EP0888974B1 - Vorrichtung zum schrittweisen Entleeren einer Tube - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zum schrittweisen Entleeren einer Tube Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0888974B1 EP0888974B1 EP98401384A EP98401384A EP0888974B1 EP 0888974 B1 EP0888974 B1 EP 0888974B1 EP 98401384 A EP98401384 A EP 98401384A EP 98401384 A EP98401384 A EP 98401384A EP 0888974 B1 EP0888974 B1 EP 0888974B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- base plate
- axis
- cover plate
- emptying
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D35/00—Pliable tubular containers adapted to be permanently or temporarily deformed to expel contents, e.g. collapsible tubes for toothpaste or other plastic or semi-liquid material; Holders therefor
- B65D35/24—Pliable tubular containers adapted to be permanently or temporarily deformed to expel contents, e.g. collapsible tubes for toothpaste or other plastic or semi-liquid material; Holders therefor with auxiliary devices
- B65D35/28—Pliable tubular containers adapted to be permanently or temporarily deformed to expel contents, e.g. collapsible tubes for toothpaste or other plastic or semi-liquid material; Holders therefor with auxiliary devices for expelling contents
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for fractionally emptying a tube with deformable walls, according to the preamble of claim 1, containing a product of the cream or paste type.
- the invention is particularly suitable for emptying formed tubes aluminum, or a complex comprising at least one layer of aluminum.
- tubes are used in particular in the field of cosmetics, and in particularly for the packaging of hair coloring products, in particular for wicks.
- the tube drain rate is clearly insufficient, generally less than or equal to 80%, depending on the viscosity of the product. This is not satisfactory, neither for the consumer, nor for the manufacturing such products, due to the need to package in the tube, more product than necessary.
- European patent application EP-A-0 407 320 relates to a device for the extrusion of the contents of a sachet, in the form of a V-shaped clamp actuated by the user and provided with a thinner zone forming a joint.
- the clamp can be made by injection, followed by folding at the area of articulation, using a material of the type known under the name RIGIPLAST® commercial.
- Such a device although satisfactory for the application which it describes, is not satisfactory in the event that fractional use of the contents of the sachet is required. Indeed, it is not possible to precisely dose the quantity of product distributed. Furthermore, the use of such a device to empty a sachet is not a problem, since, due to its shape relatively flat, the bag does not tend to slide axially under the effect of the pressure exerted on the sachet, sandwiched between the support plate and the base plate. This is not true for packaging in the form of a tube, which typically has an inclined portion in the direction of the line of junction closing its bottom.
- US-A-5,145,093 describes a device for emptying a tube of toothpaste, in the form of tongs, comprising a base plate and a support plate at least twice shorter than the base plate, and allowing the contents of the tube to be emptied in two stages. For this purpose, after the partial emptying of the tube, the empty part must be folded over the non-emptied part of the tube, and replace the tube thus folded again in the clamp, to extrude the second half of the tube.
- the base plate extends beyond the shoulder of the tube, so that it is not not possible to obtain as high a drain rate as desirable.
- part of the product may to flow inadvertently onto the base plate.
- nothing is designed to prevent the tube from sliding axially under the effect of pressure exerted by the support plate.
- an X-axis device for the emptying of a tube formed by a body with deformable walls, a first of which end is closed along a junction line forming a bottom, a second end being surmounted by a collar delimiting an opening for the exit of a product contained in the tube, said neck being connected to the body by a shoulder
- said device comprising a base plate whose length is slightly less than the height under the shoulder of the tube, a support plate, length axial substantially identical to the length of the base plate, and articulated on the base plate around an A axis perpendicular to the X axis, so that when said tube is disposed between the base plate and the support plate, with the junction line located near axis A, the folding of the support plate on the base plate, drives the product towards the opening, and causes crushing of the walls of the tube between the base plate and the support plate, characterized in that the support plate comprises at least two parts articulated around an axis parallel to axis A, so as to
- the device according to the invention is particularly advantageous in that it is of a extremely low production cost. In addition, it is easy to use. In particular, it can be used with one hand, which allows, if necessary, use the other hand to hold the container into which the product is poured. In addition, the dosage of a fraction of the contents of the tube is more precise than the dosage allowed by conventional devices. Finally, the emptying rate is very high.
- means are arranged in the vicinity of the axis of articulation A to maintain the junction line of the tube, and immobilize the tube between the plate support and base plate.
- Such means make it possible to avoid that, when a pressure is exerted on the support plate, the tube is pushed forward, by sliding effect of the support plate on the inclined part of the tube.
- the support plate and the base plate advantageously form a recess in the vicinity of axis A, on either side of said axis, said means to maintain the junction line comprising at least one member, located at the interior of one of the recesses, said member having a free end, and is arranged so that when the support plate is folded over the plate base, said free end intercepts a closure plane passing through axis A and parallel to the base plate.
- the recesses are in half cylinder shape.
- Said organ may comprise a rib or at least one spike oriented according to axis A.
- a rib In the case of pins, several pins are used which are arranged regularly across the width of the device (i.e., parallel to axis A). In the case of a rib, it advantageously extends over the entire width of the device.
- the support plate has two parts, one, distal, located opposite the A axis, the other, proximal, adjacent to the A axis, the two parts being connected by an articulation allowing the complete folding of the distal part on the proximal part. This notably facilitates the gestures for the emptying of the first part of the tube.
- the articulation connecting the two parts forming the support plate is arranged so that the support of the proximal part, on the base plate empties half of the contents of the tube.
- the position of the articulation zone connecting the two parts forming the support plate is determined in particular according to the shape of the tube. To this end, in the event that the tube is to be emptied in two equal fractions, the position of the articulation zone may not coincide with half the length of the backing plate. it depends in particular on the geometry of the tube.
- means are designed to keep the proximal part in the folded position on the plate base, after emptying the part of the tube located between the base plate and said proximal part.
- This characteristic is particularly advantageous in that it allows, after using the first part of the tube, to store it, while keeping it kept inside the device according to the invention. So the product remaining in the upper part of the tube, cannot flow back into the part bottom of the tube.
- maintaining the proximal part in the folded position on the base plate is made by clipping, by means of at least one hook provided on either one of said base plates or support plate.
- the base plate may be slightly concave in shape, the concavity being oriented on the side of the support plate. This compensates for the effect linked to the intrinsic flexibility of the base plate, depending on the nature of the material thickness and also reduces the effort required to emptying the tube. As an indication, the concavity may have a radius of curvature can go from 1 m to infinity.
- the articulation formed around the axis A, as well as that (or those) connecting the parts forming the support plate consist of film hinges.
- Such an embodiment is particularly advantageous when the device is produced by molding of thermoplastic materials.
- the device according to the invention is particularly suitable for tubes made of aluminum or a complex comprising at least one layer aluminum.
- the product contained in the tube can for example be a coloring product capillary.
- the device 1 comprises a base plate 2, generally rectangular in shape and whose dimensions are adapted to the size of the tube to be drained.
- the base plate 2 has a free end 3.
- the end 4 opposite the free end forms a recess 5 of section in the form of a half-cylinder, the function of which will be explained in more detail later.
- the recess 5 is connected to a recess 6, of identical section to the section of recess 5, formed by a first end 7 of a support plate 8.
- the articulation of the plate support on the base plate is around an axis A perpendicular to the axis X of the device.
- the joint consists of a film hinge 15 connecting two adjacent edges of the recesses 5 and 6.
- the shape and dimensions of the support plate (8) are identical to those of the base plate (2), so that in the closed position the two plates are significantly overlap.
- the support plate 8 comprises two parts 9, 10 connected by a film hinge 11 allowing the folding of the part 10 on the part 9, around an axis B, parallel to axis A, as we will see in more detail thereafter.
- the film hinge 11 is located substantially in the middle of the support plate, so as to allow emptying into two substantially identical parts of the contents of a tube.
- part 9 may be slightly longer than the part 10.
- the part 10 can pivot by an angle of at least 180 °, so as to on the one hand be able to completely fold over on part 9, when emptying the first part of the tube, and secondly, to come into alignment with part 9 when emptying the second part of the tube.
- Means of attachment, type clipping hooks 12, 13, are provided on part 9, on each of its edges, so as to allow the attachment of the part 9 on the base plate 2, after emptying the first half of the tube. All of this will be explained in a way more precise with reference to FIGS. 2A-2B, 3A-3B, 4A-4B.
- a rib 14 is arranged radially over the entire width of the half-cylinder formed by the recess 6. This rib is arranged so that in position closed of the support plate 8 on the base plate 2, the free edge of the rib intercepts the plan to close the device. So when a tube is placed at inside the device, with the weld zone 21 substantially in contact with the film hinge forming axis A, by folding the support plate onto the base plate, the rib 14 presses on the weld zone and causes it to fold back into the recess 5, thus preventing the tube from sliding forward, as mentioned with reference to the device of patent US-A-5,145,093.
- this function is provided by a row of at least two pins arranged radially in the recess 6, and aligned parallel to the axis A.
- the width of the device along the axis A is preferably slightly greater than the width of the tube. Its length along the X axis is slightly less than the height under the shoulder of the tube.
- the axial length of the device (measured between axis A and the free end of the base plate or plate support) is such that, when the tube is positioned in the device, with the weld zone correctly positioned with respect to the rib 14, only the part consisting of the shoulder of the tube, the neck and the outlet orifice extends beyond the end of the base plate and the support plate. So in position closed of the device, the jaws formed by the base plate and the plate support arrive just under the shoulder of the tube. This feature allows optimize the tube drain rate.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B the tube 20 is positioned on the base plate 2, with the junction line 21, located in the vicinity of the axis A.
- the base plate arrives just under the shoulder 22 connecting the body 24 of the tube 20 to the neck 23.
- the part 10 is folded over the part 9 around the axis 11, so as to allow the emptying of the first half only of tube 20.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B the two parts 9 and 10 folded back on themselves, are folded over the lower part of the tube 20.
- the rib 14 stresses the junction zone 21 of the tube in the recess 5, thus preventing any sliding of the tube forward.
- the pressure exerted on the support plate expels the product towards the outlet, until the part of the tube wedged between part 9 of the support plate and the base plate is completely emptied.
- the corresponding part of the tube body is perfectly flat.
- This gesture can be performed with one hand. After emptying the first half of the tube, and assuming that a hook device 12 13 is used, as described with reference to Figure 1, part 9 of the backing plate is locked on the base plate.
- the tube can then be closed. Pending of a new use, it can be stored, thus kept in the device. This prevents in particular that during its conditioning, under the effect of pressures accidental, the product contained in the upper part of the tube does not flow back towards the lower part.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B the part 10 of the support plate is unfolded on the part high of the tube 20 so as to empty the second half of the tube. Pressure exerted by this part 10 of the support plate 8 causes the expulsion of the product out of the tube 20, and this until the tube is completely emptied.
- the ends of the base plate 2 and of the support plate 8 passing just under the shoulder there remains a small cone 25 between the shoulder and the end of the device. The content remaining in this cone can be drained substantially by forcing the cone to fold over part 10 of the support plate 8. The rate is thus close to, or even greater than, 95%, which constitutes progress noticeable compared to conventional methods and devices.
- the device is simple to use, the fractional dosing of the contents of the tube is carried out with precision.
- the overall effort to bringing is reduced by the creation of two successive lever arms; a first lever arm with portion 9 of the support plate as the first point of force, the tube 20 as a fulcrum and the axis A as a point of rotation; and one second lever with part 10 of the support plate as a second point of force, with only half the tube as a second fulcrum, and the hinge 11 as the second rotation point.
- the device can be used with one hand, which allows to hold with the other hand the container in which is poured the product.
- thermoplastic materials chosen from chlorides of polyvinyl, polystyrenes, or any other suitable material.
- the device can be made in a single injection molding operation.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
- Tubes (AREA)
- Refuse Collection And Transfer (AREA)
- Chutes (AREA)
- Unwinding Of Filamentary Materials (AREA)
Claims (14)
- Vorrichtung (1) mit einer Längsachse X zur Entleerung einer Tube (20), die aus einem Körper (24) mit verformbaren Wänden besteht, von dem ein erstes Ende entlang einer Verbindungslinie (21) geschlossen ist, während über einem zweiten Ende ein Hals (23) sitzt, der eine Öffnung für den Austritt eines in der Tube enthaltenen Produkts bildet, wobei der Hals über eine Schulter (22) mit dem Körper verbunden ist, wobei die Vorrichtung eine Basisplatte (2), deren Länge geringfügig kleiner ist als die Unterschulterhöhe der Tube, und eine Auflageplatte (8) aufweist, deren axiale Länge im wesentlichen gleich der Länge der Basisplatte (2) ist und die an die Basisplatte um eine Achse A senkrecht zur Achse X angelenkt ist, so daß, wenn die Tube zwischen der Basisplatte und der Auflageplatte angeordnet ist, mit der Verbindungslinie in der Nähe der Achse A, das Umfallen der Auflageplatte (8) auf die Basisplatte (2) das Produkt in Richtung der Öffnung verdrängt und das Zusammenquetschen der Wände der Tube zwischen der Basisplatte und der Auflageplatte bewirkt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auflageplatte mindestens zwei Teile (9, 10) aufweist, die um eine Achse B parallel zur Achse A gelenkig miteinander verbunden sind, um selektiv die Auflage der ganzen oder nur eines Teils der Auflageplatte (8) auf die Tube und die vollständige oder portionierte Entleerung dieser letzteren zu erlauben.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Mittel (14) in der Nähe der Gelenkachse A angeordnet sind, um die Verbindungslinie (21) der Tube zu halten und die Tube (20) zwischen der Auflageplatte (8) und der Basisplatte (2) zu blockieren.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auflageplatte (8) und die Basisplatte (2) eine Vertiefung (5, 6) in der Nähe der Achse A zu beiden Seiten der Achse bilden, wobei die Mittel für den Halt der Verbindungslinie mindestens ein Organ (14) aufweisen, das sich innerhalb einer der Vertiefungen (6) befindet, wobei dieses Organ ein freies Ende aufweist und so angeordnet ist, daß beim Umfalten der Auflageplatte (8) auf die Basisplatte (2) dieses freie Ende eine Verschlußebene schneidet, die durch die Achse A verläuft und parallel zur Basisplatte (2) ist und das Umfalten der Verbindungslinie (21) in die andere Vertiefung bewirkt.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Organ eine Rippe (14) oder zumindest eine Spitze aufweist, die gemäß der Achse A ausgerichtet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auflageplatte (8) zwei Teile (9, 10) aufweist, einen fernen (10), der sich entgegengesetzt zur Achse A befindet, und der andere nahe (9), der der Achse A benachbart ist, wobei die beiden Teile durch eine Gelenkverbindung (11) miteinander verbunden sind, die das vollständige Umfalten des fernen Teils (10) auf den nahen Teil (9) ermöglicht.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die die beiden die Auflageplatte bildenden Teile verbindende Gelenkverbindung (11) so angeordnet ist, daß das Auflegen des nahen Teils (9) auf die Basisplatte (8) die Entleerung der Hälfte des Tubeninhalts bewirkt.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Mittel (12, 13) vorgesehen sind, um nach dem Entleeren des Teils der Tube (20), der sich zwischen der Basisplatte (2) und dem nahen Teil (9) befindet, den nahen Teil (9) in der auf die Basisplatte (2) umgefalteten Stellung zu halten.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Halt des nahen Teils (9) in der auf die Basisplatte (8) umgefalteten Stellung durch Schnappverbindung mittels mindestens eines Hakens (12, 13) erfolgt, der auf der einen oder der anderen Platte, der Basisplatte (2) oder der Auflageplatte (9), vorgesehen ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Basisplatte (2) eine leicht konkave Form hat, wobei die Hohlfläche zur Seite der Auflageplatte (8) hin ausgerichtet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hohlfläche einen Krümmungsradius definiert, der von 1 m bis Unendlich gehen kann.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sowohl die Gelenkverbindung (15), die um die Achse A herum ausgebildet ist, als auch diejenige (oder diejenigen) (11), welche die die Auflageplatte (8) bildenden Teile (9, 10) verbindet (verbinden), aus Folienscharnieren bestehen.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung (1) durch Gießformen von thermoplastischen Materialien hergestellt wird.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Tube (20) aus Aluminium oder einem Komplex gebildet wird, der mindestens eine Aluminiumschicht aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Produkt ein Haarfärbeprodukt ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9708282 | 1997-07-01 | ||
FR9708282A FR2765559B1 (fr) | 1997-07-01 | 1997-07-01 | Dispositif pour la vidange fractionnee d'un tube |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0888974A1 EP0888974A1 (de) | 1999-01-07 |
EP0888974B1 true EP0888974B1 (de) | 2002-08-21 |
Family
ID=9508694
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98401384A Expired - Lifetime EP0888974B1 (de) | 1997-07-01 | 1998-06-09 | Vorrichtung zum schrittweisen Entleeren einer Tube |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5890625A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0888974B1 (de) |
AR (1) | AR045965A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2241344C (de) |
DE (1) | DE69807295T2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2182244T3 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2765559B1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202011002733U1 (de) | 2011-02-15 | 2011-04-28 | Knupper, Claus | Tubenförmiges Verpackungsmittel |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5975363A (en) * | 1998-06-12 | 1999-11-02 | Haycock; Steven M. | Device for aiding in expelling the contents of a collapsible tube |
ITTO20030383A1 (it) * | 2003-05-23 | 2004-11-24 | Prodotti Ind Srl | Dispositivo per l'erogazione di sostanze fluide |
US20060043108A1 (en) * | 2004-08-30 | 2006-03-02 | Burrell William E | Apparatus for dispensing flowable contents of a collapsible tube |
WO2006069460A2 (de) * | 2004-12-30 | 2006-07-06 | Medmix Systems Ag | Mehrkomponenten-austragvorrichtung für flüssige und pulverförmige stoffe |
NL1028217C2 (nl) * | 2005-02-08 | 2006-08-09 | Intercon Holland B V | Inrichting voor het omhullen en leegdrukken van een verpakking alsmede samenstel van een dergelijke inrichting en verpakking. |
ES2296472B1 (es) * | 2005-10-28 | 2009-03-01 | Florencio Venteo Peinado | Dispositivo manual para facilitar el vaciado de tubos que almacenan productos pastosos. |
DE102007037769A1 (de) * | 2007-08-10 | 2009-02-12 | Heinz Hartmann | Tubenausdrückeinrichtung |
US10039884B2 (en) | 2012-06-26 | 2018-08-07 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Clip syringe |
JP6077246B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-19 | 2017-02-08 | ホーユー株式会社 | 容器絞り出し器具及びチューブ容器絞り出しセット |
JP2014104979A (ja) * | 2012-11-22 | 2014-06-09 | Takeuchi Press Ind Co Ltd | チューブ容器絞り出し器具 |
US11713165B2 (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2023-08-01 | Amber Askins Gearhart | Decorative sleeve for soft-packaging products |
US20230210317A1 (en) * | 2023-03-14 | 2023-07-06 | Shenzhen Karon Electric Technology Co., Ltd. | Full-automatic induction extrusion apparatus for emulsion and paste in tube packages |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3281016A (en) * | 1965-03-18 | 1966-10-25 | Univ Chattanooga | Tube squeezer dispenser |
FR1524378A (fr) * | 1967-03-31 | 1968-05-10 | Appareil facilitant la distribution des produits conditionnés sous tubes | |
GB1594790A (en) * | 1977-06-09 | 1981-08-05 | Holt R A | Dispensers |
DE7929593U1 (de) * | 1979-10-19 | 1980-01-17 | Wella Ag | Einhandbetaetigbare Tubenentleerungseinrichtung |
FR2649379B1 (fr) | 1989-07-04 | 1992-01-03 | Rech Inf Pharmacie | Monodoses a liberation controlee de preparations liquides ou pateuses en fonction des proprietes physico-chimiques du contenu |
US5145093A (en) | 1991-10-15 | 1992-09-08 | Zeller Henry O | Toothpaste dispenser |
FR2694540A1 (fr) * | 1992-08-07 | 1994-02-11 | Geb | Emballage pour la distribution de produits liquides ou pâteux. |
-
1997
- 1997-07-01 FR FR9708282A patent/FR2765559B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-06-09 ES ES98401384T patent/ES2182244T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-06-09 DE DE69807295T patent/DE69807295T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-06-09 EP EP98401384A patent/EP0888974B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-06-29 AR ARP980103135A patent/AR045965A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 1998-06-30 CA CA002241344A patent/CA2241344C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-07-01 US US09/108,245 patent/US5890625A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202011002733U1 (de) | 2011-02-15 | 2011-04-28 | Knupper, Claus | Tubenförmiges Verpackungsmittel |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2765559B1 (fr) | 1999-09-03 |
ES2182244T3 (es) | 2003-03-01 |
FR2765559A1 (fr) | 1999-01-08 |
EP0888974A1 (de) | 1999-01-07 |
US5890625A (en) | 1999-04-06 |
CA2241344C (fr) | 2002-03-19 |
AR045965A1 (es) | 2005-11-23 |
CA2241344A1 (fr) | 1999-01-01 |
DE69807295T2 (de) | 2003-02-06 |
DE69807295D1 (de) | 2002-09-26 |
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