EP0846510B1 - Verwendung einer Kokille zum Herstellen von Barren aus Leichtmetall oder einer Leichtmetall-legierung, insbesondere aus Magnesium oder einer Magnesiumlegierung - Google Patents
Verwendung einer Kokille zum Herstellen von Barren aus Leichtmetall oder einer Leichtmetall-legierung, insbesondere aus Magnesium oder einer Magnesiumlegierung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0846510B1 EP0846510B1 EP97120790A EP97120790A EP0846510B1 EP 0846510 B1 EP0846510 B1 EP 0846510B1 EP 97120790 A EP97120790 A EP 97120790A EP 97120790 A EP97120790 A EP 97120790A EP 0846510 B1 EP0846510 B1 EP 0846510B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- chill
- melt
- mold
- light metal
- chill according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007528 sand casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003110 molding sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
- B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
- B22D21/007—Castings of light metals with low melting point, e.g. Al 659 degrees C, Mg 650 degrees C
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D25/00—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product
- B22D25/02—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product by its peculiarity of shape; of works of art
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of a mold for producing bars from light metal or with a light metal alloy, especially made of magnesium or a magnesium alloy a diameter of 60 to 400 mm.
- the manufacture of light metal bars, especially magnesium bars, is carried out according to the current status the art usually by casting strands with a large diameter, preferably 400 up to 600 mm in diameter can be cast using known continuous casting processes, as they do for example, described in US-A-4 071 072.
- the melt is broken down into a short water-cooled mold, and the strand emerging from the mold is sprayed cooled with water or by immersing in a water bath until completely solidified. Thereafter, machining of the surface of the cast strands to remove the Cast edge shell take place. Finally, the casting strand is extruded to the desired one Dimensions of the ingot brought.
- Bars of light metal or a light metal alloy, in particular magnesium or one Magnesium alloy can be used for experimental purposes with conventional casting techniques, e.g. B. in Sand casting processes are produced.
- the structural properties are extreme because of the low solidification speeds for further processing, especially extrusion unfavorable.
- a one-off production requires a very high manual effort for the Mold production and further processing of the cast blank.
- the casting blank must be and running system are freed and processed all round to the finished size for further processing become. Due to the large-volume sprue and riser system as well as the machining there is also a very low output in the order of magnitude for the sand casting process 50%.
- the sand casting process is therefore not suitable for mass production of bars.
- a sheet metal mold is described in US-A-2 264 456. It rests on a lowerable Table in a spray zone or a water bath. The mold has clamp elements for Hold / fix the free ends of the sheets. They are topped up to the same extent as the Casting table is lowered.
- the invention is based on the problem of a method and an apparatus for producing Ingots, in particular pressed bars made of light metal or a light metal alloy, in particular made of Magnesium or a magnesium alloy, with a diameter of 60-400 mm, which is both for series production and for one-off production for small quantities and short-term coverage is suitable.
- the ingots are said to be without further processing have the desired dimensions so that machining of the bar surfaces can be eliminated or reduced to a minimum.
- the total output is supposed to about 80% and above.
- an extruded metal mold made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy used Preferably, an extruded metal mold made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy used. Surprisingly, it has been shown that the cooling rate in one such a mold is so high that the cooling effect in still air due to the high Thermal conductivity of the mold material is completely sufficient and even for the production of bars made of aluminum and its alloys is suitable without the mold melting.
- the mold can preferably be equipped with cooling fins be provided.
- Such molds can be quickly extruded with any internal diameter or internal cross-section as well as with cooling fins, so that the manufactured by means of this mold Ingot already has the respective dimensions required for further processing, without that additional processing steps are required.
- the inner surface of the metal mold can be provided with a conventional size, and as Chill material can be metals that can be formed by extrusion and one have high thermal conductivity. Aluminum or preferably therefore come for the mold Aluminum alloys in question.
- the light metal or light metal alloy melt in particular the magnesium or Magnesium alloy melt, is from above into the extrusion profile used as a mold filled with rising metal mirror.
- One serves as the lower end or bottom for the mold Metal plate, preferably a steel plate, which can also be cooled.
- the metal is fed during to achieve metal feed without vortex and turbulence the casting always below the melt surface and preferably in such a way that a constant distance of a melt nozzle immersed in the melt from the Melt surface using a float by lowering the mold or lifting the Melt nozzle is set.
- a quiet metal feed without vortex and turbulence can also be done without using a Floats can be achieved by lowering the mold or lifting the melt nozzle in Dependence of the mold filling speed is controlled so that the melt nozzle is always in the Melt remains immersed.
- a light metal-resistant filter in the melt nozzle can also be a quiet metal feed cause and also reduces or avoids the introduction of oxides and / or Contamination in the mold.
- the bars can easily be released remove the extruded profile used as the mold. That used as a mold Extruded profile does not require any rework and is immediately available for further use Available.
- the mold is characterized by a very high output because of the necessary waste at most is limited to the lowest area of the ingot, where it is at the initial Filling the light metal or light metal alloy melt, in particular the magnesium or Magnesium alloy melt, there is turbulence and oxide inclusions and therefore alone must be separated if there are appropriate cleanliness requirements.
- the rest of it Material up to the upper metal mirror can be used directly for further processing.
- the surface of the cast blank can optionally be cleaned by blasting or even slightly machined to get a clean metallic surface, if appropriate
- the light metal or light metal alloy melt in particular the magnesium or Magnesium alloy melt can also from below into the extrusion profile used as a mold be filled with rising metal levels. For this come z. B. the low pressure casting process or the gravity casting process with increasing mold filling in question.
- the mold can be in one part or can be composed of several parts from extruded profile segments.
- a float be provided, which controls the melt supply.
- a light metal-resistant filter can be arranged in the melt nozzle.
- Bars with a length corresponding to the height of the mold can be produced.
- the Thermal insulation may be provided in the upper region of the mold.
- This thermal insulation can be used as arranged on the inside and / or the outside of the mold in the upper area, heat-insulating coating can be formed.
- a heat-insulating attachment can also be provided on the mold.
- This essay can be made a piece of pipe made of molding sand, which preferably tapers conically upwards is exist.
- An extruded mold 1 made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy has a tube wall 2 with an inner diameter corresponding to the desired diameter of the ingot and radial Cooling fins 3.
- the mold 1 rests on a base plate 4 made of metal, and the whole of a lowering device 10 worn.
- the bottom plate 4 can, as shown in Fig. 4, cooling channels 16 have.
- a melt nozzle 6 protrudes into the mold 1 and consists of a light metal, especially magnesium-resistant material.
- a float 7 stands with the nozzle 6 also made of light metal, especially magnesium-resistant material in combination, for this ensures that light metal or light metal alloy melt or the magnesium or Magnesium alloy melt 8 always at a uniform distance from one Melt surface 9 is introduced into the mold 1.
- the lowering device 10 is lowered according to the casting speed until the mold is filled with molten metal.
- the melt is cooled in still air.
- the mold can also be used as a smooth tube without cooling fins be trained.
- bars with a height corresponding to the mold can be produced Create length.
- FIG. 3 shows an existing of mold segments 11 Mold, in the tube wall 12 channels 13 are arranged.
- outer cooling fins 14 shown.
- the mold consists of four mold segments 11, which, for. B. are positively connected to one another by means of a dovetail connection 15, however the mold can also consist of fewer or more mold segments.
- this can be treated with a conventional size.
- the cross section of the mold can be circular, as shown, but can also be other Have cross-sectional shapes.
- the cooling rate on the wall 2 of the mold is so great that that of aluminum or an aluminum alloy extruded mold 1 also for the production of bars from aluminum or an aluminum alloy is suitable.
- a light metal-resistant filter 17 can be used to control the mold filling speed between the float 7 and the melt nozzle 6 or as shown in FIG. 6 instead of the float the melt nozzle 6 may be arranged. This allows the introduction of oxides and others Reduce or even avoid contamination in the melt.
- a heat-insulating coating 18, 19 may be applied in the upper area of the ingot.
- the same purpose can also be achieved by an attachment 20 shown in FIG Reach conical pipe piece made of molding sand, which alone or in addition to the coating 18, 19 in FIG. 7 forms the thermal insulation.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
Description
- Eine ungünstige Ausbringung durch die lange Prozeßkette:
- 1. Das Stranggießen von Gießsträngen mit großem Durchmesser mit etwa 80 % Ausbringung.
- 2. Die spanende Bearbeitung mit etwa 90 % Ausbringung.
- 3. Das Strangpressen auf die gewünschten Abmessungen des Barrens mit etwa 70 %
Ausbringung.
Das ergibt dann insgesamt eine Ausbringung von nur etwa 50 %.
Die Folgen sind ein äußerst hoher Energieverbrauch für den Fertigungsprozeß und zusätzlich für
die Wiederaufbereitung des Rücklaufmaterials. - Weiterhin entsteht ein hoher Energieverbrauch durch den notwendigen Betrieb einer Strangpresse, die für das Strangpressen der großformatigen Barren eine Preßkraft in der Größenordnung um 10.000 t und mehr aufweisen muß. Da Strangpressen in dieser Größenordnung nur an wenigen Stellen in der Welt betrieben werden, ergibt sich daraus die Tatsache, daß nur wenige Firmen weltweit in der Lage sind, diese "Pre-ex"-Barren zu fertigen.
- Ein weiterer Nachteil dieses mehrstufigen Verfahrens liegt darin, daß kleinere Bedarfsmengen nicht wirtschaftlich gefertigt werden können. Auch kurzfristige Bedarfsdeckungen sind wegen des mehrstufigen Verfahrens nicht möglich.
- Fig. 1
- eine Schnittansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Kokille mit Darstellung des angewandten Gießverfahrens,
- Fig. 2
- eine Draufsicht auf eine erste Ausführungsform einer Kokille,
- Fig. 3
- eine Draufsicht auf eine zweite Ausführungsform einer Kokille,
- Fig. 4
- eine Schnittansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Kokille mit Darstellung des angewandten Gießverfahrens und einer gekühlten Bodenplatte,
- Fig. 5
- eine Schnittansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Kokille mit Darstellung des angewandten Gießverfahrens und eines leichtmetallresistenten Filters,
- Fig. 6
- eine Schnittansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Kokille mit Darstellung des angewandten Gießverfahrens und eines anders angeordneten, leichtmetallresistenten Filters,
- Fig. 7
- eine Schnittansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Kokille mit Darstellung des angewandten Gießverfahrens und einer Wärmeisolierung im oberen Bereich der Kokille und
- Fig. 8
- eine Schnittansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Kokille mit Darstellung des angewandten Gießverfahrens und einer anderen Ausführungsform einer Wärmeisolierung im oberen Bereich der Kokille.
Claims (15)
- Verwendung einer rohrförmigen, stranggepreßten, nur ruhender Luft ausgesetzten Kokille (1) aus Metall mit hoher Wärmeleitfähigkeit mit einem dem gewünschten Durchmesser bzw. Querschnitt eines herzustellenden Barrens entsprechenden Innendurchmesser bzw. Innenquerschnitt, einer die Kokille (1) verschließenden Bodenplatte (4), einer der gewünschten Länge des Barrens entsprechenden Länge zum Herstellen von Preßbarren aus Leichtmetall oder einer Leichtmetallegierung, insbesondere aus Magnesium oder einer Magnesiumlegierung, mit einem Durchmesser von 60 bis 400 mm.
- Verwendung einer Kokille nach Anspruch 1 mit Kühlrippen an der Außenfläche.
- Verwendung einer Kokille nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung.
- Verwendung einer Kokille nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, die mehrteilig aus Strangpreßprofilsegmenten (11) zusammengesetzt ist.
- Verwendung einer Kokille nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3 oder 4 mit einem Boden aus einer Metallplatte (4) als Unterlage für die Kokille (1; 11).
- Verwendung einer Kokille nach Anspruch 5, bei der die Metallplatte (4) kühlbar ist.
- Verwendung einer Kokille nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 mit einer Wärmeisolierung (18, 19, 20) im oberen Bereich.
- Verwendung einer Kokille nach Anspruch 7 mit einer wärmeisolierenden Beschichtung (18, 19) an der Innenseite und/oder der Außenseite des oberen Bereichs.
- Verwendung einer Kokille nach Anspruch 7 oder 8 mit einem wärmeisolierenden Aufsatz (20) auf dem oberen Bereich.
- Verwendung einer Kokille nach Anspruch 9, bei der der wärmeisolierende Aufsatz (20) aus einem Rohrstück aus Formsand besteht.
- Verwendung einer Kokille nach Anspruch 10, bei der das Rohrstück (20) sich nach oben konisch verjüngend ausgebildet ist.
- Verwendung einer Kokille nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, bei welcher die Schmelze mittels einer Schmelzedüse (6) während des Gießens stets unterhalb der Schmelzeoberfläche (9) zuführbar ist.
- Verwendung einer Kokille nach Anspruch 12, bei der ein gleichbleibender Abstand der in die Schmelze eingetauchten Schmelzedüse (6) von der Schmelzoberfläche (9) mittels eines Schwimmers (7) durch Absenken der Kokille (1) oder Anheben der Schmelzedüse (6) einstellbar ist.
- Verwendung einer Kokille nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 10 bis 13 mit einer Halterung für die Kokille (1; 11) und einer Absenkvorrichtung (10) für die Metallplatte (4).
- Verwendung einer Kokille nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, bei welcher die Schmelze mittels einer mit einem leichtmetallresistenten Filter (17) versehenen Schmelzedüse (6) zuführbar ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19650074 | 1996-12-03 | ||
DE19650074 | 1996-12-03 | ||
DE19710887A DE19710887C2 (de) | 1996-12-03 | 1997-03-15 | Verwendung einer Kokille zum Herstellen von Barren aus Leichtmetall oder einer Leichtmetallegierung, insbesondere aus Magnesium oder einer Magnesiumlegierung |
DE19710887 | 1997-03-15 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0846510A1 EP0846510A1 (de) | 1998-06-10 |
EP0846510B1 true EP0846510B1 (de) | 2001-05-23 |
Family
ID=26031831
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97120790A Expired - Lifetime EP0846510B1 (de) | 1996-12-03 | 1997-11-27 | Verwendung einer Kokille zum Herstellen von Barren aus Leichtmetall oder einer Leichtmetall-legierung, insbesondere aus Magnesium oder einer Magnesiumlegierung |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0846510B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH10166136A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE201343T1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4993874B2 (ja) * | 2005-05-06 | 2012-08-08 | 京セラ株式会社 | シリコンインゴット用の鋳型 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2264456A (en) * | 1937-05-12 | 1941-12-02 | Ver Leichtmetallwerke Gmbh | Method of casting metals |
US3338296A (en) * | 1964-04-02 | 1967-08-29 | Aluminum Co Of America | Method of casting aluminum |
US4071072A (en) * | 1973-11-06 | 1978-01-31 | Alcan Research And Development Limited | Method of direct chill casting of aluminum alloys |
DE3218100A1 (de) * | 1982-05-13 | 1983-11-17 | Kabel- und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshütte AG, 3000 Hannover | Verfahren zur herstellung einer rohrkokille mit rechteckigem bzw. quadratischem querschnitt |
DE3514123C2 (de) * | 1985-04-19 | 1994-12-08 | Kabelmetal Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Durchlaufkokillen für Stranggießmaschinen |
-
1997
- 1997-11-27 AT AT97120790T patent/ATE201343T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-11-27 EP EP97120790A patent/EP0846510B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-28 JP JP9328271A patent/JPH10166136A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE201343T1 (de) | 2001-06-15 |
EP0846510A1 (de) | 1998-06-10 |
JPH10166136A (ja) | 1998-06-23 |
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