EP0801721B1 - Replaceable nozzle for high temperature reactors having a fire-resistant lining - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.

It is state of the art that fan angle nozzles (FWD) or Fan nozzles parallel or perpendicular to the bricked or wall exposed by mortar inside heat exchangers can be used for cement rotary kilns. By air blasts are the regular build-up of raw cement flour removed so that an optimal heat exchange process / material flow is achieved. It also becomes an alternative, accident-prone Labor-intensive removal by hand with air lances or poking rods through openings in the heat exchanger wall avoided. If the mouthpiece of the fan nozzles wears out or is consumed by chemical reaction, the large area decreases Cleaning effect. Then or at the latest at the scheduled time Each of the heat exchangers must be equipped with a furnace stop Stoneware and the old nozzle removed, a new nozzle welded in and fill the cavity with fireclay mortar.

US-A-3,380,407, from which the present invention is based, discloses a generic device for initiating a Fluid flow into the interior of refractory lined High-temperature reactors, wherein a nozzle is provided, the has a nozzle body that the lining of the high temperature reactor penetrates. The nozzle also has a tube on that is connected to the nozzle body for fluid supply. For this purpose, the nozzles are firmly attached to the reactor wall, so that an exchange only with the previously described disadvantageous Difficulties.

DE 29 52 275 A1 discloses a device for fumigation a rotary kiln, in which over the length of the axis of rotation of the Rotary kiln gas permeable in the area of the refractory lining Stones are used. These stones consist of a porous, ceramic material and close flush with the surface of the refractory lining of the rotary kiln from. In this embodiment, a smooth surface is indeed of the refractory lining, but the porosity is sufficient of the ceramic material of the gas permeable stones due to the low gas permeability, in particular To introduce air blasts into the interior of the reactor.

The object of the invention is therefore a generic device with an exchangeable nozzle or an exchangeable nozzle system to provide that easy replacement of nozzles, in particular of cleaning air blast nozzles High temperature reactors enabled.

To solve this problem, a device with a interchangeable nozzle or an interchangeable nozzle system with the Features of claim 1 proposed.

The invention allows easy changing of the nozzle from outside without internal scaffolding and possibly even without complete cooling of the high-temperature reactor or heat exchanger.

An exchangeable nozzle of the device according to the invention thus includes in addition to the nozzle body penetrating the reactor wall and the fluid supply pipe connected to it (at least as far as a corresponding pipe section the reactor wall penetrates) the nozzle body all over Extent and at least partially enveloping along its length Nozzle block that fits with its radial side walls can be used in the high temperature lining of the reactor, one between the nozzle body and the nozzle block as an expansion collar serving separating layer and between nozzle stone and the with a contour-matched reactor lining, another separation layer is provided, which is a separation of the nozzle block from the reactor lining is permitted in the event of nozzle replacement.

While the nozzle block usually before it is assembled is produced in the reactor wall and the nozzle body already surrounds, the envelope shape of the reactor liner, in which of the nozzle block is used precisely, both before Location, d. H. immediately during the installation of nozzle block and Nozzle bodies are made to be prefabricated as well in a correspondingly large opening of the reactor lining, for. B. with the interposition of a layer of mortar to be installed. A third possibility of producing the envelope shape there is a precise fit of the nozzle stone in the further Production of the envelope described below already during making the reactor liner.

The nozzle block preferably consists essentially of high temperature resistant Silicon carbide. The preferably metallic Nozzle body that fits precisely and protected in the nozzle block is detachable from the nozzle block, i.e. i.e., a loosening preventing scaling or incrustation does not occur on. Rather, the different materials (material pairing Silicon carbide / steel) even after use comparatively easy disassembly. Also a scaling or crusting between the nozzle stone and its envelope, in which it is installed, does not occur - at least it can Nozzle stone from its envelope shape again after use brought out, especially pulled out, that a New unit consisting of nozzle body and nozzle block as an exchange package can be quickly reinserted into the envelope.

It is understood that the use of silicon carbide for the nozzle block regardless of the characteristics of the interchangeable Nozzle or the interchangeable nozzle system can be used advantageously can. The use of silicon carbide as a material for The nozzle block is also advantageous because this one high wear resistance and a low tendency to stick of the area facing the inside of the reactor.

A bracing or fastening frame, like an angle frame, allows easy attachment of nozzle body and Nozzle block on the reactor wall, especially when used a flange plate according to the invention according to claim 3 such a frame allows easy positioning of the Flange plate, stiffening the opening in the reactor wall and provides the necessary free space for mounting the nozzle.

The expansion collar according to the invention serves on the one hand to seal between nozzle stone and metallic nozzle body, for others to balance the different coefficients of thermal expansion and preferably consists of about 10 mm thick ceramic fiber fleece or fiberglass needle felt.

Fan angle nozzles (FWD) known from the prior art protrude into the reaction chamber with their metallic nozzle body inside. To the metallic nozzle body against adverse influences to protect from the reaction space can be a metallic Nozzle body except for the outlet opening of the nozzle Protective stone surrounding the inside of the reaction chamber is provided be. To compensate for the coefficient of thermal expansion it is advantageous if between the protective stone and the metallic A separating layer is also arranged in the nozzle body.

If the metallic nozzle body corresponds to the nozzle block Has recesses, the protective stone can grasp metallic nozzle body and so form-fitting the metallic nozzle body are held. Because the blow-out direction of the fan nozzles usually essentially points below, the protective stone can be parallel to the reaction chamber wall from above attachable to the metallic nozzle body be trained. The positive locking prevents slipping down, to the side and towards the center of the reactor while gravity and usually also the direction of material flow Prevent slipping upwards in the reactor.

The size of the protective stone or the opening in the reaction chamber wall are preferably adapted such that the Protective stone with the nozzle removed from the reaction chamber wall can be.

The fan nozzle should be arranged so that the protective stone is not held in place by gravity, can be selected by selecting suitable geometrical ratios of nozzle block, Protective stone and cover stone in the installation position a positive lock be formed between cover stone and protective stone, the a slipping of the protective stone against the direction of attachment prevented.

The aforementioned, as well as the claimed and in the exemplary embodiments described to be used according to the invention Components are subject to their size, shape, material selection and technical conception no special exceptions, so that in the respective application known selection criteria apply without restriction can.

Fig. 1

eine erste Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit einer austauschbaren, in einer Reaktorwand eingebauten Fächerwinkeldüse im Axialschnitt durch den Düsenkörper - Schnitt entlang der Linie A-A gemäß Fig. 2;

Fig. 2

dieselbe Vorrichtung in Schnittansicht - Schnitt entlang der Linie B-B gemäß Fig. 1 und Fig. 3;

Fig. 3

dieselbe Vorrichtung in Aufsicht von der Ofeninnenseite her - zum Teil in einem Schnitt parallel zur Ofenwand entlang der Linie C-C;

Fig. 4

eine zweite Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in der Darstellungsart nach Fig. 1;

Fig. 5

von derselben Vorrichtung eine weitere Schnittdarstellung (entsprechend der Schnittdarstellung in Fig. 2) - Schnitt entlang der Linie B'-B' gemäß Fign. 4 und 6;

Fig. 6

dieselbe Vorrichtung im Schnitt entlang der Linie C'-C' gemäß Fign. 4 und 5 (entsprechend der Darstellungsart in Fig. 3) sowie

Fig. 7

eine dritte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit einer austauschbaren Fächerdüse - entsprechend der Darstellung in Fig. 5.

Further details, features and advantages of the subject matter of the invention result from the following description of the associated drawing, in which — by way of example — preferred embodiments of nozzles or exchangeable nozzle systems according to the invention are shown. The drawing shows:

Fig. 1

a first embodiment of a device according to the invention with an exchangeable fan angle nozzle installed in a reactor wall in axial section through the nozzle body - section along line AA according to FIG. 2;

Fig. 2

the same device in sectional view - section along the line BB of FIG. 1 and FIG. 3;

Fig. 3

the same device seen from the inside of the furnace - partly in a section parallel to the furnace wall along the line CC;

Fig. 4

a second embodiment of a device according to the invention in the representation of FIG. 1;

Fig. 5

from the same device a further sectional view (corresponding to the sectional view in FIG. 2) - section along the line B'-B 'according to FIGS. 4 and 6;

Fig. 6

the same device in section along the line C'-C 'according to FIGS. 4 and 5 (corresponding to the type of representation in Fig. 3) and

Fig. 7

a third embodiment of a device according to the invention with an exchangeable fan nozzle - as shown in FIG. 5.

In the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 7, 1 is the replaceable nozzle, d. that is, the entire interchangeable nozzle system, designated. A metallic nozzle body 2 is a so-called Fan nozzle designed, according to the embodiment Figures 1 to 3, the direction of blow-out of the nozzle through the air outlet gap 20 tangential to the brick lining 6 on the inside of the reactor 10 of the reactor wall 11 takes place. In the embodiments according to Figures 4 to 6 and 7, however, is the blow-out direction only slightly with respect to the normal direction the reactor wall 11 inclined.

The nozzle body 2 penetrates the lining, i. H. in the illustrated and so far preferred embodiments the lining 6 of the reactor wall 11, in the to the reactor interior 10 lying area. A metallic tube 21, which on the outside of the reactor in a connecting flange 22 opens, connects to the nozzle body 2 to the outside of the reactor and establishes the fluidic connection to the air outlet gap 20 ago. The metallic nozzle body 2 and at least the area of the reactor interior 10 Tube 21 are closely enclosed by an expansion collar 3. This stretch collar consists of a circumferential band elastic, high temperature resistant material, especially made of an approximately 10 mm thick ceramic fiber fleece or a glass fiber needle felt.

The part of the nozzle body 2 which penetrates the reactor wall 11 and the tube 21 is at least in the to the reactor interior 10th area located positively by a so-called Surround nozzle block 4, which is essentially made of high temperature resistant Silicon carbide exists. The one about the nozzle body 2 and the tube 21 to the radially outwardly facing surface of the Nozzle block 4 forms in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 to 3 a trapezoidal and in the embodiments according to Figures 4 to 7 preferably a rectangular plan rounded corner areas, with the radial external surfaces in the direction of the reactor interior 10 are slightly inclined towards each other. This conical radial outer surfaces are shown in and in this respect preferred embodiments of a separating layer 5 comprises high-temperature resistant, elastic material, to replace the nozzle body together with the nozzle block after a long period of use of the reactor ensure that the nozzle body and nozzle block structural unit pulled outwards from the reactor wall 11 can be.

The radially outward facing conical surface of the Nozzle stone 4 or the separating layer 5 sits with a flat surface System in a shell 60 of the lining 6 such that the end face of the nozzle block facing the reactor interior 10 4 is aligned with the remaining inner surface of the lining 6. The envelope shape 60 is in the embodiments according to figures 1 to 6 part of a separate component, namely a so-called enveloping stone 60, which is already in one existing and bricked-up reactor retrofitted can be, which will be explained in more detail below. The embodiment according to FIG. 7 differs from this characterized in that in the embodiment of Figure 7 Hüllstein 60 already in the lining 6 from the front provided or even integral part of the lining 6 is or "in situ" in the lining 6 is procured.

In all embodiments, the replacement of the Nozzle block including the opening in the nozzle body Reactor wall surrounded by an angular frame 74, which has the function a stiffening and / or fastening frame. In the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 6 this angular frame 74 in one of the outer contour of the angular frame appropriately shaped opening of the metal outer wall of the reactor used, in such a way that the wall parallel Angled frame flange to the inside of the reactor wall is offset in parallel. In the embodiment according to Figure 7, however, corresponds to the opening in the metallic Outside wall of the reactor of the clear opening of the angle frame 74. In both cases, the angular frame 74 with the metallic Reactor outer wall firmly connected by a weld seam 75.

One via retaining screws 73 with the wall-parallel leg of the angular frame 74 carries flange plate 7 which can be screwed tightly - In all embodiments - the nozzle body 2 and the nozzle block 4.

A replaceable nozzle is first installed in the exemplary embodiments according to Figures 1 to 3 and 4 to 6 in the following Wise:

First, the exact positioning of one or more necessary nozzles set in a reactor, e.g. B. um To prevent caking at certain points in the reactor. Should on the outer steel jacket of the furnace in the for Nozzle provided area provided external stiffeners be removed first. Then there will be a hole cut into the steel jacket for its exact dimensioning the angular frame 74 serves as a template. Then the lining of the furnace in the area of the opening in the steel jacket openwork, e.g. B. by means of a core hole and the actual Wall thickness of the brick lining at the intended installation position determined for the nozzle. Then the lining removed in the area of the nozzle installation location in such a way that the Breakthrough of the outer contour of a prefabricated cladding stone 60 corresponds to. This is preferably graded or tapering towards the inside of the reactor, see above that from the outside an installation of the cladding stone in the brickwork with the best possible fit and fit.

The cladding stone is on the opposite side of the furnace Front end with bracket 61 protruding, in particular made of stainless steel. This bracket 61 can also form a surrounding frame. In the illustrated Embodiments in Figures 1 to 6 is the depth of Hüllstein 60 180 mm, while the depth of the towering Leg of the bracket 61 is an additional 70 mm, so that there is a total installation depth of 250 mm. This is too can be varied if necessary. The aim is that the furnace side Face of the cladding brick with the reactor lining is flush on the inside. Should the masonry in the oven not run parallel to the outside steel wall, which z. B. in the lower part of the furnace, this is the case 60 and / or its holding frame 61 according to the requirements extended for parallel installation for brick lining or shortened.

Threaded rods 44 are used to install the cladding block, the receiving or adjusting holes 62 of the casing 60 are used or are used and holes push through in the wall-parallel flange of the angular frame 64. The positioning of the enveloping stone 60 in its normal direction Reactor wall extending insertion direction is by means of the threaded rods 44 or threaded nuts rotatably arranged thereon set. Serve as a so-called setting angle 45 pierced flat iron, through its bore a threaded rod 44 runs. This so-called setting angle 45 can the threaded rod axis are pivoted and serve u. a. as an assembly aid when inserting the nozzle block 4 together with the nozzle body 2 into the conical opening in the casing 60.

The legs of the Hüllstein holding frame, which are aligned transversely to the reactor wall 61 are dimensioned so that they are under the angle frame 74 encounter and welded to this by longitudinal seams 25 are. Only after inserting the enveloping stone 60 with the attached Hüllstein holding frame 61 and the so welded angle frame 74 into the prepared reactor wall opening the angle frame 74 with the steel jacket of the reactor wall 11 welded in the manner described above. In order to are the prerequisites for installation and later Changing the nozzle block 4 together with the nozzle body 2 created. First, the conical nozzle stone circumference is about 3 mm thick ceramic fiber paper that covers the entire nozzle block height. After the nozzle body 2 covered with the stretch collar 3 at the crucial points and the nozzle body 2 is inserted into the nozzle block 4 this unit into the prepared reactor wall opening that the Hüllstein 60 released. But before that, the Nozzle block 4 clamped against the nozzle body 2. this happens by means of a holding clamp 43, which on the tubular part of the nozzle body 2 is screwed on and nozzle stone clamping screws 76 carries that far against the outer end face of the nozzle block 4 are braced until the desired relative position between nozzle body 2, in particular air outlet gap 20 and the inner end face of the nozzle block 4 is reached. Using preferably angled threaded rods, the face of the nozzle stone facing outwards are used, a nozzle block screw connection 40 with respect of the flange plate 7 which realizes the nozzle body 2 holds together with the nozzle block 4. Once the desired seat of the Nozzle block 4 and the flange plate 7 is reached, that is Tube 21 of the nozzle body 2, which has a correspondingly large Bore of the flange plate 7 penetrates with the flange plate 7 tightly welded all around. The flange plate 7, nozzle body 2 and Hüllstein 4 existing unit can then depending on If necessary, pulled out of the reactor wall opening or be reinstalled in them. Between the flange plate 7 and the angular frame 74 is preferably an elastic Seal 71 for sealing and releasable connection between the flange plate 7 and the wall-parallel leg of the angular frame 74 used.

This interchangeable nozzle system allows for a very short downtime of the reactor to replace defective nozzles from the outside. It is not necessary to walk inside the reactor. The change can be made within about 1 hour. The between the flange plate 7 and the outer end face of the nozzle block 4 and the envelope 60 remaining free space can with Insulating wool 8 or chamotte mortar must be filled out. This Variant is shown in Figures 1 and 2.

When using fan angle nozzles, the nozzle block can also divided and for better assembly with a circumferential Be wrapped in tape.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 7, provision can be made the shell mold 60 also by mortaring the cavity between the nozzle block and the lining from inside the reactor respectively.

For inspection and, if necessary, exchange purposes, the Fan nozzle together with the nozzle block and the flange plate disassembled. For this, the reactor does not need to be completely cooled to become.

Reference list

1

Nozzle, interchangeable nozzle system

2nd

metallic nozzle body

3rd

Stretch collar

4th

Nozzle block

5

Interface or surface

6

Lining

7

Flange plate

8th

Insulating wool or fireclay mortar

10th

Reactor interior

11

Reactor wall

20th

Air outlet gap

21

pipe

22

Connecting flange

23

Nozzle body attachment, weld seam

24th

Recess

25th

Retaining frame attachment, weld seam

40

Nozzle block screw connection

41

Protective stone

42

Pushing direction of the protective stone

43

Holding clamps of the metallic Nozzle body tube

44

Threaded rod

45

Setting angle with nut

60

Envelope shape, enveloping stone

61

Hüllstein holding frame

62

Location, adjustment hole from the Hüllstein

71

elastic seal

72

Wedge

73

Retaining screw

74

Angular frame

75

Angle frame attachment, weld seam

76

Nozzle block tensioning screws

Claims (22)

1. A device for introducing a fluid flow into the interior of high-temperature reactors having a refractory lining, such as heat exchangers of rotary tubular kilns for cement production,
   with an interchangeable nozzle (1), such as an angular fan nozzle, with a high-temperature-resistant metallic nozzle body (2) penetrating through the lining of the high-temperature reactor at least in part, preferably with a slot-shaped discharge gap (20), and with a tube (21) connected to the nozzle body (2) for supplying the fluid, preferably for connexion to an external air gun for supplying a fluid flow,
   characterized in that

   the nozzle (1) comprises an expansion collar (3), in particular of resilient, high-temperature-resistant material, preferably of ceramic-fibre fleece or glass-fibre needled felt approximately 10 mm thick, a nozzle block (4) preferably shaped conically on the outside, and a separation face (5) or a separation layer (5) of high-temperature-resistant, resilient material, wherein

   the expansion collar (3) is arranged between the metallic nozzle body (2) and the nozzle block (4),

   the nozzle block (4) terminates with the lining approximately flush with the inner face of the lining and is separated by the separation face (5) or the separation layer (5) from an enveloping form (60), in particular an enveloping block (6), preferably shaped conically internally and corresponding to the shape of the nozzle block (4), in the masonry lining (6).
2. A device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the expansion collar (3) surrounds the metallic nozzle body (2) at least along a continuous line.
3. A device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the nozzle block (4) and the metallic nozzle body (2) are held by a flange plate (7) mounted outside the reactor chamber.
4. A device according to Claim 3, characterized in that the flange plate (7) closes an aperture in the reactor wall which is formed in such a way that the nozzle block (4) together with the nozzle body (2) is insertable in the aperture in the reactor wall from the outside into the reactor (10).
5. A device according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the nozzle block (4) together with the nozzle body (2) is insertable in an aperture in the reactor wall from the outside into the reactor (10).
6. A device according to one of Claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the nozzle block (4) is provided with bolting means which are adjustable in length and which are preferably rigidly connected to the flange plate (7), in particular in order to pre-assemble the nozzle block (4) together with the flange plate (7) as a unit and/or as a withdrawal device in order to pull the nozzle block (4) out of the enveloping block (60).
7. A device according to one of Claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the nozzle body (2) is firmly held together with the flange plate (7), for example by a detachable flange, but is preferably rigidly connected by an external annular weld (75).
8. A device according to one of Claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the space between the nozzle block (4) and the flange plate (7) is left free and the said space is filled - following the outline of the nozzle block (4) - with insulating wool, fire-proof cement (8) or similar thermal insulation.
9. A device according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the separating layer between the nozzle block (4) and the enveloping block (60) or the enveloping form (60) consists of a ceramic-fibre paper or fleece approximately 2 to 5 mm thick.
10. A device according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the enveloping block (60) or the enveloping form (60) is formed by high-temperature-resistant cement.
11. A device according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the enveloping form is formed by a preferably annular enveloping block (60), the internal outline of which corresponds to the shape of the nozzle block (4) and the separating layer (5) surrounding it, and the enveloping block (60) is joined to the masonry lining (6) directly or by high-temperature-resistant cement.
12. A device according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the enveloping block (60) is anchored to the outer reactor wall (1), and in particular is connected to an angled frame member (74) and is anchored to the outer steel wall by way of the angled frame member (74).
13. A device according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that a moulded body, which corresponds to the outer shape of the nozzle block (4) with the separating layer (5) surrounding it, occupies the place of the nozzle block during the bricking-up and filling of the reactor with high-temperature-resistant cement, so that - optionally with a single moulded body - the fitting openings for all the nozzle blocks can be produced during the bricking-up.
14. A device according to one of Claims 3 to 13, characterized in that the flange plate (7) is provided with a resilient seal (71) towards the steel wall.
15. A device according to one of Claims 3 to 14, characterized in that the flange plate (7) is pressed by way of connexion elements (73), such as bolt connexions, distributed uniformly over the periphery against an angled frame member (74) or the like (reinforcing or fastening frame) in particular reinforcing the aperture in the reactor wall.
16. A device according to one of Claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the nozzle block (4) and optionally the enveloping block (60) are produced in a separate mould and are preferably undivided.
17. A device according to one of Claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the nozzle block (4) substantially consists of high-temperature-resistant silicon carbide.
18. A device according to one of Claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the enveloping block (60) is provided with a retaining frame (61) and forms a unit with the reinforcing or fastening frame (74) by joining, and in particular by welding, the retaining frame (61).
19. A device according to one of Claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the reinforcing or fastening frame (74) is provided with a relatively long arm, with the aid of which differences in the wall thickness in the masonry are compensated by pushing the reinforcing or fastening frame (74) in or out with respect to the steel wall.
20. A device according to one of Claims 1 to 19, characterized in that adjustment angle members (45) are provided which can be pivoted under the nozzle block (4) after the assembly of the said nozzle block (4) and which thus ensure the positioning of the nozzle block (4) in the enveloping block (60).
21. A device according to one of Claims 1 to 20, characterized in that retaining means (73) are mounted on the tube (21) of the nozzle (1) and ensure the precise positioning and retention of the nozzle block (4) with respect to the nozzle (1) by means of adjustment screws.
22. A device according to one of Claims 1 to 21, characterized by a protection block (41) surrounding the nozzle body (2) as far as the discharge opening (20) of the nozzle (1) towards the inside (10) of the reactor chamber.

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