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EP0894197B1 - Vane element - Google Patents

Vane element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0894197B1
EP0894197B1 EP97919846A EP97919846A EP0894197B1 EP 0894197 B1 EP0894197 B1 EP 0894197B1 EP 97919846 A EP97919846 A EP 97919846A EP 97919846 A EP97919846 A EP 97919846A EP 0894197 B1 EP0894197 B1 EP 0894197B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor blade
opening
ring
composite material
fibres
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97919846A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0894197A1 (en
Inventor
Karl-Otto Strömberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Technology FLB AB
Original Assignee
ABB Technology FLB AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Technology FLB AB filed Critical ABB Technology FLB AB
Publication of EP0894197A1 publication Critical patent/EP0894197A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0894197B1 publication Critical patent/EP0894197B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
    • F04D29/023—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/38—Blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/40—Organic materials
    • F05D2300/43—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05D2300/603—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05D2300/603—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
    • F05D2300/6034—Orientation of fibres, weaving, ply angle

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rotor blade to be attached to a hub in a rotor, such as a vane to be attached to a hub of a fan.
  • Fan blades are usually made of metal, for instance steel or aluminium. There is today a need of manufacturing fan blades of a material which is more chemically resistant than metal and consequently can resist a chemically aggressive environment in a better manner than metal, for instance in the chemical process industry. There is also a need of making the fan blades lighter, which means that the fan on which the blades are mounted can be operated at higher speeds, and that in some cases the fan can be made smaller and thus less expensive. Attempts have therefore been made to manufacture fan blades of composite material of fibre-reinforced plastic. These fan blades are chemically resistant and light, but it has proved difficult to fasten them to a hub of a fan in a satisfactory manner.
  • connection between blade and hub usually is a bolt connection with bolts, which extend through the base of the blade and are screwed into the hub or a holder arranged thereon.
  • Such connections are known, for example from US-A-3 565 547.
  • the fan blades made of composite material tend to be destroyed at high speeds of the fan and thus great stress since cracks arise in the base of the blade in the area of the bolt connection.
  • a specific object of the present invention therefore is to provide a fan blade, which has the desired properties and besides can be attached to a hub of a fan in a satisfactory manner.
  • a more general object of the invention is to provide a rotor blade, which has the desired properties and can be attached to a hub in a rotor without breaking at high rotor speeds and when subjected to great stress.
  • a rotor blade which is characterised in that the rotor blade is made essentially of a composite material of fibre-reinforced plastic, that the base of the rotor blade comprises a metal ring with means for attaching the rotor blade to the hub, said ring having an opening, which has a cross-sectional area increasing in the direction away from the rotor blade, that a rigid reinforcing element is arranged in the opening of the ring, and that the composite material extends into the ring, reinforcing fibres in the base of the rotor blade extending into the opening of the ring between the reinforcing element and the wall of the opening essentially in parallel therewith.
  • the opening of the ring has the form of a truncated cone.
  • the reinforcing element suitably contains carbon fibres and, in a preferred embodiment, is formed of a carbon-fibre strand, which is rolled into a disk-shaped roll and which during manufacture of the rotor blade in a mould is arranged in the opening of the ring to press the reinforcing fibres in the opening in the direction of the wall of the opening.
  • the composition of the composite material of fibres and plastic in the base of the rotor blade is preferably selected such that the composite material therein has a linear expansion characteristic adapted to the metal ring.
  • the composite material suitably is glass-fibre reinforced epoxy plastic.
  • the glass-fibre reinforcement in the base of the rotor blade is supplemented with a carbon-fibre reinforcement with carbon fibres, which extend substantially transversely of the glass fibres in the glass-fibre reinforcement in the base.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a fan blade 1, which is to be attached to a hub (not shown) in a fan (not shown) by means of four fixing bolts (not shown), which are to be screwed into the hub or a holder arranged thereon.
  • the blade 1 is made of a composite material of fibre-reinforced plastic.
  • the composite material is a glass- and carbon-fibre reinforced epoxy plastic.
  • other fibres than glass fibres and carbon fibres e.g. aramide fibres, can be used as fibre reinforcement.
  • other polymers than epoxy plastic can be used as a matrix.
  • two mats each consisting of several layers of oriented glass fibres, and an intermediate plastic core 2 (Fig. 4) are placed in a mould, whereupon a circular ring 3 of metal, e.g. steel, is arranged in the mould at one end thereof.
  • the ring 3 has an opening 4 which is conical in a truncated manner and is of a cross-sectional area increasing in the direction away from the mould.
  • the glass fibres at the end of the mats closest to the ring 3 (this end constituting the base end of the completed blade 1) are introduced into the opening 4 of the ring 3 and are pressed against the wall of the opening 4.
  • a "bundle" of glass fibres is arranged in the pointed portion A, indicated by dashed lines in Fig. 4, between the mat glass fibres pressed against the wall of the opening 4.
  • a carbon-fibre strand which is rolled into a disk-shaped roll and which is to form a rigid reinforcing element 5 in the completed blade 1, is arranged in the opening 4 of the ring 3 on the outside of the bundle of glass fibres in order to retain the glass fibres in the position when pressed in the direction of the wall of the opening 4.
  • the mould is closed, whereupon epoxy plastic is injected so as to form the blade 1.
  • the completed blade 1 thus consists of a composite material 6 (including the area A) of glass-fibre reinforced epoxy plastic and having a core 2 of plastic and a reinforcing element 5 in the form of a carbon-fibre/epoxy-plastic composite.
  • the base of the blade 1 consists of the metal ring 3, the reinforcing element 5 and that part of the composite material 6 which is located in the opening 4 of the ring 3 and in which the glass fibres extend conically along the wall of the opening 4 between the wall and the reinforcing element 5, which prevents the glass fibres in the ring 3 from being pressed towards the centre of the ring when the blade 1 is subjected to great stress, and the body of the blade from being pulled out of the ring 3.
  • the ring 3 has a bolt hole 7 for each fixing bolt.
  • the blade 1 is attached to a hub by means of the fixing bolts, which are inserted into the holes 7 in the ring 3 and screwed into the hub or a holder arranged thereon.
  • the above-described fan blade 1 is light compared with previously used metal blades, and besides it has appeared to withstand high speeds of the fan without its base breaking adjacent to the bolt connection.
  • the composition of fibres and plastic in the composite material 6 in the blade base is selected such that the composite material therein has a linear expansion characteristic which is adapted to the metal ring 3, thereby reducing as much as possible the effects of the expansion and contraction of the ring under various temperature conditions, i.e. such that the composite material is able to follow the ring 3 in the temperature-dependent movements thereof.
  • the glass-fibre reinforcement in the blade base is, in a preferred embodiment of the fan blade 1, supplemented with a carbon-fibre reinforcement with carbon fibres, which in the manufacture of the blade in the mould are arranged among the glass fibres in the area of the ring 3 so as to extend in the completed blade 1 substantially transversely of these glass fibres in the composite material.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Transplanting Machines (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

A rotor blade to be attached to a hub in a rotor, such as a vane (1) to be attached to a hub of a fan, is made essentially of a composite material (6) of fibre-reinforced plastic. The base of the rotor blade comprises a metal ring (3) with means for attachment of the rotor blade to the hub. The ring (3) has an opening (4), which has a cross-sectional area increasing in the direction away from the rotor blade. A rigid reinforcing element (5) is arranged in the opening (4), and the composite material (6) extends into the ring (3) such that reinforcing fibres in the base of the rotor blade extend into the opening (4) between the reinforcing element (5) and the wall of the opening (4) essentially in parallel therewith.

Description

The present invention relates to a rotor blade to be attached to a hub in a rotor, such as a vane to be attached to a hub of a fan.
Fan blades are usually made of metal, for instance steel or aluminium. There is today a need of manufacturing fan blades of a material which is more chemically resistant than metal and consequently can resist a chemically aggressive environment in a better manner than metal, for instance in the chemical process industry. There is also a need of making the fan blades lighter, which means that the fan on which the blades are mounted can be operated at higher speeds, and that in some cases the fan can be made smaller and thus less expensive. Attempts have therefore been made to manufacture fan blades of composite material of fibre-reinforced plastic. These fan blades are chemically resistant and light, but it has proved difficult to fasten them to a hub of a fan in a satisfactory manner. The connection between blade and hub usually is a bolt connection with bolts, which extend through the base of the blade and are screwed into the hub or a holder arranged thereon. Such connections are known, for example from US-A-3 565 547. Regrettably, it has been found that the fan blades made of composite material tend to be destroyed at high speeds of the fan and thus great stress since cracks arise in the base of the blade in the area of the bolt connection.
A specific object of the present invention therefore is to provide a fan blade, which has the desired properties and besides can be attached to a hub of a fan in a satisfactory manner.
A more general object of the invention is to provide a rotor blade, which has the desired properties and can be attached to a hub in a rotor without breaking at high rotor speeds and when subjected to great stress.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by a rotor blade, which is characterised in that the rotor blade is made essentially of a composite material of fibre-reinforced plastic, that the base of the rotor blade comprises a metal ring with means for attaching the rotor blade to the hub, said ring having an opening, which has a cross-sectional area increasing in the direction away from the rotor blade, that a rigid reinforcing element is arranged in the opening of the ring, and that the composite material extends into the ring, reinforcing fibres in the base of the rotor blade extending into the opening of the ring between the reinforcing element and the wall of the opening essentially in parallel therewith.
In a preferred embodiment, the opening of the ring has the form of a truncated cone.
The reinforcing element suitably contains carbon fibres and, in a preferred embodiment, is formed of a carbon-fibre strand, which is rolled into a disk-shaped roll and which during manufacture of the rotor blade in a mould is arranged in the opening of the ring to press the reinforcing fibres in the opening in the direction of the wall of the opening.
The composition of the composite material of fibres and plastic in the base of the rotor blade is preferably selected such that the composite material therein has a linear expansion characteristic adapted to the metal ring. The composite material suitably is glass-fibre reinforced epoxy plastic. In a preferred embodiment, the glass-fibre reinforcement in the base of the rotor blade is supplemented with a carbon-fibre reinforcement with carbon fibres, which extend substantially transversely of the glass fibres in the glass-fibre reinforcement in the base.
The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
  • Fig. 1 is a side view of a fan blade according to the present invention,
  • Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the fan blade,
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the fan blade along the line III-III in Fig. 1, and
  • Fig. 4 corresponds to Fig. 3, but shows the base portion of the fan blade on a larger scale.
    • The drawings illustrate a fan blade 1, which is to be attached to a hub (not shown) in a fan (not shown) by means of four fixing bolts (not shown), which are to be screwed into the hub or a holder arranged thereon.
    The blade 1 is made of a composite material of fibre-reinforced plastic. In a preferred embodiment, the composite material is a glass- and carbon-fibre reinforced epoxy plastic. However, it will be appreciated that other fibres than glass fibres and carbon fibres, e.g. aramide fibres, can be used as fibre reinforcement. It will also be appreciated that other polymers than epoxy plastic can be used as a matrix.
    In the manufacture of the blade 1, two mats, each consisting of several layers of oriented glass fibres, and an intermediate plastic core 2 (Fig. 4) are placed in a mould, whereupon a circular ring 3 of metal, e.g. steel, is arranged in the mould at one end thereof. The ring 3 has an opening 4 which is conical in a truncated manner and is of a cross-sectional area increasing in the direction away from the mould. The glass fibres at the end of the mats closest to the ring 3 (this end constituting the base end of the completed blade 1) are introduced into the opening 4 of the ring 3 and are pressed against the wall of the opening 4. A "bundle" of glass fibres is arranged in the pointed portion A, indicated by dashed lines in Fig. 4, between the mat glass fibres pressed against the wall of the opening 4. A carbon-fibre strand, which is rolled into a disk-shaped roll and which is to form a rigid reinforcing element 5 in the completed blade 1, is arranged in the opening 4 of the ring 3 on the outside of the bundle of glass fibres in order to retain the glass fibres in the position when pressed in the direction of the wall of the opening 4. The mould is closed, whereupon epoxy plastic is injected so as to form the blade 1.
    The completed blade 1 thus consists of a composite material 6 (including the area A) of glass-fibre reinforced epoxy plastic and having a core 2 of plastic and a reinforcing element 5 in the form of a carbon-fibre/epoxy-plastic composite.
    The base of the blade 1 consists of the metal ring 3, the reinforcing element 5 and that part of the composite material 6 which is located in the opening 4 of the ring 3 and in which the glass fibres extend conically along the wall of the opening 4 between the wall and the reinforcing element 5, which prevents the glass fibres in the ring 3 from being pressed towards the centre of the ring when the blade 1 is subjected to great stress, and the body of the blade from being pulled out of the ring 3.
    The ring 3 has a bolt hole 7 for each fixing bolt. As mentioned above, the blade 1 is attached to a hub by means of the fixing bolts, which are inserted into the holes 7 in the ring 3 and screwed into the hub or a holder arranged thereon. The above-described fan blade 1 is light compared with previously used metal blades, and besides it has appeared to withstand high speeds of the fan without its base breaking adjacent to the bolt connection.
    The composition of fibres and plastic in the composite material 6 in the blade base is selected such that the composite material therein has a linear expansion characteristic which is adapted to the metal ring 3, thereby reducing as much as possible the effects of the expansion and contraction of the ring under various temperature conditions, i.e. such that the composite material is able to follow the ring 3 in the temperature-dependent movements thereof. To this end, the glass-fibre reinforcement in the blade base is, in a preferred embodiment of the fan blade 1, supplemented with a carbon-fibre reinforcement with carbon fibres, which in the manufacture of the blade in the mould are arranged among the glass fibres in the area of the ring 3 so as to extend in the completed blade 1 substantially transversely of these glass fibres in the composite material.

    Claims (7)

    1. A rotor blade to be attached to a hub in a rotor, such as a vane (1) to be attached to a hub of a fan, characterised in that the rotor blade is made essentially of a composite material (6) of fibre-reinforced plastic, that the base of the rotor blade comprises a metal ring (3) with means (7) for attaching the rotor blade to the hub, said ring having an opening (4), which has a cross-sectional area increasing in the direction away from the rotor blade, that a rigid reinforcing element (5) is arranged in the opening (4) of the ring (3), and that the composite material (6) extends into the ring, reinforcing fibres in the base of the rotor blade extending into the opening (4) of the ring (3) between the reinforcing element (5) and the wall of the opening (4) essentially in parallel therewith.
    2. A rotor blade as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the opening (4) of the ring (3) has the form of a truncated cone.
    3. A rotor blade as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the reinforcing element (5) contains carbon fibres.
    4. A rotor blade as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that the reinforcing element (5) is formed of a carbon-fibre strand, which is rolled into a disk-shaped roll and which during manufacture of the rotor blade in a mould is arranged in the opening (4) of the ring (3) to press the reinforcing fibres in the opening in the direction of the wall of the opening.
    5. A rotor blade as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, characterised in that the composition of the composite material (6) of fibres and plastic in the base of the rotor blade is selected such that the composite material therein has a linear expansion characteristic adapted to the metal ring (3).
    6. A rotor blade as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, characterised in that the composite material (6) is a glass-fibre reinforced epoxy plastic.
    7. A rotor blade as claimed in claims 5 and 6, characterised in that the glass-fibre reinforcement in the base of the rotor blade is supplemented with a carbon-fibre reinforcement with carbon fibres, which extend substantially transversely of the glass fibres in the glass-fibre reinforcement in the base.
    EP97919846A 1996-04-17 1997-04-10 Vane element Expired - Lifetime EP0894197B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (3)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    SE9601452 1996-04-17
    SE9601452A SE506358C2 (en) 1996-04-17 1996-04-17 Rotor blade for attaching to a hub of a rotor, such as a vane for attaching to a fan hub
    PCT/SE1997/000591 WO1997039243A1 (en) 1996-04-17 1997-04-10 Vane element

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0894197A1 EP0894197A1 (en) 1999-02-03
    EP0894197B1 true EP0894197B1 (en) 2002-12-11

    Family

    ID=20402223

    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP97919846A Expired - Lifetime EP0894197B1 (en) 1996-04-17 1997-04-10 Vane element

    Country Status (15)

    Country Link
    EP (1) EP0894197B1 (en)
    AT (1) ATE229621T1 (en)
    AU (1) AU2418597A (en)
    BG (1) BG62899B1 (en)
    CZ (1) CZ287302B6 (en)
    DE (1) DE69717802D1 (en)
    EE (1) EE9800332A (en)
    HU (1) HU221148B1 (en)
    NO (1) NO984857L (en)
    PL (1) PL182614B1 (en)
    RU (1) RU2172434C2 (en)
    SE (1) SE506358C2 (en)
    SK (1) SK142198A3 (en)
    TR (1) TR199802076T2 (en)
    WO (1) WO1997039243A1 (en)

    Families Citing this family (3)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US9895840B2 (en) 2014-05-15 2018-02-20 The Boeing Company Thermoformed cascades for jet engine thrust reversers
    DE102014215089A1 (en) * 2014-07-31 2016-02-04 Ksb Aktiengesellschaft Flow guiding component
    US20180291913A1 (en) * 2015-10-16 2018-10-11 R.E.M. Holding S.R.L. Connecting element for connecting a blade to the hub in an industrial axial fan, and blade system comprising said connecting element

    Family Cites Families (4)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US3565547A (en) * 1969-02-24 1971-02-23 Carrier Corp Turbomachine rotor construction
    FR2427494A1 (en) * 1978-06-01 1979-12-28 Neu Sa Large dia. fan blade - has lengthwise member with plastics honeycomb cores forming leading and trailing edges
    FR2685732B1 (en) * 1991-12-31 1994-02-25 Snecma BLADE OF TURBOMACHINE IN COMPOSITE MATERIAL.
    BR9300312A (en) * 1993-02-02 1993-07-27 Alpina Equipamentos Ind Ltda IMPROVEMENT IN FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC PAS

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    PL182614B1 (en) 2002-02-28
    EP0894197A1 (en) 1999-02-03
    CZ330698A3 (en) 1999-11-17
    CZ287302B6 (en) 2000-10-11
    AU2418597A (en) 1997-11-07
    NO984857D0 (en) 1998-10-16
    EE9800332A (en) 1999-04-15
    SK142198A3 (en) 1999-06-11
    SE9601452D0 (en) 1996-04-17
    HUP9901657A3 (en) 2000-02-28
    BG62899B1 (en) 2000-10-31
    SE506358C2 (en) 1997-12-08
    SE9601452L (en) 1997-10-18
    PL329393A1 (en) 1999-03-29
    ATE229621T1 (en) 2002-12-15
    RU2172434C2 (en) 2001-08-20
    HU221148B1 (en) 2002-08-28
    DE69717802D1 (en) 2003-01-23
    HUP9901657A2 (en) 1999-08-30
    BG102834A (en) 1999-04-30
    TR199802076T2 (en) 1998-12-21
    WO1997039243A1 (en) 1997-10-23
    NO984857L (en) 1998-12-11

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