EP0895573B1 - Expansion projectile - Google Patents

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/AT97/00078 Sec. 371 Date Oct. 20, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Oct. 20, 1998 PCT Filed Apr. 24, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO97/40334 PCT Pub. Date Oct. 30, 1997An expansion projectile (1) with a projectile body (2) forms a central arbor (3) at its end face and a collar (4) coaxially surrounding the arbor (3), where the collar (4) has an outer shape (6) tapering towards the free collar edge (5), and between collar (4) and arbor (3) there is provided a cavity (7) open towards the front. In order to achieve a monobloc projectile free from lead with a high efficiency and a wide range of applications in an economic way, the arbor (3) consists of shaft (31) and tip (32) the collar (4) touches the arbor (3) at least in the transition area (33) between shaft (31) and tip (32), and the arbor (3) protrudes at least up to the axial height of the collar edge (5).

Description

The invention relates to an expansion projectile with a one-piece projectile body, the face of a central dome and a coaxial surrounding the dome Collar forms, the collar tapering towards the free collar edge It has an external shape and a cavity open to the front between the collar and the dome is provided. Such an expansion floor is known from US-A-3 881 421.

Expansion projectiles that pass through after hitting a soft target medium Mushrooms open at the front in the area of the floor and through the associated expansion leads to a great shock effect, there are many Variants and according to US 3 881 421 it is already known, within this cavity a forward, bluntly rounded Form dome to end penetrate into the target medium after the first expansion of the collar surrounding the cathedral through the protruding cathedral open and facilitate upgrading. These floors usually consist of one Core of soft, but heavy metal, especially lead, to an adequate To achieve projectile weight despite the cavity, and from a projectile jacket hard metal, preferably copper, copper alloys or soft iron, around the To improve shooting conditions through a gun barrel. Expansion floors in Have monoblock construction made of copper, copper alloys or soft iron or the like has so far not proven itself, since they usually have to be machined and have a lower weight than a lead core projectile. The expansion floors made of lead or with a lead core, however, when mushrooming in the soft Target material splinters off or it at least occurs when penetrating the target medium considerable lead wear on the surface of the deformed bullet, which is associated with a very undesirable dangerous pollution, so that Pursuing lead and lead alloys largely in bullet manufacturing to avoid. In addition, the well-known expansion floors show through their Expansion effect when hitting hard target material only little penetration effect and can therefore only be used for special ammunition. Not lastly, the cavities at the top of the floor often lead to difficulties when Feeding a cartridge from the magazine into the barrel of a self-loading weapon what partially already requires the closure of the cavity by a special cap, which cap, however, as the US 4 136 616 shows, the projectile production essential complicated and yet no security against jamming.

The invention is therefore based on the object to eliminate these deficiencies and a To create an expansion floor of the type described above, which is rational as Monoblock bullet can be made without the use of lead or lead alloys can, which is characterized by its diverse range of applications and splinter-free in soft target medium penetrates and which is not least fully suitable for automatic weapons.

The invention solves this problem in that the dome consists of shaft and tip, that the collar of the cathedral at least in the transition area between the shaft and Touches the tip and that the dome at least up to the axial height of the collar edge towering. A one-piece projectile body is created, which is comparatively different low effort in a multi-stage pressing process from a cylindrical starting material can be made so that this monoblock project also as desired can be produced from copper, a copper alloy, such as tombac, or soft iron. Since the collar and dome only leave a relatively small cavity, the Compared to other expansion bullets, the weight is quite high the renunciation of lead cores and Like. Allows without loss of shot power. To do this Collar and dome in most cases along the entire height of the spine shaft pressed together, but can exceptionally also in the shaft area a narrow, ring-shaped cavity between the collar and the dome remain, which has the advantage that the injection resistance of the projectile in the traits of a firearm barrel is less than in the pressed embodiments and so the maximum gas pressure is also somewhat lower. The one with its tip to the collar edge or beyond towering cathedral results with the surrounding collar edge such a small cavity that it does is sufficient to roll the collar outwards when it hits soft target medium and mushrooming, which expanding through the leading dome accordingly is improved, but when it hits the projectile on hard target medium no such mushrooming caused and the collision against the edge of the collar the top of the cathedral is pressed and the projectile reacts like a solid jacket. It are therefore on the one hand splinter-free expansions with high in the soft target medium Shock effect and, on the other hand, large breakthrough effects in the hard target medium reached. However, it must be noted that the free height of the collar from Transitional area between the shaft and tip of the cathedral on the inside up to the collar edge at most the length of one in an axial plane from this transition area to the axis of the surface line of the top of the dome, so that at the front Press the collar edge against the dome tip of the collar edge not over the The tip of the mandrel can be compressed, which creates the risk of rolling up would bring with it. The corresponding towering cathedral also leads to a high one Dimensional stability of the projectile, which has favorable ballistic properties and above all difficulties in feeding the projectile to the barrel self-loading Avoids weapons.

The shaft essentially has an axially symmetrical shape with straight axially parallel or generators leaning forward to the axis and the subsequent ones Point an obtuse-angled axial section, there are favorable conditions for the manufacture of the projectile body by a pressing process and it is possible to Collar flawlessly to be able to put on the shaft and top of the cathedral, what before is especially important in the top area of the cathedral when hitting hard target medium. The shaft of the mandrel will usually be cylindrical or frustoconical, but it is also possible to prismatic or truncated pyramid design what happens when you put the collar on the tip and shaft along the edges notch-related predetermined breaking points, which causes the collar to mushroom Splitting into strips easier.

If the collar is pressed radially inwards in the edge area, the projectile diameter tapers stronger towards the tip than through the pure outer shape of the collar, what improves the bullet's suitability for self-loading weapons.

The collar can also be pressed against the dome tip in the edge area, as a result of which the Size of the cavity open to the front is minimized and the suitability of the Bullet can be reinforced as a solid jacket bullet.

In order to mushroom the projectile body regardless of the design of the cathedral When hitting soft target medium, the collar in the edge area can improve Have predetermined breaking points, which by dividing the collar into strips facilitate rolling up the collar against the weft direction. It is possible, the predetermined breaking points by notches or the like. on the inner surface of the jacket or outside surface or only at the collar edge.

To have a special penetration effect even with very hard objects, such as To achieve steel, bulletproof glass or the like can be a hard material shell on the cathedral be put on, which can also influence the weight of the projectile.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the projectile body has a bottom-side recess, which optionally extends into the cathedral. This recess can remain hollow to reduce the weight of the projectile, it can but also to increase weight with specifically heavy material such as tungsten, Bismuth etc., be filled and it also offers the possibility of one when firing fill in a tracer chemical mass.

If the mandrel has a hollow that is open towards the tip, the can be used for special cases Expansion effect can be increased because it then hits soft The target medium rolls up both the collar and the mandrel.

Fig. 1 und 2

ein erfindungsgemäßes Expansionsgeschoß in teilgeschnittener Seitenansicht bzw. im Querschnitt nach der Linie II-II der Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 und 4

dieses Expansionsgeschoß nach dem Einschlagen in weiches bzw. hartes Zielmedium im Axialschnitt,

Fig. 5

ein abgeändertes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Expansionsgeschosses im Axialschnitt,

Fig. 6

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Expansionsgeschosses im Querschnitt, die

Fig. 7 bis 12

mehrere verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele eines erfindungsgemäßen Expansionsgeschosses jeweils im Axialschnitt und die

Fig. 13 bis 15

das Herstellen eines erfindungsgemäßen Expansionsgeschosses an Hand dreier Herstellungsschritte jeweils im Funktionsschema.

In the drawing, the subject matter of the invention is illustrated schematically, namely show

1 and 2

an expansion floor according to the invention in a partially sectioned side view or in cross section along the line II-II of Fig. 1st

3 and 4

this expansion storey after impacting in soft or hard target medium in axial section,

Fig. 5

a modified embodiment of an expansion projectile according to the invention in axial section,

Fig. 6

another embodiment of an expansion floor in cross section, the

7 to 12

several different embodiments of an expansion projectile according to the invention each in axial section and

13 to 15

the manufacture of an expansion projectile according to the invention using three manufacturing steps, each in the functional diagram.

1 and 2, an expansion floor 1 consists of a floor body 2, the front into a central dome 3 and a coaxially surrounding the dome Collar 4 merges, the collar 4 tapering towards the collar edge 5 Has outer shape 6 and between collar 4 and dome 3 an open to the front Cavity 7 is provided. The projectile body 2 is preferably a monoblock Copper or a copper alloy or from soft iron, made and to increase of the weight based on the total volume, mandrel 3 and collar 4 are largely pressed close together. The dome 3 forms a shaft 31 and a tip 32, it projects up to the axial height of the collar edge 5 and the collar 4 touches the shaft 3 at least in the transition region 33 between the shaft 31 and Tip 32.

A lead-free monoblock floor is created, due to the small cavity 7 nevertheless has a comparatively high bullet weight in the tip area. By The special design of the cathedral and mantle responds to this expansion floor when penetrating into soft target medium like a conventional expansion bullet Mushrooming of the collar 4 (Fig. 3), which leads to a high shock effect, it behaves but when hitting a hard target medium like a solid jacket bullet with high Penetration effect, since the edge area of the collar 4 by opening hard surfaces is pressed against the mandrel tip 32 (Fig. 4). Through targeted Design differences of mandrel and collar allow the expansion effects or affect full-coat effects as desired, breaking points 8 in Edge region of the collar 4 for a segment-shaped rolling up of the collar 4 lead against the shot direction and thus additionally improve the expansion can.

Due to the towering mandrel 3 and the contact of the dome 3 and collar 4 in the transition area The collar 4 of the projectile 1 becomes 33 from the shaft 31 to the tip 32 Dimensionally stable supported on the inside, which results in favorable ballistic properties and the projectile is also suitable for self-loading weapons.

The expansion floor according to the invention can be started in various ways adapt special tasks and effects without changing the basic structure to have to:

5, the base body 102 with an expansion floor 101 Mandrel 103 and a collar 104 equipped, which collar 104 the dome 103 touched only in the transition area 133 between shaft 131 and tip 132, so that an annular gap 171 remains between the collar 104 and the mandrel shaft 131, which the injection resistance of the projectile 101 in the trains of a gun barrel is reduced. This annular gap 171 contributes to the expansion effect due to the forward opening Cavity 107 between mandrel tip 132 and collar edge 105 nothing. How dashed indicated, the dome 103 can also have a cavity 115 open towards the top 132 have, whereby when striking soft target medium collar 104 and dome 103 mushrooms and the expansion effect is strengthened. This cavity also bears 115 to increase the radial elasticity of the base body 102.

6, on an expansion floor 201, the mandrel 203 can have a polygonal, For example, have a hexagonal cross-section, so that in the inner wall 241 of the collar 204 pressed-in edges 234 predetermined breaking points arise, similar to the notches 8 in the area of the collar edge 5 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 act and the roll of the collar 204 when hitting soft target medium facilitate.

According to FIG. 7, the expansion floor 301 forms one with its base body 302 Mandrel 303, which is an axially symmetrical shape with a straight forward axis A tending generatrix E, with a circular cross section a truncated cone or, in the case of a polygonal cross section, results in a truncated pyramid. The associated collar 304 conforms conformably to the dome 331. The tip 332 adjoining the shaft 331 has a blunt conical shape Axial section, d. H. in axial section the opening angle a is at least 90 °.

According to FIG. 8, an expansion floor 401 is provided, in which the collar 404 is pressed against the dome 403 along the entire inner wall, so that the Area of the collar edge 405 rests on the surface of the dome tip 432. It there remains only a very small cavity 407 open to the front, as a result of which the Full shell effect of the projectile is reinforced.

9, the expansion floor 501 is designed to be particularly hard To be able to penetrate objects, including a hard material cover on the Dom 503 9, for example a steel cap, is put over. Here too is largely Pressing the collar 504 against the hard material sleeve 9, which conforms to the mandrel 503 Has a shape, for the smallest possible open cavity 507 worried.

10, an expansion floor 601 is illustrated, the floor body 602 on the end face in a mandrel 603 and a coaxial to the dome Collar 604 merges. The projectile body 602 is, however, open at the bottom Provide recess 10, for example a tracer when firing Record the generating chemical mass, but also to influence the weight of the projectile remain hollow or can be filled with specifically heavy material.

11 shows an expansible projectile 701 which can be used for hunting, in which the mandrel 703 with a slender tip 732 over the edge 705 of the collar 704 towering.

12, a similar hunting expansion floor 801 is illustrated, the mandrel 803 in turn with a blunt dome tip 832 up to the axial height of the collar edge 805 of the collar 804 protrudes. Bullet body 802 is here provided with a recess 810 at the bottom and with an additional weight 11 made of specifically heavy material, such as tungsten or bismuth, but also lead.

As illustrated in FIGS. 13, 14 and 15, an inventive one can be Expansion storey 1 in a few steps by a pressing process largely without Machining, whereby from a cylindrical blank 1a is assumed. 13, this blank 1a is in a pressing tool 12 Die 13 and punch 14 introduced and in a first pressing step to one frustoconical rough form 1b pressed with mandrel and collar. This raw form 1b comes in the following pressing step according to FIG. 14 into a pressing tool 112 Blank adapted die 113 and suitable punch 114, so that with this Tool made a raw floor 1c cylindrical basic shape with collar and mandrel 15, then in the next pressing step according to FIG. 15 with a suitable tool 212, which has a corresponding die 213 and a suitable punch 214, the finished expansion floor 1 is pressed from the raw floor 1c, whereby the edge-side notches for the predetermined breaking points in the Collar can be embossed. Depending on the particular shape of the projectile or the associated dome or collar, this pressing process can be taken for granted supplement by additional procedural steps to the required extent and expand.

Claims (8)

1. An expansion bullet (1) with a one-piece body (2), which at the end face forms a central dome (3) and a collar (4) coaxially surrounding the dome (3), the collar (4) having an external shape which tapers towards the free collar edge (5) and a forwardly open cavity (7) is provided between the collar (4) and the dome (3), characterised in that the dome (3) consists of a shank (31) and tip (32), in that the collar (4) touches the dome (3) at least in the transition zone (33) between the shank (31) and the tip (32), and in that the dome (3) projects at least into the axial height region of the collar edge (5).
2. An expansion bullet according to claim 1, characterised in that the shank (31, 331) has substantially an axially symmetrical shape with straight axis-parallel generatrices (E) or generatrices (E) inclined forwardly to the axis (A) and the adjoining tip (32, 332) has an obtuse-angle axial section.
3. An expansion bullet according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the collar (4) is pressed inwards radially in the edge zone (Fig. 1).
4. An expansion bullet according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the collar (404) is pressed against the dome tip (432) in the edge zone (Figs. 8 and 9).
5. An expansion bullet according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the collar (4) has predetermined breaking points (8) in the edge zone (Fig. 1).
6. An expansion bullet according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that a hard metal casing (9) is inverted over the dome (503) (Fig. 9).
7. An expansion bullet according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the bullet body (602, 802) has a recess (10, 810) at the bottom, said recess extending if required into the dome (603) (Figs. 10 and 12).
8. An expansion bullet according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the dome (103) has a cavity (115) open towards the tip (132).

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