EP0843613A2 - Separating tool - Google Patents

Abstract

A tool (10) for separating mutually united parts (12, 14) has a head part (16) and at least two spreading elements joined in a movable manner to the head part (16) so that a force or pulse transmitted to the head part (16) is converted in the spreading elements into a force component (50) which acts in the same direction and into a force component (52) perpendicular thereto which moves the parts to be separated (12, 14) away from each other.

Description

Cutting tool

The invention relates to a tool according to the preamble of claim 1 for separating connected parts.

In order to efficiently recycle products, it is generally necessary to separate the various components of these products. This separation can be achieved by reversing the one used in the manufacture of said products

Assembly technology done. However, such an approach is very time consuming and therefore inefficient. On the other hand, in the case of products or components of products that are to be recycled, an at least partial destruction of the products or components does not have a negative effect on the recycling quality, so that to increase flexibility and improve the effectiveness of Disassembly of products can be used on destructive processes.

To separate parts or components or to solve mechanical connections, suitable forces must be very flexible, fast and effective in the corresponding Components or products are introduced. That is especially so. problematic if there are no suitable contact surfaces for introducing these separating forces. Esp. In the case of components that are flush with one another with complex parting lines, the introduction of suitable parting forces for dismantling often causes considerable problems.

So far, for example, chisels have been used to introduce appropriate separating or wedge forces between product components or adjoining components of products. However, due to their operating principle, such chisels have only a relatively small action path, so that further work steps are generally required for the complete separation of components. In addition, the use of chisels requires components that are used for

Transfer of the required separation forces are suitable. E.g. the use of a chisel when dismantling plastic housings is problematic if the edges of the housing parts are not able to transmit the separating or partial forces generated by the chisel. There is always an undesirable chipping of the chisel when dismantling such smooth plastic housings. Such a breakout pose a risk of injury.

Instead of chisels, screwdrivers or crowbars are often used to carry out the corresponding dismantling. Such tools are also only suitable for a limited task, i. H. Here, too, further work steps for dismantling the corresponding products may be necessary.

A device utilizing the wedge effect for splitting wood is known, for example, from EP 0 260 184 AI. This known device has a wedge tool which is provided with two expanding leg elements which are pivotably mounted on the wedge element in opposite directions. These expansion elements reach the corresponding gap when the wedge element is driven into the wood to be split and then spread the wood further. A similar log splitter is known from US-A 3 865 163. This known device has a head part and at least two spreading members movably connected to the head part, so that a force introduced into the head part or a pulse introduced into the head part in the spreading members in each case in a component which is rectified to the introduced force or the initiated pulse and in vertical components that separate the parts to be separated are converted into force components. In this known tool, which is only suitable and intended for splitting wood and not quite generally for separating parts which are connected to one another, the expansion members are formed by rigid levers which are provided with angle elements at their front ends. In a known manner, a splitting wedge is used to split a piece of wood, on which the expansion elements are provided so as to be pivotable.

A hatchet with lateral expansion elements is known from US-A 4,372,360. In this known hatchet, a spreading principle similar to that used in the above-mentioned FR 0 260 184 AI or in US Pat. No. 3,865,163 is used.

The invention has for its object to provide a cutting tool of the type mentioned, which is simple, and with which a separation of interconnected parts, in particular. Components or components is easily possible. This object is achieved according to the invention in a cutting tool of the type mentioned at the outset by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the cutting tool according to the invention are characterized in the subclaims.

The cutting tool according to the invention has the advantage that suitable engagement surfaces for the tool for introducing the

Separating forces in the interconnected parts are generated by corresponding at least partial deformation of said parts and at the same time the separating forces for separating said parts are generated. The necessary separation forces are preferably generated by impulsive impacts on the head part and introduced into the parts to be separated. These blows are made using an ordinary hammer, a pneumatic hammer or the like. generated.

The at least two expansion elements can be connected by means of a connecting device. It is preferred if the connection device is adjustable. By adjusting the connecting device accordingly, it is possible to set the transverse distance between the expansion elements and thus the distribution of the forces to be introduced into the parts to be separated, ie the ratio between the rectified and the vertical force components. The tool according to the invention is suitable, by means of the expansion elements, for dividing the force introduced into the head part or the pulse introduced into the head part into a force component rectified to the force introduced and into a separating force component perpendicular thereto. The rectified force component allows the free ends of the expansion elements facing away from the head part to be pressed into the parts to be separated, ie there is a corresponding partial deformation of the said parts in the region of the free ends of the expansion elements. A form fit is created by reshaping or machining. If necessary, a frictional connection between the free ends of the expansion elements and the parts to be separated can also be sufficient to bring about a separation of the parts.

In the case of a tool of the type mentioned above, the expansion elements are expediently provided with elastic restoring elements. If the expansion members are designed as articulated toggle levers, the restoring elements are provided on the knee joints. With the aid of these reset elements, the tool is returned to its starting position as soon as the tool is removed from the parts to be cut or separated. This starting position can be defined by stops provided on the tool.

Another embodiment of the tool according to the invention is characterized in that the two toggle levers are articulated to one another at the point of intersection of their second levers by means of a scissor axis, the scissor axis being guided in a linearly movable manner along a linear guide which projects away from the head part. In such a tool, it is preferred if an elastic return element is provided on the scissor axis between the two toggle levers. This tool also returns to the starting position when the tool is removed from the parts to be separated or separated. In the tool according to the invention, the two expansion elements can also be designed as intersecting angle levers which are articulated at one end by means of an articulated axis, the articulated axis being guided in a linearly movable manner away from the head part, and the linear guide at its end remote from the head part has a spreading element abutting the intersecting angle levers. The angle levers can be angled once or angled twice, ie

S-shaped. The expansion element is intended to spread the two angle levers apart when a corresponding force or a suitable impulse is exerted on the head part. The expansion element or the like as a role. be designed to keep the friction between the expansion element and the angle levers as small as possible.

The free ends of the two expanding elements of the tool according to the invention facing away from the head part can each be provided with embossing elements, depending on the nature or the requirements of the parts to be separated. The embossing members can be integral components of the two second levers or can be provided interchangeably on them. Interchangeable embossing members made of elastomer material are provided, for example, to create a frictional connection between the cutting tool and the parts to be separated, through which the parts to be separated can be separated without damaging them. The integral components of the two expanding members forming embossing members can be formed, for example, by teeth or by corrugation of the free ends of the two second levers of the separating tool. Embossing members designed in this way then usually lead to forming, machining or, in extreme cases breaking the parts to be separated. This means that considerably higher forces are transmitted than in the case of a frictional connection between the cutting tool according to the invention and the parts to be separated. In order to be able to use the cutting tool according to the invention under a wide variety of framework and operating conditions, it is preferred to provide the embossing elements interchangeably or to combine them with integrally provided ones if necessary.

Instead of introducing the corresponding separating forces into the parts to be separated via the tool, it is of course also possible to provide the tool stationary and to press the parts to be separated onto the tool. This pressing can be done manually or mechanically discontinuously or continuously.

According to the invention, it is also possible for the head part to have a guide section for a sliding body, which is connected to toothed rollers forming the expansion elements, and for a toothed rack to adjoin the guide section of the head part, which extends between the two toothed rolls and which has the two toothed rolls is engaged. It is expedient if a spring element is provided between the head part and the sliding body. This spring element is, for example, a helical compression spring enclosing the head part. The sliding body can be formed by a sleeve through which the head part extends. The two toothed rollers are connected to the sliding body, for example, by means of a frame which presses the toothed rollers against the toothed rack in order to bring about the meshing engagement between the two toothed rollers and the toothed rack at all times. The rack extends between the two of each other accordingly spaced tooth rollers, so it is formed with teeth facing away from each other.

The tool according to the invention is advantageously suitable for separating components which are flush with one another. Have the parts or components to be separated suitable form elements such as grooves, shoulders, approaches or the like. , these can of course be optimally combined with the cutting tool according to the invention, i.e. in such a case, the separating tool according to the invention is expediently attached to the said shaped elements in order to separate the components from one another. After the tool according to the invention - as has been mentioned - also advantageously for separating those which are flush with one another

Suitable components, it is optimally possible to easily separate housing and / or components of electrical or electronic equipment and any other parts and devices. Compared to the previous procedure for dismantling companies, there are significant increases in efficiency. Of course, the tool according to the invention can also be used, for example, in repair shops such as motor vehicle repair shops. optimally applicable. Furthermore, the tool according to the invention can be used, for example, as a nutcracker. This has the very essential advantage that a corresponding nut can be divided into two halves without the nut core being destroyed by crushing the nut.

The head part can form a connecting part to a power tool. This tool can be a pneumatic hammer or chisel. Embodiments of the cutting tool according to the invention are shown in the drawing and are described below. Show it:

1 shows a first embodiment of the cutting tool in a view from the front,

2 is a side view of the tool of FIG. 1 in the direction of arrow II,

3 shows a second embodiment of the separating tool in a front view similar to FIG. 1,

4 is a partial cutaway view of the cutting tool according to FIG. 3 in a side view similar to that according to FIG. 2,

5 is a front view of a third embodiment of the device in the form of a nutcracker,

6 shows a side view of the nutcracker according to FIG. 5,

Fig. 7 in a front view corresponding to Figures 1, 3 and 5, a fourth embodiment of the

Cutting tool, and

Fig. 8 partially cut away a front view of a fifth embodiment of the cutting tool.

FIGS. 1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the separating tool 10, which is provided for separating parts 12 and 14 which are connected to one another. Parts 12 and 14 are flush with one another. The separating tool 10 has a head part 16, from which two toggle levers 18 and 20 protrude on the underside. Each toggle lever 18 and 20 each have a first lever 22 and a second lever 24, each of which is articulated by means of a knee joint 26. The two first levers 22 of the toggle levers 18 and 20 are connected in an articulated manner to the head part 16 by means of the associated articulated axes 28, they stand apart from the head part 16.

The two toggle levers 18 and 20 are connected to one another by means of a connecting device 30 which extends between the two knee joints 26 and which is designed to be adjustable. For this purpose, the

Connecting device 30 two elongated elements 32 and 34, which overlap more or less according to the desired distance between the two knee joints 26 and are connected to one another at the common overlap area. For this purpose, the elongated elements 32 and 34 can be formed with holes 36. Fixing pins 38 can be pushed through the holes 36 located in the overlap region. These fixing pins 38 are, for example, set screws, screws or the like.

The free end 40 of the head part 16 of each of the two second levers 24 of the two toggle levers 18 and 20 is formed with embossing members 42, or the like, as teeth, as corrugation. can be designed. 1 shows an embodiment in which the embossing members 42 are integral components of the second lever 24. The two toggle levers 18 and 20 are provided with elastic return elements 44 which are designed, for example, as spiral or coil springs with fastening end sections 46. The elastic return elements 44 are provided in the embodiment of the separating tool 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 on the knee joints 26 of the two toggle levers 18 and 20.

If a cutting force or a pulse is introduced into the head part 16 of the cutting tool 10, which is indicated in FIG. 1 by the arrow 48, then this force or this pulse (arrow 48) is converted into rectified force components 50 and into them perpendicular and from each other force components 52 oriented away are transferred, wherein the rectified force components 50 lead to a reshaping of the parts 12 and 14 to be separated from one another and the force components 52 oriented away from one another simultaneously lead to a separation of the parts 12 and 14 to be separated.

FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate a second embodiment of the separating tool 10, which differs from the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 in particular in that the two toggle levers 18 and 20 are articulated with one another by means of a scissors axis 56 at the crossing point 54 of their second lever 24 are connected. A linear guide 58 projects downward from the head part 16 of the separating tool 10, along which the scissors axis 56 is guided in a linearly movable manner. Another difference from the training of the drawn in Figures 1 and 2

Separating tool 10 consists in the fact that the two second levers 24 do not run in a straight line but angled and have exchangeable embossing members 42 on the free ends 40 of the second lever 24 remote from the head part 16. In addition, in the embodiment of the separating tool 10 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a single elastic return element 44 is provided, which is provided on the scissor axis 56 between the two toggle levers 18 and 20 or between the second levers 24 of the two toggle levers 18 and 20.

The same details are otherwise designated in FIGS. 3 and 4 with the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 1 and 2, so that it is unnecessary to describe all these details again in detail in conjunction with FIGS. 3 and 4.

Figures 5 and 6 show a separating tool 10 which is designed as a nutcracker. The reference number 60 denotes a nut which can easily be divided into two halves with the separating tool 10 according to FIGS. 5 and 6, without the nut 60 core being crushed. The separating tool according to FIGS. 5 and 6 differs from the separating tool 10 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 in that the free ends 40 of the two second levers 24 of the toggle levers 18 and 20 are each formed with a cutting edge 62 as an embossing element. Another difference is that the head part 16 is provided on a stand device 64 on which an actuating lever 66 is pivotally mounted (see FIG. 6). The two toggle levers 18 and 20 are guided in a linearly movable manner along a linear guide 58, which is part of the stand device 64, as can be seen from FIG. 6.

The same details are denoted in FIGS. 5 and 6 with the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 1 to 4, so that it is not necessary in connection with the Figures 5 and 6 to describe all these details again in detail.

FIG. 7 shows a front view of a further embodiment of the cutting tool 10 with a head part 16 and with two spreading members which are movably connected to the head part 16 and which are designed as intersecting angle levers 68. The two angle levers 68 are on one, i.e. the end associated with the head part 16 is articulated by means of an articulated axis 70. The hinge axis 70 extends through a linear guide 58 which protrudes from the head part 16. The hinge axis 70 is provided in a linearly movable manner along the linear guide 58 and is provided with an elastic return element 44.

The two angle levers 68 can be simply angled or - as drawn in Fig. 7 - double angled, i.e. Be S-shaped.

The linear guide 58 is provided at its end remote from the head part 16 with an expansion element 72 which bears on the two angle levers 68. If a force or a pulse is exerted on the head part 16, which is indicated by the arrow 48, then at the free end 40 remote from the head part 16, each of the two angle levers 68 has a rectified force component, which is illustrated by the arrows 50, and each a force component perpendicular to these force components, which are illustrated by the two arrows 52 pointing away from one another. The force components 52 cause the parts 12 and 14 to be separated.

FIG. 8 schematically illustrates in a front view an embodiment of the separating tool 10, in which the Spreading members of toothed rollers 74 are formed. The two spaced-apart toothed rollers 74 mesh with a toothed rack 76 which is formed with two toothings 78 facing away from one another. The rack 76 stands away from the head part 16 of the cutting tool 10. The head part 16 extends captively through a sliding body 80. The sliding body 80 is drawn in longitudinal section in FIG. 8. It is designed, for example, as a sleeve. The two toothed rollers 74 are connected to the sliding body 80 and to one another in such a way that the two toothed rollers 74 are meshingly engaged with the two toothings 78 of the toothed rack 76. This connection between the toothed rollers 74 and the sliding body 80 and between the toothed rollers can take place by means of an elastic frame or the like.

Between the head part 16 of the cutting tool 10 and the sliding body 80, an elastic return element 44 is provided, which is designed, for example, as a helical compression spring 84.

The reference numbers 12 and 14 in FIG. 8 also designate two parts to be separated from one another. If a force or an impulse is exerted on the head part 16, which is indicated by the arrow 48, the two toothed rollers 74 are driven in the direction of the curved arrows 86 with the aid of the toothed rack 76, i.e. here, too, there is a corresponding division of the force (arrow 48) into rectified force components, as indicated by arrows 50, and into perpendicular force components, which separate parts 12 and 14 from one another, and which are indicated by arrows 52.

Claims

Expectations 1. Tool for separating interconnected parts (12, 14), with a head part (16) and with at least two with the head part (16) movably connected expansion members, so that a force introduced into the head part (16) or into the The head part (16) of the impulse which is introduced in the expansion elements is converted into a force component (50) which is rectified to the introduced force or the impulse and into perpendicular components which separate the parts (12, 14) to be separated, 52, characterized in that the at least two expansion members are designed as toggle levers (18, 20) with a first lever (22) and with a second lever (24), the respective first lever (22) with the associated second lever (24) by means of a knee joint (26) is connected in an articulated manner, the respective first lever (22) being articulatedly spread away from the head part (16) and the second lever (24) removed from the head part (16) intersect, and the spreading element gane are connected. 2. Tool according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the expansion members are connected by means of a connecting device (30). 3. Tool according to claim 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the connecting device (30) is adjustable. 4. Tool according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the expansion members are provided with elastic return elements (44). 5. Tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the toggle levers (18, 20) at the crossover point (54) of their second lever (24) are articulated to one another by means of a scissor axis (56) which extends away from the head part (16) linear guide (58) is guided in a linearly movable manner. 6. Tool according to claim 5, so that a resilient return element (44) is provided between the toggle levers (18, 20) on the scissors axis (56). Tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the expanding members are designed as intersecting angle levers (68) which have one end are articulated to one another by means of an articulated axis (70) which is guided in a linearly movable manner in a linear guide (58) projecting from the head part (16), and in that the linear guide (58) at its end remote from the head part (16) is at the intersecting end Has angle levers (68) adjacent spreading element (72). 8. Tool according to one of claims 1 to 7, so that the free ends (40) of the expansion members facing away from the head part (16) are each provided with embossing members (42). 9. Tool according to claim 8, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the embossing members (42) are integral components of the expansion members or are interchangeably provided on these. 10. Tool according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that the head part (16) has a guide section for a sliding body (80) which is connected to the expansion elements forming toothed rollers (74), and in that the guide section of the head part (16 ) connects a rack (76) which extends between the two toothed rollers (74) and which meshes with the two toothed rollers (74). 11. Tool according to claim 10, characterized in that an elastic return element (44) is provided between the head part (16) and the sliding body (80). 12. Tool according to one of claims 1 to 11, so that the head part (16) forms a connecting part to a power tool.