Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
  • G02C7/00—Optical parts
  • G02C7/16—Shades; shields; Obturators, e.g. with pinhole, with slot
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
  • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
  • A61F2/14—Eye parts, e.g. lenses or corneal implants; Artificial eyes
  • A61F2/16—Intraocular lenses
  • A61F2/1613—Intraocular lenses having special lens configurations, e.g. multipart lenses; having particular optical properties, e.g. pseudo-accommodative lenses, lenses having aberration corrections, diffractive lenses, lenses for variably absorbing electromagnetic radiation, lenses having variable focus
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
  • G02C7/00—Optical parts
  • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
  • G02C7/04—Contact lenses for the eyes
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
  • G02C7/00—Optical parts
  • G02C7/10—Filters, e.g. for facilitating adaptation of the eyes to the dark; Sunglasses
  • G02C7/105—Filters, e.g. for facilitating adaptation of the eyes to the dark; Sunglasses having inhomogeneously distributed colouring

Definitions

• the present invention relates to optical means for accelerating and amplifying ocular reactions and to eyewear incorporating such means.
• the glasses and contact lenses currently known have an invariable transparency with the configuration and the diameter of the ocular pupil.
• Certain means such as those presented in documents US-A-4,955,904, US-A-4,576,453 and FR-A-2 622 984, have the form of comedian lenses of which a central zone has reduced transparency. Due to the fact that this central zone is distant from the ocular pupil by approximately 5 millimeters, these means reduce the luminosity perceived by the eye only in a reduced solid angle and with a very strong angular variation.
• Sunglasses such as that presented in the Swiss patent bearing the number 428 257 (Tanner, Zumikon) have parallel and oblique strips placed in front of the eye. Their transparency is constant, regardless of the diameter of the pupil of the user's eyes.
• Anti-glare glasses such as those presented in document FR-A-1 196 569 make it possible, thanks to zone networks of low transparency placed on the two faces of spectacle glasses, to reduce the glare in the optical axis glasses without reducing lateral vision.
• the transparency of the lenses of these glasses does not vary as a function of the diameter of the pupil of the user's eyes.
• contact lens users must wear complementary glasses with reduced transparency. The benefit of using contact lenses which is precisely to avoid wearing glasses is then greatly reduced.
• REPLACEMENT STANDBY (RULE 26) Sunglasses do not allow a tan around the eyes, or sufficient ventilation to limit sweating.
• the eye pupil is a transparent opening of the iris, the diameter of which is controlled by a muscle controlled by the nervous system as a function of the brightness perceived by the retina.
• the pupil placed on the lens, behaves optically like a diaphragm and the illumination perceived by the retina is proportional to the surface of the pupil.
• the luminosity perceived by the retina tends to increase and the nervous system controls the reduction in the diameter of the pupil so that the perceived luminosity does not vary.
• the reaction speed of the pupil is low, and when the user is moving quickly, for example on a ski or in a car, and the brightness varies quickly, between the shadow of a tunnel, a row d tree or indoors and in the full sun, his visual perception is momentarily lost.
• the diameter of the pupil does not vary enough and, to react to all natural light levels, the user must put on and take off sunglasses.
• Photochromic lenses have very slow reactions, of the order of several tens of seconds, and electronic glasses comprising, for example, liquid crystals and a light sensor which controls their transparency are complex and expensive to produce.
• the present invention intends to remedy these drawbacks by presenting optical devices whose apparent transparency varies with the diameter of the ocular pupil, on the one hand, and by presenting glasses comprising a woven surface, on the other hand.
• the present invention aims, according to a first aspect, an optical device for controlling the brightness perceived through a pupil by an eye characterized in that it comprises an optical means which, in each of its points whose transparency is not zero, has an average transparency, for the light rays which reach the pupil, which varies according to first predetermined rules taking into account the diameter of the pupil. Thanks to these arrangements, when the ambient brightness varies, the diameter of the pupil varies and the apparent transparency of the optical means varies at each of its points.
• the optical device object of the present invention comprises two external faces and, on each of said external faces, areas of low transparency whose transparency coefficient is less than half.
• the optical device according to the invention is easy to produce since the external surfaces are easy to treat.
• the average apparent transparency is greater when these zones are superimposed, that is to say when the light rays pass through the two zones than when these zones are juxtaposed, it is that is, when the light rays do not pass through the two zones.
• the zones of low transparency of the two external faces assemble according to a first apparent assembly for the pupil.
• the zones of low transparency of the external faces assemble according to a second apparent assembly for the pupil. In this way, the apparent transparency varies with the diameter of the pupil by the geometric combination of the zones carried by the external faces.
• the optical device according to the invention comprises, in the convex volume which contains it, internal areas of low transparency.
• said internal zones form surfaces approximately oriented towards the iris of said eye. Thanks to these provisions, the internal zones seen approximately seen along their edge, for a lateral part of the pupil when the latter is dilated.
• said areas of low transparency are carried by planes whose distance from the center of the eye is approximately constant.
• the optical device has an isotropy of its optical components, and the displacement of the eye in its orbit, does not modify the angular distribution of the apparent transparencies observed in the predetermined solid angle, for a given pupil diameter.
• said distance is between half and twice the maximum radius of said pupil.
• the variation in apparent transparency, areas of low transparency carried by one of said so-called planes is important when this transparency is observed by traversing the pupil between its part closest to said plane and its part which is the most distant.
• zones of low transparency are mainly juxtaposed and jointly cover substantially a predetermined solid angle and in that, for light rays passing through a lateral zone of the pupil around said central zone, zones of low transparency are superimposed.
• the average apparent transparency is in the solid angle, for the pupil having the smallest diameter, of the order of the average transparency of the zones of low transparency.
• the optical device comprises a surface treatment, the transparency varies according to second predetermined rules taking into account the angle of incidence.
• the pupil of smaller diameter corresponding to an average angle of incidence on the optical means different from the average angle of incidence corresponding to pupil of larger diameter results in a variation of the apparent transparency of the optical means.
• optical surface treatments are well known and the variation of the transparency can be chosen.
• the optical device comprises a filter covering at least said predetermined solid angle, a filter whose transparency varies on the surface.
• the optical device combines the advantages of an angular variation of the apparent transparency and those briefly described above.
• the present invention relates to an optical device characterized in that it comprises a woven surface placed in front of the eye.
• the present invention also relates to eyewear, contact lenses with or without visual correction and with or without artificial iris, artificial lens or pairs of glasses with or without visual correction, said eyewear comprising an optical device according to the invention such that succinctly set out above.
• Figure 1 shows in schematic sectional view, an eye and an optical device according to the present invention.
• 2 shows a schematic sectional view of a pupil and a first embodiment of the optical device as presented in Figure 1 in low light.
• FIG. 3 represents a schematic sectional view of a pupil and of the first embodiment of the optical device as presented in FIG. 1 in medium illumination.
• FIG. 4 represents a schematic sectional view of a pupil and of the first embodiment of the optical device as presented in FIG. 1 in high illumination.
• FIG. 5 represents an axial section of an optical lens according to the invention.
• FIG. 6 represents in front view one of the faces of a lens according to a second embodiment of the optical device object of the present invention.
• FIG. 6bis represents in front view another of the faces of a lens according to the second embodiment of the optical device object of the present invention.
• FIG. 7 represents a projection parallel to an optical axis of the transparencies of the lens according to the invention as presented in FIGS. 6 and 6a.
• FIG. 8 represents in front view one of the faces of a lens according to a third embodiment of the optical device object of the present invention.
• FIG. 9 represents in front view another of the faces of a lens according to the third embodiment of the optical device object of the present invention.
• Figure 10 shows a sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the optical device object of the present invention.
• FIG. 11 represents a sectional view of a fifth embodiment of the optical device which is the subject of the present invention.
• Figure 12 shows a sectional view of a sixth embodiment of the optical device object of the present invention.
• Figure 13 shows in sectional view, an eye and a seventh embodiment of the optical device according to the present invention in low light.
• FIG. 14 represents the operation of the embodiment presented in FIG. 13 in medium illumination.
• Figure 15 shows the operation of the embodiment presented in Figure 13 in high light.
• FIG. 16 represents in section view an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 represent, on the same scale, the front and rear faces of a first variant of the embodiment presented in FIGS. 13 to 15.
• FIG. 19 and FIG. 20 represent, on the same scale, the front and rear faces of a second variant of the embodiment presented in FIGS. 13 to 15.
• FIG. 21 and FIG. 22 represent, on the same scale, the front and rear faces of a third variant of the embodiment presented in FIGS. 13 to 15.
• Figure 23 shows a partial front view of a woven optical device according to the second aspect of the present invention.
• FIG. 1 an eye 1 comprising a retina 2, a lens 3 and a pupil 4 moved by muscles 5, an iris 8 and having an optical axis 12, an optical lens 6 carried by a spectacle frame 7 and comprising a front face 9, a rear face 10 and having an optical axis 11.
• the eye 1 is that of the user.
• the eye 1 comprises a retina 2 on which an image of the user's environment is formed located in the optical field of the eye 1.
• the lens 3 is a converging lens which projects the image of this part of the environment onto the retina 2.
• the pupil 4 optically constitutes a diaphragm in front of the lens 3 and limits the circle of the lens on which the light rays pass through the lens.
• the retina 4 is moved by muscles 5 which increase or decrease its diameter, optically called opening, as a function of decreasing ambient light. In this way, automatically, the total amount of light reaching the retina 2 is constant over a fairly wide range of natural light.
• the diameter of the retina 2 reaches eight millimeters at night and drops to two millimeters in strong light.
• the ratio of the extreme surfaces corresponding to these diameters which is here equal to 16, is the factor of attenuation of the average luminosity perceived by the retina 2 that the pupil 4 makes it possible to achieve.
• optical lens 6 is presented with reference to Figures 2 to 12.
• Figure 2 shows a sectional view of the pupil and the first embodiment of the optical device as presented in Figure 1 in low light.
• the embodiment of the optical lens 6 is a lens made of transparent material, the external faces of which have, in places, areas of lower transparency than that of the lens. These locations are determined according to geometric shapes, lines or any shapes produced according to known techniques, for example by doping, by assembling the several layers, by mixing in a material or by screen printing. The areas of low transparency are combined, between one face and the other, to give the effect described below, each area possibly having a slow variation in transparencies, in gradual gradation.
• the illumination being very low, the pupil 4 of the user is very open, that is to say that its diameter is very large, of the order of 8 millimeters.
• the cone of vision is practically a cylinder whose base is pupil 4 and the axis is the optical axis 12 of the eye.
• the apparent transparency of the glasses for the user is high, for example by 40 percent.
• a proportion approximately equal to 40 percent of the light rays parallel to the optical axis 12 and incorporated in the cylinder, represented by two thin lines to the left of the optical means are not filtered by any zone of low transparency, whatsoever, on the front face 9 or on the rear face 10 of this optical lens, and are therefore not attenuated.
• the light rays perceived in the direction of the gaze are, for the upper part of the figure, represented by the extreme rays which surround them, in a lateral cylinder 61 whose base has a large surface and in a central cylinder 62 whose base has a more limited area.
• Figure 3 shows a sectional view similar to Figure 2 for average illumination.
• the pupil 4 of the user is only half open, that is to say that its diameter is medium, of the order of 4 millimeters.
• the cone of vision is practically a cylinder whose base is pupil 4 and the axis is the optical axis 12 of the eye, this cylinder is, in FIG. 3 represented by two fine straight lines parallel to the optical axis 12 and passing through the lateral rays of the pupil.
• the apparent transparency of the glasses is, for the user, for example of the order of 20 percent. Indeed, as can be seen by observing FIG. 3, such a proportion of the light rays parallel to the optical axis and incorporated in the cylinder 62, do not reach a zone of low transparency and are therefore not attenuated.
• Figure 4 shows a sectional view similar to Figure 2 for high illumination.
• the illumination being strong the pupil 4 of the user is closed, that is to say that its diameter is average, of the order of 2 millimeters.
• the cone of vision is practically a cylinder, represented as in FIGS. 2 and 3, the base of which is pupil 4 and the axis is the optical axis 12 of the eye.
• the apparent transparency of the glasses is, for the user, for example of the order of 10 percent, since such a proportion of the light rays parallel to the optical axis and incorporated in the cylinder do not reach an area of low transparency and are therefore not attenuated.
• FIG. 4 also shows a solid angle 51 in which the apparent transparencies vary according to first predetermined rules exposed in the description, rules taking into account the diameter of the pupil 4.
• FIG. 5 represents a section of an optical lens 6 passing through its optical axis.
• the particular shape, the variations in the transparency of the rear face of the optical lens 6 are not characteristic of the invention, all geometric patterns, any image, any text, any signature that can be represented on this rear face. .
• the front face of the optical lens 6 then follows, by negative homothety, the variations in the transparency of the rear face of the optical lens 6. It is understood that according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, all the directions of the eye correspond to the same optical effect.
• FIG. 5 are also shown lateral segments of an optical filter 58 covering at least said predetermined solid angle, a filter whose transparency varies on the surface and whose transparency decreases for the zones surrounding the predetermined solid angle presented in FIG. 4.
• FIG. 6 represents in front view one of the faces of a lens according to a second embodiment of the optical device object of the present invention.
• the optical axis 11 areas of low square transparency 32 and square areas of high transparency 13.
• FIG. 6 bis represents in front view another of the faces of a lens according to the second embodiment of the optical device which is the subject of the present invention.
• FIG. 6a are shown the optical axis 11, areas of low square transparency 14 and square areas of high transparency 15.
• the two faces presented in FIGS. 6 and 6a have dark zones, called "of low transparency” and light zones in the shape of a rectangle, here and preferably of square. Relative to the center of the eye, these patterns are negative from each other and homothetic. That is to say that in all directions passing through the center of the eye and through the optical lens 6, one and only one of the faces of the lens 6 is darkened.
• the pitch of the network formed on the face closest to the eye is preferably equal to the ratio of the thickness of the lens to the distance from the lens to the center of the eye multiplied by the maximum radius of the pupil, for example 4 millimeters.
• FIG. 7 represents a projection parallel to an optical axis of the transparencies of the lens according to the invention as presented in FIGS. 6 and 6a.
• each zone in FIG. 7 is proportional to the average absorbance coefficient in the range of visible wavelengths.
• the average transparency coefficient, parallel to said optical axis of the central part, represented by a circle of small diameter is significantly different from the average transparency coefficient parallel to said axis of the lateral part, represented by the interval between the small circle and a large circle, for the wavelengths located in the visible range.
• FIG. 8 represents in front view one of the faces of a lens according to a third embodiment of the optical device object of the present invention.
• FIG. 8 In FIG. 8 are shown the optical axis 11, triangular areas of low transparency 16 and triangular areas of high transparency 17.
• FIG. 9 represents in front view another of the faces of a lens according to the third embodiment of the optical device object of the present invention.
• FIG. 9 the optical axis 11, triangular areas of low transparency 18 and triangular areas of high transparency 19.
• the two faces presented in FIGS. 8 and 9 comprise dark zones and light zones in the form of triangles and preferably of equilateral triangles. Relative to the center of the eye, these patterns are negative from each other and homothetic. That is to say that in all directions passing through the center of the eye and through the optical lens 6, one and only one of the faces of the lens 6 is darkened.
• the pitch of the network formed on the face closest to the eye is preferably equal to the ratio of the thickness of the lens to the distance from the lens to the center of the eye multiplied by the maximum radius of the pupil, for example 4 millimeters.
• each equilateral triangle having a side of 0, 2 millimeter.
• each triangle of the network formed on the face furthest from the eye has a side of 0.21 millimeter. It is understood as well with regard to Figures 6, 6a and 7 as with regard to Figures 8 and 9, that the optical effect presented in Figures 2, 3 and 4, is achieved.
• Another preferred example consists of straight horizontal or vertical parallel lines produced on each of the faces in a homothetic manner and negative of one another.
• the discs positioned in staggered rows also give a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
• Figure 10 shows a sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the optical device object of the present invention.
• This complex reinforcement orients the successive wires progressively downwards: the wire of each step of the network closest to the eye is slightly higher than the following wire which itself is slightly higher than the third which overhangs its turn the fourth slightly, without the fourth being more than one step lower than the first.
• the fabric is slightly curved, are center of curvature located on the side of the optical lens 6 which is towards the eye.
• Each series of four horizontal parallel wires is carried by a plane whose distance from the optical center of the eye is: - either substantially a constant, and preferably, a constant having a value between half and twice the maximum radius of the pupil ocular;
• the apparent transparency of the optical lens 6 is decreasing from bottom to top and, in each direction of vision, this apparent transparency decreases with the diameter of the pupil.
• the wires 20 have oblique oriented surfaces with an angle greater than or equal to 45 degrees, relative to the optical axis of the optical device. In this way, the possible reflections visible on these faces only reflect the brightness coming from the side of the user which is generally weaker than that which comes from the other side of the optical device.
• FIG. 11 represents a sectional view of a fifth embodiment of the optical device which is the subject of the present invention.
• Figure 11 a plate of material having a low transparency, if not zero, pierced by elongated orifices 24.
• these orifices can be oblique cylinders oriented downwards starting from the face rear of the optical lenses and the slope of which depends on the diameter so that at least one light ray passing through the center of the eye 60 passes through each orifice.
• the apparent transparency of the optical lens 6 is decreasing from bottom to top and, in each direction of vision, this apparent transparency decreases with the diameter of the pupil.
• the lens 6 is characterized in that it comprises a structure of material of low transparency and spaces without solid material.
• the spaces without solid material are mainly oriented forward downward, that is to say that the directions forward downward correspond on average to a higher average transparency of the lens than the directions which are forward up.
• FIG. 11 also represents a variant comprising flat strips which are carried by planes whose distance 67 to the center of the eye 60, is constant or progressive, as explained above with reference to FIG. 10, these lamellae being, in section, represented by the oblique lines of FIG. 11.
• FIG. 11 also represents an alternative embodiment of the invention according to which the zones of low transparency are elongated particles or molecules, for example in the form of a grain of rice, oriented by a force field. Indeed, these particles have identical sections to the above-mentioned lamellae and to the walls shown in FIG. 11 by solid lines.
• the force field which directs the particles can, for example, be an electric field used during the manufacture of the optical device.
• a constant force field such as, for example, the field of inking forces of liquid crystal molecules containing elongated doping molecules which absorb light, inking carried out substantially perpendicular to the external surfaces of the lens.
• the constant field can, moreover, be an electric field, possibly controlled as a function of the signal representative of luminosity leaving a sensor adapted to capture the ambient luminosity, according to known techniques, said electric field orienting, for example a liquid crystal. dichroic.
• Figure 12 shows a sectional view of a sixth embodiment of the optical device object of the present invention.
• the elements presented in Figure 2 however the networks carried by the optical lens 6 are homothetic with respect to the center of the eye, but without being negative of each other.
• the gratings carried by the two faces of the optical lens 6 can be formed of squares as presented in FIG. 6, 6 bis and 7, of discs, of straight lines, of triangles as presented in FIG. 7 and 8, or other regular geometric patterns or not.
• the optical effect is opposite to that which has been described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4.
• the apparent transparency increases when the diameter of the pupil decreases.
• the proportion of light rays, perceived, represented by the cylinder 65 is very high, and when the pupil has a large diameter, the proportion of light rays reduces, the area bases of the cylinders surrounding the perceived light rays being only a very small part of the surface of the pupil 4.
• This sixth embodiment is intended, for example, for athletes who, by concentrating, need to have a reduced field of vision, as in the field of target launching.
• the eye 1 comprising the retina 2, the lens 3 and the pupil 4.
• the pupil 4 comprises a central part 37 and a lateral part 38.
• the iris 38 is moved by the muscles 5
• the lens optic 36 comprises the front face 9, the rear face 10 and has an optical axis 11.
• Eye 1 is that of the user. In the case presented here, this user suffers from myopia and his sight requires correction with a converging optical lens.
• the optical lens 36 is a contact lens or contact lens, also called contact lens.
• the lens 36 can be flexible or porous or even rigid.
• the invention relates only to its optical characteristics and in particular to the local variation of its transparency, on one side, on two sides or in its thickness.
• the optical lens 36 is of the converging type.
• the optical axis 11 of the optical lens 36 is approximately coincident with that of the eye 1 and makes it possible to correct myopia.
• the optical lens 36 has a front face 9 which does not touch the eye and whose radius of curvature is smaller than that of its rear face 10.
• the rear face 10 touches the eye in front of the lens 3, on the cornea whose radius of curvature is substantially equal to that of the rear face 10.
• the pupil has a central part 37 which is in the center of the plane of the iris around its optical axis 11 and a lateral part 38 which surrounds the central part 37 and which extends to the circle of maximum dimension of the pupil .
• the average transparency coefficient of the optical lens 36 for the light rays passing through the central part 37 of the pupil 4 is significantly lower than the average transparency coefficient for the light rays passing through the lateral part 38 of the pupil 4, for the lengths of waves located in the visible range.
• the production on the faces 9 and 10 of the lens 36 of zones having a lower transparency can be inspired by different techniques known to those skilled in the art, in particular for the production of artificial irises intended to change the apparent color of the eyes. of the user.
• FIGS. 13 to 16 Several embodiments of the lens 36 are presented in FIGS. 13 to 16 with variants of the seventh embodiment presented in FIGS. 17 to 22.
• the front 9 and rear 10 faces of the lens 36 have areas of weak transparencies and areas of high transparency.
• the zones of low transparency of the two faces of the lens 36 are substantially superimposed.
• the zones of weak transparency of the two faces are substantially juxtaposed, that is to say that each zone of weak transparency of a face is substantially superimposed on a zone of strong transparency on the other side.
• the two faces are therefore both - substantially identical for at least one crown; and - in negative homothety, with respect to the apparent center of the pupil, the considered homothety making correspond zones of low transparency with zones of high transparency.
• the front face 9 of the lens 36 carries an optical treatment 52, comprising at least two surfaces forming interfaces between materials whose refractive indices are different.
• This optical treatment has a lower transparency for the optical rays whose angle of incidence is zero, that is to say for the optical rays perpendicular to the surface of the lens 36, than for the optical rays arriving so oblique on this surface.
• the at least two surfaces which form the optical treatment cooperate optically for this purpose, according to the present invention.
• the light rays which converge towards the apparent center of the pupil must penetrate into the optical lens 36 approximately perpendicular to the front surface 9.
• the light rays which converge towards the lateral zones of the pupil of larger diameter cross the face front of the lens 36 with an oblique incidence corresponding to a high transparency.
• the transparency of the optical treatment being low for these rays, the apparent transparency for the pupil of minimum diameter is lower than the apparent transparency for the pupil of maximum diameter.
• optical processing is known, for example in multilayer treatments. It should be noted that, in FIG. 13, the optical processing realizes the function of the invention cumulatively to the areas of low transparency presented below which are carried by other surfaces which cooperate optically. For the purpose of simplification, the optical processing presented above is not repeated with reference to the following figures.
• Figure 14 shows a sectional view of the same elements as in Figure 13, the diameter of the pupil being however much smaller.
• the areas of lower transparency are numbered 53.
• the transparency coefficient of the areas of lower transparency is preferably less than twelve percent.
• These zones 53 are presented from the front, with examples of particular geometric shapes, with reference to FIGS. 17 to 22 and more particularly in FIGS. 21 and 22. It can be seen in FIG. 14 that almost all the rays reaching the pupil 4 from 'a solid angle placed in front of the eye preliminary crosses a zone of low transparency 53 whereas in FIG. 13, and for the same solid angle, part of the rays reaching pupil 4 does not cross any zone of low transparency 53. Transparency apparent of the lens 36 is thus weaker for the pupil of average diameter represented in FIG. 14 than for the pupil of large diameter represented in FIG. 13.
• FIG. 15 represents in section view the same elements as in FIG. 13, ie the diameter of the pupil being however much smaller than in FIGS. 13 and 14.
• all the light rays coming from the solid angle considered and reaching the pupil of small diameter meet at least one of the zones of low transparency of one of the two faces of the lens 36.
• the areas of low transparency 54 which are on the rear face 10 of the lens 36 are, for example, coaxial rings of axis 11.
• the areas of low transparency 55 which are on the front face 9 of the lens 36 are , for example, a central disc and coaxial rings of axis 11.
• the characteristic radii of these crowns are substantially equal two by two and the thicknesses of the crowns decrease with their radius. In this way, for the rays parallel to the optical axis 11, the transparency of the lens 36 is very increasing with the ray. For the rays converging towards the apparent center of the pupil 4, the transparency is significantly lower in each zone than for the rays parallel to the axis 11.
• the zones of low transparency 54 and 55 overlap substantially entirely and their transparency multiplies while for the rays converging at the apparent center of pupil 4, the zones of low transparency 54 and 55 do not overlap and their transparency is multiplied by that of the intermediate zones to areas of low transparency.
• dark areas 54 and 55 are combined and can take other geometric, graphic or photographic shapes and in particular circular shapes, polygonal shapes, and in particular in triangles or squares, any graphic shapes, degraded forms or forms of screened photographs or printing.
• FIG. 15 also shows a solid angle 50 in which the apparent transparencies vary according to first predetermined rules exposed in the description, rules taking into account the diameter of the pupil 4.
• FIG. 16 represents in cross-section another embodiment of the present invention.
• the elements of FIG. 13 are found in FIG. 16 but with areas of low transparency 56 which are internal to the lens 36, between the front and rear faces of the lens 36.
• the areas of low transparency 56 which are in the thickness of the lens 36, form a set of trunk of coaxial cones whose apex is outside and towards the front of the eye and whose angle is decreasing as a function of the radius of the intersection of each cone with the lens 36.
• the areas of low transparency have cylinder shapes whose axis is the optical axis of the lens. The spacing of the cylinders between them and their transparency are easily chosen as a function of the transparency which it is desired to obtain for each direction in the determined solid angle.
• FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 represent, on the same scale, the front and rear faces of a first variant of the embodiment presented in FIGS. 13 to 15.
• the optical axis 11 the areas of low transparency 55, which are located on the front face 9 of the lens 36 and the areas of low transparency 54 which are located on the rear face 10 of the lens 36.
• the areas of low transparency 54 and 55 are squares which form a checkerboard and touch by their corners, two by two, and are interspersed with transparent squares.
• the areas of low transparency 55 are larger than the areas of low transparency 54 in the proportion of the respective optical distance of the front 9 and rear 10 faces to the center of the pupil 4.
• FIG. 19 and FIG. 20 represent, on the same scale, the front and rear faces of a second variant of the embodiment presented in FIGS. 13 to 15.
• the optical axis 11 the zones of low transparency 55, which are located on the front face 9 of the lens 36 and the zones of low transparency 54 which are located on the rear face 10 of the lens 36.
• the areas of low transparency 54 and 55 are equilateral triangles which touch their corners, two by two, and are interspersed with transparent equilateral triangles.
• the areas of low transparency 55 are greater than the zones of low transparency 54 in the proportion of the respective optical distance of the front 9 and rear 10 faces at the center of the pupil 4.
• the areas of low transparency 54 and 55 may have polygonal shapes.
• FIG. 21 and FIG. 22 represent, approximately on the same scale, the front and rear faces of a third variant of the embodiment presented in FIGS. 13 to 15.
• the zones of low transparency 54 are coaxial crowns of axis 11 and the zones of low transparency 55 are crowns identical to crowns 54 plus a central disc, these crowns and this disc being coaxial of axis 11.
• the characteristic radii of these crowns are substantially equal two by two, between the zones of low transparency 54 and the zones of low transparency 55 and the thicknesses of the crowns decrease with their radius.
• the average transparency of the lens 36 is very increasing with the distance of this ray from the optical axis 11.
• the areas of low transparency 54 and 55 overlap substantially entirely and their transparency multiplies while for the rays converging towards the apparent center of pupil 4, the areas of low transparency 54 and 55 do not overlap and their transparency is multiplied by that from the intermediate zones to the zones of low transparency.
• each lower characteristic radius of a crown 42 placed on the front face 9 of the lens 36 is equal to a lower characteristic radius of a crown 41 placed on the rear face 10 of the lens 36, of a part and product of an upper characteristic radius of a crown 41 by the ratio of the distances of said characteristic rays to the center of the pupil 4, for equal optical indices between the cornea of the eye and the lens 36, somewhere else. It is clear that for different optical indices between the cornea and the lens 36, the optical calculations must be carried out with a view to a similar appearance for the eye of the user.
• the variations in the transparencies of the front 9 and rear 10 faces of the lens 36 are substantially homothetic with respect to the apparent center of the pupil 4, these transparency values being such that their product is substantially constant for the converging rays at the center of pupil 4 and coming from a cone of the field of vision whose axis is that of the eye and whose angle is about 90 degrees. These 90 degrees represent the visual field usually covered by sunglasses.
• the minimum transparency zone which touches the optical axis 12 is located on the rear face 10 of the optical lens 36 so that for a third party observing a user of these lenses this zone is visually superimposed on the pupil.
• Figure 23 shows a partial front view of a woven optical device according to the second aspect of the present invention.
• vertical wires 64 of a fabric are observed and horizontal wires 63 of the same fabric, with different spacings between on the one hand the vertical wires, and on the other hand the horizontal wires.
• the shape of the weaving is very simple, but other reinforcements can be used in accordance with the invention.
• the wires have an anti-reflective optical treatment on the surface which at least partially eliminates reflections from bright light sources.
• This treatment consists, for example, of several layers of materials with different optical indices, according to known techniques.
• the fabric considered is known by the name of "jeans".
• the spaces separating the wires can be filled with at least partially transparent material to limit reflections on the surface of the wires.
• the threads of the fabric can, of course, be oblique as well as vertical or horizontal.
• the wires may, according to a variant, have no surface allowing the reflection of a ray coming from one side of the optical device, towards the other side of this device.
• the layers of fabrics are superimposed in such a way that their transparent zones are juxtaposed as described above with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5, or are superimposed, as described with reference to FIG. 12.
• the areas of low transparency have a transparency coefficient of less than a half.
• the present invention is suitable for both corrective and non-corrective or afocal lenses.
• the lenses according to the present invention are opaque to ultraviolet rays, at least in the same proportion as their opacity in the visible range and preferably completely opaque.
• the invention also applies to the production of ophthalmology articles, such as, for example, artificial lenses or artificial corneas.
• the lateral parts of the solid angle in which the optical effect according to the invention is most marked comprise a filtering means whose transparency decreases laterally away from the optical axis of the device optical.
• the optical effect works, in a given direction, in positive, that is to say by reducing the apparent transparency of the optical device when the diameter of the pupil reduces , or negative, that is to say by increasing the apparent transparency of the optical device when the diameter of the pupil reduces.
• the pupil is enlarged to the whole of the visible surface of the eye, in such a way that this surface is more protected from harmful light rays, for example ultraviolet rays. , that the skin surrounds this visible surface.

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• 1996
  • 1996-03-01 WO PCT/FR1996/000322 patent/WO1996027816A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1996-03-01 EP EP96905893A patent/EP0871919A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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