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EP0890060A1 - Systeme d'eclairage comprenant des microprismes pourvus de dispositifs de blocage - Google Patents

Systeme d'eclairage comprenant des microprismes pourvus de dispositifs de blocage

Info

Publication number
EP0890060A1
EP0890060A1 EP97916914A EP97916914A EP0890060A1 EP 0890060 A1 EP0890060 A1 EP 0890060A1 EP 97916914 A EP97916914 A EP 97916914A EP 97916914 A EP97916914 A EP 97916914A EP 0890060 A1 EP0890060 A1 EP 0890060A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
ofthe
light source
assembly
illumination system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97916914A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0890060B1 (fr
Inventor
Janpu Hou
Waltraud Rosalie Unger
Jerry Wayne Kuper
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Honeywell International Inc
Original Assignee
AlliedSignal Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AlliedSignal Inc filed Critical AlliedSignal Inc
Publication of EP0890060A1 publication Critical patent/EP0890060A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0890060B1 publication Critical patent/EP0890060B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133605—Direct backlight including specially adapted reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V11/00—Screens not covered by groups F21V1/00, F21V3/00, F21V7/00 or F21V9/00
    • F21V11/06—Screens not covered by groups F21V1/00, F21V3/00, F21V7/00 or F21V9/00 using crossed laminae or strips, e.g. grid-shaped louvers; using lattices or honeycombs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/002—Refractors for light sources using microoptical elements for redirecting or diffusing light
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/002—Refractors for light sources using microoptical elements for redirecting or diffusing light
    • F21V5/005—Refractors for light sources using microoptical elements for redirecting or diffusing light using microprisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0091—Reflectors for light sources using total internal reflection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V11/00—Screens not covered by groups F21V1/00, F21V3/00, F21V7/00 or F21V9/00
    • F21V11/08—Screens not covered by groups F21V1/00, F21V3/00, F21V7/00 or F21V9/00 using diaphragms containing one or more apertures
    • F21V11/14—Screens not covered by groups F21V1/00, F21V3/00, F21V7/00 or F21V9/00 using diaphragms containing one or more apertures with many small apertures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V17/00—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages
    • F21V17/10—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages characterised by specific fastening means or way of fastening
    • F21V17/101—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages characterised by specific fastening means or way of fastening permanently, e.g. welding, gluing or riveting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2103/00—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2103/00—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes
    • F21Y2103/30—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes curved
    • F21Y2103/37—U-shaped
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2113/00—Combination of light sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133504—Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements
    • G02F1/133507—Films for enhancing the luminance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
    • G02F1/133607—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members the light controlling member including light directing or refracting elements, e.g. prisms or lenses

Definitions

  • Figure 1 is a conceptual schematic block diagram of illumination system
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of one embodiment ofthe illumination system
  • Figures 3-5 are schematic cross-sectional diagrams of alternatiye reflectors for a light source
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional diagram of a microprism ofthe light-directing assembly of Figure 2;
  • Figures 7-12 are perspective views of alternative microprism structures
  • Figure 13 is a perspective view of an array of rectilinear microprisms
  • Figure 14 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of an embodiment ofthe back-coupled illumination system without lenses
  • Figure 15 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of an array of microprisms and lenses offset with respect to the geometric centers ofthe microprisms;
  • Figures 16-23 are schematic cross-sectional diagrams of light-directing assemblies with various alternative reflective elements;
  • Figure 24 is a top view of a mask used in the illumination system of Figure 18;
  • Figures 25-28 are perspective views of alternative illumination systems
  • Figures 29-32 are schematic cross-sectional diagrams of additional alternative illumination systems
  • Figure 33 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of an illumination system
  • Figures 34 and 35 are examples of a commercial troffer and a downlight incorporating the illumination systems described here.
  • the present invention is directed to an illumination system comprising (a) a light source and (b) a light-directing assembly in close proximity to the light source and comprising (i) at least one microprism, wherein the microprism comprises an input surface that admits light radiating from the light source, an output surface distal from and parallel to the input surface, and at least one sidewall disposed between and contiguous with the input and output surfaces and forming an obtuse tilt angle with respect to the input surface and further positioned for effecting total reflection ofthe light rays received by the input surface, and (ii) at least one blocking means for blocking the passage of light through the sidewall
  • a conceptual representation ofthe invention is an illumination system 10 in the schematic block diagram of Figure 1.
  • the illumination system 10 is divided into two sub-assemblies: an illumination assembly 12 and a light-directing assembly 14.
  • the arrow 20 indicates the intended direction of travel ofthe light waves from the illumination source 12, through the light-directing assembly 14, and to the intended object (not shown). It should be appreciated that this drawing is merely a schematic representation ofthe structure and is not intended to convey actual or relative dimensions ofthe system's components or their physical arrangement
  • FIG. 2 A specific embodiment 100 ofthe illumination system is shown in Figure 2.
  • the system 100 has an illumination assembly 1 10 and a light-directing assembly 120 of at least one microprism 122 optionally carried on one side of a base wall 124.
  • the light-directing assembly 120 may optionally have a lens or lens array 140 of individual lenses 142 on the other side ofthe base wall 124 to control the angular distribution ofthe light output ofthe illumination system 100.
  • the illumination assembly 110 has a light source 112, for which one may select an incandescent lamp, a light emitting diode (LED), a metal or halogen high intensity discharge (HID) lamp, a fluorescent lamp, or some other source suitable to the application.
  • a light source 112 for which one may select an incandescent lamp, a light emitting diode (LED), a metal or halogen high intensity discharge (HID) lamp, a fluorescent lamp, or some other source suitable to the application.
  • the illumination assembly 110 has a reflector 150 positioned behind and/or around the light source 112, that is, in the direction away from the light-directing assembly 120.
  • the reflector 150 redirects light rays propagating away from the light-directing assembly 120 back towards the microprisms 122.
  • the reflector 150 may be fabricated from a diffuse or a highly specular material such as polished aluminum or white paint, although in some applications a specular material may be preferable
  • the material selected for the reflector should have a reflectivity in a range of about 75%-90%, and preferably greater than 90% The reflectivity may be measured with several commercially available instruments such as the Macbeth #7100 Spectrophotometer, New Windsor, N Y, or a Perkin Elmer #330 Spectrophotometer, Danbury, CT
  • the location ofthe reflector with respect to the light source and the light-directing assembly, and the distances therebetween, should be selected to maximize the light directed to the light-directing assembly
  • the locations and distances can be determined from the relative sizes ofthe light source and the reflector, and the design ofthe reflector Depending on the physical dimensions ofthe light source, the distance between the light source and the reflector is typically one-to-two times the diameter ofthe light source The distance between the light source and the light-directing assembly is also typically one
  • the distance between the lamp and the reflector, as well as the distance between the lamp and the light-directing assembly typically will range from 0.625" to 1.375"
  • the reflector 150 of Figure 2 has a parabolic shape, other shapes and configurations may be utilized, as will readily occur to one skilled in the art
  • the reflector 230 is rectilinear in shape and has two sidewalls 232 and a base 234 To accommodate the geometry and dispersion pattern ofthe light source 112, the angle ofthe sidewalls 232 with respect to the base 234 may be adjusted to define a right, acute, or obtuse angle.
  • reflector 150 could be implemented in two or more sections.
  • each microprism 122 shown in Figure 2 is polyhedra having four angled sides
  • the structure of these particular microprisms are discussed in detail in U.S. Patent No. 5,396,350, issued March 7, 1995, to Beeson et al., for a Backlighting Apparatus Employing an Array of Microprisms, inco ⁇ orated herein by reference.
  • each microprism 122 has an input surface 132, output surface 134, and opposing sidewalls 136 each contiguous with the input and output surfaces 132 and 134; the junction ofthe sidewalls 136 and the input
  • FIG. 13 shows an array 200 of rectilinear microprisms 210 supported on a base wall 220.
  • Figures 8-12 illustrate alternative microprisms: conical (Figure 8), polyhedronal ( Figure 9), polyhedronal curvilinear ( Figures 10 and 11), and curvilinear ( Figure 12) microprisms.
  • the foregoing list is illustrative only, other geometrical shapes could be used, as will readily occur to one skilled in the art.
  • the cross-sections ofthe microprisms 122 could be asymmetrical (e.g., rectangular)
  • the dimensions ofthe microprisms 122 affect the light output distribution ofthe light-directing assembly 120 Specifically, the area ofthe input surface 132,
  • the height ofthe sidewall surfaces 136, and the tilt angle ⁇ ofthe sidewalls 136 may be adjusted with respect to each other to alter the passage of light through the microprisms 122.
  • a narrower output angular distribution can be achieved by reducing the surface area ofthe input surface 132, while increasing the height of the sidewalls 136 and minimizing the obtuse tilt angles ⁇
  • the output angular distribution can be increased by increasing the surface area of he input surface 132, along with reducing the height ofthe sidewall 136 and increasing the
  • additional control ofthe angular dispersion ofthe output ofthe illumination system 100 can be achieved by varying the thickness ofthe wall 124 For a given positive radius of curvature ofthe lens 142, an increase in the thickness ofthe base wall 124, increasing the separation between the microprisms 122 and the lens array 140, will result in an increase in the angular distribution ofthe output ofthe illumination system 100
  • the lenses 142 depicted in Figure 2 are convex, they also could be spherically concave, aspheric, cylindrically concave, cylindrically convex, or of some other suitable shape as dictated by the particular application and as will readily occur to one skilled in the art Also, the lenses 142 could be located directly on the output surfaces 134 in the event there is no base wall 124. Further, the lenses could be either diffractive or refractive, or a combination of both diffractive and refractive elements
  • the illumination assembly 1 10 and the light-directing assembly 120 ofthe back-coupled illumination system 100 could be utilized without lenses, as shown by the structure in Figure 14
  • the axes of the lenses 142 in Figure 2 are aligned with the geometric centers 126 ofthe individual microprisms 122
  • the lenses 142 could be offset or eclipsed with respect to the geometric centers 126 ofthe microprisms 122, as shown in Figure 15
  • the cross-sectional size ofthe lenses 142 could vary with respect to the cross-section ofthe microprisms 122
  • the distance between the geometric centers 126 ofthe individual microprisms 122 and the geometric centers ofthe lenses 142 varies from zero to one-half of the width ofthe output surfaces 134 ofthe microprisms 122
  • the lenses 142 may be positioned adjacent to the output surfaces 134 ofthe microprisms 122 or at a distance of up to one-half the distance between the input and output surfaces 132 and 134 ofthe microprims 122
  • the microprisms 122 and associated structure may be fabricated according to the methods and using the materials disclosed in U.S Patent No 5,396,350 previously-mentioned, U S Patent No 5,248,468, issued June 27, 1995, to Zimmerman et al , for an Illumination System Employing an Array of Microprisms, and U S Patent No 5,481,385, issued January 2, 1996, to Zimmerman et al., for a Direct View Display with Array of Tapered Waveguide, all of which are inco ⁇ orated herein by reference
  • the microprisms and lens arrays may be made from a wide variety of materials, including polycarbonate, acrylic, polystyrene, glass, transparent ceramics, and a monomer mixture as described in U S Patent No 5,462,700, October 31 , 1995, to Beeson et al., for a Process for Making an Array of Tapered Photopolyme ⁇ zed Waveguides, incorporated herein by reference
  • the sidewalls 136 ofthe microprisms 122 ofthe light-directing assembly 120 define regions 128 adjacent the sidewalls 136, in a light-directing assembly 120 with multiple microprisms 122, these regions may be referred to as "interstitial" regions
  • These regions 128 are provided with a reflective element which, in the configuration of Figure 2, is a highly-reflective solid filler 160
  • the solid filler 160 may reflect or merely block the passage of light
  • the solid filler 160 may be either specular or diffuse and may include materials such as BaSO 4 , TiO 2 , or MgO, which are highly reflective to visible light due to their microstructure
  • These materials may be utilized in carriers such as dry powder, paint, or putty Altematively, materials stable to the environmental conditions posed by the lighting fixture, such
  • the solid filler 160 is preferably highly reflective, i e , greater than ninety percent (90%) reflectivity, there may be applications where a less-highly reflective material or an abso ⁇ tive material would be desirable
  • the reflectivity can be measured as previously indicated
  • the sidewalls 136 ofthe microprisms 122 have a coating 260 of reflective material
  • the coating 260 may be silver, aluminum, gold, white enamel, or other materials that will readily occur to one skilled in the art These materials may be deposited by such techniques as chemical vapor deposition, electron beam vapor deposition, sputtering, and the like
  • the reflective element is a reflective lining 270 integrally molded with the sidewalls 136 or applied by adhesive or some other known means to the sidewalls 136
  • a mask 280 is employed as the reflective element and covers the regions 128 between the microprisms 122 As illustrated in Figure 24, a top view ofthe mask 280 would appear as a lattice with openings 282 that admit the input surfaces 132 of the microprisms 122
  • the mask could be made of solid materials which are either specular or diffuse as mentioned previously
  • the reflective elements of Figures 16-18 may be either specular or diffuse, with a reflectivity in the range of about 75%-90%, and preferably greater than 90%
  • a suitable specular material is SilverluxTM, a product of 3M but others may be employed, as will readily occur to one skilled in the art
  • the reflectivity can be measured as previously indicated
  • Different types of reflective elements may be used in combination
  • the sidewalls 136 have two reflective elements' a coating 260 and a mask 280
  • a reflective lining 270 and solid filler 160 are provided in the regions 128 ofthe assembly shown in Figure 20. In this configuration, one could select a specular material for the lining 270 and a diffuse material for the filler 160, although other combinations may be employed.
  • the sidewalls 136 have a coating 260 and a solid filler 160.
  • a reflective lining 270 and a mask 280 are provided in the regions 128 ofthe assembly shown in Figure 22.
  • the combination of a solid filler 160 and a mask 280 are provided in the regions 128 in Figure 23.
  • the illumination system could also be configured as curvilinear or spherical arrays, as shown in Figures 25 and 26, respectively, and other configurations as will readily occur to one skilled in the art.
  • a light source 300 faces a curvilinear array 310 of microprisms.
  • a light source 320 is contained within a partial spherical array 330 of microprisms.
  • the tilt angles ofthe microprism sidewalls with respect to the input surfaces need to be adjusted to provide an angular distribution appropriate to a spherical radiator.
  • the space between the microprisms may need to be varied to achieve proper control ofthe light.
  • the input and output surfaces ofthe microprisms may be flat, curvilinear, or spherical.
  • the light- directing assemblies of Figures 25 and 26 may be provided with optional basewalls adjacent the output surfaces ofthe microprisms and optional lenses on the basewalls, in the manner taught in Figure 2.
  • multiple planar and/or curvilinear light-directing assemblies 340 and one or more light sources 350 could be combined to form polyhedronal illumination systems as illustrated in Figures 27 and 28 to provide multi-directional radiation
  • the individual microprisms of one planar assembly are illustrated in Figure 27a
  • the intensity ofthe light entering the light-directing assembly 120 can be controlled by introducing an optical element 400 between the light source 1 12 and the light-directing assembly 120, as shown in Figure 29.
  • the optical element 400 may be fabricated from a rectangular piece of material (e.g , plastic, glass, or some other material) having planar dimensions approximately the same as the cross-section, at that location, ofthe light travelling from the light source 1 12 to the microprisms 122.
  • the material may be diffuse or partially specular.
  • the illumination assembly 110 may be further modified as illustrated in Figure 30 by encapsulating the light source 112 with an optically-transmissive material 410 having an index of refraction ( «/) greater than one, instead of simply leaving the light source 112 suspended in air
  • the optically-transmissive material 410 may fill the area surrounding the light source 112 and is contiguous with the input surfaces 132 ofthe microprisms 122 This will avoid Fresnel reflections at the input surfaces 132 ofthe microprisms 122 and allow the light source 112 to more easily fill an array of input surfaces 132 considerably larger than the source 112
  • the optically-transmissive material 410 is joined to the input surfaces by an adhesive layer 412
  • the indices of refraction are chosen such that they increase as one progresses outward from the light source 112
  • An optical element 414 similar in function to that of element 400 in Figure 29 could be placed on the adhesive layer 412.
  • the index of refraction ofthe element 414 should be approximately equal to n 2 .
  • Transmission of light from the source 112 to the input surfaces 132 may also be enhanced by introducing a curvature in the microprisms complementing the radiation pattern ofthe light source 112.
  • the input surfaces 422 ofthe microprisms 420 define an arc to insure that the angle of incidence is less than the attenuating angle at the microprisms 420 furthest from the light source 112.
  • the attenuating angle is defined by the following equations:
  • Rs is the reflectivity of light polarized pe ⁇ endicular to the plane of incidence
  • R P is the reflectivity of light polarized parallel to the plane of incidence
  • ⁇ is the angle ofthe light ray incident on the input surface 422;
  • ⁇ ' the angle ofthe light ray incident transmitted through microprism 420; and ⁇ , and ⁇ 'are defined from the normal to the plane ofthe input surface 422.
  • an intermediate optical element 430 is introduced to restrict the angular distribution ofthe light entering the light-directing assembly 120.
  • the element 430 could be positioned within the illumination assembly in closer proximity to the light source 112.
  • a second optical element 440 similar to the optical element 400 of Figure 29, could be provided between the light source 1 12 and the intermediate optical element 430 to reduce the light output ofthe illumination assembly 1 10.
  • the optical elements 430 and 440 may be fabricated from plastic, glass, or some other material.
  • the index of refraction ofthe intermediate optical element 430 (n 3 ) can be chosen to selectively attenuate the higher angle-of-incidence light rays from the light source 112 and decrease the angular distribution into the light-directing assembly 120. For example, using the equations on the preceding page for
  • the light source 112 radiates light towards the light-directing assembly 120 and in other directions as well. Those light rays which travel directly to an input surface 132 of a microprism 122 and are reflected as dictated by the equations for calculating R s and R P . the remainder ofthe light is transmitted through the microprism 122 and ultimately pass through an associated lens 142 and out, as represented by light ray A If the light leaving the light source 112 initially travels away from the light-directing assembly 120, it will encounter the reflector 150 There, it will be reflected back towards the light-directing assembly 120, passing through a microprism 122 and a lens 142, as depicted by light ray B
  • the light rays may travel from the light source 112 towards the light-directing assembly 120 but will enter the regions 128 adjacent the sidewalls 136 If such light rays were allowed to continue on that path, they would likely enter the microprisms 122 through the sidewalls 136 However, they would not properly pass out ofthe light-directing assembly 120 and in fact would distort the light output distribution Thus, reflective elements are provided in the regions 128 to block and redirect such errant light rays As shown, a light ray leaving the source 112 reaches the solid filler 160 where it is reflected back to the reflector 150 There, the light ray is reflected back towards and through the light-directing assembly 120, as represented by light ray C If a non-reflective filler were used in the regions 128 instead of a reflective material, the light ray would simply be absorbed by the filler Alternatively, the light could be reflected back towards the light source 112, although this is undesirable as most such light will be absorbed by the light source 112 Therefore this mode of reflection should be minimized

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Planar Illumination Modules (AREA)
  • Illuminated Signs And Luminous Advertising (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Supplying Of Containers To The Packaging Station (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)

Abstract

On améliore l'émission de lumière d'un système de rétro-éclairage en recyclant les rayons lumineux réfléchis et mal dirigés. Un réflecteur (150) placé au niveau d'une source d'éclairage (112) et une matrice de microprismes (122) pourvue d'éléments réfléchissants (160) entre lesdits microprismes redirigent avec efficacité les rayons lumineux errants pour accroître l'émission totale de lumière disponible et améliorer son efficacité. Des matériaux réfléchissants ayant un rayonnement tant spéculaire que diffus peuvent être utilisés pour intensifier l'émission de lumière.
EP97916914A 1996-03-26 1997-03-21 Systeme d'eclairage comprenant des microprismes pourvus de dispositifs de blocage Expired - Lifetime EP0890060B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/622,131 US5839823A (en) 1996-03-26 1996-03-26 Back-coupled illumination system with light recycling
US622131 1996-03-26
PCT/US1997/004621 WO1997036131A1 (fr) 1996-03-26 1997-03-21 Systeme d'eclairage comprenant des microprismes pourvus de dispositifs de blocage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0890060A1 true EP0890060A1 (fr) 1999-01-13
EP0890060B1 EP0890060B1 (fr) 2001-11-28

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EP97916914A Expired - Lifetime EP0890060B1 (fr) 1996-03-26 1997-03-21 Systeme d'eclairage comprenant des microprismes pourvus de dispositifs de blocage

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US5839823A (fr)
EP (1) EP0890060B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2000507736A (fr)
CN (1) CN1083079C (fr)
AT (1) ATE209768T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2250312C (fr)
DE (1) DE69708615T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0890060T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2169374T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT890060E (fr)
TW (1) TW419572B (fr)
WO (1) WO1997036131A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1997036131A1 (fr) 1997-10-02
DE69708615D1 (de) 2002-01-10
TW419572B (en) 2001-01-21
DK0890060T3 (da) 2002-02-18
JP2000507736A (ja) 2000-06-20
US5839823A (en) 1998-11-24
CA2250312A1 (fr) 1997-10-02
PT890060E (pt) 2002-04-29
CN1220002A (zh) 1999-06-16
ES2169374T3 (es) 2002-07-01
CN1083079C (zh) 2002-04-17
EP0890060B1 (fr) 2001-11-28
CA2250312C (fr) 2004-10-12
ATE209768T1 (de) 2001-12-15
DE69708615T2 (de) 2002-08-01

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