EP0835298B1 - Procede de raffinage d'huiles usagees par traitement alcalin - Google Patents
Procede de raffinage d'huiles usagees par traitement alcalin Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0835298B1 EP0835298B1 EP96924004A EP96924004A EP0835298B1 EP 0835298 B1 EP0835298 B1 EP 0835298B1 EP 96924004 A EP96924004 A EP 96924004A EP 96924004 A EP96924004 A EP 96924004A EP 0835298 B1 EP0835298 B1 EP 0835298B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- water
- approximately
- alkaline agent
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000010913 used oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title abstract description 29
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC1(C)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosulfonic acid Substances OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 27
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 19
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 17
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 17
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N caprylic alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical class CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000206607 Porphyra umbilicalis Species 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003869 coulometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical class CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004313 potentiometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
- C10M175/0016—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning with the use of chemical agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
- C10M175/0025—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning by thermal processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
- C10M175/02—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning mineral-oil based
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for refining used oils allowing refined oils to be reused, in particular as base oil, as fuel, or in an oil refinery.
- the expression used oils means an oil or a mixture of oils in variable proportions, of various origins notably industrial applications.
- oils intended for industrial uses or for engines contain various additives intended to give them specific properties required for the intended applications.
- additives are either organic (so-called additives “ashless”) or organometallic. In all cases they are characterized, besides their specific function (such as anti-corrosion, anti-wear, antioxidant, dispersant ...) by a very good solubility in base oils (hydrocarbons with boiling points higher than 350 ° C), thermal stability as high as possible and finally volatility as low as possible.
- Oils after use or used oils contain as impurities of such additives, either intact or in the form of decomposition products as well as sediment (wear particles from moving metal parts, air dust, carbon, etc.) and hydrocarbons not present in the original oils and which are undesirable.
- These are petrol and diesel fractions, oxidation products (such as organic acids) and pyrolysis products. The presence of these different impurities makes refining used oils particularly difficult.
- the phosphorus and silicon contents have been measured by plasma, the chlorine contents either by X-ray fluorescence (above 50 mg / kg) either by coulometry (below 50 mg / kg), the acid number was determined according to the French standard NFT 60112, the viscosity was measured at 40 ° C according to the method NFT 60100, color was measured according to ASTM D 1500 method, odor was sensory measured by the experimenter and the saponification index was measured by potentiometry.
- oils thus pretreated they can be refined according to various processes in particular by catalytic hydrogenation at high pressure, or by treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid, by treatment with an activated earth or by the combination of these last two treatments and in some cases by distillation after one of these treatments.
- the method according to the invention has in particular the advantage of being very flexible insofar as it can be adapted, as regards its characteristics, to the quality required of finished products.
- the method according to the invention can be implemented following one or more preliminary, physical and / or chemical treatment processes, and / or upstream of one or more refining processes, such as those mentioned above.
- the distillation stage (a) is firstly carried out at atmospheric pressure, at a temperature of about 130 to 180 ° C, to remove water and recover a fraction of gasoline.
- the distillation is then continued, under a pressure of about 650 to 12,000 Pa and at a temperature of around 240 to 345 ° C, to recover a small fraction of diesel then a large fraction, greater than 60% of the used waste oil.
- the whole distillate can be subjected to the subsequent step, preferably used according to the invention, the only significant fraction of the distillate.
- This pre-distillation step is particularly important because it eliminates almost all tar.
- the alkaline agent used in step (b) of the process is either sodium hydroxide or potash but never a mixture of soda and potash.
- potash Preferably, according to the invention, potash.
- the pH of the reaction medium is greater than 8 and preferably between 9.5 and 13.
- the concentration of the alkaline agent in aqueous solution is preferably between 50 and 96% by weight relative to the weight of the aqueous solution.
- the aqueous solution of alkaline agent is in the form of eutectic potash / water (86.7 / 13.3).
- the aqueous solution of alkaline agent is prepared beforehand and is then added with continuous stirring to the distillate resulting from step (a). It can be “solid” at the ambient temperature, as is particularly the case for the potash / water eutectic (86.7 / 13.3), the use of which constitutes a particularly preferred embodiment. In this in this case, the "solid" solution becomes fluid at the reaction temperature.
- the alcoholic solution used is preferably such that the ratio molar of said solvent to said alkaline agent is between 2 and 20, and more particularly between 2.5 and 5.
- an amount is used alcohol or a mixture of alcohol sufficient to ensure in the reaction medium alkaline agent concentration close to saturation.
- the monoalcohol or the polyalcohol preferably contains from 2 to 8 atoms of carbon, and more particularly from 2 to 5 carbon atoms.
- ethanol n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, isobutanol, pentanols, hexanols and octanols.
- preferred polyalcohols according to the invention may include ethylene glycol, di- and tri-ethylene glycol. According to the invention, it is preferred to use alcohols with a boiling point below the initial boiling point of the distillate and / or having a high solubility in water because their subsequent elimination by distillation or washing with water is easier
- the reaction medium is preferably prepared either by dissolving the alkaline agent in alcohol, then introduction into the distillate, either by hot mixing of distillate and alcohol then addition of the alkaline agent in the form of solid tablets.
- step (b) of the method according to the invention when an alcohol or a mixture of alcohols is used as solvent, the treatment of the distillate with the alkaline agent is carried out at the reflux of the alcohol or of the mixture of alcohols provided, however, that there is no risk of loss by evaporation.
- step (b) of the process according to the invention when operating at high temperature, and in particular when the solvent comprises an alcohol with a boiling point below the reaction temperature chosen, the distillate is treated with the alkaline agent at a pressure of approximately 10 5 to 50 x 10 5 Pa, preferably at a pressure of 10 5 to 25 x 10 5 Pa, in order to avoid losses by evaporation.
- At the end of the alkaline treatment at least one washing of the medium is carried out reaction using approximately 1 to 15% of water at a temperature between room temperature and around 100 ° C.
- the water washing operation or step (c) of the process according to the invention makes it possible to remove the excess of alkaline agent, possibly the alcohol if this was used as a solvent as well as all the soluble products from contaminants and generated by alkaline treatment.
- the step of washing with water is carried out in a single operation, the latter is generally carried out using approximately 10% water at a temperature of approximately 100 ° C.
- the step of washing is carried out in two separate operations.
- the first is to treat the environment reaction obtained after step (b) with an amount of water of about 1 to 10% and at a temperature as low as possible, between 20 and 90 ° C.
- the second is, after decanting, treating the reaction medium again with an amount of water included between 1 and 10% and at a temperature as high as possible and at least equal to that of the first operation.
- the temperature should preferably be the as low as possible in order to minimize the hydrolysis phenomena but sufficient to lower the viscosity of the oily reaction medium of step (b) and guarantee a speed of sufficient settling.
- the temperature must be the as high as possible to ensure good removal of the residual alkaline agent.
- the total amount of water used according to this particular form of achievement is preferably between 5 and 15%.
- the second washing operation can be carried out using a weak aqueous solution acid for example by means of hydrochloric acid 0.1 to 1 N.
- distillation step (d) consisting initially of a distillation at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of about 70 to 270 ° C, to remove the rest solvent, then at a pressure of around 1350 to 650 Pa and at a temperature about 210 to 375 ° C in order to obtain a refined oil and a residue which represents less 5% of the initial charge.
- step (c) of washing with water the oily phase can be followed by at least one treatment of said oily phase with high pressure catalytic hydrogenation by contact with a sulfonating agent and / or by contacting with activated carbon or an activated earth.
- the sulfonating agent is chosen from concentrated sulfuric acid and chlorosulfonic acid.
- the activated earth is preferably a mineral earth of the silico-aluminate type activated by acid treatment.
- this treatment is preferably followed by neutralization of the oily phase, by example by adding the washing water from step (c) and, preferably, by adding of ammonia.
- the refined oil or the base oil obtained by the process according to the invention has excellent physical and chemical properties. She is practically odorless, weak in color and has very low chlorine contents, but also in phosphorus and silicon.
- the main characteristics of the refined oils obtained by the process according to the invention are as follows: Chlorine content (mg / kg) ⁇ 35 Phosphorus content (mg / kg) ⁇ 5 Silicon content (mg / kg) ⁇ 5 Color (ASTM D 1500) ⁇ 3 Odor (sensory measurement) Very weak Water content (% by weight) ⁇ 10 -2 Sediments (% by weight) Absence Viscosity at 40 ° C (mm 2 / s) ⁇ 85 Acid number (IA; mgKOH / g) ⁇ 0.05 Saponification index (IS; mgKOH / g) ⁇ 0.20
- the method of treatment according to the invention is particularly effective in reducing the main contaminants of used oils.
- Fraction Pressure Temperature (° C) Proportion (% by weight) 1 1.013 x 10 5 130/180 7.5% (water + petrol) 2 5300-10700 240/285 9% (diesel) 3 650-2000 285/345 65%
- the distillation residue represented approximately 18.5% and was mainly made up of tars.
- the fraction representing 65% had the following characteristics: Chlorine content (mg / kg) 60 Phosphorus content (mg / kg) 27 Silicon content (mg / kg) 9 Color (ASTM D 1500) 6.5 Odor (sensory measurement) Very strong Water content (mg / kg) ⁇ 80 Sediments (% by weight) Absence Viscosity at 40 ° C (mm 2 / s) 31.24 Acid number (IA; mgKOH / g) 0.26 Saponification index (IS; mgKOH / g) 1.30
- a part of the distillate fraction representing approximately 65% was treated under the conditions given in Table V below using an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution at 50% by weight relative to the weight of the solution, at a temperature of 300 ° C and under a pressure of 14 x 10 5 Pa and another part of this distillate using the potash / water eutectic (86.7 / 13.3), at a temperature of 220 ° C and at a pressure of 10 5 Pa.
- the reaction medium was washed several times with water brought to a temperature of approximately 90 ° C. in order to remove the excess of alkaline agent and the different soluble products from alkaline treatment.
- the characteristics of the refined oils obtained are also given in Table V. As can be seen from these two processes by alkaline treatment lead to a refined oil having identical characteristics as to the decrease in phosphorus, silicon and chlorine contents.
- the pure potash to be used for reach the result is 7.2% or about 45 times the stoichiometry (IA + IS) if we uses a 50% and 0.47% aqueous solution of potash, or about three times the stoichiometry if the potash / water eutectic is used.
- step (b) of the alkaline treatment was used of the process according to the invention at temperatures varying between 175 and 300 ° C for a duration from 10 to 60 minutes with n-octanol under the conditions indicated in Table VI below.
- the amount of alkaline agent used was in all cases at least equal to twice the stoichiometry (IA + IS) and all the tests according to these examples were carried out under atmospheric pressure with the exception of examples 10 and 11 which were carried out under a pressure of 10 ⁇ 10 5 Pa.
- the first half resulting from the treatment with 2% dry potash was divided into two equal parts.
- washing in two operations leads to oils with a markedly improved color which is a result particularly unexpected.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Description
Teneur en chlore (mg/kg) | 150-2000 |
Teneur en phosphore (mg/kg) | 300-1300 |
Teneur en silicium (mg/kg) | 8-80 |
Couleur (ASTM D 1500) | > 8 |
Odeur (mesure sensorielle) | Forte-très forte |
Teneur en eau (% en poids) | 0,2-12 |
Sédiments (% en poids) | 0,1-0,5 |
Viscosité à 40°C (mm2/s) | 35-140 |
Indice d'acide (IA ; mgKOH/g) | 0,9-4,5 |
Indice de saponification (IS ; mgKOH/g) | 4-17 |
Teneur en chlore (mg/kg) | < 35 |
Teneur en phosphore (mg/kg) | < 5 |
Teneur en silicium (mg/kg) | < 5 |
Couleur (ASTM D 1500) | < 3 |
Odeur (mesure sensorielle) | Très faible |
Teneur en eau (% en poids) | < 10-2 |
Sédiments (% en poids) | Absence |
Viscosité à 40°C (mm2/s) | < 85 |
Indice d'acide (IA ; mgKOH/g) | < 0,05 |
Indice de saponification (IS ; mgKOH/g) | < 0,20 |
Fraction | Pression (Pa) | Température (°C) | Proportion (% en poids) |
1 | 1,013 x 105 | 130/180 | 7,5 % (eau + essence) |
2 | 5300-10700 | 240/285 | 9 % (gasoil) |
3 | 650-2000 | 285/345 | 65 % |
Teneur en chlore (mg/kg) | 60 |
Teneur en phosphore (mg/kg) | 27 |
Teneur en silicium (mg/kg) | 9 |
Couleur (ASTM D 1500) | 6,5 |
Odeur (mesure sensorielle) | Très forte |
Teneur en eau (mg/kg) | < 80 |
Sédiments (% en poids) | Absence |
Viscosité à 40°C (mm2/s) | 31,24 |
Indice d'acide (IA ; mgKOH/g) | 0,26 |
Indice de saponification (IS ; mgKOH/g) | 1,30 |
EXEMPLES | CONDITIONS REACTIONNELLES | RESULTATS (mg/kg) | |||||
TEMP. °C | TEMPS mn | TITRE Sol. Aq. | KOH | P | Si | Cl | |
1 | 300 | 30 | 50 | 7,2 | 1 | < 1 | 16 |
2 | 220 | 30 | 86,7 | 0,47 | 1 | < 1 | 16 |
Ex. | TEMPERATURE °C | TEMPS mn | ALCOOL | AGENT ALCALIN | RESULTATS (mg/kg) | ||||
Type | % Masse | NaOH pure | KOH | P | Si | Cl | |||
3 | 175 | 10 | n-C8H17OH | 4,4 | - | 0,49 | 5 | 2 | 32 |
4 | 200 | 60 | n-C8H17OH | 3,24 | - | 0,36 | 3 | < 1 | 10 |
5 | 200 | 60 | n-C8H17OH | 7,1 | - | 0, 79 | 1 | < 1 | 8 |
6 | 200 | 60 | n-C8H17OH | 19,3 | - | 2,14 | 1 | < 1 | 3 |
7 | 200 | 60 | n-C8H17OH | 3,24 | 0,36 | - | 2 | < 1 | 18 |
8 | 200 | 60 | n-C8H17OH | 7,1 | 0,79 | - | 2 | < 1 | 14 |
9 | 200 | 60 | n-C8H17OH | 19,3 | 2,14 | - | 1 | < 1 | 12 |
10 | 250 | 30 | n-C8H17OH | 7,7 | - | 1,29 | 1 | < 1 | 20 |
11 | 300 | 60 | n-C8H17OH | 7,2 | - | 0,79 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
Teneur en chlore (mg/Kg) | 72,00 |
Teneur en phosphore (mg/Kg) | 18,00 |
Teneur en silicium (mg/Kg) | 23,00 |
Couleur (ASTM D 1500) | 7,00 |
Indice d'acide (IA ; mg KOH/g) | 0,49 |
Indice de saponification (IS ; mgKOH/g) | 2,90 |
Fraction I | 264 - 370°C |
Fraction II | 370 - 441°C |
Fraction III | 441 - 475°C |
Fraction IV | 475 - 558°C |
KOH sèche | 2 % | 4 % | |||||||
Fractions | I | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | |
Lavage H2O | 1 opération | 2,5 | 1,5 | < 2,5 | < 3,5 | 1,5 | < 3 | < 4 | < 6 |
2 opérations | < 1,5 | < 1,5 | < 1,5 | < 3,5 | < 1 | < 1 | < 1,5 | 3,5 |
Claims (14)
- Procédé de raffinage d'huiles usagées, contenant divers contaminants, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend une suite d'étapes consistant essentiellement:(a) à procéder à une distillation fractionnée desdites huiles usagées, en vue de récupérer la fraction obtenue à une température comprise entre environ 240 à 345°C sous une pression d'environ 650 à 12.000 Pa,(b) à traiter ladite fraction ainsi obtenue avec un agent alcalin choisi parmi la soude ou de la potasse et en présence d'un solvant choisi parmi l'eau, un monoalcool, un polyalcool et un mélange de ces alcools, ledit agent alcalin étant présent en une proportion, en pourcentage en poids par rapport au poids du distillat, égale au produit F x (IA + IS), F étant un facteur multiplicateur compris entre 2 et 50, IA et IS étant respectivement l'indice d'acide et l'indice de saponification dudit distillat, ledit traitement étant effectué à une température d'environ 80 à 330°C pendant un temps d'environ 2 à 200 mn,(c) à laver à l'aide de 1 à 15 % d'eau le milieu réactionnel à une température comprise entre la température ambiante et environ 100°C, puis à laisser décanter pour récupérer la phase huileuse, et(d) à procéder à une distillation fractionnée de ladite phase huileuse à une pression d'environ 1.350 à 650 Pa et à une température d'environ 210 à 375°C en vue de récupérer la fraction d'huile raffinée.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'agent alcalin est la potasse.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que lorsque ledit solvant est de l'eau, la concentration en agent alcalin est comprise entre 50 et 96% en poids par rapport au poids de la solution aqueuse.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que l'agent alcalin est sous la forme de l'eutectique potasse/eau (86,7/13,3).
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que lorsque ledit solvant est choisi parmi un monoalcool et un polyalcool ou un mélange de ceux-ci, la solution alcoolique d'agent alcalin utilisée est telle que le rapport molaire dudit monoalcool ou polyalcool audit agent alcalin est compris entre 2 et 20.
- Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait que le rapport molaire dudit monoalcool ou polyalcool audit agent alcalin est compris entre 2,5 et 5.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1, 2, 5 et 6, caractérisé par le fait que ledit monoalcool ou polyalcool a de 2 à 8 atomes de carbone.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que l'étape (c) de lavage à l'eau du milieu réactionnel est effectuée en deux opérations distinctes, la première consistant à traiter ledit milieu avec une quantité d'eau d'environ 1 à 10% et à une température comprise entre 20 et 90°C et la deuxième consistant, après décantation, à traiter le milieu résultant avec une quantité d'eau comprise entre 1 et 10% et à une température aussi élevée que possible et au moins égale à celle de la première opération.
- Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait que la deuxième opération de lavage est effectuée à l'aide d'une solution aqueuse faiblement acide.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que la phase huileuse résultant de l'étape (c) de lavage est en outre suivie par au moins un traitement par hydrogénation catalytique à pression élevée, et/ou par mise en contact avec un agent sulfonant ou avec du charbon actif ou une terre activée.
- Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé par le fait que ledit agent sulfonant est choisi parmi l'acide sulfurique concentré et l'acide chlorosulfonique.
- Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé par le fait que ladite terre activée est un silico-aluminate activé par traitement acide.
- Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé par le fait que le traitement de la phase huileuse par mise en contact avec un agent sulfonant est suivi d'une neutralisation de la phase huileuse.
- Procédé selon la revendication 13, caractérisé par le fait que ladite neutralisation de la phase huileuse est réalisée par addition d'ammoniaque.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9507484 | 1995-06-22 | ||
FR9507484A FR2735785B1 (fr) | 1995-06-22 | 1995-06-22 | Procede de raffinage d'huiles usagees par traitement alcalin |
PCT/FR1996/000974 WO1997000928A1 (fr) | 1995-06-22 | 1996-06-21 | Procede de raffinage d'huiles usagees par traitement alcalin |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0835298A1 EP0835298A1 (fr) | 1998-04-15 |
EP0835298B1 true EP0835298B1 (fr) | 2001-05-23 |
Family
ID=9480271
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96924004A Expired - Lifetime EP0835298B1 (fr) | 1995-06-22 | 1996-06-21 | Procede de raffinage d'huiles usagees par traitement alcalin |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6072065A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0835298B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE201438T1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2222704A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69612978T2 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK0835298T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2125208T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2735785B1 (fr) |
NO (1) | NO976008L (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1997000928A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2766477B1 (fr) * | 1997-07-22 | 1999-09-24 | Bernard Chavet | Procede de traitement d'une eau usee alcaline |
US6007701A (en) * | 1999-02-16 | 1999-12-28 | Miami University | Method of removing contaminants from used oil |
US6238551B1 (en) * | 1999-02-16 | 2001-05-29 | Miami University | Method of removing contaminants from petroleum distillates |
FR2795421B1 (fr) * | 1999-06-23 | 2001-10-05 | Richard Deutsch | Procede de decontamination des huiles minerales semi synthetiques et synthetiques usagees |
CA2432993A1 (fr) * | 2002-07-08 | 2004-01-08 | Infineum International Limited | Additifs a base de molybdene et de soufre |
EP1382659B1 (fr) * | 2002-07-08 | 2007-01-24 | Infineum International Limited | Procédé de fabrication d'additifs de molybdène-soufre contenant peu de soufre non-réagi et additifs ainsi obtenus |
ES2199697B1 (es) * | 2003-09-23 | 2005-02-01 | Sener Grupo De Ingenieria, S.A. | Procedimiento para regenerar aceites usados por desmetalizacion y destilacion. |
FR2961521B1 (fr) * | 2010-06-22 | 2013-07-12 | Conception D Equipements Pour L Environnement Et L Ind Soc D | Procede de purification d'une charge hydrocarbonee usagee |
FR3039162B1 (fr) * | 2015-07-20 | 2020-02-28 | Societe De Conception D'equipements Pour L'environnement Et L'industrie | Purification d'huile et preparation d'additif anti-ornierage |
FI128069B2 (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2024-04-24 | Neste Oyj | Purification of recycled and renewable organic material |
FI128115B2 (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2024-08-20 | Neste Oyj | Purification of recycled and renewable organic material |
FI128121B (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2019-10-15 | Neste Oyj | Production of hydrocarbons from recycled or renewable organic material |
FI128174B (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2019-11-29 | Neste Oyj | Purification of recycled and renewable organic material |
FI128911B2 (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2025-05-27 | Neste Oyj | Cleaning of recycled and renewable organic material |
FR3130826A1 (fr) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-06-23 | Totalenergies Marketing Services | Méthode de purification d’huiles lubrifiantes au moins en partie re-raffinées |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1470599B2 (de) * | 1963-10-23 | 1971-07-15 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo K.K., Tokio | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen entfernung von verunreinigung aus schmieroel und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des ver fahrens |
AT262479B (de) * | 1965-10-21 | 1968-06-10 | Oemv Ag | Verfahren zur Aufarbeitung von gebrauchten Schmierölen |
US3625881A (en) * | 1970-08-31 | 1971-12-07 | Berks Associates Inc | Crank case oil refining |
US3793184A (en) * | 1971-09-09 | 1974-02-19 | Dow Chemical Co | Reconditioning oil used in cold working metal |
DE2508713C3 (de) * | 1975-02-28 | 1979-04-12 | Adolf Schmids Erben Ag, Bern | Verfahren zur Aufarbeitung von gebrauchtem Mineralöl |
CA1181771A (fr) * | 1982-07-27 | 1985-01-29 | Ontario Hydro | Methode de deshalogenation d'halogenures organiques |
CH657867A5 (de) * | 1983-09-21 | 1986-09-30 | Buss Ag | Verfahren zur wiederaufbereitung von altoel und destillations-vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens. |
CA2068905C (fr) * | 1992-05-19 | 1997-07-22 | Terry A. Wilson | Methode pour le pre-traitement d'une huile usee |
-
1995
- 1995-06-22 FR FR9507484A patent/FR2735785B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-06-21 EP EP96924004A patent/EP0835298B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-21 DK DK96924004T patent/DK0835298T3/da active
- 1996-06-21 CA CA002222704A patent/CA2222704A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1996-06-21 ES ES96924004T patent/ES2125208T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-21 US US08/981,749 patent/US6072065A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-21 DE DE69612978T patent/DE69612978T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-21 AT AT96924004T patent/ATE201438T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-21 WO PCT/FR1996/000974 patent/WO1997000928A1/fr active IP Right Grant
-
1997
- 1997-12-19 NO NO976008A patent/NO976008L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69612978D1 (de) | 2001-06-28 |
US6072065A (en) | 2000-06-06 |
FR2735785A1 (fr) | 1996-12-27 |
ES2125208T3 (es) | 2001-09-01 |
NO976008D0 (no) | 1997-12-19 |
EP0835298A1 (fr) | 1998-04-15 |
WO1997000928A1 (fr) | 1997-01-09 |
DK0835298T3 (da) | 2001-08-27 |
ES2125208T1 (es) | 1999-03-01 |
NO976008L (no) | 1998-02-23 |
CA2222704A1 (fr) | 1997-01-09 |
ATE201438T1 (de) | 2001-06-15 |
DE69612978T2 (de) | 2001-12-20 |
FR2735785B1 (fr) | 1997-08-08 |
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