EP0853228B1 - Projectile and manufacturing method therefor - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a projectile according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for its production.

Such long-known bullets, for example steel jacket bullets, have a steel jacket and a bullet core or bullet body made of hard lead or, in the case of so-called top floors, a floor core or floor body from steel. Other bullets, such as those used for anti-tank defense Hard core bullets consist of a very hard, heavy, armor-piercing bullet core or armored core and a jacket made of soft steel. They are also bullets known, the jacket is at least partially made of a suitable plastic.

For some of these storeys, where the projectile body generally covers the entire Fills the jacket, are variations of the core or the body of the projectile in shape and Size hardly possible with one and the same caliber or jacket. Other floors, at which it would be possible to equip the same coats with different storeys and thus obtaining different types of projectiles are proportionate in their manufacture consuming.

FR-1 242 187, for example, describes a projectile with a projectile body, a casing made of a projectile tip and a projectile casing fastened to the outside of the projectile tip, and a sealing body which closes the casing at the rear and encompasses the projectile body in its rear region. The diameter of the projectile body is approximately zeppelin-shaped, which means that it increases from front to back and then decreases again. It is therefore not possible to first manufacture the jacket and then to equip it with the projectile core, which would be desirable in order to produce the same casings in large series and then to produce different projectiles from them by equipping them with different projectile bodies. In particular, it is not possible to produce the tip of the projectile by injection.

A bullet is known from FR-812 377 , in which it would be possible, depending on the intended use, to equip the same jackets with different bullet cores. This projectile has a projectile body centered at the front by a ring and a casing which surrounds it and which is closed at the rear by a metallic sealing body which surrounds the projectile body in its rear region; above all, the sealing body should also form an additional mass, that is to say be relatively heavy, and must therefore be made of metal. The jacket encompasses the projectile tip and the projectile envelope formed integrally with the projectile tip and is also made of metal. The main disadvantage of this projectile is that it is relatively complex to produce, in particular since the casing and sealing body are both made of metal, so that it is not possible to produce one or both of the parts by injection molding.

Another projectile with a casing and a projectile body is then known from US Pat . No. 3,795,196 . The jacket consists of the front of the bullet tip, while the rear area of the jacket is formed by the sealing body, which also serves to seal the jacket at the rear; this sealing body is made of metal. This floor has no floor shell. Two centering rings are provided to center the projectile core. Theoretically, the shape would allow the same shells to be fitted with different storeys. The projectile bodies would then have to be inserted into the jacket from the front. Injection molding of the bullet tip and thus cost-effective production would not be possible due to the construction with the centering rings.

Finally, a projectile is known from FR-2 238 137 , the projectile core of which is conical in its front half and cylindrical in its rear half. This core is surrounded by a jacket. The shape would basically allow the same shells to be fitted with different projectile bodies from the rear and thus to produce different projectiles. The shell of this projectile is formed by a projectile tip made of sprayable material, more precisely plastic, which is molded onto a metallic projectile shell. The rear opening of the casing is closed by a closure or sealing body which projects into the casing and partially surrounds the projectile core. The outer surface of the jacket is formed in the front part of the projectile by the projectile tip and in the rear part of the projectile by the metallic sealing body; in this respect, the projectile is of the same design as that of US Pat. No. 3,795,196, but in contrast to the projectile of US Pat . No. 3,795,196 mentioned , it has a projectile casing . The projectile casing, which rests on the projectile body in the central region, does not lie on the outer surface of the casing, but merely serves to form an indirect screw connection between the projectile tip and the sealing body. A collar which is formed on the part of the sealing body which projects into the jacket serves as the centering arrangement for the projectile body. The main disadvantage of this bullet is that it is expensive to manufacture, for the following reason: the sealing body forms the rear part of the outer surface of the shell; a guide ring will therefore have to be attached to the sealing body, so that it is imperative to manufacture the sealing body from metal. The consequence of this is that the centering arrangement, which must have precise dimensions, must also be made of metal, which is associated with a relatively large outlay.

GB-A-573 914 discloses a projectile in which a projectile body is used in a housing. The front end of the case is hollow ballistic cap includes and rests on a shoulder of the cap. The back, out the end protruding from the housing is fitted into a base of an end piece. The cap and the end piece are made of a high-tensile steel using a sleeve held together. The sleeve has inward flanges at the ends, which engage in circumferential grooves of the cap or the end piece. So the flanges can intervene, the housing must be deformed during assembly. Between the A pillow is provided at the top of the projectile body and the housing is designed that it is deformed during assembly and thus a through Manufacturing tolerances created game can be canceled. This floor is relatively complex and requires one to assemble not inconsiderable expenditure of time, which can make the production costs considerably more expensive.

An armor-piercing projectile is known from CH-A-666 546, in which a Projectile body in the form of a hard core is used in a light metal sleeve. The Light metal sleeve is oval at the front and a hollow body at the back screwed. There are ring-shaped recesses in the oval, front part of the sleeve provided which form annular projections which form the front part of the hard core include. The middle and rear part of the hard core are in holes in the sleeve or the hollow body guided and held. Because the holes are exactly aligned need and the manufacturing process through the annular recesses is complicated, this floor has relatively high manufacturing costs.

In summary, it must be stated that none of the known storeys requirements mentioned above regarding the use of different projectile bodies on the one hand and simple manufacture on the other hand.

The invention is therefore based on the object, based on a prior art according to GB-A-573914 , to propose a projectile of the type mentioned at the outset and a method for its production, in which the casing with projectile bodies of different types, in accordance with the respective intended use, can be equipped, and which can be produced in a simple and therefore inexpensive manner.

This object is solved by the features of the characterizing parts of claims 1 and 10 , respectively.

On the new floor, the floor body is designed so that its diameter is from front to back constant or increasing, but in any case not decreasing, so that the projectile core can be inserted into the prefabricated casing from behind. The Sheath consists of a generally metallic shell and a bullet tip made of a sprayable, hardened material, preferably plastic, which is injected onto the shell. There is a recess inside the top of the projectile for the projectile core and a centering arrangement for guiding and fixing of the projectile body is provided. The centering arrangement is therefore on the new floor provided on an injection molded component, just at the top of the projectile that the high cost of manufacturing the centering assembly on a metallic component be avoided. The outer surface of the jacket, that in the front part of the storey is formed by the bullet tip, in the rear part of the bullet from the metallic Projectile shell formed, which they as a solid mounting base for attaching the guide ring can be used. The rear, bordered by the shell The opening of the jacket is closed by means of a sealing body that extends into the interior extends of the jacket and thereby partially surrounds the projectile core.

Since the guide ring does not have to be attached to the sealing body, it is preferred not only the bullet tip but also the sealing body made of plastic and generally molded after fitting the jacket, so that manufacturing and Assembly can be carried out in one operation. With a molded sealing body you get a particularly inexpensive projectile, because this means the projectile body is completely fixed in the axial direction without, for example, a high-precision mechanical production is to be carried out or also in cases where the storey core is manufactured with a relatively large tolerance.

The first step in the manufacture of the projectile is the projectile tip the projectile shell is injected and in a second step the projectile body from behind pushed into the centering arrangement up to a stop. In a third step the seal body attached. This is preferably done by introducing sprayable Material is made inside the shell or shell, after which the projectile body on the front of the stop, on the side of its peripheral surface and on the back of its End surface completely from the spray material of the bullet tip and the sealing body is surrounded.

The advantages achieved with the invention can be seen in the fact that single or multi-part projectile bodies of various types and sizes can be used in the same casing, the proposed manufacturing method also being simple and time-saving since, in contrast to the projectile of FR-2 238 137, not only the projectile tip is made in and of itself, but also the centering arrangement is made of sprayable material, so that low manufacturing costs can be achieved. If the sealing body is also made of sprayable material, which is easily possible and even recommended, the manufacturing costs are further reduced.

Fig. 1

einen Längsschnitt, entlang der Linie I-I in Fig. 2, durch das erfindungssgemässe Geschoss in einer ersten Ausführungsform,

Fig. 2

zwei Halbquerschnitte a, b entlang den Linien II-II und II'-II' in Fig. 1 durch das Geschoss,

Fig. 3

einen Längsschnitt, entlang der Linie III-III in Fig. 4, durch das Geschoss, nach einem ersten Verfahrensschritt,

Fig. 4

zwei Halbquerschnitte, a, b entlang den Linien IV-IV und IV'-IV' in Fig. 3, durch das Geschoss,

Fig. 5

einen Längsschnitt, entlang der Linie V-V in Fig. 6, durch das Geschoss in einer zweiten Ausführungsform,

Fig. 6

zwei Halbquerschnitte a, b, entlang den Linien VI-VI und VI'-VI' in Fig. 5, durch das Geschoss,

Fig. 7

einen Längsschnitt, entlang der Linie V-V in Fig. 6, durch das Geschoss in einer Variante zur zweiten Ausführungsform, und

Fig. 8

einen Längsschnitt, entlang der Linie V-V in Fig. 6, durch das Geschoss in einer weiteren Variante zur zweiten Ausführungsform.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of two exemplary embodiments in connection with the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1

3 shows a longitudinal section along line II in FIG. 2 through the projectile according to the invention in a first embodiment,

Fig. 2

two half cross sections a, b along lines II-II and II'-II 'in Fig. 1 through the floor,

Fig. 3

3 shows a longitudinal section along the line III-III in FIG. 4 through the projectile after a first method step,

Fig. 4

two half cross sections, a, b along the lines IV-IV and IV'-IV 'in Fig. 3 , through the floor,

Fig. 5

6 shows a longitudinal section along the line VV in FIG. 6 through the projectile in a second embodiment,

Fig. 6

two half cross sections a, b, along the lines VI-VI and VI'-VI 'in Fig. 5, through the floor,

Fig. 7

a longitudinal section, along the line VV in Fig. 6 , through the floor in a variant of the second embodiment, and

Fig. 8

a longitudinal section, along the line VV in Fig. 6 , through the floor in a further variant of the second embodiment.

1 to 4 show a projectile with a casing 1 , which is formed from a projectile casing 2 and a projectile tip 3 firmly connected to this. The projectile tip 3 , which consists of an injection-molded material, preferably a high-temperature, fiber-reinforced thermoplastic, is injected onto the projectile casing 2 in a first step of a manufacturing process, wherein it is arranged in front projectile casing grooves 4 , which are arranged inside the projectile casing 2 are, penetrates and is anchored in this way. The projectile tip 3 has a cylindrical recess 5, which is coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the projectile, for receiving and centering a projectile body 6 . In the recess 5 there are four grooves 7 offset by 90 °, the bottom surface 8 of which is curved in a partially circular manner concentrically with the bore 5 . On the rear of the projectile tip 3 , four webs 9 are arranged on the edge of the recess 5 , which are offset by 90 ° against the grooves 7 and which are at a distance from one another which is the same size as the width of the grooves 7 . The webs 9 are arcuate in cross section and have a thickness which corresponds to the depth of the grooves 7 . The recess 5 continues in the direction of the projectile tip in a cylindrical recess extension 10 which also runs coaxially to the longitudinal axis of the projectile and has a smaller diameter than the recess 5 and together with the recess 5 a shoulder which is intended to provide an axial stop 11 for to form the floor core.

The projectile body 6 , which is also sometimes referred to as a projectile core or penetrator, has, according to the first exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 4, a cylindrical shape with rounded projectile body edges 12, 13 at the ends. The projectile body 6 has practically the same diameter as the recess 5 and is provided on its exterior with circumferential projectile body grooves 14 . In a second step of the manufacturing process, the projectile body 6 is pushed through the projectile casing 2 , which is still open on the rear side, which is shown in FIG. 3 , along the webs 9 into the recess 5 up to the stop 11 on the shoulder provided for this purpose and in this position kept centered.

A sealing body 15, which consists of the same sprayable material as the projectile tip 3 , that is to say preferably of thermoplastic material, is formed in a third step of the manufacturing process by injecting the sprayable material into the projectile shell 2, which is still open on the rear. Here, the sprayable material also penetrates into the grooves 7 and between the webs 9 of the projectile tip 3 , as well as into the projectile body grooves 14 on the projectile body 6. The projectile body 6 is then completely at the front on the shoulder forming the stop 11 , laterally and behind completely from the projectable material or sprayed material and firmly anchored in the jacket 1 . The sprayable material also penetrates into further middle projectile casing grooves 16 provided on the inside of the projectile casing 2 and into rear projectile casing grooves 17, as a result of which the sealing body 15 is firmly anchored in the projectile casing 2 , as is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can be seen.

In the rear area of the projectile shell 2 , as is known per se, a sleeve circumferential groove 18 for fastening a cartridge case, not shown, and an annular circumferential groove 19 are provided, a guide ring 20 for guiding the projectile in a weapon barrel in the circumferential ring groove is appropriate.

5 , the projectile body of the second embodiment consists of several partial projectile bodies 21 to 25 . As shown as an example, the partial storey bodies 21 to 25 can consist of cylinder-like pills lined up in the longitudinal direction of the storey, which, as described above with reference to FIG. 1, are inserted in the second manufacturing step into the centering formed by the recess 5 and the webs 9 and in the formation of the In the third step of the manufacturing process, the sealing body 15 is surrounded by the sprayable material and firmly anchored. Partial storey bodies of different shapes and numbers can, however, also be used. The type or the material of the partial storey body can also be different in general or within one storey. For example, frangible heavy metal can be used for the sub-storey elements 21 and 24, ductile heavy metal for the sub-storey elements 22 and 25 and a fire set for the sub-storey element 23 .

5 , a guide ring 31 is embedded in a circumferential groove 32 of a projectile casing 30 . In the third step of the manufacturing process, the guide ring 31 is formed integrally with the sealing body 33 by injecting the high-temperature, fiber-reinforced thermoplastic material into the projectile casing 30, which is still open at the rear. A plurality of radially extending openings 34 are provided in the circumferential groove 32 for the exit of the sprayable material from the projectile shell 30 . With a guide ring 31 produced and fastened in this way, the manufacturing costs of the projectile can be reduced and the wear in the weapon barrel that occurs when it is fired can be reduced.

FIG. 6 shows two half cross sections a, b along the lines VI-VI and VI'-VI 'in FIG. 5 through the projectile.

FIG. 7 shows a variant of the shape of the partial storey elements 21 to 25 shown in FIG. 5 . For even more precise centering, the individual partial storey elements 21 to 25 have peg-like extensions 27 on the end faces and corresponding recesses 26 into the end faces, into which the peg-like extensions project. These extensions 27 and also the corresponding recesses 26 can be easily manufactured and allow problem-free assembly with perfect mutual centering. This centering is all the more necessary the better these floors have to be balanced.

Fig. 8 shows a further variant, showing the shape of provided in Fig. Part projectile body shown in Figure 5 21 to 25. Here, on the end faces of the pellet-shaped part of the projectile body 21 to 25 peg-like projections 27A which provided for on the end faces of the following pills grooves 26A engage.

Claims (11)

1. Projectile with a jacket (1) and a core (6) arranged inside jacket (1), the diameter of which core is constant or increases from front to rear, the jacket (1) comprising a shell (2) and a nose (3) injection-moulded on to shell (2), which nose has an internal centring arrangement (5,9) in which the core (6) is retained, the rear face of shell (2) being closed by a sealing body (15) extending into the interior of shell (2) and at least partially surrounding the core, characterised in that centring arrangement (5,9) has a recess (5) coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the projectile, in which recess (5) grooves (7) are provided, and in that ridges (9) are arranged at the edge of recess (5) on the reverse face of nose (3), and sealing body (15) extends into recess (5) of nose (3), said sealing body (15) engaging in grooves (7) and surrounding ridges (9) and the core over approximately its entire length.
2. Projectile according to Claim 1, characterised in that core (6) has a cylindrical form and is provided with circumferential ribs (14).
3. Projectile according to Claim 1, characterised in that the core is formed by a plurality of part-cores (21-25).
4. Projectile according to Claim 3, characterised in that part-cores (21-25) are cylindrical pellets aligned together.
5. Projectile according to at least one of Claims 3 to 4, characterised in that part-cores (21-25) consist of different materials.
6. Projectile according to at least one of Claims 3 to 5, characterised in that at least one of part-cores (21-25) consists at least partially of ductile and frangible heavy metal, and in that at least one of part-cores (21-25) is an incendiary element.
7. Projectile according to at least one of Claims 3 to 6, characterised in that part-cores (21-25) have means (26, 27; 26A, 27A) for reciprocal centring.
8. Projectile according to Claim 1, characterised in that four grooves (7) offset by 90° are provided, the base faces (8) of which are concave, forming arcs concentric with recess (5), and in that four ridges (9) are provided, which are offset by 90° to grooves (7) and are spaced apart by a distance equal to the width of grooves (7), ridges (9) having an arcuate cross-section and a thickness corresponding to the depth of grooves (7).
9. Projectile according to Claim 1, characterised in that nose (3) and/or sealing body (15) are injection-moulded from preferably heat-resistant, fibre-reinforced thermoplastic plastics material.
10. Method of manufacturing the projectile according to at least one of Claims 1 to 9, characterised in that

    in a first step nose (3) is injection-moulded on to shell (2), being firmly anchored in forward shell ribs (4) arranged in the interior of shell (2),

    in a second step core (6; 21 to 25) is pushed through the still open rear face of shell (2) into the centring arrangement (5,9) of nose (3), and

    in a third step the open rear face of shell (3) is closed by sealing body (15).
11. Method according to Claim 10, characterised in that sealing body (15) intended to close shell (2), still open at its rear face, is formed by injecting extrudable material, preferably plastics material, into shell (2), the plastics material penetrating into grooves (7) and between the ridges (9) of nose (3), so that core (6, 21 to 25) is surrounded by the plastics material of nose (3) and sealing body (15), up to stop (11) at the front, around its circumferential surface at the side, and is completely surrounded by said plastics material at the rear.

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