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EP0890022A1 - Stirling engine - Google Patents

Stirling engine

Info

Publication number
EP0890022A1
EP0890022A1 EP97914283A EP97914283A EP0890022A1 EP 0890022 A1 EP0890022 A1 EP 0890022A1 EP 97914283 A EP97914283 A EP 97914283A EP 97914283 A EP97914283 A EP 97914283A EP 0890022 A1 EP0890022 A1 EP 0890022A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stirling engine
tubes
ceramic
head
engine according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97914283A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0890022B1 (en
Inventor
Tim Lohrmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sipra Patententwicklungs und Beteiligungs GmbH
Original Assignee
Sipra Patententwicklungs und Beteiligungs GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sipra Patententwicklungs und Beteiligungs GmbH filed Critical Sipra Patententwicklungs und Beteiligungs GmbH
Publication of EP0890022A1 publication Critical patent/EP0890022A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0890022B1 publication Critical patent/EP0890022B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/053—Component parts or details
    • F02G1/055—Heaters or coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2243/00—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes
    • F02G2243/02—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes having pistons and displacers in the same cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2255/00—Heater tubes
    • F02G2255/20—Heater fins

Definitions

  • the invention is directed to a Stirling engine with a heatable cylinder head with a plurality of approximately U-shaped, curved heater tubes and with a cooler for the working gas.
  • Stirling engines are known in a large number of designs, here, for example, DE 40 16 238-C2 may be mentioned as a combination of such an engine with a boiler system.
  • the basic principle of such a Stirling engine is that a constant gas volume (today helium is mostly used) is pushed back and forth within the Stirling engine by two pistons. On one side the helium is heated by the flame of a gas burner in the heater tube and on the other side it is cooled by a cooler. In between there is a regenerator which extracts heat from the gas on its way from the hot to the cold side and supplies it again in the event of backflows.
  • a gearbox connects the two pistons so that power e.g. can be entno ⁇ tu ⁇ en via generators.
  • the pistons are alternately moved parallel or against each other, whereby the gas is compressed by one piston and expanded again after the heat has been supplied by the other.
  • coolers are known, the cooling bodies of which are provided with an external, spiral-shaped groove through which the cooling medium flows.
  • Such heat sinks provided with spiral-shaped grooves are comparatively complex to produce, with the fact that the cooling medium heats up more and more as it passes through the spiral groove, so that such heat sinks cannot be optimally designed.
  • the object of the invention is to optimize the energy balance in a Stirling engine, in particular to create a solution with which the heat transfer to the heating tubes and the performance of the cooler are improved.
  • this object is achieved according to the invention in that the outwardly facing partial tubes of the heating tubes through which the working medium flows are provided, at least in regions, with a ceramic deposit for optimizing the flow of the heating gases.
  • a heater has two rows of coaxial tubes, which are arranged concentrically in a circular shape and are combined via pipe elbows to form U-shaped heater tubes, the tubes being connected at one end to the expansion space and at the other end to the regenerator.
  • the rows of tubes arranged in a ring are adjacent to one another in terms of heat transfer technology, but the outer rows of tubes are automatically spread apart next to one another due to the geometrical conditions, so that the exhaust gas flow slows down in the interspaces and the heat transfer deteriorates.
  • the outer tubes As also shown in the generic publication, it has so far been used to design the outer tubes as finned tubes in such a way that, for example, heat transfer fins are soldered on, which inevitably causes considerable costs and is therefore not economically justifiable.
  • the inventive depositing with ceramic flow guiding elements as represented by a Keraraik deposit, achieves an optimization of the flow around the outer tubes with economically justifiable means.
  • the elements of the ceramic backing are expediently formed from cross-sectionally approximately T-shaped ceramic profile elements, the T-web between adjacent tubes pointing from the outside inwards and the T-head partially covering the outside of the tubes.
  • flow guide elements on cooling tubes are known per se, as are shown, for example, in JP 61-226 547-A.
  • the invention provides in an embodiment that the inner surface is provided with a spacer, in particular in the transition region from the T-leg to the T-head, in order to form flow or flow gaps .
  • a spacer in particular in the transition region from the T-leg to the T-head, in order to form flow or flow gaps .
  • Such spacers can be small webs cast into the ceramic, possibly also ceramic nocks or smallpox or the like applied at certain points.
  • the head The area of curvature of the heater tubes is provided with a ceramic ring cover, and in order to optimize the cross-flow through the free spaces of the outer tubes, the ceramic ring cover is provided with a head round with flow bars such that there is no distance between the inner surface of the ring cover and the outer surface the head curvature areas arises.
  • the invention provides that the cooler is designed as a light metal body with radial ribs around which cooling water flows, within a pot-shaped housing, the distance between the radial ribs being greater than the gap between the inner wall of the pot and the outer radial rib boundary wall.
  • This cooling block enables particularly good cooling in that the complete flow through the gaps between the radial ribs is ensured.
  • the invention provides that at least two grooves bridging all radial ribs are provided on the circumference to form the coolant inflow or outflow.
  • the cooling water can be distributed to all the gaps between the cooling fins via the one groove in the cooler and the cooling water can be drawn off on the opposite groove are, so that cooling water flow around the cooler practically over a half arc. Long distances, such as in the case of known spirally arranged cooling fins, are thus reliably avoided.
  • through bores or axial ribs offset inwards for the working gas to be cooled can be provided in the heat sink.
  • the invention provides that the heat sink is provided with ring seals at least on its bottom surface corresponding to the bottom of the pot.
  • a further, structurally simple design consists in the fact that the heat sink has an outwardly facing sealing collar with at least one ring seal on its edge surface facing the heater.
  • ring seals can be provided as sealing means which are not subject to axial stresses.
  • appropriate seals can of course also be provided on the cylinder outer wall of the heat sink.
  • the invention provides in one embodiment that the edge region of the housing interacting with the collar of the cooler is provided with a drainage.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic diagram of a Stirling engine with a heater tube and cooler
  • FIG. 5 shows a detail section through the foot area of a tube provided with ceramic deposit
  • Fig. 7 in a simplified spatial representation of the heat sink and in Fig. 8 shows a detail section approximately along line VIII-VIII in Fig. 7 through a portion of the housing with heat sink.
  • the Stirling engine shown in a highly simplified manner in FIG. 1, generally designated 1, has a cylinder head heated by a burner flame, generally designated 3, with a plurality of U-shaped heating tubes 4, an indicated regenerator 5, an adjoining heat sink 6, a displacer piston 7, a working piston 8 and a gear 9, the latter being of no importance here.
  • the cylinder head 3 heated by the flame 2 has, as already mentioned above, a multiplicity of heater tubes 4, which are formed by, relative to the cylinder head, straight heater partial tubes 4a, a respective pipe elbow 4b and outer partial tubes 4c, whereby lead the partial tubes 4a into the expansion space 7a, while the outer partial tubes 4c act on the regenerator 5.
  • the inner partial tubes 4a are geometrically comparatively close to one another, while the outer partial tubes 4c are arranged comparatively widely spread.
  • the inner tubes 4a offer good flow conditions for the exhaust gases, the flow course of which is indicated by an arrow 10 in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • This ceramic backing 11 consists of individual, cross-sectionally approximately T-shaped ceramic profile elements 12 with a T-web 12a arranged from the inside out and a T-head 12b which bears on the outside of the partial tubes 4c while maintaining a gap.
  • This gap formation is achieved in that the inner surface of the ceramic profile elements 12 has ribs 13 in the transition area from the T-leg 12a to the head 12b, which lie directly against the partial tubes 4c. In this way, the same flow conditions are achieved when the sub-tubes 4c are flushed by the exhaust gas as when the sub-tubes 4a are flushed around the inside.
  • FIG. 5 also shows how the foot area of the individual ceramic elements 12 is positioned in the housing wall 17, wherein a fixing collar 18 can be provided there, which holds the corresponding foot areas.
  • the cooler 6 of the Stirling engine 1 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 essentially consists of a light metal cooling block 20, which is accommodated in a pot-shaped housing 21, which contains the inflow 22 and the one not shown in FIG. 8 , spatially opposite cooling water discharge.
  • the cooling block 20 is designed as a light metal body and has a plurality of radial ribs 23 which run around parallel outside, which form flow channels 24 between them and which form a comparatively small gap 25 to the inner wall of the housing 21, which gap is significantly smaller is, as the width of the respective flow channel 24 on both sides in the area of the cooling water inlet 22 and the opposite cooling water outlet, two axial grooves 26 bridging all radial ribs 23 are provided in the cooling body 20, via which the cooling water is distributed or distributed to the individual flow channels 24 from which it is not removed.
  • the cooling block 20 is offset further inwards A large number of axial bores 28, which may also be a plurality of ribs, which represent corresponding flow channels for the working medium to be cooled.
  • cooling block 20 In order to optimally seal the cooling block 20 from the adjacent components, it has two axial seals 29 on the underside 20a facing the pot bottom, a radial seal 30 and again an axial seal 31 on its upward-facing side, which acts as an outwardly facing sealing collar 32 is formed, as can be seen in particular from FIG. 8.
  • edge region 33 of the housing 21 interacting with the collar 32 of the heat sink 20, as well as the region 34 lying between the two pot base seals 29, can be provided with a drainage groove or the like in order to discharge leakage cooling water, which is only hinted at in FIG. 8 ⁇ is reproduced approximately.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP97/01428 Sec. 371 Date May 6, 1999 Sec. 102(e) Date May 6, 1999 PCT Filed Aug. 21, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO97/37119 PCT Pub. Date Oct. 9, 1997In a Stirling engine with a cylinder head which can be heated, with a plurality of heating pipes bent in approximately U shape and with a cooler the the heat transfer to the heating pipes and the efficiency of the cooler are improved. This For this purpose the outwardly directed pipe sections (4c) of the heating pipes (4) through which the working medium flows are provided at least locally with a ceramic backing (11) for optimization of the flow (10) of the heating gas and the cooler is in the form of a light metal body (20) with radial ribs (23) within a pot-like housing (21), through which cooling water flows. The spacing of the radial ribs (23) from one another is greater than the gap (25) between the pot inner wall and the outer radial ribs bounding wall.

Description

"Stirlingmotor""Stirling engine"
Die Erfindung richtet sich auf einen Stirlingmotor mit ei¬ nem beheizbaren Zylinderkopf mit einer Vielzahl von etwa U- förmig gekrüirunten Erhitzerröhrchen und mit einem Kühler für das Arbeitsgas.The invention is directed to a Stirling engine with a heatable cylinder head with a plurality of approximately U-shaped, curved heater tubes and with a cooler for the working gas.
Stirlingmotoren sind in einer Vielzahl von Gestaltungen be¬ kannt, hier sei als Beispiel die DE-40 16 238-C2 als Kombi¬ nation eines solchen Motors mit einer Heizkesselanlage ge¬ nannt.Stirling engines are known in a large number of designs, here, for example, DE 40 16 238-C2 may be mentioned as a combination of such an engine with a boiler system.
Das Grundprinzip eines solchen Stirlingmotors besteht dar¬ in, daß ein konstantes Gasvolumen (heute wird meist Helium eingesetzt) innerhalb der Stirlingmaschine, von zwei Kolben hin und her geschoben wird. Auf der einen Seite wird das Helium durch die Flamme eines Gasbrenners in den Erhitzer¬ röhrchen erhitzt und auf der anderen Seite von einem Kühler abgekühlt. Dazwischen befindet sich ein Regenerator, der dem Gas auf seinem Weg von der heißen zur kalten Seite Wär¬ me entzieht und bei Rückströmen wieder zuführt. Ein Getrie¬ be verbindet die beiden Kolben so, daß Leistung z.B. über Generatoren entnoιtuτιen werden kann. Die Kolben werden dabei im Wechsel parallel oder gegeneinander bewegt, wodurch das Gas durch den einen Kolben komprimiert und nach der Wärme¬ zufuhr durch den anderen wieder entspannt wird.The basic principle of such a Stirling engine is that a constant gas volume (today helium is mostly used) is pushed back and forth within the Stirling engine by two pistons. On one side the helium is heated by the flame of a gas burner in the heater tube and on the other side it is cooled by a cooler. In between there is a regenerator which extracts heat from the gas on its way from the hot to the cold side and supplies it again in the event of backflows. A gearbox connects the two pistons so that power e.g. can be entnoιtuτιen via generators. The pistons are alternately moved parallel or against each other, whereby the gas is compressed by one piston and expanded again after the heat has been supplied by the other.
Neben mechanischen Problemen liegt ein erkennbarer Problem- kreis in der Optimierung der Wärmeübertragung von der Flam¬ me des Brenners auf die Erhitzerröhrchen einerseits und in der Optimierung des Kühlers andererseits. Aus der DE- 28 21 164-A1 ist ein entsprechender Stirlingmotor nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 bekannt. Der dort offenbarte Heißgasmotor beschäftigt sich nicht mit den hier im Vorder¬ grund stehenden energetischen Problemen, dies gilt auch für andere im Stand der Technik vorbeschriebene Lösungen. So zeigt beispielsweise die DE-34 44 995-A1 eine Verwirbe- lungseinrichtung bei entsprechenden Strömungsmaschinen.In addition to mechanical problems, there is a recognizable problem- Circle in the optimization of the heat transfer from the flame of the burner to the heater tubes on the one hand and in the optimization of the cooler on the other. A corresponding Stirling engine according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from DE-28 21 164-A1. The hot gas engine disclosed there is not concerned with the energetic problems in the foreground, this also applies to other solutions described in the prior art. For example, DE-34 44 995-A1 shows a swirling device in corresponding turbomachines.
Darüber hinaus sind aus der DE-42 32 555-A1 oder beispiels¬ weise der DE-44 01 247-A1 Kühler bekannt, deren Kühlkörper mit einer außen umlaufenden, spiralförmigen, vom Kühlmedium durchströmten Nut versehen sind. Derartige, mit spiralför¬ migen Nuten versehene Kühlkörper sind vergleichsweise auf¬ wendig in der Herstellung, wobei hinzukommt, daß sich das Kühlmedium beim Durchlaufen der Spiralnut immer weiter auf¬ heizt, so daß derartige Kühlkörper nicht optimal ausgelegt werden können.In addition, from DE-42 32 555-A1 or, for example, DE-44 01 247-A1, coolers are known, the cooling bodies of which are provided with an external, spiral-shaped groove through which the cooling medium flows. Such heat sinks provided with spiral-shaped grooves are comparatively complex to produce, with the fact that the cooling medium heats up more and more as it passes through the spiral groove, so that such heat sinks cannot be optimally designed.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist die Optimierung der Energiebilan¬ zen bei einem Stirlingmotor, insbesondere die Schaffung einer Lösung, mit der die Wärmeübertragung auf die Erhit¬ zerröhrchen und die Leistungsfähigkeit des Kühlers verbes¬ sert wird. Bei einem Stirlingmotor der eingangs bezeichneten Art wird diese Aufgabe gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß die nach außen weisenden Teilröhrchen der vom Arbeitsmedium durchströmten Erhitzerröhrchen wenigstens bereichsweise mit einer Keramikhinterlegung zur Optimierung der Strömung der Heizgase versehen sind.The object of the invention is to optimize the energy balance in a Stirling engine, in particular to create a solution with which the heat transfer to the heating tubes and the performance of the cooler are improved. In the case of a Stirling engine of the type mentioned at the outset, this object is achieved according to the invention in that the outwardly facing partial tubes of the heating tubes through which the working medium flows are provided, at least in regions, with a ceramic deposit for optimizing the flow of the heating gases.
Üblicherweise weist ein Erhitzer bei der hier diskutierten Bauart zwei koaxiale Röhrchenreihen auf, die in Kreisform konzentrisch angeordnet und über Rohrkrümmer zu U-förmigen Erhitzerröhrchen zusammengefaßt sind, wobei die Röhrchen an einem Ende mit dem Expansionsraum und am anderen Ende mit dem Regenerator verbunden sind.Typically, in the design discussed here, a heater has two rows of coaxial tubes, which are arranged concentrically in a circular shape and are combined via pipe elbows to form U-shaped heater tubes, the tubes being connected at one end to the expansion space and at the other end to the regenerator.
Die kreisringförmig angeordneten Röhrchenreihen stehen in¬ nen wärmeübertragungstechnisch günstig nebeneinander, die äußeren Röhrchenreihen sind aber aufgrund der geometrischen Gegebenheit automatisch gespreizt nebeneinander angeordnet, so daß sich in den Zwischenräumen die Abgasströmung ver¬ langsamt und die Wärmeübertragung verschlechtert. Wie auch in der gattungsbildenden Druckschrift dargestellt, behilft man sich bisher damit, die äußeren Röhrchen als Rippen-Roh¬ re zu gestalten, derart, daß beispielsweise Wärmeübertra¬ gungsrippen aufgelötet werden, was zwangsläufig erhebliche Kosten verursacht und damit wirtschaftlich an sich nicht vertretbar ist. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Hinterlegung mit keramischen Strömungsleitelementen, wie sie eine Keraraikhinterlegung darstellt, wird mit wirtschaftlich vertretbaren Mitteln eine Optimierung der Umströmung der äußeren Röhrchen er¬ reicht.The rows of tubes arranged in a ring are adjacent to one another in terms of heat transfer technology, but the outer rows of tubes are automatically spread apart next to one another due to the geometrical conditions, so that the exhaust gas flow slows down in the interspaces and the heat transfer deteriorates. As also shown in the generic publication, it has so far been used to design the outer tubes as finned tubes in such a way that, for example, heat transfer fins are soldered on, which inevitably causes considerable costs and is therefore not economically justifiable. The inventive depositing with ceramic flow guiding elements, as represented by a Keraraik deposit, achieves an optimization of the flow around the outer tubes with economically justifiable means.
Zweckmäßig sind die Elemente der Keramikhinterlegung aus querschnittlich etwa T-förmigen Keramikprofilelementen ge¬ bildet, wobei der T-Steg zwischen benachbarten Röhrchen von außen nach innen weist und der T-Kopf bereichsweise die Röhrchen außen überdeckt. An dieser Stelle sei bemerkt, daß Strömungsleitelemente an Kühlrohren für sich gesehen be¬ kannt sind, wie sie beispielsweise in JP 61-226 547-A ge¬ zeigt sind.The elements of the ceramic backing are expediently formed from cross-sectionally approximately T-shaped ceramic profile elements, the T-web between adjacent tubes pointing from the outside inwards and the T-head partially covering the outside of the tubes. At this point it should be noted that flow guide elements on cooling tubes are known per se, as are shown, for example, in JP 61-226 547-A.
Um definierte Strömungskanäle zwischen der Außenoberfläche der äußeren Röhrchen und der Keramikhinterlegung zu gewähr¬ leisten, sieht die Erfindung in Ausgestaltung vor, daß die Innenfläche insbesondere im Übergangsbereich vom T-Schenkel zum T-Kopf zur Bildung von Um- bzw. Durchströmungsspalten mit Abstandhalter versehen ist. Bei derartigen Abstandhal¬ tern kann es sich um kleine in die Keramik eingegossene Stege handeln, ggf. auch punktuell aufgebrachte Keramiknok¬ ken oder Keramikpocken od. dgl.In order to ensure defined flow channels between the outer surface of the outer tubes and the ceramic deposit, the invention provides in an embodiment that the inner surface is provided with a spacer, in particular in the transition region from the T-leg to the T-head, in order to form flow or flow gaps . Such spacers can be small webs cast into the ceramic, possibly also ceramic nocks or smallpox or the like applied at certain points.
Nach der Erfindung kann auch vorgesehen sein, daß der Kopf- Krümmungsbereich der Erhitzerröhrchen mit einem Keramik- Ringdeckel versehen ist, wobei zur Optimierung der Quer¬ strömung durch die Freiräume der äußeren Röhrchen der Kera¬ mik-Ringdeckel mit einer Kopfronde mit Strömungsstegen der¬ art versehen ist, daß kein Abstand zwischen Innenfläche des Ringdeckels und Außenfläche der Kopfkrümmungsbereiche ent¬ steht.According to the invention it can also be provided that the head The area of curvature of the heater tubes is provided with a ceramic ring cover, and in order to optimize the cross-flow through the free spaces of the outer tubes, the ceramic ring cover is provided with a head round with flow bars such that there is no distance between the inner surface of the ring cover and the outer surface the head curvature areas arises.
Zur Optimierung der Kühlleistung des Kühlers sieht die Er¬ findung vor, daß der Kühler als Kühlwasser umströmter Leichtmetallkörper mit Radialrippen innerhalb eines topf- förmigen Gehäuses ausgebildet ist, wobei der Abstand der Radialrippen zueinander größer ist als der Spalt zwischen Topfinnenwand und äußere Radialrippen-Begrenzungswand. Die¬ ser Kühlblock ermöglicht dadurch eine besonders gute Küh¬ lung, daß die vollständige Durchströmung der Spalte zwi¬ schen den Radialrippen gewährleistet ist.In order to optimize the cooling performance of the cooler, the invention provides that the cooler is designed as a light metal body with radial ribs around which cooling water flows, within a pot-shaped housing, the distance between the radial ribs being greater than the gap between the inner wall of the pot and the outer radial rib boundary wall. This cooling block enables particularly good cooling in that the complete flow through the gaps between the radial ribs is ensured.
Um zu gewährleisten, daß das Kühlwasser zur guten Kühlung nur einen besonders kurzen Weg innerhalb des Kühlers zu¬ rücklegt, sieht die Erfindung vor, daß am Umfang wenigstens zwei alle Radialrippen überbrückende Nuten zur Bildung des Kühlmittelzuflusses bzw. Kühlmittelabflusses vorgesehen sind. So kann über die eine Nut in den Kühler das Kühlwas¬ ser auf alle Spalte zwischen den Kühlrippen verteilt werden und auf der gegenüberliegenden Nut das Kühlwasser abgezogen werden, so daß wieder Kühlwasseranteil den Kühler praktisch über einen halben Kreisbogen umströmt. Lange Wege, wie etwa bei bekannten spiralförmig angeordneten Kühlrippen, werden damit sicher vermieden.In order to ensure that the cooling water travels only a particularly short distance within the cooler for good cooling, the invention provides that at least two grooves bridging all radial ribs are provided on the circumference to form the coolant inflow or outflow. Thus, the cooling water can be distributed to all the gaps between the cooling fins via the one groove in the cooler and the cooling water can be drawn off on the opposite groove are, so that cooling water flow around the cooler practically over a half arc. Long distances, such as in the case of known spirally arranged cooling fins, are thus reliably avoided.
Im Kühlkörper können erfindungsgemäß nach innen versetzte Durchgangsbohrungen bzw. Axialrippen für das zu kühlende Arbeitsgas vorgesehen sein.According to the invention, through bores or axial ribs offset inwards for the working gas to be cooled can be provided in the heat sink.
Um ein Abdichtproblem zwischen den Kühlkörper aufnehmendem Gehäusetopf und dem Kühlkörper mit einfachen Mitteln zu lösen, sieht die Erfindung vor, daß der Kühlkörper wenig¬ stens an seiner mit dem Topfboden korrespondierenden Boden¬ fläche mit Ringdichtungen versehen ist.In order to solve a sealing problem between the housing body receiving the heat sink and the heat sink with simple means, the invention provides that the heat sink is provided with ring seals at least on its bottom surface corresponding to the bottom of the pot.
Eine weitere, kostruktiv einfache Gestaltung besteht darin, daß der Kühlkörper auf seiner zum Erhitzer weisenden Rand¬ fläche einen nach außen weisenden Dichtkragen mit wenig¬ stens einer Ringdichtung aufweist. Damit lassen sich Ring¬ dichtungen als Dichtmittel vorsehen, die keinen axialen Beanspruchungen unterworfen sind. Natürlich können in Er¬ gänzung zu den Ringdichtungen auch an der Zylinderaußenwand des Kühlkörpers entsprechende Dichtungen vorgesehen sein.A further, structurally simple design consists in the fact that the heat sink has an outwardly facing sealing collar with at least one ring seal on its edge surface facing the heater. In this way, ring seals can be provided as sealing means which are not subject to axial stresses. In addition to the ring seals, appropriate seals can of course also be provided on the cylinder outer wall of the heat sink.
Um ggf. auftretenden Leckagen vorzubeugen bzw. begegnen zu können, sieht die Erfindung in Ausgestaltung vor, daß der mit dem Kragen des Kühlers zusammenwirkende Randbereich des Gehäuses mit einer Drainage versehen ist.In order to prevent or counter any leaks that may occur, the invention provides in one embodiment that the edge region of the housing interacting with the collar of the cooler is provided with a drainage.
Die Erfindung ist nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung bei¬ spielsweise näher erläutert. Diese zeigt inThe invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, for example. This shows in
Fig. 1 eine vereinfachte Prinzipdarstellung eines Stirling- motors mit Erhitzerröhrchen und Kühler,1 is a simplified schematic diagram of a Stirling engine with a heater tube and cooler,
Fig. 2 eine vergrößerte Schnittdarstellung, etwa gemäß Li¬ nie II-II in Fig. 1 durch den Erhitzerkopf,2 shows an enlarged sectional view, approximately according to line II-II in FIG. 1, through the heater head,
Fig. 3 in vereinfachter räumlicher Darstellung ein Element der Keramikhinterlegung,3 shows a simplified spatial representation of an element of the ceramic deposit,
Fig. 4 in vergleichbarer Darstellung ein Detail der Kera¬ mikhinterlegung,4 a comparable representation of a detail of the ceramic deposit,
Fig. 5 einen Detailschnitt durch den Fußbereich eines mit der Keramikhinterlegung versehenen Röhrchens,5 shows a detail section through the foot area of a tube provided with ceramic deposit,
Fig. 6 die keramische Kopfabdeckung,6 the ceramic head cover,
Fig. 7 in vereinfachter räumlicher Darstellung den Kühlkör¬ per sowie in Fig. 8 einen Detailschnitt etwa nach Linie VIII-VIII in Fig. 7 durch einen Teilbereich des Gehäuses mit Kühlkörper.Fig. 7 in a simplified spatial representation of the heat sink and in Fig. 8 shows a detail section approximately along line VIII-VIII in Fig. 7 through a portion of the housing with heat sink.
Der in Fig. 1 stark vereinfacht wiedergegebene, allgemein mit 1 bezeichnete Stirlingmotor weist einen von einer Bren¬ nerflamme beheizten Zylinderkopf, allgemein mit 3 bezeich¬ net, auf mit einer Vielzahl von U-förmig gekrümmten Erhit¬ zerröhrchen 4, einen angedeuteten Regenerator 5, einen sich anschließenden Kühlkörper 6, einen Verdrängerkolben 7, ei¬ nen Arbeitskolben 8 und ein Getriebe 9, wobei es hier auf letztere nicht näher ankommt.The Stirling engine shown in a highly simplified manner in FIG. 1, generally designated 1, has a cylinder head heated by a burner flame, generally designated 3, with a plurality of U-shaped heating tubes 4, an indicated regenerator 5, an adjoining heat sink 6, a displacer piston 7, a working piston 8 and a gear 9, the latter being of no importance here.
Der von der Flamme 2 beheizte Zylinderkopf 3 weist, wie oben schon gesagt, eine Vielzahl von Erhitzerröhrchen 4 auf, die von, bezogen auf den Zylinderkopf, innen geraden Erhitzer-Teilröhrchen 4a, einem jeweiligen Rohrkrümmer 4b und außen liegenden Teilröhrchen 4c gebildet sind, wobei die Teilröhrchen 4a in den Expansionsraum 7a führen, wäh¬ rend die außen liegenden Teilröhrchen 4c den Regenerator 5 beaufschlagen.The cylinder head 3 heated by the flame 2 has, as already mentioned above, a multiplicity of heater tubes 4, which are formed by, relative to the cylinder head, straight heater partial tubes 4a, a respective pipe elbow 4b and outer partial tubes 4c, whereby lead the partial tubes 4a into the expansion space 7a, while the outer partial tubes 4c act on the regenerator 5.
Wie sich insbesondere aus Fig. 2 ergibt, liegen die inneren Teilröhrchen 4a geometrisch vergleichsweise dicht beiein¬ ander, während die äußeren Teilröhrchen 4c vergleichsweise stark gespreizt angeordnet sind. Die inneren Teilröhrchen 4a bieten gute Strömungsverhältnisse für die Abgase, deren Strömungsverlauf mit einem Pfeil 10 in den Fig. 1 und 2 angedeutet ist.As can be seen in particular from FIG. 2, the inner partial tubes 4a are geometrically comparatively close to one another, while the outer partial tubes 4c are arranged comparatively widely spread. The inner tubes 4a offer good flow conditions for the exhaust gases, the flow course of which is indicated by an arrow 10 in FIGS. 1 and 2.
Um den gleich guten Strömungsverlauf bei den weiter ausein¬ anderstehenden Teilröhrchen 4c zu erreichen, weisen diese eine allgemein mit 11 bezeichnete Keramikhinterlegung auf. Diese Keramikhinterlegung 11 besteht aus einzelnen, quer¬ schnittlich etwa T-förmigen Keramikprofilelementen 12 mit einem von innen nach außen angeordneten T-Steg 12a und ei¬ nem T-Kopf 12b, der sich außen an den Teilröhrchen 4c unter Aufrechterhaltung eines Spaltes anlegt.In order to achieve the equally good flow pattern in the partial tubes 4c, which are further apart, they have a ceramic deposit, generally designated 11. This ceramic backing 11 consists of individual, cross-sectionally approximately T-shaped ceramic profile elements 12 with a T-web 12a arranged from the inside out and a T-head 12b which bears on the outside of the partial tubes 4c while maintaining a gap.
Diese Spaltbildung wird dadurch erreicht, daß die Innen¬ fläche der Keramikprofilelemente 12 im Übergangsbereich vom T-Schenkel 12a zum Kopf 12b Rippen 13 aufweist, die sich unmittelbar an die Teilröhrchen 4c legen. Damit werden gleiche Strömungsverhältnisse bei der Umspülung der Teil¬ röhrchen 4c vom Abgas erreicht, wie bei der Umspülung der innen liegenden Teilröhrchen 4a.This gap formation is achieved in that the inner surface of the ceramic profile elements 12 has ribs 13 in the transition area from the T-leg 12a to the head 12b, which lie directly against the partial tubes 4c. In this way, the same flow conditions are achieved when the sub-tubes 4c are flushed by the exhaust gas as when the sub-tubes 4a are flushed around the inside.
Um eine günstige Querströmung im Bereich der Teilröhrchen 4c zu erreichen, ist erfindungsgemäß ein Keramik-Ringdeckel 14 oben übergestülpt, der einen Fixierbund 15 für den Kopf- bereich der Keramikelemente 12 aufweist. In Fig. 5 ist noch dargestellt, wie der Fußbereich der ein¬ zelnen Keramikelemente 12 in der Gehäusewand 17 positio¬ niert ist, wobei dort ein Fixierbund 18 vorgesehen sein kann, der die entsprechenden Fußbereiche festhält.In order to achieve a favorable cross flow in the area of the partial tubes 4c, a ceramic ring cover 14 is put on top according to the invention, which has a fixing collar 15 for the head area of the ceramic elements 12. FIG. 5 also shows how the foot area of the individual ceramic elements 12 is positioned in the housing wall 17, wherein a fixing collar 18 can be provided there, which holds the corresponding foot areas.
Der in den Fig. 7 und 8 dargestellte Kühler 6 des Stirling- motors 1 besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Leichtmetall¬ kühlblock 20, der in einem topfförmigen Gehäuse 21 unterge¬ bracht ist, welches den Zufluß 22 und den in Fig. 8 nicht näher dargestellten, räumlich gegenüberliegenden Kühlwas¬ serabfluß aufweist.The cooler 6 of the Stirling engine 1 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 essentially consists of a light metal cooling block 20, which is accommodated in a pot-shaped housing 21, which contains the inflow 22 and the one not shown in FIG. 8 , spatially opposite cooling water discharge.
Der Kühlblock 20 ist als Leichtmetallkörper gestaltet und weist eine Mehrzahl von parallel außen umlaufenden Radial¬ rippen 23 auf, die zwischen sich Strömungskanäle 24 aus¬ bilden und die zur Innenwand des Gehäuses 21 einen ver¬ gleichsweise geringen Spalt 25 ausbilden, der deutlich ge¬ ringer ist, als die Breite des jeweiligen Strömungskanales 24. Beidseitig im Bereich des Kühlwasserzutrittes 22 und des gegenüberliegenden Kühlwasseraustrittes sind im Kühl¬ körper 20 zwei alle Radialrippen 23 überbrückende Axialnu¬ ten 26 vorgesehen, über die das Kühlwasser auf die einzel¬ nen Strömungskanäle 24 verteilt bzw. aus denen es nicht ab¬ genommen wird.The cooling block 20 is designed as a light metal body and has a plurality of radial ribs 23 which run around parallel outside, which form flow channels 24 between them and which form a comparatively small gap 25 to the inner wall of the housing 21, which gap is significantly smaller is, as the width of the respective flow channel 24 on both sides in the area of the cooling water inlet 22 and the opposite cooling water outlet, two axial grooves 26 bridging all radial ribs 23 are provided in the cooling body 20, via which the cooling water is distributed or distributed to the individual flow channels 24 from which it is not removed.
Weiter nach innen versetzt weist der Kühlblock 20 eine Vielzahl von Axialbohrungen 28 auf, wobei es sich auch um eine Vielzahl von Rippen handeln kann, die entsprechende Durchströmkanäle für das zu kühlende Arbeitsmedium darstel¬ len.The cooling block 20 is offset further inwards A large number of axial bores 28, which may also be a plurality of ribs, which represent corresponding flow channels for the working medium to be cooled.
Um den Kühlblock 20 gegenüber den benachbarten Bauelementen optimal abzudichten, weist dieser auf der zum Topfboden weisenden Unterseite 20a im dargestellten Beispiel zwei Axialdichtungen 29 auf, eine Radialdichtung 30 und wiederum eine Axialdichtung 31 auf seiner nach oben weisenden Seite, die als nach außen weisender Dichtkragen 32 ausgebildet ist, wie sich dies insbesondere aus Fig. 8 ergibt.In order to optimally seal the cooling block 20 from the adjacent components, it has two axial seals 29 on the underside 20a facing the pot bottom, a radial seal 30 and again an axial seal 31 on its upward-facing side, which acts as an outwardly facing sealing collar 32 is formed, as can be seen in particular from FIG. 8.
Schließlich kann der mit dem Kragen 32 des Kühlkörpers 20 zusammenwirkende Randbereich 33 des Gehäuses 21 ebenso wie der zwischen den beiden Topfbodendichtungen 29 liegende Bereich 34 mit einer Drainagenut od. dgl. versehen sein, um Leckage-Kühlwasser abzuführen, was in Fig. 8 nur andeu¬ tungsweise wiedergegeben ist.Finally, the edge region 33 of the housing 21 interacting with the collar 32 of the heat sink 20, as well as the region 34 lying between the two pot base seals 29, can be provided with a drainage groove or the like in order to discharge leakage cooling water, which is only hinted at in FIG. 8 ¬ is reproduced approximately.
Natürlich sind die beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung noch in vielfacher Hinsicht abzuändern, ohne den Grundgedanken zu verlassen. Of course, the described exemplary embodiments of the invention can be modified in many ways without departing from the basic idea.

Claims

Patentansprüche; Claims;
1. Stirlingmotor mit einem beheizbaren Zylinderkopf mit einer Vielzahl von etwa U-förmig gekrümmten Erhitzerröhrchen und mit einem Kühler, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die nach außen weisenden Teilröhrchen (4c) der vom Ar¬ beitsmedium durchströmten Erhitzerröhrchen (4) wenigstens bereichsweise mit einer Keramikhinterlegung (11) zur Opti¬ mierung der Strömung (10) der Heizgase versehen sind.1. Stirling engine with a heatable cylinder head with a plurality of approximately U-shaped curved heating tubes and with a cooler, characterized in that the outwardly facing partial tubes (4c) of the heating tubes through which the working medium flows (4), at least in some areas, with a ceramic deposit ( 11) are provided for optimizing the flow (10) of the heating gases.
2. Stirlingmotor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elemente der Keramikhinterlegung (11) aus quer¬ schnittlich etwa T-förmigen Keraraikprofilelementen (12) ge¬ bildet sind, wobei der T-Steg (12a) zwischen benachbarten Röhrchen (4) von außen (2) nach innen (1) weist und der T- Kopf (12b) bereichsweise die Röhrchen (4c) außen überdeckt,2. Stirling engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the elements of the ceramic backing (11) are formed from cross-sectionally approximately T-shaped ceramic profiles (12), the T-web (12a) between adjacent tubes (4) of outside (2) points inwards (1) and the T-head (12b) partially covers the tubes (4c) on the outside,
3. Stirlingmotor nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Innenflächen insbesondere im Übergangsbereich vom T-Steg (12a) zum T-Kopf (12b) zur Bildung von Um- bzw. Durchströmungsspalten mit Abstandhalter (13) versehen ist. 3. Stirling engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inner surfaces in particular in the transition area from the T-web (12a) to the T-head (12b) is provided with spacers (13) to form flow or flow gaps.
4. Stirlingmotor nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kopf-Krümmungsbereich (4b) der Erhitzerröhrchen (4) mit einem Keramik-Ringdeckel (14) versehen ist.4. Stirling engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the head region of curvature (4b) of the heater tubes (4) is provided with a ceramic ring cover (14).
5. Stirlingmotor nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Keramik-Ringdeckel (14) mit einer Kopfronde mit Strömungsstegen (15) derart versehen ist, daß kein Abstand zwischen Innenfläche (16) des Ringdeckels (14) und Außen¬ fläche der Kopfkrümmungsbereiche (4b) auftritt.5. Stirling engine according to claim 4, characterized in that the ceramic ring cover (14) is provided with a head round with flow webs (15) such that no distance between the inner surface (16) of the ring cover (14) and Außen¬ surface of the head curvature areas ( 4b) occurs.
6. Stirlingmotor nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß am Keramik-Ringdeckel (14) und an der Gehäusewand (17) ein Fixierbund (15 bzw. 18) zur Halterung des Kopf- bzw. Fußbereiches der Keramikelemente (12) vorgesehen ist.6. Stirling engine according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that on the ceramic ring cover (14) and on the housing wall (17) a fixing collar (15 or 18) is provided for holding the head or foot region of the ceramic elements (12) .
7. Stirlingmotor mit einem beheizbaren Zylinderkopf mit einer Vielzahl von etwa U-förmig gekrümmten Erhitzerröhrchen und mit einem Kühler, insbesondere nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kühler als Kühlwasser umströmter Leichtmetallkörper (20) mit Radialrippen (23) innerhalb eines topfartigen Ge¬ häuses (21) ausgebildet ist, wobei der Abstand der Radial- rippen (23) zueinander größer ist als der Spalt (25) zwi¬ schen Topfinnenwand und äußerer Radialrippen-Begrenzungs- wand.7. Stirling engine with a heatable cylinder head with a plurality of approximately U-shaped curved heater tubes and with a cooler, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cooler as cooling water flow around light metal body (20) with radial ribs (23) within a pot-like Ge housing (21) is formed, the distance of the radial ribs (23) to one another is larger than the gap (25) between the inner pot wall and the outer radial rib boundary wall.
8. Stirlingmotor nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß am Umfang wenigstens zwei alle Radialrippen (23) über¬ brückende Nuten (27) zur Bildung des Kühlmittelzuflusses bzw. Kühlmittelabflusses vorgesehen sind.8. Stirling engine according to claim 7, characterized in that on the circumference at least two all radial ribs (23) bridging grooves (27) are provided to form the coolant inflow or outflow.
9. Stirlingmotor nach Anspruch 7 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kühlkörper (20) wenigstens an seiner mit dem Topf- boden korrespondierenden Bodenfläche mit Ringdichtungen (29) versehen ist.9. Stirling engine according to claim 7 or one of the following, characterized in that the heat sink (20) is provided with ring seals (29) at least on its bottom surface corresponding to the pot base.
10. Stirlingmotor nach Anspruch 7 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kühlkörper (20) auf seiner zum Erhitzer weisenden Randfläche einen nach außen weisenden Dichtkragen (32) mit einer Ringdichtung (31) aufweist. 10. Stirling engine according to claim 7 or one of the following, characterized in that the heat sink (20) has on its edge facing the heater an outwardly facing sealing collar (32) with an annular seal (31).
EP97914283A 1996-03-29 1997-03-21 Stirling engine Expired - Lifetime EP0890022B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE19612616 1996-03-29
DE19612616A DE19612616C2 (en) 1996-03-29 1996-03-29 Stirling engine
PCT/EP1997/001428 WO1997037119A1 (en) 1996-03-29 1997-03-21 Stirling engine

Publications (2)

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EP0890022A1 true EP0890022A1 (en) 1999-01-13
EP0890022B1 EP0890022B1 (en) 2001-06-13

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JP (1) JP2000506583A (en)
CN (1) CN1100203C (en)
AT (1) ATE202185T1 (en)
AU (1) AU736605B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2250224C (en)
DE (3) DE19612616C2 (en)
DK (1) DK0890022T3 (en)
NO (1) NO984511L (en)
WO (1) WO1997037119A1 (en)

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AU736605B2 (en) 2001-08-02
DE29620914U1 (en) 1997-07-03
NO984511D0 (en) 1998-09-28
NO984511L (en) 1998-11-30
CA2250224A1 (en) 1997-10-09
CA2250224C (en) 2004-02-03
CN1217765A (en) 1999-05-26
DE19612616A1 (en) 1997-10-02
ATE202185T1 (en) 2001-06-15
AU2158997A (en) 1997-10-22
WO1997037119A1 (en) 1997-10-09
DE59703803D1 (en) 2001-07-19
DK0890022T3 (en) 2001-09-03
CN1100203C (en) 2003-01-29
US6161381A (en) 2000-12-19
DE19612616C2 (en) 2002-03-07
JP2000506583A (en) 2000-05-30
EP0890022B1 (en) 2001-06-13

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