlichen tieferen Verdampfungstemperaturen überhaupt erreicht werden können. Nun hat es sich häufig herausgestellt, dass für die für die Klimatisierung gegebene Kompressorleistung in solchen Fällen für ein isoliertes Frischdienstfahrzeug viel zu gross ist. Das hat zur Folge, dass insbesondere im Vollastbetrieb, also bei hoher bis zur maximal möglichen Kompressordrehzahl der Ansaugdruck und somit die Ansaugtemperatur so tief nach unten gehen, dass ein sehr ungünstiges Druckverhältnis entsteht und der Kompressor wegen des daraus resultierenden geringen Volumenstromes nicht mehr ausreichend mit dem im Kreislauf zirkulierenden Öl versorgt wird. Der Kompressor wird "trocken" und erleidet fast immer Totalschaden.High performance is required for use in vehicle air conditioning demands. To be able to air-condition vehicles of different sizes, the compressor output can be designed for the greatest need. Therefore compressors with capacity control are often used, which means that Preventing too low evaporation temperatures is prevented. If e.g. such a compressor for cooling a fresh service vehicle the power control must be deactivated so that the required lower evaporation temperatures at all can be achieved. Now it has often been found that for the compressor capacity given for the air conditioning in such cases is much too big for an insulated fresh service vehicle. That has to As a result, especially in full load operation, i.e. at high to maximum possible compressor speed the intake pressure and thus the intake temperature go down so low that there is a very unfavorable pressure ratio and the compressor because of the resulting low volume flow no longer adequately supplied with the circulating oil becomes. The compressor gets "dry" and almost always suffers total damage.

Es ist bekannt, in einem solchen Fall einen sogen. Leistungsregler zu verwenden. Diese druckgesteuerten Regler werden in eine Verbindungsleitung zwischen Druck- und Saugleitung eingebaut. Bei geöffnetem Regler ergibt sich auf der Saugseite eine Temperaturerhöhung durch das Heissgas, das hinter dem Verdampfer in die Saugleitung strömt. Die gerade bei Vollast gewünschte Innenkühlung des Kompressors durch kaltes Sauggas in ausreichender Menge wird gestört oder verhindert.It is known in such a case, a so-called. Power regulator to use. These pressure controlled regulators are in a connecting line installed between pressure and suction line. When the controller is open there is a temperature increase on the suction side due to the hot gas, the flows into the suction line behind the evaporator. The one at full load desired internal cooling of the compressor by cold suction gas in sufficient Quantity is disturbed or prevented.

Mit der Einrichtung zur Verhinderung von Kompressorschäden gemäss der vorliegenden Erfindung wird die erforderliche Innenkühlung des Kompressors sowie eine ausreichende Ölversorgung jedoch ermöglicht, auch wenn die Leistung des Kompressors bei höheren Drehzahlen zu gross ist.With the device for preventing compressor damage according to the present Invention is the required internal cooling of the compressor as well as an adequate oil supply, even if the The compressor output is too great at higher speeds.

Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dass in der Kältemittel-Flüssigkeitsleitung vor dem Einspritzventil eine Abzweigung angeordnet ist, von der eine Leitung für flüssiges Kältemittel zu einem Magnet-Absperrventil führt, das in stromlosen Zustand geschlossen ist. Von diesem Magnet-Absperrventil führt eine Verbindungsleitung in die Saugleitung nach dem Verdampfer und vor einem gegebenenfalls in die Saugleitung eingebauten Sammler/Flüssigkeitsabscheider. Diese Verbindungsleitung ist ganz oder teilweise als Drosselorgan z.B. als Kapillarrohr oder als "Fix-Orifice" ausgebildet. Die erforderliche Drosselwirkung bei geöffnetem Magnet-Absperrventil und bei maximaler Kompressordrehzahl wird für den jeweiligen Anlagentyp durch Versuch ermittelt und so abgestimmt, dass der Saugdruck des Kompressors bei Maximaldrehzahl, das heisst, bei den hier infrage kommenden Anlagen bei zu tiefem Ansaugdruck, soweit angehoben wird, dass ein zur Ölversorgung des Kompressors ausreichender Volumenstrom erreicht ist. Damit ist der Aufbau der "Sekundär-Einspritzung" für alle weiteren Kälteanlagen des angepassten Typs ermittelt.This is achieved in that in the refrigerant-liquid line a branch is arranged in front of the injection valve, from which a line for liquid refrigerant leads to a solenoid shut-off valve that in de-energized State is closed. One leads from this solenoid shut-off valve Connection line into the suction line after the evaporator and before one if necessary, collector / liquid separator installed in the suction line. This connecting line is wholly or partially as a throttle device e.g. designed as a capillary tube or as a "fixed orifice". The required Throttling effect when the solenoid shut-off valve is open and at maximum Compressor speed is determined by experiment for the respective system type and adjusted so that the suction pressure of the compressor at maximum speed, that means, in the case of the systems in question, if the depth is too low Intake pressure, as far as raised that one for the oil supply to the compressor sufficient volume flow is reached. This is the structure of the "Secondary injection" for all other refrigeration systems of the adapted Type determined.

Die Zuschaltung dieser Sekundär-Einspritzung kann auf unterschiedliche Art erfolgen. Es kann als Impulsgeber für das Magnet-Absperrventil ein Druckschalter Verwendung finden, der bei Erreichen eines bestimmten tiefen Saugdruckes das Magnet-Absperrventil öffnet, damit zusätzlich flüssiges Kältemittel in die Saugleitung zugeführt und dadurch der Saugdruck erhöht wird. Wenn der Saudruck bei Verringerung der Kompressordrehzahl wieder soweit gestiegen ist, dass der Volumenstrom durch den Verdampfer allein für die Ölversorgung des Kompressors ausreicht, wird das Magnet-Absperrventil wieder geschlossen. The connection of this secondary injection can be different Sort of. It can be used as a pulse generator for the solenoid shut-off valve Use pressure switches when reaching a certain depth Suction pressure opens the magnetic shut-off valve, so that additional liquid Refrigerant is fed into the suction line, increasing the suction pressure becomes. When the suction pressure drops again when the compressor speed decreases has risen so far that the volume flow through the evaporator alone the solenoid shut-off valve is sufficient for the oil supply to the compressor closed again.

Es ist aber ohne Weiteres möglich, das Magnet-Absperrventil in Abhängigkeit von der Kompressordrehzahl und damit von der Drehzahl des Antriebsmotors zu steuern. Aber auch eine Steuerung in Abhängigkeit von der Überhitzungstemperatzu ist möglich.However, it is possible without further ado depending on the solenoid shut-off valve the compressor speed and thus the speed of the drive motor to control. But also a control depending on the overheating temperature is possible.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Erfindungsgegenstandes schematisch dargestellt:In the drawing is an embodiment of the subject matter of the invention represented schematically:

Vom Kompressor (1) wird das Kältemittel über die Druckleitung (2) gasförmig und komprimiert zum Kondesator (3) geführt und verflüssigt. Das flüssige Kältemittel wird durch die Flüssigkeitsleitung (4) zum Einspritzventil (6) geleitet. Vor diesem Einspritzventil (6) ist eine Rohrabzweigung (5) angeordnet, von der eine Leitung zu einem Magnet-Absperrventil (8) führt.The refrigerant is gaseous from the compressor (1) via the pressure line (2) and compressed to the condenser (3) and liquefied. The liquid Refrigerant becomes the injection valve through the liquid line (4) (6) headed. In front of this injection valve (6) is a pipe branch (5) arranged, from which a line leads to a magnetic shut-off valve (8).

Vom Magnet-Absperrventil (8) führt eine Verbindungsleitung (9) zur Einmündung (12) in die Saugleitung (11). Die Verbindungsleitung (9) enthält ein Drosselorgan (10), dessen Drosselwirkung im Versuch auf die Betriebsverhältnisse des Kompressors bei Vollast abgestimmt wird. Die Saugleitung (11) enthält zwischen der Einmündung (12) und dem Kompressor (1) einen Sammler/Flüssigkeitsabscheider (13) als Puffer gegen Flüssigkeitsschläge.A connecting line (9) leads from the magnetic shut-off valve (8) to the junction (12) into the suction line (11). The connecting line (9) contains a Throttle device (10), the throttling effect in an experiment on the operating conditions of the compressor is tuned at full load. The suction line (11) contains a collector / liquid separator between the mouth (12) and the compressor (1) (13) as a buffer against liquid hammer.

Claims (5)

Einrichtung zur Verhinderung von Kompressorschäden, insbesondere bei Kompressoren für Fahrzeugkühlung, durch Ölmangel bei sehr tiefen Ansaugtemperaturen infolge zu hoher Kompressorleistung, gekennzeichnet durch a. Anordnung einer Abzweigung (5) aus der Flüssigkeitsleitung (4) vor dem vor dem Einspritzventil (6), welche in ein Magnet-Absperrventil (8) führt, das in stromlosem Zustand geschlossen ist. b. Eine Verbindungsleitung (9) zur Saugleitung (11) nach dem Verdampfer (7). c. Die Ausbildung der Verbindungsleitung (9) oder eines Teils dieser Verbindungsleitung als Drosselorgan (10). Device for preventing compressor damage, in particular in the case of compressors for vehicle cooling, due to a lack of oil at very low intake temperatures as a result of the compressor output being too high, characterized by a. Arrangement of a branch (5) from the liquid line (4) upstream of the injection valve (6), which leads into a magnetic shut-off valve (8) which is closed in the de-energized state. b. A connecting line (9) to the suction line (11) after the evaporator (7). c. The formation of the connecting line (9) or part of this connecting line as a throttle element (10). Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Drosselwirkung des Drosselorgans (10) bei offenem Magnet-Absperrventil (6) derart durch Versuch abgestimmt ist, dass der Ansaugdruck vor dem Kompressor (1) und damit der Kältemittel-Volumenstrom bei maximaler Kompressordrehzahl so hoch ist, dass eine ausreichende Ölversorgung des Kompressors vorhanden ist.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the throttling action of the throttling member (10) when the solenoid shut-off valve (6) is open is matched by experiment in such a way that the suction pressure upstream of the compressor (1) and thus the refrigerant volume flow at maximum compressor speed are so high is that there is sufficient oil supply to the compressor. Einrichtung nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Magnet-Absperrventil (8) durch einen einstellbaren Druckschalter (14) gesteuert ist, der es bei Erreichen eines eingestellten niedrigen Saugdruckes öffnet und bei Wiederanstieg des Saugdruckes auf einen eingestellten oberen Wert wieder schliesst.Device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the magnetic shut-off valve (8) is controlled by an adjustable pressure switch (14) which opens it when a set low suction pressure is reached and closes again when the suction pressure rises to a set upper value . Einrichtung nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Magnetabsperrventil (8) in Abhängigkeit von der Kompressordrehzahl wie folgt gesteuert ist: Hohe bis Maximaldrehzahl = Ventil auf; Mittlere bis niedrige Drehzahl = Ventil zu. Device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the magnetic shut-off valve (8) is controlled as a function of the compressor speed as follows: High to maximum speed = valve open; Medium to low speed = valve closed. Einrichtung nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Magnetabsperr-Ventil (8) von der Überhitzungstemperatur wie folgt gesteuert ist: Hohe Überhitzungstemperatur = Ventil auf; Niedere Überhitzungstemperatur = Ventil zu. Device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the magnetic shut-off valve (8) is controlled by the superheating temperature as follows: High overheating temperature = valve open; Low overheating temperature = valve closed.
EP98105427A 1997-08-29 1998-03-25 Device for preventing compressor damage due to oil shortage at very low suction temperatures, particularly for vehicle refrigeration compressors Withdrawn EP0899522A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19737671A DE19737671A1 (en) 1997-08-29 1997-08-29 Device for preventing compressor damage, in particular in the case of compressors for vehicle cooling due to a lack of oil at very low intake temperatures
DE19737671 1997-08-29

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EP0899522A2 true EP0899522A2 (en) 1999-03-03
EP0899522A3 EP0899522A3 (en) 2000-03-22

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EP98105427A Withdrawn EP0899522A3 (en) 1997-08-29 1998-03-25 Device for preventing compressor damage due to oil shortage at very low suction temperatures, particularly for vehicle refrigeration compressors

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DE (1) DE19737671A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113669784A (en) * 2021-07-12 2021-11-19 浙江中广电器股份有限公司 Control method for improving oil shortage of compressor during starting of waterless floor heating and triple co-generation system

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2258458A (en) * 1938-12-12 1941-10-07 Spoehrer Lange Company Control of refrigerating fluids
US3014352A (en) * 1959-12-31 1961-12-26 Sporlan Valve Co Refrigeration control with means to limit compressor load
US3276221A (en) * 1965-02-05 1966-10-04 Ernest W Crumley Refrigeration system
US4462219A (en) * 1981-05-13 1984-07-31 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Refrigeration system
US4742689A (en) * 1986-03-18 1988-05-10 Mydax, Inc. Constant temperature maintaining refrigeration system using proportional flow throttling valve and controlled bypass loop
US5076068A (en) * 1989-07-31 1991-12-31 Kkw Kulmbacher Klimagerate-Werk Gmbh Cooling device for a plurality of coolant circuits
JPH06101911A (en) * 1992-08-26 1994-04-12 Hitachi Ltd Refrigeration cycle using non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant
US5355697A (en) * 1992-09-17 1994-10-18 Hoshizaki Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Cooling medium circuit for ice making machine etc.
US5408841A (en) * 1990-12-06 1995-04-25 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Automotive air conditioner
EP0685692A2 (en) * 1994-05-30 1995-12-06 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Refrigerant circulating system

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2258458A (en) * 1938-12-12 1941-10-07 Spoehrer Lange Company Control of refrigerating fluids
US3014352A (en) * 1959-12-31 1961-12-26 Sporlan Valve Co Refrigeration control with means to limit compressor load
US3276221A (en) * 1965-02-05 1966-10-04 Ernest W Crumley Refrigeration system
US4462219A (en) * 1981-05-13 1984-07-31 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Refrigeration system
US4742689A (en) * 1986-03-18 1988-05-10 Mydax, Inc. Constant temperature maintaining refrigeration system using proportional flow throttling valve and controlled bypass loop
US5076068A (en) * 1989-07-31 1991-12-31 Kkw Kulmbacher Klimagerate-Werk Gmbh Cooling device for a plurality of coolant circuits
US5408841A (en) * 1990-12-06 1995-04-25 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Automotive air conditioner
JPH06101911A (en) * 1992-08-26 1994-04-12 Hitachi Ltd Refrigeration cycle using non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant
US5355697A (en) * 1992-09-17 1994-10-18 Hoshizaki Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Cooling medium circuit for ice making machine etc.
EP0685692A2 (en) * 1994-05-30 1995-12-06 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Refrigerant circulating system

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 018, no. 380 (M-1639), 18. Juli 1994 (1994-07-18) & JP 06 101911 A (HITACHI LTD), 12. April 1994 (1994-04-12) *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113669784A (en) * 2021-07-12 2021-11-19 浙江中广电器股份有限公司 Control method for improving oil shortage of compressor during starting of waterless floor heating and triple co-generation system

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Publication number Publication date
DE19737671A1 (en) 1999-03-04
EP0899522A3 (en) 2000-03-22

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