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EP0824847B1 - Heating element, fabrication process and application - Google Patents

Heating element, fabrication process and application Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0824847B1
EP0824847B1 EP96910147A EP96910147A EP0824847B1 EP 0824847 B1 EP0824847 B1 EP 0824847B1 EP 96910147 A EP96910147 A EP 96910147A EP 96910147 A EP96910147 A EP 96910147A EP 0824847 B1 EP0824847 B1 EP 0824847B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating element
substrate
layer
element according
binder
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP96910147A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0824847A1 (en
Inventor
Dominique Petit
Peter Wolki
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Saint Gobain Performance Plastics Corp
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Saint Gobain Performance Plastics Corp
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F75/00—Hand irons
    • D06F75/08—Hand irons internally heated by electricity
    • D06F75/24—Arrangements of the heating means within the iron; Arrangements for distributing, conducting or storing the heat
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F75/00—Hand irons
    • D06F75/08—Hand irons internally heated by electricity
    • D06F75/26—Temperature control or indicating arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/283—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/286—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an organic material, e.g. plastic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel electric heating element in the form of a film or thin sheet with a laminated structure comprising at least one electrically conductive layer, a binder and at least one substrate.
  • Electric heating elements used in household applications such as irons, grills etc ... are formed of resistance son embedded in an insulating ceramic material, itself placed in a metal casing.
  • a disadvantage of this type of electric heating element is its thermal inertia.
  • Another disadvantage is that it does not lend itself to complex contours.
  • GB-A-1085 784 discloses a heating element in which a thin electrical resistance is sandwiched between two layers of electrical insulation, hermetically sealed all around the resistor.
  • multi-layer sheet-shaped electrical heating elements an electrically conductive layer formed of a thin metal film, bonded to a substrate by means of a hot-melt adhesive layer to withstand the heat.
  • Suitable hot-melt layers are extruded films with a thickness generally greater than 20 ⁇ m.
  • a disadvantage of this heating element is the low conductivity of the hot-melt film. This low conductivity can not be substantially improved by the incorporation of heat conducting charges in the extruded layer.
  • the invention obviates the disadvantages mentioned.
  • the heating element according to the invention comprises at least one substrate and at least one electrical resistance layer adhering to the substrate by a binder formed from a dispersion or solution or powder deposited directly on the substrate.
  • the binder according to the invention may be chosen from dispersions or solutions or powders of at least one polymer (or copolymer), whose melting temperature is greater than the operating temperature of the heating element and which may be deposited on a substrate, if necessary in a small thickness.
  • the polymer is chosen from perfluorinated polymers, in particular perfluoroalkoxyalkane (PFA), MFA and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • a dispersion or solution of at least one of the abovementioned polymers is chosen and which can be strongly charged, if appropriate, with electrically conductive and electrically insulating fillers, for example oxide.
  • electrically conductive and electrically insulating fillers for example oxide.
  • the substrate according to the invention which in particular has a mechanical support function for the heating element, as well as an electrical insulation function, may be any sheet selected according to the application envisaged for the heating element.
  • This sheet may be based on a thermoplastic or thermosetting material or a cellulosic material, or a fabric or glass cloth impregnated or not, based on ceramic fibers, or an extruded sheet or unwound.
  • thermoplastic or thermosetting material is chosen in particular from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), perfluoroalkoxyalkane (PFA), MFA, perfluoro (ethylene-propylene) (FEP), ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), fluoride poly (vinylidene) (PVDF), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (KAPTON).
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • PFA perfluoroalkoxyalkane
  • MFA perfluoro (ethylene-propylene)
  • FEP ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene
  • ETFE ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene
  • PVDF fluoride poly (vinylidene)
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • KAPTON polyimide
  • the substrate has a thickness generally between 20 microns and 500 microns or more, as the case may be, depending on the application.
  • the electrical resistance layer is a film or a thin sheet of an electrically conductive material, in particular based on a metal such as copper, nickel, aluminum or an alloy of metals such as bronze, brass, Constantan R.
  • the metal conductive foil may have on at least one of its two faces a structured surface obtained for example by rolling in a calender with structured surface rollers or a rough surface obtained for example by sanding or abrasive treatment.
  • the conductive metal foil may alternatively be replaced by an electrically conductive fabric or a layer formed of a carpet of electrically conductive fibers.
  • the thickness of the conductive thin film can be calculated according to the conductor and the application envisaged for the heating element, that is to say according to the desired electrical power.
  • the conductive film may be in the form of a serpentine circuit.
  • a serpentine circuit Such a form is obtained for example from a continuous film which is treated in places by chemical etching, using in particular a mixture of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide.
  • the electrical resistance is obtained directly with the desired shape by depositing on the substrate an electrically conductive composition, for example by screen printing, or by electrostatic spraying using a stencil.
  • the electrical resistance layer merges with the binder layer which for this purpose is highly charged with particles in the form of powder or fibers of electrically conductive material, for example metal particles or coated particles. metal, or graphite.
  • the heating element according to the invention generally further comprises an electrical insulating coating covering the electrical resistance layer.
  • This coating is for example a second substrate of the type of the first substrate described above, which can adhere to the electrical resistance layer via another adhesive layer. substrate described above, which can adhere to the electrical resistance layer via another adhesive layer.
  • composition of the heating element from thin layers gives it a low thickness, which results in a very low thermal inertia.
  • the invention also relates to a method for the manufacture of the heating element.
  • the substrate, the binder and the electrically conductive layer used are chosen from the products described above.
  • binder solution or dispersion makes it possible to obtain thin layers and, nevertheless, a very good adhesion between the elements of the laminate, and which is preserved in time and in the most extreme conditions of use.
  • the substrate 1 serving as a support is a sheet formed from a glass cloth impregnated with PTFE 80 ⁇ m thick. On this substrate, is deposited by the coating technique using a doctor blade or a pencil, a layer 2 of PFA dispersed in water.
  • a metal sheet 4 of 50 microns thick Constantan R is deposited on this layer 3 and these elements are assembled by pressing between the plates of a press, under a pressure of 40 bar at 350 ° C for a few minutes.
  • the assembly After having protected with a silkscreen varnish the parts of the metal sheet intended to form the electrical resistance, the assembly is treated with a mixture of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide in order to obtain the desired shape for the heating resistor. by chemical etching. A prelaminated element 5 is obtained. Next, a second substrate 6 coated with a binder layer 7, obtained, as in the case of the preceding coated substrate, with the prelaminated element 5 is assembled under the same conditions as above.
  • a thin heating element 8 is obtained which can be cut to the desired dimensions and can be used in various applications. Alternatively, the cut can be made at the level of the prefabricated element, the coating by the second substrate operating on the cut prefabricated elements.
  • the substrate 9 serving as support may be the same as that described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • a dispersion containing PFA and electrically conductive metal particles is deposited by coating.
  • the content of metal particles is determined so as to have continuous electrical contact in the coating layer 11 formed on the substrate after drying. This content depends in particular on the size and shape of the metal particles.
  • the conductive coating layer 11 is then chemically etched and a prelaminated element 12 is obtained.
  • This prelaminated element 12 is then assembled with a second substrate 13 coated in this example with the layer 14 of PFA-based binder.
  • a thin heating element 15 is obtained which can be cut to the desired dimensions.
  • the cutting takes place at the level of the prefabricated elements (prelaminated).
  • the heating element according to the invention can be used both in domestic applications and in industrial applications which require the use of heating elements of small thickness and low thermal inertia. Several heating elements can be used in combination.
  • the heating element can also be used with advantage in aggressive environments such as treatment baths.
  • the heating element can be more or less flexible depending on the conductive layers and applications envisaged.
  • the heating element can be used in a flat or thermoformed form especially when it comes to stiffening it. It can still be used thanks to its thin thickness in the form of ribbon wound for example around tubes. It may also possibly be provided with an adhesive layer so as to ensure the connection with the object to be heated.
  • the heating element according to the invention may also be provided with a flat thermocouple-shaped thermostat placed in an adhesive layer adjacent to a substrate.
  • An embodiment of such a heating element is shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • This heating element 16 comprises a first substrate 17, an adhesive layer 18 containing the heating resistor 19, a second substrate 20, a second adhesive layer 21 containing a thermocouple 22 and a third substrate 23.
  • the proximity of the thermocouple 22 of the heating resistor allows a very fast temperature regulation.
  • FIG. 5 shows an application that uses several heating elements according to the invention.
  • three heating elements 24, 25, 26 are disposed in the sole 27 of an iron.
  • These three heating elements may have the same electrical resistivity or alternatively different resistivities constant or variable depending on the temperature.
  • Each heating element corresponds to a heating zone which can optionally be controlled separately by a thermostat or alternatively by the resistant layer itself. This arrangement in combination allows a very good control of the temperature of the sole whatever ultimately the ironing method used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/IB96/00390 Sec. 371 Date Feb. 19, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Feb. 19, 1998 PCT Filed Apr. 30, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO96/35317 PCT Pub. Date Nov. 7, 1996A heating element includes at least one substrate, at least one electrical resistance layer, and a binder configured to bind the electrical resistance layer to the substrate, wherein the binder has a melting temperature greater than an operating temperature of the heating element and includes a perfluorinated polymer.

Description

La présente invention concerne un nouvel élément de chauffage électrique en forme de film ou feuille mince à structure feuilletée comprenant au moins une couche conductrice de l'électricité, un liant et au moins un substrat.The present invention relates to a novel electric heating element in the form of a film or thin sheet with a laminated structure comprising at least one electrically conductive layer, a binder and at least one substrate.

Des éléments de chauffage électrique utilisés dans les applications ménagères telles que fers à repasser, grils etc... sont formés de fils de résistance noyés dans un matériau céramique isolant, lui-même placé dans une enveloppe métallique. Un inconvénient de ce type d'élément de chauffage électrique est son inertie thermique. Un autre inconvénient est qu'il ne se prête pas à des contours complexes.Electric heating elements used in household applications such as irons, grills etc ... are formed of resistance son embedded in an insulating ceramic material, itself placed in a metal casing. A disadvantage of this type of electric heating element is its thermal inertia. Another disadvantage is that it does not lend itself to complex contours.

En outre son épaisseur est importante et les ustensiles qui l'utilisent sont volumineux.In addition, its thickness is important and the utensils that use it are bulky.

Le document GB-A-1085 784 décrit un élément chauffant dans lequel une résistance électrique fine est prise en sandwich entre deux couches d'isolant électrique, jointes hermétiquement tout autour de la résistance.GB-A-1085 784 discloses a heating element in which a thin electrical resistance is sandwiched between two layers of electrical insulation, hermetically sealed all around the resistor.

On connaît aussi des éléments de chauffage électrique en forme de feuilles à plusieurs couches : une couche conductrice de l'électricité formée d'un film métallique fin, collé sur un substrat par l'intermédiaire d'une couche adhésive hot-melt devant résister à la chaleur. Des couches hot-melt convenables sont des films extrudés d'épaisseur généralement supérieure à 20 µm.Also known are multi-layer sheet-shaped electrical heating elements: an electrically conductive layer formed of a thin metal film, bonded to a substrate by means of a hot-melt adhesive layer to withstand the heat. Suitable hot-melt layers are extruded films with a thickness generally greater than 20 μm.

Un inconvénient de cet élément chauffant est la faible conductivité du film hot-melt. Cette faible conductivité ne peut en outre être améliorée sensiblement par l'incorporation de charges conductrices de la chaleur dans la couche extrudée.A disadvantage of this heating element is the low conductivity of the hot-melt film. This low conductivity can not be substantially improved by the incorporation of heat conducting charges in the extruded layer.

L'invention obvie aux inconvénients cités.The invention obviates the disadvantages mentioned.

Elle propose un élément chauffant en forme de film mince, à faible inertie thermique et dont la fabrication est simplifiée.It proposes a heating element in the form of a thin film, with low thermal inertia and whose manufacture is simplified.

L'élément chauffant selon l'invention comprend au moins un substrat et au moins une couche de résistance électrique adhérant au substrat par un liant formé à partir d'une dispersion ou solution ou poudre déposée directement sur le substrat.The heating element according to the invention comprises at least one substrate and at least one electrical resistance layer adhering to the substrate by a binder formed from a dispersion or solution or powder deposited directly on the substrate.

Le liant selon l'invention peut être choisi parmi des dispersions ou des solutions ou des poudres d'au moins un polymère (ou copolymère), dont la température de fusion est supérieure à la température de fonctionnement de l'élément chauffant et qui peuvent être déposés sur un substrat, le cas échéant sous une faible épaisseur. De préférence, le polymère est choisi parmi les polymères perfluorés, notamment le perfluoro-alkoxy-alcane (PFA), le MFA, le polytétrafluoroéthylène (PTFE).The binder according to the invention may be chosen from dispersions or solutions or powders of at least one polymer (or copolymer), whose melting temperature is greater than the operating temperature of the heating element and which may be deposited on a substrate, if necessary in a small thickness. Preferably, the polymer is chosen from perfluorinated polymers, in particular perfluoroalkoxyalkane (PFA), MFA and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

Sous un aspect de l'invention, on choisit une dispersion ou solution d'au moins un des polymères cités ci-dessus et qui peut être fortement chargée le cas échéant par des charges conductrices de la chaleur et isolant électriquement, par exemple l'oxyde d'aluminium Al2O3, le carbure de silicium SiC, le mica, la poudre de verre.In one aspect of the invention, a dispersion or solution of at least one of the abovementioned polymers is chosen and which can be strongly charged, if appropriate, with electrically conductive and electrically insulating fillers, for example oxide. aluminum Al 2 O 3 , silicon carbide SiC, mica, glass powder.

Le substrat selon l'invention qui a notamment une fonction mécanique de support pour l'élément chauffant, ainsi qu'une fonction d'isolant électrique, peut être toute feuille sélectionnée selon l'application envisagée pour l'élément chauffant. Cette feuille peut être à base d'une matière thermoplastique ou thermodurcissable ou d'une matière cellulosique, ou un tissu ou voile de verre imprégné ou non, à base de fibres céramiques, ou encore une feuille extrudée ou déroulée. La matière thermoplastique ou thermodurcissable est choisie notamment parmi le polytétrafluoroéthylène (PTFE), le perfluoro-alkoxy-alcane (PFA), le MFA, le perfluoro (éthylène-propylène) (FEP), l'éthylène-tétrafluoroéthylène (ETFE), le fluorure de poly(vinylidène) (PVDF), le polyéthylène téréphtalate (PET), le polyimide (KAPTON).The substrate according to the invention, which in particular has a mechanical support function for the heating element, as well as an electrical insulation function, may be any sheet selected according to the application envisaged for the heating element. This sheet may be based on a thermoplastic or thermosetting material or a cellulosic material, or a fabric or glass cloth impregnated or not, based on ceramic fibers, or an extruded sheet or unwound. The thermoplastic or thermosetting material is chosen in particular from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), perfluoroalkoxyalkane (PFA), MFA, perfluoro (ethylene-propylene) (FEP), ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), fluoride poly (vinylidene) (PVDF), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (KAPTON).

Le substrat présente une épaisseur généralement comprise entre 20 µm et 500 µm ou plus le cas échéant, selon l'application.The substrate has a thickness generally between 20 microns and 500 microns or more, as the case may be, depending on the application.

Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, la couche de résistance électrique est un film ou une feuille mince d'un matériau conducteur de l'électricité, notamment à base d'un métal tel du cuivre, du nickel, de l'aluminium ou d'un alliage de métaux tel le bronze, le laiton, le Constantan R.According to one embodiment of the invention, the electrical resistance layer is a film or a thin sheet of an electrically conductive material, in particular based on a metal such as copper, nickel, aluminum or an alloy of metals such as bronze, brass, Constantan R.

En vue notamment d'améliorer l'adhésion de la feuille mince conductrice métallique, celle-ci peut présenter sur au moins une de ses deux faces une surface structurée obtenue par exemple par laminage dans une calandreuse munie de rouleaux à surface structurée ou une surface rugueuse obtenue par exemple par un sablage ou un traitement abrasif.In particular with a view to improving the adhesion of the metal conductive foil, it may have on at least one of its two faces a structured surface obtained for example by rolling in a calender with structured surface rollers or a rough surface obtained for example by sanding or abrasive treatment.

La feuille métallique conductrice peut en variante être remplacée par un tissu conducteur de l'électricité ou par une couche formée d'un tapis de fibres conductrices de l'électricité.The conductive metal foil may alternatively be replaced by an electrically conductive fabric or a layer formed of a carpet of electrically conductive fibers.

L'épaisseur du film mince conducteur peut être calculée selon le conducteur et l'application envisagée pour l'élément chauffant, c'est-à-dire selon la puissance électrique désirée.The thickness of the conductive thin film can be calculated according to the conductor and the application envisaged for the heating element, that is to say according to the desired electrical power.

Selon l'application le film conducteur peut avoir la forme d'un circuit en serpentin. Une telle forme s'obtient par exemple à partir d'un film continu que l'on traite par endroits par gravure chimique, à l'aide notamment d'un mélange d'acide chlorhydrique et d'eau oxygénée.Depending on the application, the conductive film may be in the form of a serpentine circuit. Such a form is obtained for example from a continuous film which is treated in places by chemical etching, using in particular a mixture of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide.

Selon une variante de l'invention, la résistance électrique est obtenue directement avec la forme désirée par dépôt sur le substrat d'une composition électriquement conductrice, par exemple par sérigraphie, ou par pulvérisation électrostatique avec utilisation d'un pochoir.According to a variant of the invention, the electrical resistance is obtained directly with the desired shape by depositing on the substrate an electrically conductive composition, for example by screen printing, or by electrostatic spraying using a stencil.

Selon une autre variante de l'invention, la couche de résistance électrique se confond avec la couche de liant qui à cette fin est chargée fortement en particules sous forme de poudre ou fibres de matériau électriquement conducteur, par exemple des particules métalliques ou des particules revêtues de métal, ou encore en graphite.According to another variant of the invention, the electrical resistance layer merges with the binder layer which for this purpose is highly charged with particles in the form of powder or fibers of electrically conductive material, for example metal particles or coated particles. metal, or graphite.

L'élément chauffant selon l'invention comprend généralement en outre un revêtement isolant électrique recouvrant la couche de résistance électrique. Ce revêtement est par exemple un second substrat du type du premier substrat décrit précédemment, pouvant adhérer sur la couche de résistance électrique par l'intermédiaire d'une autre couche adhésive. substrat décrit précédemment, pouvant adhérer sur la couche de résistance électrique par l'intermédiaire d'une autre couche adhésive.The heating element according to the invention generally further comprises an electrical insulating coating covering the electrical resistance layer. This coating is for example a second substrate of the type of the first substrate described above, which can adhere to the electrical resistance layer via another adhesive layer. substrate described above, which can adhere to the electrical resistance layer via another adhesive layer.

La composition de l'élément chauffant à partir de couches minces lui procure une épaisseur faible, ce qui se traduit par une inertie thermique très réduite.The composition of the heating element from thin layers gives it a low thickness, which results in a very low thermal inertia.

L'invention concerne aussi un procédé pour la fabrication de l'élément chauffant. Dans ce procédé, le substrat, le liant et la couche électriquement conductrices utilisés sont choisis parmi les produits décrits précédemment.The invention also relates to a method for the manufacture of the heating element. In this process, the substrate, the binder and the electrically conductive layer used are chosen from the products described above.

Le procédé utilise les étapes suivantes :

  • on prépare le substrat devant servir de support, au moins intermédiaire, pour la réalisation de l'élément chauffant,
  • sur le substrat on dépose le liant à partir d'une dispersion ou solution ou une poudre de ce liant,
  • après séchage éventuel, on assemble par pressage par exemple par pressage entre les plateaux d'une presse ou par calandrage entre des rouleaux, la couche conductrice qui se présente notamment sous la forme d'un film métallique, avec le substrat revêtu du liant,
  • on traite chimiquement la couche conductrice, notamment par une gravure chimique, afin de donner à cette couche la forme désirée pour la résistance électrique,
  • on obtient un élément prélaminé,
  • on assemble par pressage un second substrat revêtu d'une couche de liant avec l'élément prélaminé en plaçant la couche de liant du second substrat en contact avec la couche conductrice,
  • on obtient finalement l'élément chauffant à structure feuilletée, de faible épaisseur et à faible inertie thermique.
The method uses the following steps:
  • the substrate is prepared to serve as a support, at least intermediate, for the production of the heating element,
  • on the substrate, the binder is deposited from a dispersion or solution or a powder of this binder,
  • after possible drying, pressing is carried out, for example by pressing between the plates of a press or by calendering between rolls, the conductive layer, which is in particular in the form of a metal film, with the substrate coated with the binder,
  • the conductive layer is chemically treated, in particular by chemical etching, in order to give this layer the desired shape for the electrical resistance,
  • we obtain a prelaminated element,
  • pressing a second substrate coated with a binder layer with the prelaminated element by placing the binder layer of the second substrate in contact with the conductive layer,
  • finally, the heating element with laminated structure, thin and low thermal inertia.

L'utilisation d'une solution ou dispersion de liant permet d'obtenir des couches fines et, néanmoins, une très bonne adhésion entre les éléments du feuilleté, et qui se conserve dans le temps et dans les conditions d'usage les plus extrêmes.The use of a binder solution or dispersion makes it possible to obtain thin layers and, nevertheless, a very good adhesion between the elements of the laminate, and which is preserved in time and in the most extreme conditions of use.

Lorsque l'élément chauffant utilise en tant que couche de résistance électrique chauffante une résistance obtenue par dépôt direct d'une composition conductrice par sérigraphie ou pulvérisation utilisant un pochoir, le procédé de fabrication utilise les opérations suivantes :

  • on dépose sur le substrat préparé à l'aide d'un écran de sérigraphie ou d'un pochoir la composition conductrice de l'électricité,
  • on sèche la couche déposée,
  • on assemble par pressage un second substrat revêtu d'une couche de liant avec le substrat revêtu de la résistance chauffante. La résistance électrique est finalement enrobée dans la couche de liant du second substrat.
When the heating element uses as a heating electric resistance layer a resistance obtained by direct deposition of a conductive composition by screen printing or spraying using a stencil, the manufacturing method uses the following operations:
  • the electrically conductive composition is deposited on the substrate prepared using a screen-printing screen or a stencil;
  • the deposited layer is dried,
  • a second substrate coated with a binder layer is pressed together with the substrate coated with the heating resistor. The electrical resistance is finally embedded in the binder layer of the second substrate.

Lorsque l'élément chauffant utilise en tant que couche de résistance électrique chauffante une couche obtenue à partir de particules conductrices dispersées dans le liant, le procédé de fabrication peut alors utiliser les opérations suivantes :

  • on dépose sur le substrat préparé une dispersion du liant et des particules conductrices de l'électricité,
  • après séchage éventuel de la couche déposée, on traite chimiquement cette couche contenant les particules métalliques de manière à lui donner la forme désirée pour la résistance électrique,
  • on assemble par pressage un second substrat revêtu d'une couche de liant avec le substrat revêtu de la résistance électrique préparé précédemment.
When the heating element uses as a heating electric resistance layer a layer obtained from conductive particles dispersed in the binder, the manufacturing process can then use the following operations:
  • depositing on the substrate prepared a dispersion of the binder and electrically conductive particles,
  • after optional drying of the deposited layer, this layer containing the metal particles is treated chemically so as to give it the desired shape for the electrical resistance,
  • a second substrate coated with a binder layer is pressed together with the substrate coated with the previously prepared electrical resistor.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaitront dans les exemples suivants décrits en relation avec les figures.

  • La figure 1 représente les différents stades de la fabrication d'un exemple d'un élément chauffant selon l'invention utilisant un film métallique en tant que résistance électrique chauffante.
  • La figure 2 représente les différents stades de la fabrication d'un exemple d'un élément chauffant selon l'invention utilisant une couche à base de particules métalliques en tant que résistance électrique chauffante.
  • Les figures 3 et 4 représentent un élément chauffant selon l'invention muni d'un thermostat.
  • La figure 5 représente une application pour des éléments chauffants selon l'invention.
Other features and advantages of the invention will appear in the following examples described with reference to the figures.
  • Figure 1 shows the different stages of manufacture of an example of a heating element according to the invention using a metal film as a heating electric resistance.
  • FIG. 2 represents the different stages of the manufacture of an example of a heating element according to the invention using a layer based on metal particles as a heating electric resistance.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show a heating element according to the invention provided with a thermostat.
  • Figure 5 shows an application for heating elements according to the invention.

Sur la figure 1, le substrat 1 servant de support est une feuille formée à partir d'un tissu de verre imprégné de PTFE de 80 µm d'épaisseur. Sur ce substrat, on dépose par la technique d'enduction à l'aide d'une racle ou d'un crayon, une couche 2 de PFA en dispersion dans l'eau.In FIG. 1, the substrate 1 serving as a support is a sheet formed from a glass cloth impregnated with PTFE 80 μm thick. On this substrate, is deposited by the coating technique using a doctor blade or a pencil, a layer 2 of PFA dispersed in water.

Après séchage à une température de 350°C, on obtient une couche de 10 µm d'épaisseur environ.After drying at a temperature of 350 ° C., a layer approximately 10 μm thick is obtained.

Sur cette couche 3 on dépose une feuille métallique 4 de 50 µm d'épaisseur en Constantan R et on assemble ces éléments par pressage entre les plateaux d'une presse, sous une pression de 40 bars à 350°C durant quelques minutes.On this layer 3 is deposited a metal sheet 4 of 50 microns thick Constantan R and these elements are assembled by pressing between the plates of a press, under a pressure of 40 bar at 350 ° C for a few minutes.

Après avoir protégé par un vernis déposé par sérigraphie les parties de la feuille métallique destinées à former la résistance électrique, on traite l'assemblage avec un mélange d'acide chlorhydrique et d'eau oxygénée afin d'obtenir la forme désirée pour la résistance chauffante par gravure chimique. On obtient un élément prélaminé 5. On assemble ensuite par pressage dans les mêmes conditions que précédemment un second substrat 6 revêtu d'une couche de liant 7, obtenu comme dans le cas du précédent substrat revêtu, avec l'élément prélaminé 5.After having protected with a silkscreen varnish the parts of the metal sheet intended to form the electrical resistance, the assembly is treated with a mixture of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide in order to obtain the desired shape for the heating resistor. by chemical etching. A prelaminated element 5 is obtained. Next, a second substrate 6 coated with a binder layer 7, obtained, as in the case of the preceding coated substrate, with the prelaminated element 5 is assembled under the same conditions as above.

On obtient finalement un élément chauffant mince 8 que l'on peut découper aux dimensions désirées et pouvant être utilisé dans diverses applications. En variante, la découpe peut être réalisée au niveau de l'élément préfabriqué, le revêtement par le second substrat s'opérant sur les éléments préfabriqués découpés.Finally, a thin heating element 8 is obtained which can be cut to the desired dimensions and can be used in various applications. Alternatively, the cut can be made at the level of the prefabricated element, the coating by the second substrate operating on the cut prefabricated elements.

Sur la figure 2, le substrat 9 servant de support peut être le même que celui décrit en relation avec la figure 1.In FIG. 2, the substrate 9 serving as support may be the same as that described with reference to FIG. 1.

Sur ce substrat à base de PTFE, on dépose par enduction une dispersion 10 contenant du PFA et des particules métalliques conductrices de l'électricité.On this PTFE-based substrate, a dispersion containing PFA and electrically conductive metal particles is deposited by coating.

La teneur en particules métalliques est déterminée de manière à avoir un contact électrique continu dans la couche de revêtement 11 formée sur le substrat après séchage. Cette teneur dépend notamment des dimensions et de la forme des particules métalliques.The content of metal particles is determined so as to have continuous electrical contact in the coating layer 11 formed on the substrate after drying. This content depends in particular on the size and shape of the metal particles.

On procéde ensuite à la gravure chimique de la couche de revêtement conductrice 11 et on obtient un élément prélaminé 12.The conductive coating layer 11 is then chemically etched and a prelaminated element 12 is obtained.

On assemble ensuite cet élément prélaminé 12 avec un second substrat 13 revêtu dans cet exemple de la couche 14 de liant à base de PFA.This prelaminated element 12 is then assembled with a second substrate 13 coated in this example with the layer 14 of PFA-based binder.

On obtient un élément chauffant mince 15 qui peut être découpé aux dimensions désirées. En variante, la découpe s'opère au niveau des éléments préfabriqués (prélaminés).A thin heating element 15 is obtained which can be cut to the desired dimensions. In a variant, the cutting takes place at the level of the prefabricated elements (prelaminated).

L'élément chauffant selon l'invention peut être utilisé aussi bien dans des applications ménagères que dans des applications industrielles qui nécessitent l'utilisation d'éléments chauffants de faible épaisseur et de faible inertie thermique. Plusieurs éléments chauffants peuvent être utilisés en combinaison.The heating element according to the invention can be used both in domestic applications and in industrial applications which require the use of heating elements of small thickness and low thermal inertia. Several heating elements can be used in combination.

L'élément chauffant peut aussi être utilisé avec avantage dans des milieux agressifs tels que des bains de traitement.The heating element can also be used with advantage in aggressive environments such as treatment baths.

L'élément chauffant peut être plus ou moins flexible selon les couches conductrices et les applications envisagées.The heating element can be more or less flexible depending on the conductive layers and applications envisaged.

L'élément chauffant peut être utilisé sous une forme plane ou thermoformée notamment lorsqu'il s'agit de le rigidifier. Il peut encore être utilisé grâce à sa fine épaisseur sous forme de ruban enroulé par exemple autour de tubes. Il peut aussi éventuellement être pourvu d'une couche adhésive de manière à assurer la liaison avec l'objet à chauffer.The heating element can be used in a flat or thermoformed form especially when it comes to stiffening it. It can still be used thanks to its thin thickness in the form of ribbon wound for example around tubes. It may also possibly be provided with an adhesive layer so as to ensure the connection with the object to be heated.

L'élément chauffant selon l'invention peut aussi être muni d'un thermostat en forme de thermocouple plat placé dans une couche adhésive adjacente à un substrat. Une réalisation d'un tel élément chauffant est représentée schématiquement sur les figures 3 et 4. Cet élément chauffant 16 comprend un premier substrat 17, une couche adhésive 18 contenant la résistance chauffante 19, un second substrat 20, une seconde couche adhésive 21 contenant un thermocouple 22 et un troisième substrat 23. La proximité du thermocouple 22 de la résistance chauffante permet une régulation très rapide de la température.The heating element according to the invention may also be provided with a flat thermocouple-shaped thermostat placed in an adhesive layer adjacent to a substrate. An embodiment of such a heating element is shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 3 and 4. This heating element 16 comprises a first substrate 17, an adhesive layer 18 containing the heating resistor 19, a second substrate 20, a second adhesive layer 21 containing a thermocouple 22 and a third substrate 23. The proximity of the thermocouple 22 of the heating resistor allows a very fast temperature regulation.

Sur la figure 5 est représentée une application qui utilise plusieurs éléments chauffants selon l'invention. Ainsi, trois éléments chauffants 24, 25, 26 sont disposés dans la semelle 27 d'un fer à repasser. Ces trois éléments chauffants peuvent présenter la même résistivité électrique ou en variante des résistivités différentes constantes ou variables en fonction de la température. Chaque élément chauffant correspond à une zone de chauffage qui peut le cas échéant être contrôlée séparément par un thermostat ou en variante par la couche résistante elle-même. Cette disposition en combinaison permet un très bon contrôle de la température de la semelle quelque soit finalement la méthode de repassage utilisée.FIG. 5 shows an application that uses several heating elements according to the invention. Thus, three heating elements 24, 25, 26 are disposed in the sole 27 of an iron. These three heating elements may have the same electrical resistivity or alternatively different resistivities constant or variable depending on the temperature. Each heating element corresponds to a heating zone which can optionally be controlled separately by a thermostat or alternatively by the resistant layer itself. This arrangement in combination allows a very good control of the temperature of the sole whatever ultimately the ironing method used.

Claims (14)

  1. Thin heating element (8; 15; 16) comprising at least one substrate (1, 6; 9,5 13; 17, 20, 23) and at least one electrical resistance layer (4; 11; 19), characterized in that at least one electrical resistance layer (4; 11; 19) adheres to the substrate via a binder (3; 11; 18,21} formed from a dispersion, solution or powder of at least one polymer whose melting temperature is greater than the operating temperature of the heating element and which can be deposited on the substrate in a thin film.
  2. Heating element according to Claim 1,characterized in that the binder is based on a perfluorinated polymer.
  3. Heating element according to Claim 2, characterized in that the perfluorinated polymer is selected from PFA, MFA and PTFE.
  4. Heating element according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the substrate is a web or fabric impregnated with a perfluorinated polymer.
  5. Heating element according to Claim 4, characterized in that the perfluorinated polymer is PTFE.
  6. Heating element according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the electrical resistance layer is based on a metal sheet.
  7. Heating element according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the electrical resistance layer is based on electrically conductive particles dispersed in a binder.
  8. Heating element according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the electrical resistance layer is obtained directly with the desired shape by depositing an electrically conductive composition, in particular by screen printing.
  9. Heating element according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it is fitted with a thermostat (22)
  10. Process for the manufacture of a heating element according to one of Claims 1 to 6, in which at least one said electrical resistance layer (4; 11; 19) being then assembled with at least one said substrate (1, 6, 9, 13, 17, 20, 23) characterized by the following steps:
    - the substrate(1, 9) to be used as a support for producing the heating element is prepared,
    - the binder (3) is deposited on the substrate (1) from the said dispersion (2), or the said solution or the said powder,
    - after optional drying, the conductive layer of electrical resistor (4) is assembled with the substrate (1) by pressure,
    - the layer of electrical resistor is chemically treated in order to give it the desired shape for the layer electrical resistor (4) and a prelaminated element is obtained
    - a second substrate (6), coated with a layer of binder (7), is assembled with the prelaminated (5),
    - the heating element (8) with laminated structure is obtained.
  11. Process for the manufacture of a heating element according to Claim 7, characterized in that a dispersion (10) of the binder and the electrically conductive particles is deposited on the said substrate (9) and the layer of electrical resistor is obtained:
    - the layer of electrical resistor (4) is chemically treated so as to give it the desired shape,
    - a second substrate (13), coated with a layer of binder (14), is assembled with the preceding substrate (9) by rolling.
  12. Process for the manufacture of a heating element according to Claim 8, characterized in that
    - a conductive composition is deposited on said substrate (9), in particular by screen printing, and a second substrate, coated with a layer of binder, is assembled with the preceding substrate by pressure.
  13. Application of the heating element according to one of Claims 1 to 9 to a household appliance.
  14. Application of the heating element according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it uses a plurality of heating elements (24, 25, 26) in combination.
EP96910147A 1995-05-04 1996-04-30 Heating element, fabrication process and application Expired - Lifetime EP0824847B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9505329 1995-05-04
FR9505329A FR2733871B1 (en) 1995-05-04 1995-05-04 HEATING ELEMENT, MANUFACTURING METHOD AND APPLICATION
PCT/IB1996/000390 WO1996035317A1 (en) 1995-05-04 1996-04-30 Heating element, fabrication process and application

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0824847A1 EP0824847A1 (en) 1998-02-25
EP0824847B1 true EP0824847B1 (en) 2006-08-23

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EP (1) EP0824847B1 (en)
JP (2) JPH11505060A (en)
AT (1) ATE337693T1 (en)
AU (1) AU5344596A (en)
CA (1) CA2220001A1 (en)
DE (1) DE69636473T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2733871B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1996035317A1 (en)

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WO1996035317A1 (en) 1996-11-07
AU5344596A (en) 1996-11-21
DE69636473D1 (en) 2006-10-05
JP2007115702A (en) 2007-05-10
CA2220001A1 (en) 1996-11-07
EP0824847A1 (en) 1998-02-25
JPH11505060A (en) 1999-05-11
DE69636473T2 (en) 2007-08-23
FR2733871B1 (en) 1997-06-06
US6054690A (en) 2000-04-25
FR2733871A1 (en) 1996-11-08
ATE337693T1 (en) 2006-09-15

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