EP0822246A2 - Lubricating oil composition - Google Patents
Lubricating oil composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0822246A2 EP0822246A2 EP97305728A EP97305728A EP0822246A2 EP 0822246 A2 EP0822246 A2 EP 0822246A2 EP 97305728 A EP97305728 A EP 97305728A EP 97305728 A EP97305728 A EP 97305728A EP 0822246 A2 EP0822246 A2 EP 0822246A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- lubricating oil
- ppm
- proportion
- friction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 24
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 29
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 22
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 20
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- -1 fatty acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- GUUVPOWQJOLRAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diphenyl disulfide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1SSC1=CC=CC=C1 GUUVPOWQJOLRAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000010913 used oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- SHMVRUMGFMGYGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mo].S=O Chemical compound [Mo].S=O SHMVRUMGFMGYGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol Natural products OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- GVPWHKZIJBODOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl disulfide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CSSCC1=CC=CC=C1 GVPWHKZIJBODOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1SC1=CC=CC=C1 LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ALVPFGSHPUPROW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl disulfide Chemical compound CCCSSCCC ALVPFGSHPUPROW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002019 disulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 244000144993 groups of animals Species 0.000 description 4
- 125000004492 methyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamodithioic acid Chemical compound NC(S)=S DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002960 margaryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 3
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 3
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;dioxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- AROCLDYPZXMJPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(octyldisulfanyl)octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCSSCCCCCCCC AROCLDYPZXMJPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CETBSQOFQKLHHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl disulfide Chemical compound CCSSCC CETBSQOFQKLHHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl sulfide Chemical compound CSC QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HPEUJPJOZXNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl stearate Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC HPEUJPJOZXNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001204 arachidyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1 WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- YSQZSPCQDXHJDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-n-pentyl disulfide Natural products CCCCCSSCCCCC YSQZSPCQDXHJDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl disulfide Chemical compound CSSC WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N methyl oleate Chemical group CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BCBHLWYLGWJAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+) sulfur monoxide tetracarbamodithioate Chemical class [Mo+4].S=O.NC([S-])=S.NC([S-])=S.NC([S-])=S.NC([S-])=S BCBHLWYLGWJAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+) tetracarbamodithioate Chemical compound C(N)([S-])=S.[Mo+4].C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001196 nonadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N triolein Chemical group CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WYHWGJJOJLOJSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (phenyltrisulfanyl)benzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1SSSC1=CC=CC=C1 WYHWGJJOJLOJSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IDJPKRIELSFBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(decyldisulfanyl)decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCSSCCCCCCCCCC IDJPKRIELSFBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBWMRCVCQFLOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(hexadecyldisulfanyl)hexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCSSCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC GUBWMRCVCQFLOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJPDBURPGLWRPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(hexyldisulfanyl)hexane Chemical compound CCCCCCSSCCCCCC GJPDBURPGLWRPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQQKTNDBASEZSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(octadecyldisulfanyl)octadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCSSCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC MQQKTNDBASEZSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYVIBJKOSSAQLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(tridecyldisulfanyl)tridecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCSSCCCCCCCCCCCCC QYVIBJKOSSAQLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthylamine Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(N)=CC=CC2=C1 RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSDOGTIHAHFYEX-UHFFFAOYSA-J 2-ethylhexoxy-oxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-lambda5-phosphane molybdenum(4+) sulfur monoxide Chemical compound C(C)C(COP([O-])(=S)[S-])CCCC.O=S.[Mo+4].C(C)C(COP([O-])(=S)[S-])CCCC WSDOGTIHAHFYEX-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- OHKYIUYPQIFGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-oxopropanenitrile Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C(=O)CC#N)=C1OC OHKYIUYPQIFGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MDWVSAYEQPLWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 MDWVSAYEQPLWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPZYHXJABUOTCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J C(=CCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-].O=S.[Mo+4].C(=CCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-] Chemical compound C(=CCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-].O=S.[Mo+4].C(=CCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-] PPZYHXJABUOTCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- DQRDXNNSPSNGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-J C(C(C)C)NC([S-])=S.O=S.[Mo+4].C(C(C)C)NC([S-])=S.C(C(C)C)NC([S-])=S.C(C(C)C)NC([S-])=S Chemical compound C(C(C)C)NC([S-])=S.O=S.[Mo+4].C(C(C)C)NC([S-])=S.C(C(C)C)NC([S-])=S.C(C(C)C)NC([S-])=S DQRDXNNSPSNGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- WVJDPQKOOLVRJL-UHFFFAOYSA-J C(C)(C)NC([S-])=S.O=S.[Mo+4].C(C)(C)NC([S-])=S.C(C)(C)NC([S-])=S.C(C)(C)NC([S-])=S Chemical compound C(C)(C)NC([S-])=S.O=S.[Mo+4].C(C)(C)NC([S-])=S.C(C)(C)NC([S-])=S.C(C)(C)NC([S-])=S WVJDPQKOOLVRJL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- GQTSPYQKLKNYGK-UHFFFAOYSA-J C(CC(C)C)NC([S-])=S.O=S.[Mo+4].C(CC(C)C)NC([S-])=S.C(CC(C)C)NC([S-])=S.C(CC(C)C)NC([S-])=S Chemical compound C(CC(C)C)NC([S-])=S.O=S.[Mo+4].C(CC(C)C)NC([S-])=S.C(CC(C)C)NC([S-])=S.C(CC(C)C)NC([S-])=S GQTSPYQKLKNYGK-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- DOQNYPIPOJEYML-UHFFFAOYSA-J C(CC)C(CNC([S-])=S)CCC.O=S.[Mo+4].C(CC)C(CNC([S-])=S)CCC.C(CC)C(CNC([S-])=S)CCC.C(CC)C(CNC([S-])=S)CCC Chemical compound C(CC)C(CNC([S-])=S)CCC.O=S.[Mo+4].C(CC)C(CNC([S-])=S)CCC.C(CC)C(CNC([S-])=S)CCC.C(CC)C(CNC([S-])=S)CCC DOQNYPIPOJEYML-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- DCKUABUQYGDNNV-UHFFFAOYSA-J C(CCCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-].O=S.[Mo+4].C(CCCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-] Chemical compound C(CCCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-].O=S.[Mo+4].C(CCCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-] DCKUABUQYGDNNV-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- OCBMOMNSOANUFE-UHFFFAOYSA-J C(CCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.O=S.[Mo+4].C(CCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.C(CCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.C(CCCCCC)NC([S-])=S Chemical compound C(CCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.O=S.[Mo+4].C(CCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.C(CCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.C(CCCCCC)NC([S-])=S OCBMOMNSOANUFE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- DAGUOLAXWRRFDI-UHFFFAOYSA-J C(CCCCCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-].O=S.[Mo+4].C(CCCCCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-] Chemical compound C(CCCCCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-].O=S.[Mo+4].C(CCCCCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-] DAGUOLAXWRRFDI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- BUZJCXRTGDOMDI-UHFFFAOYSA-J C(CCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.O=S.[Mo+4].C(CCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.C(CCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.C(CCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.O=S.[Mo+4].C(CCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.C(CCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.C(CCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S BUZJCXRTGDOMDI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- YAXIHUXKRMYGCH-UHFFFAOYSA-J C(CCCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.O=S.[Mo+4].C(CCCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.C(CCCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.C(CCCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.O=S.[Mo+4].C(CCCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.C(CCCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.C(CCCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S YAXIHUXKRMYGCH-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- XOLLAADSZZBOQE-UHFFFAOYSA-J C(CCCCCCCCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-].O=S.[Mo+4].C(CCCCCCCCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-] Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-].O=S.[Mo+4].C(CCCCCCCCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-] XOLLAADSZZBOQE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- GYZZCCSSHBSJKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-J C(CCCCCCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.O=S.[Mo+4].C(CCCCCCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.C(CCCCCCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.C(CCCCCCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.O=S.[Mo+4].C(CCCCCCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.C(CCCCCCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.C(CCCCCCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S GYZZCCSSHBSJKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- YOQBPRJNXTUENU-UHFFFAOYSA-J C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-].O=S.[Mo+4].C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-] Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-].O=S.[Mo+4].C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-] YOQBPRJNXTUENU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUDSBWGCGSUXDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl disulfide Chemical compound CCCCSSCCCC CUDSBWGCGSUXDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQHWFIOJQSCFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium salicylate Chemical compound [Mg+2].OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O.OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O MQHWFIOJQSCFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UVIPMGGWVCXPKY-UHFFFAOYSA-J N-(2-ethylbutyl)carbamodithioate molybdenum(4+) sulfur monoxide Chemical compound C(C)C(CNC([S-])=S)CC.O=S.[Mo+4].C(C)C(CNC([S-])=S)CC.C(C)C(CNC([S-])=S)CC.C(C)C(CNC([S-])=S)CC UVIPMGGWVCXPKY-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- ALFHYWDKIJFOMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J N-(2-ethylhexyl)carbamodithioate molybdenum(4+) sulfur monoxide Chemical compound C(C)C(CNC([S-])=S)CCCC.O=S.[Mo+4].C(C)C(CNC([S-])=S)CCCC.C(C)C(CNC([S-])=S)CCCC.C(C)C(CNC([S-])=S)CCCC ALFHYWDKIJFOMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- OJSCYJUMFWGJOH-UHFFFAOYSA-J N-(2-methyldodecyl)carbamodithioate molybdenum(4+) sulfur monoxide Chemical compound CC(CNC([S-])=S)CCCCCCCCCC.O=S.[Mo+4].CC(CNC([S-])=S)CCCCCCCCCC.CC(CNC([S-])=S)CCCCCCCCCC.CC(CNC([S-])=S)CCCCCCCCCC OJSCYJUMFWGJOH-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- OVBFWOPOEWPRLS-UHFFFAOYSA-J N-(2-methyloctadecyl)carbamodithioate molybdenum(4+) sulfur monoxide Chemical compound CC(CNC([S-])=S)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.O=S.[Mo+4].CC(CNC([S-])=S)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.CC(CNC([S-])=S)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.CC(CNC([S-])=S)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC OVBFWOPOEWPRLS-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUWDPUIICRKJBC-UHFFFAOYSA-J N-hexadecylcarbamodithioate molybdenum(4+) sulfur monoxide Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.O=S.[Mo+4].C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S AUWDPUIICRKJBC-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- WHLWVHGDFMEZQP-UHFFFAOYSA-J N-hexylcarbamodithioate molybdenum(4+) sulfur monoxide Chemical compound C(CCCCC)NC([S-])=S.O=S.[Mo+4].C(CCCCC)NC([S-])=S.C(CCCCC)NC([S-])=S.C(CCCCC)NC([S-])=S WHLWVHGDFMEZQP-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- LUFPJJNWMYZRQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylsulfanylmethylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CSCC1=CC=CC=C1 LUFPJJNWMYZRQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LEPMXZTWGTZTIB-UHFFFAOYSA-J bis(2-ethylhexoxy)-sulfanylidene-sulfido-lambda5-phosphane molybdenum(4+) sulfur monoxide Chemical compound P(OCC(CCCC)CC)(OCC(CCCC)CC)(=S)[S-].O=S.[Mo+4].C(C)C(COP(OCC(CCCC)CC)(=S)[S-])CCCC.C(C)C(COP(OCC(CCCC)CC)(=S)[S-])CCCC.C(C)C(COP(OCC(CCCC)CC)(=S)[S-])CCCC LEPMXZTWGTZTIB-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 150000001638 boron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical class C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNCZNSNPXMPCGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanediamide Chemical compound NC(=O)CCC(N)=O SNCZNSNPXMPCGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VULUBWFPLUQZFD-UHFFFAOYSA-J butoxy-oxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-lambda5-phosphane molybdenum(4+) sulfur monoxide Chemical compound C(CCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-].O=S.[Mo+4].C(CCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-] VULUBWFPLUQZFD-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AVVIDTZRJBSXML-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;2-carboxyphenolate;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O.OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O AVVIDTZRJBSXML-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZMRQTIAUOLVKOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;diphenoxide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 ZMRQTIAUOLVKOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- FJCJVVNXCKMOOP-UHFFFAOYSA-J dodecoxy-oxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-lambda5-phosphane molybdenum(4+) sulfur monoxide Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-].O=S.[Mo+4].C(CCCCCCCCCCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-] FJCJVVNXCKMOOP-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZQRSQKSUPJBTBT-UHFFFAOYSA-J hexoxy-oxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-lambda5-phosphane molybdenum(4+) sulfur monoxide Chemical compound C(CCCCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-].O=S.[Mo+4].C(CCCCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-] ZQRSQKSUPJBTBT-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940072082 magnesium salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- OZFOEEDAMPGQDB-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+) N-(2-propylhexyl)carbamodithioate sulfur monoxide Chemical compound C(CC)C(CNC([S-])=S)CCCC.O=S.[Mo+4].C(CC)C(CNC([S-])=S)CCCC.C(CC)C(CNC([S-])=S)CCCC.C(CC)C(CNC([S-])=S)CCCC OZFOEEDAMPGQDB-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- PFANWDKTZYAONO-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+) N-octadecylcarbamodithioate sulfur monoxide Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.O=S.[Mo+4].C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S.C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)NC([S-])=S PFANWDKTZYAONO-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- VQQSTIJDDXXQJV-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+) N-pentylcarbamodithioate sulfur monoxide Chemical compound C(CCCC)NC([S-])=S.O=S.[Mo+4].C(CCCC)NC([S-])=S.C(CCCC)NC([S-])=S.C(CCCC)NC([S-])=S VQQSTIJDDXXQJV-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- KEVQPXXSHZXOFA-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+) N-propylcarbamodithioate sulfur monoxide Chemical compound C(CC)NC([S-])=S.O=S.[Mo+4].C(CC)NC([S-])=S.C(CC)NC([S-])=S.C(CC)NC([S-])=S KEVQPXXSHZXOFA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- OKVXVKMNSMHPIP-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+) octoxy-oxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-lambda5-phosphane sulfur monoxide Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-].O=S.[Mo+4].C(CCCCCCC)OP([O-])(=S)[S-] OKVXVKMNSMHPIP-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- WQTUULODGVANME-UHFFFAOYSA-B molybdenum(4+) sulfur monoxide tetrathiophosphate Chemical class P(=S)([O-])([O-])[O-].O=S.[Mo+4].P(=S)([O-])([O-])[O-].P(=S)([O-])([O-])[O-].P(=S)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Mo+4].[Mo+4] WQTUULODGVANME-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N nifuroxazide Chemical group C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)N\N=C\C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)O1 YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical class OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008301 phosphite esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid di-n-butyl ester Natural products CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K thiophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=S RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010698 whale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- MBBWTVUFIXOUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dicarbamodithioate Chemical class [Zn+2].NC([S-])=S.NC([S-])=S MBBWTVUFIXOUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium containing a sulfur-to-oxygen bond
- C10M135/10—Sulfonic acids or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/12—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
- C10M135/14—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/12—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
- C10M135/14—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond
- C10M135/18—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond thiocarbamic type, e.g. containing the groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/20—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
- C10M135/22—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/20—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
- C10M135/22—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M135/26—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing carboxyl groups; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/20—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
- C10M135/28—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/20—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
- C10M135/28—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C10M135/30—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/32—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds
- C10M135/36—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen
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- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
- C10M2219/088—Neutral salts
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- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
- C10M2219/089—Overbased salts
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- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
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- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
- C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
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- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
- C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
- C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
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- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
- C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
- C10M2219/108—Phenothiazine
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- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/041—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/12—Groups 6 or 16
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
- C10N2060/04—Oxidation, e.g. ozonisation
Definitions
- This invention relates to a lubricating oil composition, more specifically to a lubricating oil composition having excellent friction-reducing properties under diverse sliding conditions and permitting retention of such friction-reducing properties over an extended time even in the presence of nitrogen oxide gas, and especially to a lubricating oil composition suitable as a lubricating oil for internal combustion engines.
- lubricating oil is used to smooth their operations.
- lubricating oil for an internal combustion engine is required to provide smooth lubrication primarily on various sliding surfaces of different conditions of piston rings, cylinder liners, bearings for a crankshaft and a connecting rod, valve-operating mechanisms including cams and valve lifters, and the like.
- As a lubricating oil for an internal combustion engine it is considered essential to have friction-reducing properties under diverse sliding conditions.
- a friction modifier As a substantial energy loss takes place at each lubricated friction part in an internal combustion engine, a friction modifier has conventionally been added to a lubricating oil as a measure for reducing the friction loss and improving the gas mileage.
- illustrative friction modifiers organomolybdenum compounds, fatty acid esters, alkylamines and the like are used in general.
- lubricating oil composition making use of an organomolybdenum compound reference may be had, for example, to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (Kokai) No. SHO 59-122597.
- a lubricating oil composition making combined use of (a) molybdenum oxysulfide organophosphorothioate and/or molybdenum dithiocarbamate and (b) zinc dithiophosphate is proposed.
- the lubricating oil composition disclosed in the publications has a low coefficient of friction and exhibits friction-reducing effects in an initial stage of its use, but involves a drawback that its effects can hardly be retained in its use over an extended time, especially in the presence of nitrogen oxide gas.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (Kokai) No. HEI 8-73878 discloses an engine oil composition making combined use of (a) molybdenum dithiocarbamate and (b) zinc dithiophosphate and further (c) an ashless organopolysulfide while claiming that it can retain a low coefficient of friction over an extended time. Nonetheless, this lubricating oil composition is accompanied by a problem that the coefficient of friction becomes higher in a low sliding speed range under reciprocating friction. It is therefore not considered to have quality sufficient for application under various conditions as a lubricating oil for an automotive internal combustion engine in which sliding conditions vary substantially.
- the present invention has as an object thereof the provision of a lubricating oil composition which can maintain friction-reducing properties even when sliding conditions vary substantially in an internal combustion engine and which can retain such friction-reducing properties over an extended time, especially even in the presence of nitrogen oxide gas.
- Figure 1 is a basic schematic diagram of a friction tester employed for the measurement of coefficients of friction of lubricating oil compositions according to the present invention.
- the present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition
- a lubricating oil composition comprising: a lubricating base oil, and an organomolybdenum compound in a proportion of from 100 to 2,000 ppm in terms of molybdenum (Mo) content, an organomonosulfide compound in a proportion of from 80 to 2,000 ppm in terms of sulfur (S) content, and an organopolysulfide compound in a proportion of from 80 to 1,500 ppm in terms of sulfur (S) content.
- Mo molybdenum
- S sulfur
- an organopolysulfide compound in a proportion of from 80 to 1,500 ppm in terms of sulfur (S) content.
- the present invention can provide lubricating compositions obtained by using a mineral oil and/or a synthetic oil as a lubricating base oil and adding thereto the following:
- lubricating base oil for use in the lubricating oil composition according to the present invention. Any one of those conventionally employed as base oils in lubrication oils, for example, any one of mineral-oil-type base oils, synthetic base oils and mixed base oils thereof can be used.
- mineral-oil-type base oils include mineral oils obtained by treating lubricating oil fractions, which are available by vacuum distillation of atmospheric distillation residues of paraffin, neutral or naphthene crude oils, to one or more refining steps such as solvent refining, hydrogenation, hydrogenation refining, catalytic dewaxing, solvent dewaxing, clay treatment and/or the like; mineral oils obtained by subjecting vacuum distillation residues to solvent deasphalting and then treating the deasphalted oils through one or more of the above-described refining steps; mineral oils available by isomerization of wax components; and mixed oils thereof.
- refining steps such as solvent refining, hydrogenation, hydrogenation refining, catalytic dewaxing, solvent dewaxing, clay treatment and/or the like
- an aromatic extraction solvent such as phenol, furfural or N-methyl-pyrrolidone is used, and as a solvent for solvent dewaxing, propane, MEK/toluene or the like is employed.
- illustrative of such synthetic base oils are poly( ⁇ -olefin) oligomers, polybutene, alkylbenzenes, polyol esters such as trimethylolpropane esters and pentaerythritol esters, polyoxyalkylene glycols, polyoxyalkylene glycol esters, polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, dibasic acid esters, phosphate esters, and silicone oils. These base oils can be used either singly or in combination.
- base oils for use in the lubrication oil composition according to the present invention those having a viscosity in a range of from 3 mm 2 /s to 20 mm 2 /s at 100°C are preferred.
- Particularly preferred are hydrocracked oils and wax-isomerized oils, which contain 3 wt% or less of aromatic components (% C A ) and have a sulfur content of 50 ppm or less and a nitrogen content of 50 ppm or less.
- organomolybdenum compound added as a friction modifier in the lubricating oil composition according to the present invention examples include: molybdenum oxysulfide dithiocarbamates (which may be abbreviated as "MoDTC's”) represented by the following formula [I]: and molybdenum oxysulfide phosphorothioates (which may be abbreviated as "MoDTP's”) represented by the following formula [II]:
- R 1 to R 8 may be the same or different and are hydrocarbon groups having 1-30 carbon groups.
- the hydrocarbon groups are linear or branched alkyl groups having 1-30 carbon atoms; alkenyl groups having 2-30 carbon atoms; cycloalkyl groups having 4-30 carbon atoms; aryl groups, alkylaryl group and arylalkyl groups having 6 to 30 carbon groups.
- alkyl groups having 3-20 carbon atoms are preferred.
- Examples include propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl and octadecyl groups, and their corresponding branched alkyl groups.
- Alkyl groups having 4-18 carbon atoms are particularly preferred. Further, alkenyl groups having 4-18 carbon atoms can also be employed.
- X 1 and X 2 are oxygen atoms or sulfur atoms
- Y 1 and Y 2 are oxygen atoms or sulfur atoms.
- molybdenum oxysulfide dithiocarbamates represented by the formula [I] are molybdenum oxysulfide propyldithiocarbamate, molybdenum oxysulfide isopropyldithiocarbamate, molybdenum oxysulfide isobutyldithiocarbamate, molybdenum oxysulfide pentyldithiocarbamate, molybdenum oxysulfide isopentyldithiocarbamate, molybdenum oxysulfide hexyldithiocarbamate, molybdenum oxysulfide 2-ethylbutyldithiocarbamate, molybdenum oxysulfide heptyldithiocarbamate, molybdenum oxysulfide octyldithiocarbamate, molybdenum octyld
- examples of the molybdenum oxysulfide organophosphorothioate represented by the formula [II] include molybdenum oxysulfide propylphosphorodithioate, molybdenum oxysulfide butylphosphorodithioate, molybdenum oxysulfide butenylphosphorodithioate, molybdenum oxysulfide pentylphosphorodithioate, molybdenum oxysulfide hexylphosphorodithioate, molybdenum oxysulfide heptylphosphorodithioate, molybdenum oxysulfide octylphosphorodithioate, molybdenum oxysulfide 2-ethylhexylphosphorodithioate, molybdenum oxysulfide decylphosphorodithioate, molybdenum oxysulfide dodecylphospho
- the above-described organomolybdenum compound is added to the base oil in a proportion of from 100 to 2,000 ppm, preferably from 200 to 1,500 ppm in terms of molybdenum (Mo) content on the basis of the whole weight of the lubricating oil composition.
- a proportion smaller than 100 ppm cannot provide sufficient friction-reducing properties, whereas a proportion greater than 2,000 ppm cannot bring about friction-reducing effects in proportion to the proportion and moreover, induces corrosion.
- the organomonosulfide for use in the lubricating oil composition according to the present invention contains in its molecule a bond in which one sulfur atom exists by itself without being adjacent to any other sulfur atom, and organic compounds represented by the following formulas [III] to [VI] can be used.
- R 9 -S-R 10 OHC-R 11 -S-R 12 -CHO
- R 9 and R 10 are linear or cyclic hydrocarbon groups, and may be the same or different from each other. Examples include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1-20 carbon atoms; linear or branched alkenyl groups having 2-10 carbon atoms; and aryl groups having 6-20 aryl groups.
- Preferred hydrocarbon groups are alkyl groups and aryl groups, specifically linear alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, and eicosyl groups; and their corresponding branched alkyl groups.
- Alkyl groups are however not limited these exemplified ones, and as one of the two hydrocarbon groups, an alkyl group of a still longer chain can be used provided that the average carbon number of the two hydrocarbon groups falls within a range of from 1 to 20.
- illustrative of the aryl groups are phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, biphenyl and naphthyl groups. These aryl groups may contain one or more alkyl groups having 1-14 carbon atoms and bonded thereto.
- esterified alkyl groups include methyl oleate group, methyl stearate group, oleic acid triglyceride group, methyl ester groups of vegetable oils, glycerin ester groups of vegetable oils, glycerin ester groups of animal oils, and methyl ester groups of animal oils.
- R 11 and R 12 are linear or cyclic hydrocarbon groups, which may be the same or different from each other and have two bonding sites. Especially, alkylene groups having 1-18 carbon atoms are preferred.
- R 13 and R 14 are linear hydrocarbon groups, which are preferably alkyl groups similar to those described above for R 9 and R 10 .
- organomonosulfide compound examples include dialkyl monosulfides, e.g., dimethyl monosulfide, diethyl monosulfide, di-n-propyl monosulfide, di-n-butyl monosulfide, di-n-pentyl monosulfide, di-n-hexyl monosulfide, di-n-cetyl monosulfide, di-n-octyl monosulfide, di-n-nonyl monosulfide, di-n-decyl monosulfide, di-n-tridecyl monosulfide, di-n-hexadecyl monosulfide, and di-n-octadecyl monosulfide; and moreover, diaryl monosulfides, e.g., diphenyl monosulfide, dibenzyl monosulfide, methyl diole
- the proportion of the organomonosulfide compound ranges from 80 to 1,800, preferably from 100 ppm to 1,500 ppm in terms of sulfur (S) content.
- a proportion of the organomonosulfide compound smaller than 80 ppm cannot bring about sufficient effects in lowering a coefficient of friction in a low sliding speed range under reciprocating friction.
- a proportion greater than 2,000 ppm cannot bring about additional friction-reducing effects corresponding to the increase and moreover, promotes corrosion, thereby developing a practical problem.
- the organopolysulfide compound for use in the lubricating oil composition according to the present invention is an organic compound having a bond in which two or more sulfur atoms exist adjacent to each other in a molecule, and is represented by any one of the following formulas [VII] to [XII]: R 15 -S x -R 16 R 15 OOC-R 17 -S x -R 18 -COOR 16 OHC-R 17 -S x -R 18 -CHO
- R 15 and R 16 are linear or cyclic hydrocarbon groups, and may be the same or different from each other. Examples can be aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1-20 carbon atoms and aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6-20 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred are alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, aryl groups, esterified alkyl groups and the like.
- alkyl groups include linear alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl and eicosyl groups; and their corresponding branched alkyl groups.
- Alkyl groups are, however, not limited these exemplified ones, and alkyl groups of still longer chains can be used.
- aryl groups are phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, biphenyl and naphthyl groups. These aryl groups may contain one or more alkyl groups having 1-14 carbon atoms bonded thereto. Specific usable examples of the esterified alkyl groups include methyl oleate group, methyl stearate group, oleic acid triglyceride group, methyl ester groups of vegetable oils, glycerin ester groups of vegetable oils, glycerin ester groups of animal oils, and methyl ester groups of animal oils.
- R 17 and R 18 are linear or cyclic hydrocarbon groups, which may be the same or different from each other and contain two bonding sites.
- alkylene groups having 1-18 carbon atoms Particularly preferred are alkylene groups having 1-18 carbon atoms.
- R 19 and R 20 are linear hydrocarbon groups, preferably alkyl groups similar to those exemplified above.
- x is an integer of at least 2, preferably of from about 2 to 6.
- organopolysulfide examples include dialkyl disulfides, dialkyl trisulfides and other dialkyl polysulfides; diphenyl disulfide, diphenyl trisulfide and other diphenyl polysulfides; dibenzyl disulfide; polyolefin polysulfides; bisalkyl polysulfanylthiadiazoles; sulfurized olefins; sulfurized fish oil; sulfurized whale oil; and sulfurized pinene.
- dialkyl disulfides, diphenyl disulfide, and bisalkyl polysulfanylthiadiazoles are particularly preferred.
- dialkyl disulfides include dimethyl disulfide, diethyl disulfide, di-n-propyl disulfide, di-n-butyl disulfide, di-n-pentyl-disulfide, di-n-hexyl disulfide, di-n-cetyl disulfide, di-n-octyl disulfide, di-n-nonyl disulfide, di-n-decyl disulfide, di-n-tridecyl disulfide, di-n-hexadecyl disulfide,di-n-octadecyl disulfide, methyl dioleate disulfide, methyl distearate disulfide, and di (trioleic acid glyceride) disulfide; and further, diaryl disulfides, for example, diphenyl sulfide, dibenzyl disulfide; as well as
- the proportion of the organopolysulfide compound ranges from 80 to 1,500 ppm, preferably from 100 to 1,200 ppm in terms of sulfur (S) content.
- a proportion smaller than 80 ppm cannot bring about sufficient effects for the reduction of friction, while a proportion greater than 1,500 ppm has a potential problem that corrosion wear may be promoted.
- the total content of sulfur derived from the organomonosulfide compound and the organopolysulfide compound ranges from 160 to 3,500 ppm, with 200 to 2,500 ppm being preferred.
- zinc dithiophosphates ZnDTPs
- zinc dithiocarbamates ZnDTCs
- [XIII] and [XIV] can optionally be used as antiwear agents.
- R 21 to R 24 are hydrogen atoms or hydrocarbon groups having 1-26 carbon atoms.
- the hydrocarbon groups are primary or secondary alkyl groups having 1-26 carbon atoms; alkenyl groups having 2-26 carbon atoms; cycloalkyl groups having 6-26 carbon atoms; aryl groups, alkylaryl groups and arylalkyl groups having 6-26 carbon atoms; and hydrocarbon groups containing an ester group, an ether group, one or more alcohol groups or one or more carboxyl groups.
- R 21 to R 24 are preferably alkyl groups having 2-12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl groups having 8-18 carbon atoms or alkylaryl groups having 8-18 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different from each other.
- ZnDTPs and ZnDTCs can be used either singly or in combination.
- Such an antiwear agent can be used in a proportion of from 0.1 to 7 wt%, preferably from 1 wt% to 5 wt% based on the whole weight of the lubricating oil composition.
- lubricating oil composition according to the present invention, it is possible to add various additives commonly used to date in lubricating oils, for example, other friction modifiers, metallic detergents, other antiwear agents, ashless dispersants, oxidation inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pourpoint depressants, foam inhibitors, rust preventives, corrosion inhibitors and the like as needed to extents not impairing the object of the present invention.
- additives commonly used to date in lubricating oils for example, other friction modifiers, metallic detergents, other antiwear agents, ashless dispersants, oxidation inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pourpoint depressants, foam inhibitors, rust preventives, corrosion inhibitors and the like as needed to extents not impairing the object of the present invention.
- Illustrative examples of the other friction modifiers include partial esters of polyhydric alcohols, amines, amides and sulfurized esters.
- metallic detergents include calcium sulfonate, calcium phenate, calcium salicylate, magnesium sulfonate, magnesium phenate and magnesium salicylate. They can be used normally in a proportion of from 0.05 to 5 wt%.
- Illustrative examples of the other antiwear agents include phosphate esters and phosphite esters. They can be used normally in a proportion of from 0.05 wt% to 5 wt%.
- Illustrative examples of the ashless dispersants include those of the succinimide type, succinamide type, benzylamine type and ester type. They may be used in the form of boron derivatives. They can be used normally in a proportion of form 0.5 wt% to 7 wt%.
- oxidation inhibitors include amine-type oxidation inhibitors such as alkylated diphenylamines, phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine and alkylated ⁇ -naphthylamines; and phenolic oxidation inhibitors such as 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol and 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol). They can be used normally in a proportion of from 0.05 wt% to 4 wt%.
- Illustrative examples of the viscosity index improvers include those of the polymethacrylate-type, polyisobutylene type, ethylene-propylene copolymer type, and hydrogenated styrene-butadiene copolymer type. They can be used normally in a proportion of from 0.5 wt% to 35 wt%.
- pour-point depressants include polyalkyl methacryaltes, chlorinated paraffin-naphthalene condensation products, and alkylated polystyrenes.
- foam inhibitors include dimethylpolysiloxane and polyacrylic acid.
- rust preventives include fatty acids, alkenyl succinate partial esters, fatty acid soaps, alkylsulfonic acids, fatty acid-polyhydric alcohol esters, fatty acid amines, paraffin oxide and alkylpolyoxyethylene ethers.
- corrosion inhibitors include benzotriazole and benzimidazole.
- a mineral oil (kinematic viscosity: 3 mm 2 /s to 20 mm 2 /s at 100°C) is used as a lubricating base oil, to which molybdenum oxysulfide N,N-di(2-ethylhexyl) dithiocarbamate is added in a proportion of from 300 to 1,500 ppm in terms of molybdenum (Mo) content, diphenyl monosulfide in a proportion of from 300 to 1,800 ppm in terms of sulfur (S) content, and diphenyl disulfide in a proportion of from 400 to 1,000 ppm in terms of sulfur (S) content.
- Mo molybdenum
- S sulfur
- S sulfur
- an antiwear agent a metallic detergent, an ashless dispersant, an oxidation inhibitor, a viscosity index improver and/or a pour-point depressant are added in effective proportions, whereby a formulated lubricating oil composition is provided.
- Lubricating oil compositions were prepared by mixing additives in proportions, which are shown in Table 1 and Table 2, in the above-described base oil. With respect to the lubricating oil compositions so obtained, friction characteristics of fresh oils and used oils after NOx oxidation tests were evaluated by the following testing method.
- Coefficients of friction of each of the fresh oils and used oils were measured under the following testing conditions by a reciprocating friction tester shown in Figure 1 to determine its friction characteristics under diverse friction conditions. As each coefficient of friction, a value obtained after a testing time of 20 minutes was used.
- Examples 1-10 are directed to lubricating oil compositions of high friction-reducing properties according to the present invention as shown in Table 1.
- Examples 1-3 show lubricating oil compositions of high friction-reducing properties, each of which was obtained by choosing 150 neutral oil as a base oil, employing C 8 MoDTC [molybdenum oxysulfide N,N-di(2-ethylhexyl) dithiocarbamate] as an organomolybdenum compound, and using the organomonosulfide compound and the organopolysulfide compound in combination.
- Examples 4-6 present lubricating oil compositions of high friction-reducing properties, each of which was obtained by employing, as an organomolybdenum compound, C 8 MoDTP [molybdenum oxysulfide di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphorothioate] instead of the C 8 MoDTC in Examples 1-3 and using the organomonosulfide compound and the organopolysulfide compound in combination.
- C 8 MoDTP molethybdenum oxysulfide di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphorothioate
- Examples 7-10 show lubricating oil compositions of high friction-reducing properties, each of which was obtained by employing as an organomolybdenum compound both C 8 MoDTC and C 8 MoDTP in combination and using the organomonosulfide compound and the organopolysulfide compound in combination.
- Comparative Examples 1-6 are directed to lubricating oil compositions, each of which used the organomolybdenum compound alone or the organomolybdenum compound and the organomonosulfide compound and/or organopolysulfide but the proportion(s) was (were) outside the corresponding range(s) of the present invention, as shown in Table 2.
- Comparative Example 1 is directed to a lubricating oil composition which used only C 8 MoDTC as an organomolybdenum compound and used neither an organomonosulfide compound nor an organopolysulfide compound.
- Comparative Example 2 is directed to a lubricating oil composition, which employed C 8 MS as an organomonosulfide compound and C 8 DS as an organopolysulfide compound but the proportion of C 8 MS was 50 ppm and was hence outside the proportion range of the organomonosulfide compound employed in the present invention.
- Comparative Example 2 indicates that the coefficient of frication under the conditions 1 becomes high if the proportion of an organomonosulfide compound is less than the specific level.
- Comparative Example 3 it is observed from Comparative Example 3 that the coefficient of friction under the conditions 2 becomes high if the proportion of an organopolysulfide compound is less than the specific level.
- Comparative Example 4 is directed to a lubricating oil composition, which employed C 8 MoDTP instead of C 8 MoDTC but the proportion of DPDS was 40 ppm and was hence less than the specific level. The coefficient of friction under the conditions 2 is extremely high.
- Comparative Examples 5-6 are directed to lubricating oil compositions, in each of which the proportion of the organomolybdenum compound was less than the specific level. Both the fresh oils and the used oils showed extremely high coefficients of friction.
- Comparative Example 7 is directed to lubricating oil compositions, in each of which C 8 MoDTC was added as an organomolybdenum compound in the same proportion as in Example 1 but only the organomonosulfide compound (C 8 MS) was used and no organopolysulfide compound was used in combination.
- Comparative Example 8 is directed to a lubricating oil composition, in which only the organopolysulfide compound (C 8 DS) was used and no organomonosulfide was used in combination.
- the fresh oil and the used oil both had high coefficients of friction. It is therefore understood that the combined use of an organomonosulfide compound and an organopolysulfide compound is indispensable for obtaining friction-reducing effects.
- a lubricating oil composition which contained both the organomonosulfide compound (C 8 MS) and the organopolysulfide compound (C 8 DS) but did not use any organomolybdenum compound. It is evident that sufficient friction-reducing effects cannot be obtained unless an organomolybdenum compound is used.
- this invention provides a lubricating oil composition which has been obtained by adding, as essential components, an organomolybdenum compound, an organomonosulfide compound and an organopolysulfide compound in specific proportions, respectively.
- the lubricating oil composition has excellent friction-reducing properties under diverse sliding conditions of different sliding speeds and even in the presence of nitrogen oxide gas, can exhibit oxygen resistance to retain friction-reducing properties.
- the lubricating oil composition according to this invention is therefore suited as a lubricating oil for internal combustion engines, automatic transmissions, shock absorbers and power steering systems, especially for internal combustion engines.
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Abstract
The present invention is a lubricating oil, especially a lubricating oil
for internal combustion engines, which has friction-reducing properties even
under sliding conditions varying substantially in internal combustion engines and
the like and which can retain friction-reducing properties over an extend even in
the presence of nitrogen oxide gas. The lubricating oil composition contains a
lubricating base oil, and an organomolybdenum compound, an organomono-sulfide
compound, and an organopolysulfide compound.
Description
This invention relates to a lubricating oil composition, more
specifically to a lubricating oil composition having excellent friction-reducing
properties under diverse sliding conditions and permitting retention of such
friction-reducing properties over an extended time even in the presence of
nitrogen oxide gas, and especially to a lubricating oil composition suitable as a
lubricating oil for internal combustion engines.
In powertrain equipments such as internal combustion engines,
automatic transmissions, shock absorbers and power steering systems, lubricating
oil is used to smooth their operations. In particular, lubricating oil for an
internal combustion engine is required to provide smooth lubrication primarily
on various sliding surfaces of different conditions of piston rings, cylinder liners,
bearings for a crankshaft and a connecting rod, valve-operating mechanisms
including cams and valve lifters, and the like. As a lubricating oil for an internal
combustion engine, it is considered essential to have friction-reducing properties
under diverse sliding conditions.
Moreover, keeping in step with the recent move toward internal
combustion engines of higher performances, such as higher gas mileage and
higher power output, and more severe operating conditions, there is an increasing
demand for higher lubricating performance. On the other hand, if combustion
gas leaks even partly as blowby gas into a crankcase from between a piston and a
cylinder in an internal combustion engine, nitrogen oxide gas which is contained
at a substantially high concentration in the combustion gas together with oxygen
in the blowby gas, deteriorates a lubricating oil for the internal combustion
engine. Because of the move toward internal combustion engines of higher
performance in recent years, combustion gas which leaks into a crankcase tends
to contain nitrogen oxide gas at a higher concentration. It is therefore extremely
important for an internal combustion engine lubricating oil to provide a low
coefficient of friction under diverse sliding conditions and moreover, to retain
such a low coefficient of friction over an extend time.
As a substantial energy loss takes place at each lubricated friction
part in an internal combustion engine, a friction modifier has conventionally
been added to a lubricating oil as a measure for reducing the friction loss and
improving the gas mileage. As illustrative friction modifiers, organomolybdenum
compounds, fatty acid esters, alkylamines and the like are used in
general. For an illustrative lubricating oil composition making use of an organomolybdenum
compound, reference may be had, for example, to Japanese Patent
Application Laid-Open (Kokai) No. SHO 59-122597. According to this publication,
a lubricating oil composition making combined use of (a) molybdenum
oxysulfide organophosphorothioate and/or molybdenum dithiocarbamate and (b)
zinc dithiophosphate is proposed. The lubricating oil composition disclosed in
the publications has a low coefficient of friction and exhibits friction-reducing
effects in an initial stage of its use, but involves a drawback that its effects can
hardly be retained in its use over an extended time, especially in the presence of
nitrogen oxide gas.
On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (Kokai)
No. HEI 8-73878 discloses an engine oil composition making combined use of
(a) molybdenum dithiocarbamate and (b) zinc dithiophosphate and further (c) an
ashless organopolysulfide while claiming that it can retain a low coefficient of
friction over an extended time. Nonetheless, this lubricating oil composition is
accompanied by a problem that the coefficient of friction becomes higher in a
low sliding speed range under reciprocating friction. It is therefore not
considered to have quality sufficient for application under various conditions as
a lubricating oil for an automotive internal combustion engine in which sliding
conditions vary substantially.
In view of the above-described situations of lubricating oils of
friction-reducing properties developed to date, the present invention has as an
object thereof the provision of a lubricating oil composition which can maintain
friction-reducing properties even when sliding conditions vary substantially in an
internal combustion engine and which can retain such friction-reducing properties
over an extended time, especially even in the presence of nitrogen oxide gas.
To solve the above-described problems, the present inventors have
proceeded with extensive research. As a result, it has been found that a
combination of an organomonosulfide compound and an organopolysulfide with
an organomolybdenum compound makes it possible to provide low coefficients
of friction under diverse sliding conditions and further to retain friction-reducing
properties in application over an extended time. These findings have now led to
the completion of the present invention.
Figure 1 is a basic schematic diagram of a friction tester employed
for the measurement of coefficients of friction of lubricating oil compositions
according to the present invention.
The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition
comprising: a lubricating base oil, and an organomolybdenum compound in a
proportion of from 100 to 2,000 ppm in terms of molybdenum (Mo) content, an
organomonosulfide compound in a proportion of from 80 to 2,000 ppm in terms
of sulfur (S) content, and an organopolysulfide compound in a proportion of
from 80 to 1,500 ppm in terms of sulfur (S) content.
As preferred embodiments of the present invention, the present
invention can provide lubricating compositions obtained by using a mineral oil
and/or a synthetic oil as a lubricating base oil and adding thereto the following:
The present invention will hereinafter be described in detail.
No particular limitation is imposed on the lubricating base oil for use
in the lubricating oil composition according to the present invention. Any one of
those conventionally employed as base oils in lubrication oils, for example, any
one of mineral-oil-type base oils, synthetic base oils and mixed base oils thereof
can be used. Usable examples of such mineral-oil-type base oils include mineral
oils obtained by treating lubricating oil fractions, which are available by vacuum
distillation of atmospheric distillation residues of paraffin, neutral or naphthene
crude oils, to one or more refining steps such as solvent refining, hydrogenation,
hydrogenation refining, catalytic dewaxing, solvent dewaxing, clay treatment
and/or the like; mineral oils obtained by subjecting vacuum distillation residues
to solvent deasphalting and then treating the deasphalted oils through one or
more of the above-described refining steps; mineral oils available by isomerization
of wax components; and mixed oils thereof. In the above-described solvent
refining, an aromatic extraction solvent such as phenol, furfural or N-methyl-pyrrolidone
is used, and as a solvent for solvent dewaxing, propane,
MEK/toluene or the like is employed.
On the other hand, illustrative of such synthetic base oils are poly(α-olefin)
oligomers, polybutene, alkylbenzenes, polyol esters such as trimethylolpropane
esters and pentaerythritol esters, polyoxyalkylene glycols, polyoxyalkylene
glycol esters, polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, dibasic acid esters,
phosphate esters, and silicone oils. These base oils can be used either singly or
in combination.
As base oils for use in the lubrication oil composition according to
the present invention, those having a viscosity in a range of from 3 mm2/s to
20 mm2/s at 100°C are preferred. Particularly preferred are hydrocracked oils
and wax-isomerized oils, which contain 3 wt% or less of aromatic components
(% CA) and have a sulfur content of 50 ppm or less and a nitrogen content of
50 ppm or less.
Examples of the organomolybdenum compound added as a friction
modifier in the lubricating oil composition according to the present invention
include:
molybdenum oxysulfide dithiocarbamates (which may be abbreviated as "MoDTC's") represented by the following formula [I]:
and
molybdenum oxysulfide phosphorothioates (which may be abbreviated as "MoDTP's") represented by the following formula [II]:
molybdenum oxysulfide dithiocarbamates (which may be abbreviated as "MoDTC's") represented by the following formula [I]:
molybdenum oxysulfide phosphorothioates (which may be abbreviated as "MoDTP's") represented by the following formula [II]:
In the above formulas [I] and [II], R1 to R8 may be the same or
different and are hydrocarbon groups having 1-30 carbon groups. Illustrative of
the hydrocarbon groups are linear or branched alkyl groups having 1-30 carbon
atoms; alkenyl groups having 2-30 carbon atoms; cycloalkyl groups having
4-30 carbon atoms; aryl groups, alkylaryl group and arylalkyl groups having 6 to
30 carbon groups. In particular, alkyl groups having 3-20 carbon atoms are
preferred. Examples include propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl,
decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl
and octadecyl groups, and their corresponding branched alkyl groups. Alkyl
groups having 4-18 carbon atoms are particularly preferred. Further, alkenyl
groups having 4-18 carbon atoms can also be employed. X1 and X2 are oxygen
atoms or sulfur atoms, and Y1 and Y2 are oxygen atoms or sulfur atoms.
Accordingly, representative examples of the molybdenum oxysulfide
dithiocarbamates represented by the formula [I] are molybdenum oxysulfide
propyldithiocarbamate, molybdenum oxysulfide isopropyldithiocarbamate,
molybdenum oxysulfide isobutyldithiocarbamate, molybdenum oxysulfide
pentyldithiocarbamate, molybdenum oxysulfide isopentyldithiocarbamate,
molybdenum oxysulfide hexyldithiocarbamate, molybdenum oxysulfide
2-ethylbutyldithiocarbamate, molybdenum oxysulfide heptyldithiocarbamate,
molybdenum oxysulfide octyldithiocarbamate, molybdenum oxysulfide
2-ethylhexyldithiocarbamate, molybdenum oxysulfide 2-propylpentyldithiocarbamate,
molybdenum oxysulfide nonyldithiocarbamate, molybdenum
oxysulfide 2-propylhexyldithiocarbamate, molybdenum oxysulfide dodecyldithiocarbamate,
molybdenum oxysulfide 2-methyldodecyldithiocarbamate,
molybdenum oxysulfide hexadecyldithiocarbamate, molybdenum oxysulfide
octadecyldithiocarbamate, and molybdenum oxysulfide 2-methyloctadecyldithiocarbamate;
and compounds containing their corresponding alkyl groups.
Further, examples of the molybdenum oxysulfide organophosphorothioate
represented by the formula [II] include molybdenum oxysulfide propylphosphorodithioate,
molybdenum oxysulfide butylphosphorodithioate, molybdenum
oxysulfide butenylphosphorodithioate, molybdenum oxysulfide pentylphosphorodithioate,
molybdenum oxysulfide hexylphosphorodithioate, molybdenum
oxysulfide heptylphosphorodithioate, molybdenum oxysulfide octylphosphorodithioate,
molybdenum oxysulfide 2-ethylhexylphosphorodithioate, molybdenum
oxysulfide decylphosphorodithioate, molybdenum oxysulfide dodecylphosphorodithioate,
molybdenum oxysulfide octadecylphosphorodithioate, molybdenum
oxysulfide oleylphosphorodithioate; and compounds containing their
corresponding branched alkyl groups or alkenyl groups.
These compounds can be used either singly or in combination.
The above-described organomolybdenum compound is added to the
base oil in a proportion of from 100 to 2,000 ppm, preferably from 200 to 1,500
ppm in terms of molybdenum (Mo) content on the basis of the whole weight of
the lubricating oil composition. A proportion smaller than 100 ppm cannot
provide sufficient friction-reducing properties, whereas a proportion greater than
2,000 ppm cannot bring about friction-reducing effects in proportion to the
proportion and moreover, induces corrosion.
The organomonosulfide for use in the lubricating oil composition
according to the present invention contains in its molecule a bond in which one
sulfur atom exists by itself without being adjacent to any other sulfur atom, and
organic compounds represented by the following formulas [III] to [VI] can be
used.
R9-S-R10
OHC-R11-S-R12-CHO
R9OOC-R11-S-R12-COOR10
In the above formulas [III] to [VI], R9 and R10 are linear or cyclic
hydrocarbon groups, and may be the same or different from each other.
Examples include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1-20 carbon atoms;
linear or branched alkenyl groups having 2-10 carbon atoms; and aryl groups
having 6-20 aryl groups. Preferred hydrocarbon groups are alkyl groups and aryl
groups, specifically linear alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl,
pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl,
pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, and eicosyl groups;
and their corresponding branched alkyl groups. Alkyl groups are however not
limited these exemplified ones, and as one of the two hydrocarbon groups, an
alkyl group of a still longer chain can be used provided that the average carbon
number of the two hydrocarbon groups falls within a range of from 1 to 20. On
the other hand, illustrative of the aryl groups are phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, biphenyl
and naphthyl groups. These aryl groups may contain one or more alkyl groups
having 1-14 carbon atoms and bonded thereto. Specific usable examples of the
esterified alkyl groups include methyl oleate group, methyl stearate group, oleic
acid triglyceride group, methyl ester groups of vegetable oils, glycerin ester
groups of vegetable oils, glycerin ester groups of animal oils, and methyl ester
groups of animal oils.
R11 and R12 are linear or cyclic hydrocarbon groups, which may be
the same or different from each other and have two bonding sites. Especially,
alkylene groups having 1-18 carbon atoms are preferred. R13 and R14 are linear
hydrocarbon groups, which are preferably alkyl groups similar to those described
above for R9 and R10.
Accordingly, preferred specific examples of the organomonosulfide
compound include dialkyl monosulfides, e.g., dimethyl monosulfide, diethyl
monosulfide, di-n-propyl monosulfide, di-n-butyl monosulfide, di-n-pentyl
monosulfide, di-n-hexyl monosulfide, di-n-cetyl monosulfide, di-n-octyl
monosulfide, di-n-nonyl monosulfide, di-n-decyl monosulfide, di-n-tridecyl
monosulfide, di-n-hexadecyl monosulfide, and di-n-octadecyl monosulfide; and
moreover, diaryl monosulfides, e.g., diphenyl monosulfide, dibenzyl monosulfide,
methyl dioleate monosulfide, methyl distearate monosulfide, and di
(trioleic acid glyceride) monosulfide; as well as monosulfides containing their
corresponding branched alkyl groups.
The proportion of the organomonosulfide compound ranges from 80
to 1,800, preferably from 100 ppm to 1,500 ppm in terms of sulfur (S) content.
A proportion of the organomonosulfide compound smaller than 80 ppm cannot
bring about sufficient effects in lowering a coefficient of friction in a low sliding
speed range under reciprocating friction. On the other hand, a proportion greater
than 2,000 ppm cannot bring about additional friction-reducing effects
corresponding to the increase and moreover, promotes corrosion, thereby
developing a practical problem.
The organopolysulfide compound for use in the lubricating oil
composition according to the present invention is an organic compound having a
bond in which two or more sulfur atoms exist adjacent to each other in a
molecule, and is represented by any one of the following formulas [VII] to [XII]:
R15-Sx-R16
R15OOC-R17-Sx-R18-COOR16
OHC-R17-Sx-R18-CHO
In the above formulas [VII] to [XII], R15 and R16 are linear or cyclic
hydrocarbon groups, and may be the same or different from each other.
Examples can be aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1-20 carbon atoms and
aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6-20 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred
are alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, aryl groups, esterified alkyl groups and the like.
Specific examples of such alkyl groups include linear alkyl groups such as
methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl,
dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl,
nonadecyl and eicosyl groups; and their corresponding branched alkyl groups.
Alkyl groups are, however, not limited these exemplified ones, and alkyl groups
of still longer chains can be used. On the other hand, illustrative of the aryl
groups are phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, biphenyl and naphthyl groups. These aryl groups
may contain one or more alkyl groups having 1-14 carbon atoms bonded thereto.
Specific usable examples of the esterified alkyl groups include methyl oleate
group, methyl stearate group, oleic acid triglyceride group, methyl ester groups
of vegetable oils, glycerin ester groups of vegetable oils, glycerin ester groups of
animal oils, and methyl ester groups of animal oils. R17 and R18 are linear or
cyclic hydrocarbon groups, which may be the same or different from each other
and contain two bonding sites. Particularly preferred are alkylene groups having
1-18 carbon atoms. R19 and R20 are linear hydrocarbon groups, preferably alkyl
groups similar to those exemplified above. In the formulas [VII] to [XII], x is an
integer of at least 2, preferably of from about 2 to 6.
Therefore, preferred specific examples of the organopolysulfide
include dialkyl disulfides, dialkyl trisulfides and other dialkyl polysulfides;
diphenyl disulfide, diphenyl trisulfide and other diphenyl polysulfides; dibenzyl
disulfide; polyolefin polysulfides; bisalkyl polysulfanylthiadiazoles; sulfurized
olefins; sulfurized fish oil; sulfurized whale oil; and sulfurized pinene.
Particularly preferred are dialkyl disulfides, diphenyl disulfide, and bisalkyl
polysulfanylthiadiazoles. Examples of such dialkyl disulfides include dimethyl
disulfide, diethyl disulfide, di-n-propyl disulfide, di-n-butyl disulfide, di-n-pentyl-disulfide,
di-n-hexyl disulfide, di-n-cetyl disulfide, di-n-octyl disulfide,
di-n-nonyl disulfide, di-n-decyl disulfide, di-n-tridecyl disulfide, di-n-hexadecyl
disulfide,di-n-octadecyl disulfide, methyl dioleate disulfide, methyl distearate
disulfide, and di (trioleic acid glyceride) disulfide; and further, diaryl disulfides,
for example, diphenyl sulfide, dibenzyl disulfide; as well as disulfides having
their corresponding branched alkyl groups.
The proportion of the organopolysulfide compound ranges from 80
to 1,500 ppm, preferably from 100 to 1,200 ppm in terms of sulfur (S) content.
A proportion smaller than 80 ppm cannot bring about sufficient effects for the
reduction of friction, while a proportion greater than 1,500 ppm has a potential
problem that corrosion wear may be promoted.
Further, the total content of sulfur derived from the organomonosulfide
compound and the organopolysulfide compound ranges from 160 to
3,500 ppm, with 200 to 2,500 ppm being preferred.
For the lubricating oil composition according to the present
invention, zinc dithiophosphates (ZnDTPs) and zinc dithiocarbamates (ZnDTCs)
represented by the following formula [XIII] and [XIV], respectively, can
optionally be used as antiwear agents.
In the above formulas [XIII] and [XIV], R21 to R24 are hydrogen
atoms or hydrocarbon groups having 1-26 carbon atoms. Illustrative of the
hydrocarbon groups are primary or secondary alkyl groups having 1-26 carbon
atoms; alkenyl groups having 2-26 carbon atoms; cycloalkyl groups having
6-26 carbon atoms; aryl groups, alkylaryl groups and arylalkyl groups having
6-26 carbon atoms; and hydrocarbon groups containing an ester group, an ether
group, one or more alcohol groups or one or more carboxyl groups. R21 to R24
are preferably alkyl groups having 2-12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl groups having
8-18 carbon atoms or alkylaryl groups having 8-18 carbon atoms, and may be the
same or different from each other.
These ZnDTPs and ZnDTCs can be used either singly or in
combination. Such an antiwear agent can be used in a proportion of from 0.1 to
7 wt%, preferably from 1 wt% to 5 wt% based on the whole weight of the
lubricating oil composition.
To the lubricating oil composition according to the present invention,
it is possible to add various additives commonly used to date in lubricating
oils, for example, other friction modifiers, metallic detergents, other antiwear
agents, ashless dispersants, oxidation inhibitors, viscosity index improvers,
pourpoint depressants, foam inhibitors, rust preventives, corrosion inhibitors and
the like as needed to extents not impairing the object of the present invention.
Illustrative examples of the other friction modifiers include partial
esters of polyhydric alcohols, amines, amides and sulfurized esters.
Illustrative examples of the metallic detergents include calcium
sulfonate, calcium phenate, calcium salicylate, magnesium sulfonate, magnesium
phenate and magnesium salicylate. They can be used normally in a proportion of
from 0.05 to 5 wt%.
Illustrative examples of the other antiwear agents include phosphate
esters and phosphite esters. They can be used normally in a proportion of from
0.05 wt% to 5 wt%.
Illustrative examples of the ashless dispersants include those of the
succinimide type, succinamide type, benzylamine type and ester type. They may
be used in the form of boron derivatives. They can be used normally in a
proportion of form 0.5 wt% to 7 wt%.
Illustrative examples of the oxidation inhibitors include amine-type
oxidation inhibitors such as alkylated diphenylamines, phenyl-α-naphthylamine
and alkylated α-naphthylamines; and phenolic oxidation inhibitors such as 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol
and 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol). They
can be used normally in a proportion of from 0.05 wt% to 4 wt%.
Illustrative examples of the viscosity index improvers include those
of the polymethacrylate-type, polyisobutylene type, ethylene-propylene
copolymer type, and hydrogenated styrene-butadiene copolymer type. They can
be used normally in a proportion of from 0.5 wt% to 35 wt%.
Illustrative examples of the pour-point depressants include polyalkyl
methacryaltes, chlorinated paraffin-naphthalene condensation products, and
alkylated polystyrenes.
Illustrative examples of the foam inhibitors include dimethylpolysiloxane
and polyacrylic acid.
Illustrative examples of rust preventives include fatty acids, alkenyl
succinate partial esters, fatty acid soaps, alkylsulfonic acids, fatty acid-polyhydric
alcohol esters, fatty acid amines, paraffin oxide and alkylpolyoxyethylene
ethers.
Illustrative examples of corrosion inhibitors include benzotriazole
and benzimidazole.
A mineral oil (kinematic viscosity: 3 mm2/s to 20 mm2/s at 100°C) is
used as a lubricating base oil, to which molybdenum oxysulfide N,N-di(2-ethylhexyl)
dithiocarbamate is added in a proportion of from 300 to 1,500 ppm
in terms of molybdenum (Mo) content, diphenyl monosulfide in a proportion of
from 300 to 1,800 ppm in terms of sulfur (S) content, and diphenyl disulfide in a
proportion of from 400 to 1,000 ppm in terms of sulfur (S) content. Further, an
antiwear agent, a metallic detergent, an ashless dispersant, an oxidation inhibitor,
a viscosity index improver and/or a pour-point depressant are added in effective
proportions, whereby a formulated lubricating oil composition is provided.
The present invention will hereinafter be described in further detail
by the following Examples and Comparative Examples.
150 neutral oil (5.3 mm2/s at 100°C) was used as a lubricating base
oil, and the following compounds were used as additives:
- C8MoDTC:
- Molybdenum oxysulfide N,N-di(2'-ethylhexyl) dithiocarbamate
- C8MoDTP:
- Molybdenum oxysulfide di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphorodithioate
- C8MS:
- Di-n-octyl monosulfide
- DPMS:
- Diphenyl monosulfide
- C8DS:
- Di-n-octyl disulfide
- DPDS:
- Diphenyl disulfide
Lubricating oil compositions were prepared by mixing additives in
proportions, which are shown in Table 1 and Table 2, in the above-described
base oil. With respect to the lubricating oil compositions so obtained, friction
characteristics of fresh oils and used oils after NOx oxidation tests were
evaluated by the following testing method.
Coefficients of friction of each of the fresh oils and used oils were
measured under the following testing conditions by a reciprocating friction tester
shown in Figure 1 to determine its friction characteristics under diverse friction
conditions. As each coefficient of friction, a value obtained after a testing time
of 20 minutes was used.
The friction test was conducted as shown in Figure 1, namely, by
forming an oil film of a sample oil on a disk, placing a cylinder on the oil film
and then horizontally oscillating the cylinder over a predetermined width under a
predetermined load. DIN100CR6 (HRc62, equivalent to JIS SUJ2) was used as a
material for both the cylinder and the disk.
| TEST CONDITIONS | ||
| Conditions 1 | Conditions 2 | |
| Load, N | 400 | 400 |
| Oil temperature, °C | 80 | 80 |
| Oscillation frequency, Hz | 50 | 50 |
| Amplitude, mm | 0.5 | 2.0 |
| (Average sliding speed, m/s) | (0.025) | (0.1) |
| Time, minute | 20 | 20 |
Further, the used oils were obtained after conducting NOx oxidation
tests under the following conditions. Similarly to the fresh oils, they were also
subjected to the above-described friction tests to evaluate their friction
characteristics.
| NOx OXIDATION TEST CONDITIONS | |
| Oil temperature, °C | 150 |
| Treatment time, hour | 5 |
| Nitrogen oxide gas, NO2 concentration vol% | 1 |
| Gas flow rate, ℓ/hour | 3 |
Examples 1-10 are directed to lubricating oil compositions of high
friction-reducing properties according to the present invention as shown in Table
1.
Examples 1-3 show lubricating oil compositions of high friction-reducing
properties, each of which was obtained by choosing 150 neutral oil as a
base oil, employing C8MoDTC [molybdenum oxysulfide N,N-di(2-ethylhexyl)
dithiocarbamate] as an organomolybdenum compound, and using the organomonosulfide
compound and the organopolysulfide compound in combination.
Examples 4-6 present lubricating oil compositions of high friction-reducing
properties, each of which was obtained by employing, as an organomolybdenum
compound, C8MoDTP [molybdenum oxysulfide di(2-ethylhexyl)
phosphorothioate] instead of the C8MoDTC in Examples 1-3 and using the
organomonosulfide compound and the organopolysulfide compound in
combination.
Further, Examples 7-10 show lubricating oil compositions of high
friction-reducing properties, each of which was obtained by employing as an
organomolybdenum compound both C8MoDTC and C8MoDTP in combination
and using the organomonosulfide compound and the organopolysulfide
compound in combination.
Comparative Examples 1-6 are directed to lubricating oil compositions,
each of which used the organomolybdenum compound alone or the
organomolybdenum compound and the organomonosulfide compound and/or
organopolysulfide but the proportion(s) was (were) outside the corresponding
range(s) of the present invention, as shown in Table 2. Comparative Example 1
is directed to a lubricating oil composition which used only C8MoDTC as an
organomolybdenum compound and used neither an organomonosulfide
compound nor an organopolysulfide compound. Compared with the lubricating
oil composition of Example 1, the lubricating oil composition of Comparative
Example 1 was additized with C8MoDTC in the same proportion but was not
additized with the above-described sulfur compound. It is therefore indicated
that the fresh oil and the used oil both had high coefficients of friction and the
coefficient of friction obtained under the conditions 1 was particularly high.
Comparative Example 2 is directed to a lubricating oil composition, which
employed C8MS as an organomonosulfide compound and C8DS as an organopolysulfide
compound but the proportion of C8MS was 50 ppm and was hence
outside the proportion range of the organomonosulfide compound employed in
the present invention. Although the organomonosulfide compound and the
organopolysulfide compound were used in combination, Comparative Example 2
indicates that the coefficient of frication under the conditions 1 becomes high if
the proportion of an organomonosulfide compound is less than the specific level.
On the other hand, it is observed from Comparative Example 3 that the
coefficient of friction under the conditions 2 becomes high if the proportion of
an organopolysulfide compound is less than the specific level. Comparative
Example 4 is directed to a lubricating oil composition, which employed
C8MoDTP instead of C8MoDTC but the proportion of DPDS was 40 ppm and
was hence less than the specific level. The coefficient of friction under the
conditions 2 is extremely high. Comparative Examples 5-6 are directed to
lubricating oil compositions, in each of which the proportion of the organomolybdenum
compound was less than the specific level. Both the fresh oils and
the used oils showed extremely high coefficients of friction.
Comparative Example 7 is directed to lubricating oil compositions,
in each of which C8MoDTC was added as an organomolybdenum compound in
the same proportion as in Example 1 but only the organomonosulfide compound
(C8MS) was used and no organopolysulfide compound was used in combination.
Comparative Example 8 is directed to a lubricating oil composition,
in which only the organopolysulfide compound (C8DS) was used and no organomonosulfide
was used in combination. The fresh oil and the used oil both had
high coefficients of friction. It is therefore understood that the combined use of
an organomonosulfide compound and an organopolysulfide compound is
indispensable for obtaining friction-reducing effects.
According to Comparative Example 9, on the other hand, a lubricating
oil composition is shown which contained both the organomonosulfide
compound (C8MS) and the organopolysulfide compound (C8DS) but did not use
any organomolybdenum compound. It is evident that sufficient friction-reducing
effects cannot be obtained unless an organomolybdenum compound is used.
Thus it is seen that this invention provides a lubricating oil
composition which has been obtained by adding, as essential components, an
organomolybdenum compound, an organomonosulfide compound and an
organopolysulfide compound in specific proportions, respectively. The lubricating
oil composition has excellent friction-reducing properties under diverse
sliding conditions of different sliding speeds and even in the presence of nitrogen
oxide gas, can exhibit oxygen resistance to retain friction-reducing properties.
The lubricating oil composition according to this invention is therefore suited as
a lubricating oil for internal combustion engines, automatic transmissions, shock
absorbers and power steering systems, especially for internal combustion
engines.
Claims (3)
- A lubricating oil composition comprising: a lubricating base oil, and an organomolybdenum compound in a proportion of from 100 to 2,000 ppm in terms of molybdenum (Mo) content, an organomonosulfide compound in a proportion of from 80 to 2,000 ppm in terms of sulfur (S) content, and an organopolysulfide compound in a proportion of from 80 to 1,500 ppm in terms of sulfur (S) content.
- The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 wherein the lubricating oil has a viscosity in the range of 3 mm2/s to 20 mm2/s at 100°C, contains 3 wt% or less aromatic components (% CA) has a sulfur content of 50 ppm or less and a nitrogen content of 50 ppm or less, the organomolybdenum compound is present in a proportion of from 200 to 1,500 ppm in terms of molybdenum, the organic monosulfide is present in a proportion of from 100 to 1,500 ppm in terms of sulfur content and the organopolysulfide compound is present in a proportion of from 100 to 1,200 ppm in terms of sulfur content.
- A method for enhancing the friction reducing and friction reduction retention properties of a lubricating oil comprising adding to the lubricating oil an organomolybdenum compound in a proportion of from 100 to 2,000 ppm in terms of molybdenum content, an organomonosulfide compound in a proportion of from 80 to 2,000 ppm in terms of sulfur content and an organopolysulfide compound in a proportion of from 80 to 1,500 ppm in terms of sulfur content.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22046296A JP3497952B2 (en) | 1996-08-02 | 1996-08-02 | Lubricating oil composition |
| JP22046296 | 1996-08-02 | ||
| JP220462/96 | 1996-08-02 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0822246A2 true EP0822246A2 (en) | 1998-02-04 |
| EP0822246A3 EP0822246A3 (en) | 1998-04-15 |
| EP0822246B1 EP0822246B1 (en) | 2000-10-04 |
Family
ID=16751502
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97305728A Expired - Lifetime EP0822246B1 (en) | 1996-08-02 | 1997-07-30 | Lubricating oil composition |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0822246B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3497952B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU718688B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2210974C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69703226T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2153161T3 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004069966A1 (en) | 2003-02-05 | 2004-08-19 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Additives for lubricating oils and fuel oils, lubricating oil compositions, and fuel oil compositions |
| RU2447136C2 (en) * | 2006-09-04 | 2012-04-10 | Идемицу Козан Ко., Лтд. | Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engine |
| US8592356B2 (en) | 2007-05-29 | 2013-11-26 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Lubricant composition for internal combustion engine |
| CN104870623A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2015-08-26 | 道达尔销售服务公司 | Lubricant composition |
| CN114686189A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-01 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Lubricant for water-based drilling fluid, preparation method of lubricant and water-based drilling fluid |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11269477A (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 1999-10-05 | Cosmo Sogo Kenkyusho Kk | Engine oil composition |
| JP4563082B2 (en) * | 2004-06-03 | 2010-10-13 | 出光興産株式会社 | Lubricating base oil and lubricating oil composition |
| JP5158995B2 (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2013-03-06 | アール．ティー． ヴァンダービルト カンパニー インコーポレーティッド | Additive composition for EP grease having excellent wear resistance and corrosion characteristics |
| US20100152072A1 (en) | 2008-12-17 | 2010-06-17 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Lubricating oil compositions |
| US20100152074A1 (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2010-06-17 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Lubricating oil compositions |
| FR2990213B1 (en) | 2012-05-04 | 2015-04-24 | Total Raffinage Marketing | LUBRICATING COMPOSITION FOR ENGINE |
| CN109652171B (en) * | 2017-10-12 | 2021-12-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Special oil composition for industrial robot joint RV reducer |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0677571A1 (en) * | 1992-12-29 | 1995-10-18 | Tonen Corporation | Final-drive lubricating oil composition |
| EP0699739A2 (en) * | 1994-09-05 | 1996-03-06 | Japan Energy Corporation | Engine oil composition |
| WO1996006904A1 (en) * | 1994-09-01 | 1996-03-07 | Tonen Corporation | Lubricants with sustained fuel economy performance |
-
1996
- 1996-08-02 JP JP22046296A patent/JP3497952B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-07-30 EP EP97305728A patent/EP0822246B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-30 CA CA002210974A patent/CA2210974C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-07-30 ES ES97305728T patent/ES2153161T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-30 DE DE69703226T patent/DE69703226T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-07-31 AU AU32421/97A patent/AU718688B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0677571A1 (en) * | 1992-12-29 | 1995-10-18 | Tonen Corporation | Final-drive lubricating oil composition |
| WO1996006904A1 (en) * | 1994-09-01 | 1996-03-07 | Tonen Corporation | Lubricants with sustained fuel economy performance |
| EP0699739A2 (en) * | 1994-09-05 | 1996-03-06 | Japan Energy Corporation | Engine oil composition |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004069966A1 (en) | 2003-02-05 | 2004-08-19 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Additives for lubricating oils and fuel oils, lubricating oil compositions, and fuel oil compositions |
| EP1602709A1 (en) * | 2003-02-05 | 2005-12-07 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Additives for lubricating oils and fuel oils, lubricating oil compositions, and fuel oil compositions |
| EP1602709A4 (en) * | 2003-02-05 | 2009-04-01 | Idemitsu Kosan Co | ADDITIVES FOR LUBRICATING OILS AND COMBUSTIBLE OILS, LUBRICATING OIL COMPOSITIONS, AND COMBUSTIBLE OIL COMPOSITIONS |
| RU2447136C2 (en) * | 2006-09-04 | 2012-04-10 | Идемицу Козан Ко., Лтд. | Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engine |
| US8592356B2 (en) | 2007-05-29 | 2013-11-26 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Lubricant composition for internal combustion engine |
| CN104870623A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2015-08-26 | 道达尔销售服务公司 | Lubricant composition |
| EP2920283A1 (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2015-09-23 | Total Marketing Services | Lubricant composition |
| CN104870623B (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2019-03-26 | 道达尔销售服务公司 | Lubricant compositions |
| EP2920283B1 (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2021-07-21 | Total Marketing Services | Lubricant composition |
| CN114686189A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-01 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Lubricant for water-based drilling fluid, preparation method of lubricant and water-based drilling fluid |
| CN114686189B (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2023-10-20 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Lubricant for water-based drilling fluid, preparation method of lubricant and water-based drilling fluid |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2210974C (en) | 2004-09-14 |
| DE69703226T2 (en) | 2001-03-15 |
| DE69703226D1 (en) | 2000-11-09 |
| ES2153161T3 (en) | 2001-02-16 |
| JP3497952B2 (en) | 2004-02-16 |
| EP0822246B1 (en) | 2000-10-04 |
| JPH1046177A (en) | 1998-02-17 |
| AU718688B2 (en) | 2000-04-20 |
| AU3242197A (en) | 1998-02-12 |
| EP0822246A3 (en) | 1998-04-15 |
| CA2210974A1 (en) | 1998-02-02 |
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