EP0880118A2 - Optical smoke detector - Google Patents
Optical smoke detector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0880118A2 EP0880118A2 EP98108717A EP98108717A EP0880118A2 EP 0880118 A2 EP0880118 A2 EP 0880118A2 EP 98108717 A EP98108717 A EP 98108717A EP 98108717 A EP98108717 A EP 98108717A EP 0880118 A2 EP0880118 A2 EP 0880118A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- light
- beam path
- receiver
- smoke detector
- optical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
- G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
- G08B17/113—Constructional details
Definitions
- the invention relates to an optical smoke detector according to the backscatter principle according to the preamble of the claim 1.
- Optical smoke detectors are preferably considered automatic Fire detectors used for the early detection of fires. Because of Their early warning features are among the many common types of automatic fire detectors are outstanding Meaning as they are best able to fire in to recognize their development phase. This allows fire fighting measures initiated early and effectively will.
- optical smoke detectors With optical smoke detectors, the optical properties of particles and aerosols to identify the fire parameter Smoke used.
- Smoke detectors the principle of Scattering of light from the particles in a measuring chamber and take advantage of aerosols are used as scattered light smoke detectors designated.
- the angle is used for scattered-light smoke detectors between the direction of propagation of a light transmitter and the optical axis of a light receiver for type differentiation. If the angle is less than 90 °, it is a forward-scattering optical smoke detector. At a An angle that is greater than 90 ° is one backward scattering optical smoke detector.
- the principle of Backward scattering results compared to the principle of forward scattering a smaller one, but in terms of the type and size of the Smoke particles more evenly scattered light. This attribute makes the backscattering optical smoke detector more practical.
- Dew in the measuring chamber of the optical smoke detector triggers on both a forward scattering and one backward scattering optical smoke detector due to an increase in stray light a false alarm.
- EP 0 418 410 describes how with an optical Measuring chamber of an optical smoke detector attached Humidity sensor measured the relative humidity and thus the scattered light measured value is compensated according to a calculation rule will ensure that no false alarm is triggered when condensation occurs becomes.
- An optical smoke detector is known from DE 43 07 585, at with the help of an optical measuring method the surface of the Optics of the smoke detector for condensation and contamination is examined. Compensate the measurement values obtained the scattered light measurement so that condensation and / or contamination the optical smoke detector does not trigger a false alarm.
- a radiation smoke detector is known in the radiation from a radiation source an optical fiber is supplied and the signal to be measured via another light guide to a radiation receiver is passed, the two optical fibers in the beam path focusing elements and apertures are available.
- Further apertures serving as light sump lie outside the Radiation cone and therefore do not lead to an increase in Scattered radiation in the best case.
- the sensitivity is a disadvantage on contamination of the lenses, because of the then changed the optical conditions, the further apertures in the Radiation cones are and therefore undesirably Contribute to scattered radiation. This problem is not recognized there.
- the object of the invention is to provide an optical smoke detector the good responsiveness of a backscatter principle working smoke detector to develop, if possible small design an improved immunity of the optics, especially against pollution and condensation, without to use a compensation method.
- the object is achieved by an optical smoke detector with the characterizing features of the claim 1 solved.
- those belonging to the light transmitter and the light receiver become Beam paths through in front of the light transmitter and the light receiver arranged panels so limited that the Only intersect the beam paths in one area of the measuring chamber, in which there are no edges or surfaces on which condensation or dirt build up can.
- This condition also occurs when the lenses are dirty maintain.
- This additional reflection turns the resulting Interference signal weakened so that in the evaluation of Useful signal due to scattering in an area of overlap of the smoke particles that stop the beam paths can be and so no alarm is triggered.
- the optical Measuring chamber surrounded by a labyrinth made up of scattering bodies with an L-shaped cross section is arranged so that on rays of light hitting the maze are reflected in this maze and reflected back only weakly into the measuring chamber will.
- the figure shows a schematic cross section of the optical Smoke detector in top view.
- a light transmitter 2 for example an infrared emitting light-emitting diode
- a light receiver 3 for example an infrared-sensitive photo detector, so attached to the edge of the measuring chamber 1 that their optical Cut axes at a backscatter angle 4 that is greater than Is 90 °.
- Apertures 5 are arranged around an assigned to the light receiver 3 Restrict the receiver beam path 6.
- the light transmitter 2 screens 7 arranged around one of the light transmitter Restrict 2 assigned transmitter beam path 8.
- the receiver beam path 6 is also a converging lens 9 mounted in a bracket 10, the bracket 10 together with the panels 5 of the light receiver 3 from one Piece, for example made of plastic.
- the transmitter beam path 8 and the receiver beam path 6 overlap both in the unpolluted as well as in the dirty case only in an overlap area 11 inside the measuring chamber 1, in which none additional edges and surfaces can be found on which dirt or moisture can precipitate.
- a smoke particle 12 is generated in this overlap area 11 by the backscattered on it and in the light receiver 3 detected light a useful signal. Dirt or moisture can only be reflected in the measuring chamber 1 that light backscattered thereon at least one further reflection must experience on a surface of the measuring chamber 1 in which this light is weakened to be detected in the light receiver 3 to become.
- the interference signal generated by this is opposite the useful signal weakened due to the additional reflection, so that already through the arrangement according to the invention a large useful / interference signal distance is ensured.
- the light transmitter 2 and the light receiver 3 are connected to a control unit 15 connected, which controls both the light transmitter 2 reads the data from the light receiver 3, evaluates and possibly an alarm message to a not represented center transmitted.
- the measuring chamber 1 is in the form of an opening to the outside known smoke guide star 16 equipped for this ensure that the optical smoke alarm for smoke from everyone Directions is equally sensitive.
- This design makes an optical smoke detector with good Response behavior based on the backscatter principle been made insensitive to precipitation from pollution or moisture is designed.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
Abstract
Bisher wird das Problem des Feuchtigkeitsniederschlags in optischen Rauchmeldern nach dem Rückstreuprinzip durch eine zusätzliche Bestimmung des Feuchtigkeitsniederschlags mit Hilfe zusätzlicher Lichtquellen oder Feuchtigkeitssensoren gelöst. Der erfindungsgemäße optische Rauchmelder soll ohne Kompensationsmechanismen auskommen, und dennoch unempfindlich gegenüber Feuchtigkeit oder Verschmutzung sein. Die optischen Strahlengänge (6,8) des Lichtempfängers (3) und des Lichtsenders (2) werden durch Blenden (5,7) derart eingeschränkt, daß sie sich nur in einem Überlappungsbereich (11) in der optischen Meßkammer (1) überlagern. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, daß Licht, welches an einer Verschmutzung oder Feuchtigkeit rückgestreut wird, eine zusätzliche Reflexion und damit eine Signalschwächung erfährt, bevor es im Lichtempfänger (3) detektiert wird. Gegenüber Feuchtigkeit und Verschmutzung unempfindlicher optischer Rauchmelder ohne Kompensationsmechanismen. <IMAGE>So far, the problem of moisture precipitation in optical smoke detectors based on the backscatter principle has been solved by an additional determination of the moisture precipitation with the aid of additional light sources or moisture sensors. The optical smoke detector according to the invention should do without compensation mechanisms and yet be insensitive to moisture or dirt. The optical beam paths (6, 8) of the light receiver (3) and the light transmitter (2) are restricted by diaphragms (5, 7) in such a way that they only overlap in an overlap area (11) in the optical measuring chamber (1). This ensures that light that is scattered back due to contamination or moisture experiences an additional reflection and thus a signal weakening before it is detected in the light receiver (3). Optical smoke detectors that are insensitive to moisture and dirt without compensation mechanisms. <IMAGE>
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen optischen Rauchmelder
nach dem Rückstreuprinzip gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs
1.The invention relates to an optical smoke detector
according to the backscatter principle according to the preamble of the
Optische Rauchmelder werden vorzugsweise als automatische Brandmelder zur Früherkennung von Bränden eingesetzt. Aufgrund ihrer Frühwarneigenschaft haben sie unter den vielen gängigen Typen von automatischen Brandmeldern eine herausragende Bedeutung, da sie am besten in der Lage sind, Brände in ihrer Entstehungsphase zu erkennen. Dadurch können Brandbekämpfungsmaßnahmen frühzeitig und wirkungsvoll eingeleitet werden.Optical smoke detectors are preferably considered automatic Fire detectors used for the early detection of fires. Because of Their early warning features are among the many common types of automatic fire detectors are outstanding Meaning as they are best able to fire in to recognize their development phase. This allows fire fighting measures initiated early and effectively will.
Bei optischen Rauchmeldern werden die optischen Eigenschaften von Partikeln und Aerosolen zur Erkennung der Brandkenngröße Rauch herangezogen. Rauchmelder, die das Prinzip der Lichtstreuung an den in einer Meßkammer befindlichen Partikeln und Aerosolen ausnutzen, werden als Streulichtrauchmelder bezeichnet. Bei Streulichtrauchmeldern dient der Winkel zwischen der Ausbreitungsrichtung eines Lichtsenders und der optischen Achse eines Lichtempfängers zur Typenunterscheidung. Ist der Winkel kleiner als 90°, so handelt es sich um einen vorwärtsstreuenden optischen Rauchmelder. Bei einem Winkel, der größer als 90° ist, handelt es sich um einen rückwärtsstreuenden optischen Rauchmelder. Das Prinzip der Rückwärtsstreuung ergibt gegenüber dem Prinzip der Vorwärtsstreuung ein kleineres, aber bezüglich der Art und Größe der Rauchteilchen gleichmäßigeres Streulicht. Diese Eigenschaft macht den rückwärtsstreuenden optischen Rauchmelder praxisgeeigneter.With optical smoke detectors, the optical properties of particles and aerosols to identify the fire parameter Smoke used. Smoke detectors, the principle of Scattering of light from the particles in a measuring chamber and take advantage of aerosols are used as scattered light smoke detectors designated. The angle is used for scattered-light smoke detectors between the direction of propagation of a light transmitter and the optical axis of a light receiver for type differentiation. If the angle is less than 90 °, it is a forward-scattering optical smoke detector. At a An angle that is greater than 90 ° is one backward scattering optical smoke detector. The principle of Backward scattering results compared to the principle of forward scattering a smaller one, but in terms of the type and size of the Smoke particles more evenly scattered light. This attribute makes the backscattering optical smoke detector more practical.
Eine Betauung in der Meßkammer des optischen Rauchmelders löst sowohl bei einem vorwärtsstreuenden als auch bei einem rückwärtsstreuenden optischen Rauchmelder wegen einer Störlichterhöhung einen Fehlalarm aus.Dew in the measuring chamber of the optical smoke detector triggers on both a forward scattering and one backward scattering optical smoke detector due to an increase in stray light a false alarm.
Um der Gefahr einer Falschalarmierung aus dem Wege zu gehen, hat man an Einsatzorten, an denen es gelegentlich zur Betauung des optischen Rauchmelders kommen kann (zum Beispiel Produktionshallen, Werkstätten, Tiefgaragen), Wärmemelder eingesetzt oder die optischen Rauchmelder mit einer elektrischen Melderheizung ausgestattet. Wärmemelder haben den Nachteil, daß sie nicht die Frühwarneigenschaften des optischen Rauchmelders besitzen. Nachteilig bei der Melderheizung sind neben den Zusatzkosten die Installation einer gesonderten Energieleitung und der nicht systemkonforme Energieverbrauch.To avoid the risk of false alarms, one has at locations where it is occasionally condensation of the optical smoke detector (for example production halls, Workshops, underground garages), heat detectors or the optical smoke detectors with an electrical one Detector heater equipped. Heat detectors have the disadvantage that it does not have the early warning properties of the optical smoke detector have. Disadvantages of detector heating are in addition the additional costs of installing a separate power line and the non-compliant energy consumption.
In EP 0 418 410 ist beschrieben, wie mit einem in der optischen Meßkammer eines optischen Rauchmelders angebrachten Feuchtesensor die relative Luftfeuchtigkeit gemessen und damit der Streulichtmeßwert nach einer Rechenvorschrift so kompensiert wird, daß bei Betauung kein Fehlalarm ausgelöst wird.EP 0 418 410 describes how with an optical Measuring chamber of an optical smoke detector attached Humidity sensor measured the relative humidity and thus the scattered light measured value is compensated according to a calculation rule will ensure that no false alarm is triggered when condensation occurs becomes.
Aus DE 43 07 585 ist ein optischer Rauchmelder bekannt, bei dem mit Hilfe einer optischen Meßmethode die Oberflache der Empfangsoptik des Rauchmelders auf Betauung und Verschmutzung untersucht wird. Die dabei gewonnenen Meßwerte kompensieren den Streulichtmeßwert so, daß bei Betauung und/oder Verschmutzung der optische Rauchmelder keinen Fehlalarm auslöst.An optical smoke detector is known from DE 43 07 585, at with the help of an optical measuring method the surface of the Optics of the smoke detector for condensation and contamination is examined. Compensate the measurement values obtained the scattered light measurement so that condensation and / or contamination the optical smoke detector does not trigger a false alarm.
Aus WO 84/01650 ist ein optischer Rauchmelder bekannt, der sowohl nach dem Vorwärtsstreu- als auch nach dem Rückwärtsstreuprinzip arbeitet, indem zwei Lichtsender und ein Lichtempfänger so angeordnet sind, daß beide Prinzipien ausgenutzt werden können.From WO 84/01650 an optical smoke detector is known which both according to the forward spreading and the backward spreading principle works by adding two light transmitters and one light receiver are arranged so that both principles are used can be.
Nachteilig bei allen drei bekannten Verfahren und Vorrichtungen ist es, daß zum einen ein zusätzlicher apparativer Aufwand durch den Einbau einer zweiten Lichtquelle bzw. eines zusätzlichen Feuchtesensors nötig ist, und andererseits ein aufwendiges Kompensationsverfahren nach der Messung zur Ermittlung der Kenngrößen durchgeführt werden muß.A disadvantage of all three known methods and devices it is that on the one hand an additional expenditure on equipment by installing a second light source or one additional moisture sensor is necessary, and on the other hand elaborate compensation procedure after the measurement to determine the parameters must be carried out.
Aus DE 32 33 368 ist ein Strahlungsrauchmelder bekannt, bei dem einem Meßraum die Strahlung einer Strahlungsquelle über einen Lichtleiter zugeführt wird und das zu messende Signal über einen anderen Lichtleiter zu einem Strahlungsempfänger geleitet wird, wobei im Strahlengang der beiden Lichtleiter fokussierende Elemente und Blenden vorhanden sind. Als Lichtsumpf dienende weitere Blenden liegen außerhalb des Strahlungskegels und führen daher nicht zu einer Erhöhung der Streustrahlung im optimalen Fall. Nachteilig ist die Empfindlichkeit auf Verschmutzungen der Linsen, da durch die dann geänderten optischen Verhältnisse die weiteren Blenden im Strahlungskegel liegen und daher unerwünschterweise zur Streustrahlung beitragen. Dieses Problem ist dort nicht erkannt.From DE 32 33 368 a radiation smoke detector is known in the radiation from a radiation source an optical fiber is supplied and the signal to be measured via another light guide to a radiation receiver is passed, the two optical fibers in the beam path focusing elements and apertures are available. As Further apertures serving as light sump lie outside the Radiation cone and therefore do not lead to an increase in Scattered radiation in the best case. The sensitivity is a disadvantage on contamination of the lenses, because of the then changed the optical conditions, the further apertures in the Radiation cones are and therefore undesirably Contribute to scattered radiation. This problem is not recognized there.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen optischen Rauchmelder mit dem guten Ansprechverhalten eines nach dem Rückstreuprinzip arbeitenden Rauchmelders zu entwickeln, der bei möglichst kleiner Bauform eine verbesserte Störfestigkeit der Optik, vor allem gegenüber Verschmutzung und Betauung, aufweist, ohne eine Kompensationsmethode zu verwenden.The object of the invention is to provide an optical smoke detector the good responsiveness of a backscatter principle working smoke detector to develop, if possible small design an improved immunity of the optics, especially against pollution and condensation, without to use a compensation method.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch einen optischen Rauchmelder
mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs
1 gelöst.The object is achieved by an optical smoke detector
with the characterizing features of the
Dabei werden die zum Lichtsender und zum Lichtempfänger gehörigen Strahlengänge durch vor den Lichtsender und den Lichtempfänger angeordnete Blenden so eingeschränkt, daß sich die Strahlengänge nur in einem Bereich der Meßkammer überschneiden, in dem keine Kanten oder Flächen vorhanden sind, auf denen sich Feuchtigkeit oder Verschmutzungen niederschlagen können. Auch bei Verschmutzung der Linsen wird dieser Zustand aufrechterhalten. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, daß an in der Meßkammer beispielsweise am Rand niedergeschlagenen Feuchtigkeitstropfen oder Verschmutzungen gestreutes Licht mindestens eine weitere Reflexion an einer zusätzlichen Fläche der Meßkammer erfahren muß, um in den Lichtempfänger zu gelangen. Durch diese zusätzliche Reflexion wird das daraus resultierende Störsignal so geschwächt, daß es in der Auswertung vom Nutzsignal durch Streuung an einem sich im Überlappungsbereich der Strahlengänge aufhaltenden Rauchpartikel unterschieden werden kann und so kein Alarm ausgelöst wird.Thereby, those belonging to the light transmitter and the light receiver become Beam paths through in front of the light transmitter and the light receiver arranged panels so limited that the Only intersect the beam paths in one area of the measuring chamber, in which there are no edges or surfaces on which condensation or dirt build up can. This condition also occurs when the lenses are dirty maintain. This ensures that in the Measuring chamber, for example, moisture drops deposited on the edge or dirt scattered light at least another reflection on an additional surface of the measuring chamber must experience to get into the light receiver. This additional reflection turns the resulting Interference signal weakened so that in the evaluation of Useful signal due to scattering in an area of overlap of the smoke particles that stop the beam paths can be and so no alarm is triggered.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführung der Erfindung ist die optische Meßkammer von einem Labyrinth umgeben, das aus Streukörpern mit L-förmigem Querschnitt so angeordnet ist, daß auf das Labyrinth treffende Lichtstrahlen in diesem Labyrinth reflektiert und nur stark geschwächt in die Meßkammer zurückreflektiert werden.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the optical Measuring chamber surrounded by a labyrinth made up of scattering bodies with an L-shaped cross section is arranged so that on rays of light hitting the maze are reflected in this maze and reflected back only weakly into the measuring chamber will.
Durch die erreichte Unempfindlichkeit gegenüber Feuchtigkeit oder Verschmutzung sind keine Vorrichtungen für zusätzliche Kompensationsmechanismen notwendig. Dadurch läßt sich die Bauform des optischen Rauchmelders sehr klein und preiswert realisieren, da auf die Anbringung eines Feuchtigkeitssensors oder einer zweiten Lichtquelle verzichtet wird.Due to the insensitivity to moisture or pollution are not devices for additional Compensation mechanisms necessary. This allows the Design of the optical smoke detector very small and inexpensive realize because of the attachment of a moisture sensor or a second light source is dispensed with.
Anhand der einzigen Figur wird die Erfindung näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the single figure.
Dabei zeigt die Figur einen schematischen Querschnitt des optischen Rauchmelders in Draufsicht.The figure shows a schematic cross section of the optical Smoke detector in top view.
In einer Meßkammer 1 sind ein Lichtsender 2, beispielsweise
eine infrarotemittierende Leuchtdiode, und ein Lichtempfänger
3, beispielsweise ein infrarotempfindlicher Fotodetektor, so
am Rand der Meßkammer 1 angebracht, daß sich ihre optischen
Achsen in einem Rückstreuwinkel 4 schneiden, der größer als
90° ist. In Strahlrichtung vor dem Lichtempfänger 3 sind
Blenden 5 angeordnet, um einen dem Lichtempfänger 3 zugeordneten
Empfängerstrahlengang 6 einzuschränken. Ebenso sind vor
dem Lichtsender 2 Blenden 7 angeordnet, um einen dem Lichtsender
2 zugeordneten Senderstrahlengang 8 einzuschränken. In
den Empfängerstrahlengang 6 ist zusätzlich eine Sammellinse 9
in einer Halterung 10 angebracht, wobei die Halterung 10 zusammen
mit den Blenden 5 des Lichtempfängers 3 aus einem
Stück, beispielsweise aus Kunststoff, angefertigt wird. Dadurch
ist eine automatische Justierung des Empfängerstrahlengangs
6 sichergestellt. Der Senderstrahlengang 8 und der Empfängerstrahlengang
6 überschneiden sich sowohl im unverschmutzten
als auch im verschmutzten Fall nur in einem Überlappungsbereich
11 im Inneren der Meßkammer 1, in dem keine
zusätzlichen Kanten und Flächen anzutreffen sind, an denen
sich Verschmutzungen oder Feuchtigkeit niederschlagen können.
Ein Rauchpartikelchen 12 in diesem Überlappungsbereich 11 erzeugt
durch das an ihm rückgestreute und im Lichtempfänger 3
detektierte Licht ein Nutzsignal. Verschmutzungen oder Feuchtigkeit
können sich nur so in der Meßkammer 1 niederschlagen,
daß daran rückgestreutes Licht mindestens eine weitere Reflexion
an einer Fläche der Meßkammer 1 erfahren muß, bei der
dieses Licht geschwächt wird, um im Lichtempfänger 3 detektiert
zu werden. Das dadurch erzeugte Störsignal ist gegenüber
dem Nutzsignal aufgrund der zusätzlichen Reflexion geschwächt,
so daß durch die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung bereits
ein großer Nutz-/Störsignalabstand sichergestellt ist.In a
Um störende Reflexionen weiter zu verringern, sind kreisförmig
um die Meßkammer herum Streukörper 13 mit L-förmigem
Querschnitt derart in einem Labyrinth 14 angeordnet, daß auf
die Streukörper 13 einfallendes Licht in dem Labyrinth 14
hin- und herreflektiert wird, und nur ein kleiner Teil des
Lichtes wieder zurück in die Meßkammer 1 gestreut wird.To further reduce annoying reflections, they are circular
around the measuring
Der Lichtsender 2 und der Lichtempfänger 3 sind an eine Steuereinheit
15 angeschlossen, die sowohl den Lichtsender 2 ansteuert
als auch die Daten des Lichtempfängers 3 ausliest,
auswertet und gegebenenfalls eine Alarmmeldung an eine nicht
dargestellte Zentrale übermittelt.The
Die Meßkammer 1 ist mit Öffnungen zum Außenraum in Form eines
an sich bekannten Rauchleitsterns 16 ausgestattet, die dafür
sorgen, daß der optische Rauchmelder für Rauch aus allen
Richtungen gleichmäßig empfindlich ist.The
Durch diese Ausführung ist ein optischer Rauchmelder mit gutem Ansprechverhalten nach dem Rückstreuprinzip realisiert worden, der unempfindlich gegen Niederschlag aus Verschmutzung oder Feuchtigkeit ausgelegt ist.This design makes an optical smoke detector with good Response behavior based on the backscatter principle been made insensitive to precipitation from pollution or moisture is designed.
Claims (6)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß im Senderstrahlengang (8) mindestens eine Blende (7) und im Empfängerstrahlengang (6) mindestens eine weitere Blende (5) so angeordnet sind, daß sich der Senderstrahlengang (8) und der Empfängerstrahlengang (6) sowohl im Fall ohne Verschmutzung als auch mit Verschmutzung in einem Überlappungsbereich (11) in der Meßkammer (1) überlagern, in dem keine Kanten oder Flächen vorhanden sind, an denen sich Feuchtigkeit oder Verschmutzungen niederschlagen können.Optical smoke detector according to the backscatter principle with a measuring chamber (1), a light transmitter (2) with associated transmitter beam path (8) and a light receiver (3) with associated receiver beam path (6), the light transmitter (2) and the light receiver (3) being arranged in this way are that the optical axes of the transmitter beam path (8) and the receiver beam path (6) intersect in the measuring chamber (1) at a backscatter angle (4) greater than 90 °,
characterized by
that in the transmitter beam path (8) at least one diaphragm (7) and in the receiver beam path (6) at least one further diaphragm (5) are arranged so that the transmitter beam path (8) and the receiver beam path (6) are both in the case without pollution and with Overlay contamination in an overlap area (11) in the measuring chamber (1), in which there are no edges or surfaces on which moisture or dirt can deposit.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß eine Sammellinse (9) im Empfängerstrahlengang (6) zwischen dem Lichtempfänger (3) und der mindestens einen dem Empfängerstrahlengang (6) zugeordneten weiteren Blende (5) angebracht ist.Optical smoke detector according to claim 1,
characterized by
that a converging lens (9) is mounted in the receiver beam path (6) between the light receiver (3) and the at least one further aperture (5) assigned to the receiver beam path (6).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß eine Haltevorrichtung (10) für die Sammellinse (9) zusammen mit der mindestens einen dem Empfängerstrahlengang (6) zugeordneten weiteren Blende (5) aus einem Teil angefertigt sind.Optical smoke detector according to claim 2,
characterized by
that a holding device (10) for the converging lens (9) is made from one part together with the at least one further aperture (5) assigned to the receiver beam path (6).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß Streukörper (13) mit L-förmigen Querschnitt kreisförmig um die Meßkammer (1) herum in einem Labyrinth (14) so angeordnet sind, daß auf die Streukörper (13) einfallendes Licht im Labyrinth (14) so gestreut wird, daß nur ein kleiner Teil in die Meßkammer (1) zurückgestreut wird.Optical smoke detector according to claim 1, 2 or 3,
characterized by
that scattering bodies (13) with an L-shaped cross section are arranged in a circle around the measuring chamber (1) in a labyrinth (14) in such a way that light falling on the scattering bodies (13) is scattered in the labyrinth (14) in such a way that only a small one Part is scattered back into the measuring chamber (1).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Lichtquelle (2) eine infrarot emittierende Leuchtdiode und der Lichtempfänger (3) eine infrarotempfindliche Fotodiode ist.Optical smoke detector according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized by
that the light source (2) is an infrared-emitting light-emitting diode and the light receiver (3) is an infrared-sensitive photodiode.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die mindestens eine dem Senderstrahlengang (8) zugeordnete Blende (7), die mindestens eine dem Empfängerstrahlengang (6) zugeordnete weitere Blende (5) sowie die Streukörper (13) im Labyrinth (14) aus Kunststoff gebildet sind.Optical smoke detector according to claim 4 or 5,
characterized by
that the at least one aperture (7) assigned to the transmitter beam path (8), the at least one further aperture (5) assigned to the receiver beam path (6) and the scattering bodies (13) in the labyrinth (14) are formed from plastic.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19721065 | 1997-05-20 | ||
| DE19721065 | 1997-05-20 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0880118A2 true EP0880118A2 (en) | 1998-11-25 |
| EP0880118A3 EP0880118A3 (en) | 2000-01-05 |
| EP0880118B1 EP0880118B1 (en) | 2003-08-13 |
Family
ID=7829979
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98108717A Expired - Lifetime EP0880118B1 (en) | 1997-05-20 | 1998-05-13 | Optical smoke detector |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0880118B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE247316T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59809254D1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002039802A2 (en) * | 2000-11-10 | 2002-05-16 | Unitive Electronics, Inc. | Methods of positioning components using liquid prime movers and related structures |
| WO2004001693A1 (en) * | 2002-06-20 | 2003-12-31 | Siemens Building Technologies Ag | Scattered-light smoke detector |
| EP1881319A1 (en) * | 2006-07-20 | 2008-01-23 | SICK Engineering GmbH | Device and method for measuring light dispersion |
| CN111540159A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-14 | 深圳市泛海三江电子股份有限公司 | Smoke alarm capable of directionally eliminating interference of condensation and use method |
| CN111540158A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-14 | 深圳市泛海三江电子股份有限公司 | Smoke alarm with condensation recognition function and use method |
| CN111564019A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-21 | 深圳市泛海三江电子股份有限公司 | Anti-condensation interference smoke fire detector and use method thereof |
| CN117054304A (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2023-11-14 | 浙江天赛计量检测股份有限公司 | Detection equipment of smoke and dust sampler |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0105199A1 (en) * | 1982-09-08 | 1984-04-11 | Heimann GmbH | Radiation smoke alarm |
| EP0213878A2 (en) * | 1985-08-24 | 1987-03-11 | Nohmi Bosai Ltd. | A light-scattering-type smoke detector |
| GB2281619A (en) * | 1993-09-07 | 1995-03-08 | Hochiki Co | Light scattering type smoke sensor |
| EP0660283A1 (en) * | 1993-12-22 | 1995-06-28 | Nohmi Bosai Ltd. | Photoelectric type fire detector and sensitivity adjustment unit therefor |
-
1998
- 1998-05-13 EP EP98108717A patent/EP0880118B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-05-13 DE DE59809254T patent/DE59809254D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-05-13 AT AT98108717T patent/ATE247316T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0105199A1 (en) * | 1982-09-08 | 1984-04-11 | Heimann GmbH | Radiation smoke alarm |
| EP0213878A2 (en) * | 1985-08-24 | 1987-03-11 | Nohmi Bosai Ltd. | A light-scattering-type smoke detector |
| GB2281619A (en) * | 1993-09-07 | 1995-03-08 | Hochiki Co | Light scattering type smoke sensor |
| EP0660283A1 (en) * | 1993-12-22 | 1995-06-28 | Nohmi Bosai Ltd. | Photoelectric type fire detector and sensitivity adjustment unit therefor |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7032806B2 (en) | 2000-11-10 | 2006-04-25 | Unitive Electronics, Inc. | Methods of positioning components using liquid prime movers and related structures |
| WO2002039802A3 (en) * | 2000-11-10 | 2003-04-03 | Unitive Electronics Inc | Methods of positioning components using liquid prime movers and related structures |
| WO2002039802A2 (en) * | 2000-11-10 | 2002-05-16 | Unitive Electronics, Inc. | Methods of positioning components using liquid prime movers and related structures |
| US7213740B2 (en) | 2000-11-10 | 2007-05-08 | Unitive International Limited | Optical structures including liquid bumps and related methods |
| CN1662942B (en) * | 2002-06-20 | 2010-05-12 | 西门子公司 | Scattered light alarm |
| EP1376504A1 (en) * | 2002-06-20 | 2004-01-02 | Siemens Building Technologies AG | Light scattering smoke detector |
| US7365846B2 (en) | 2002-06-20 | 2008-04-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Scattered light smoke detector |
| WO2004001693A1 (en) * | 2002-06-20 | 2003-12-31 | Siemens Building Technologies Ag | Scattered-light smoke detector |
| EP1881319A1 (en) * | 2006-07-20 | 2008-01-23 | SICK Engineering GmbH | Device and method for measuring light dispersion |
| CN111540159A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-14 | 深圳市泛海三江电子股份有限公司 | Smoke alarm capable of directionally eliminating interference of condensation and use method |
| CN111540158A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-14 | 深圳市泛海三江电子股份有限公司 | Smoke alarm with condensation recognition function and use method |
| CN111564019A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-21 | 深圳市泛海三江电子股份有限公司 | Anti-condensation interference smoke fire detector and use method thereof |
| CN111540159B (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2023-07-25 | 深圳市高新投三江电子股份有限公司 | Smoke alarm capable of directionally eliminating condensation interference and use method |
| CN111540158B (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2023-08-15 | 深圳市高新投三江电子股份有限公司 | Smoke alarm with condensation identification function and use method |
| CN111564019B (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2023-09-12 | 深圳市高新投三江电子股份有限公司 | Smoke-sensitive fire detector capable of resisting exposure interference and use method |
| CN117054304A (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2023-11-14 | 浙江天赛计量检测股份有限公司 | Detection equipment of smoke and dust sampler |
| CN117054304B (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2024-05-24 | 浙江天赛计量检测股份有限公司 | Detection equipment of smoke and dust sampler |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0880118B1 (en) | 2003-08-13 |
| ATE247316T1 (en) | 2003-08-15 |
| EP0880118A3 (en) | 2000-01-05 |
| DE59809254D1 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
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