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EP0787022A1 - Process and device for suppressing an explosive fire, especially in hydrocarbons - Google Patents

Process and device for suppressing an explosive fire, especially in hydrocarbons

Info

Publication number
EP0787022A1
EP0787022A1 EP95935285A EP95935285A EP0787022A1 EP 0787022 A1 EP0787022 A1 EP 0787022A1 EP 95935285 A EP95935285 A EP 95935285A EP 95935285 A EP95935285 A EP 95935285A EP 0787022 A1 EP0787022 A1 EP 0787022A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fire
water
source
nozzles
water mist
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP95935285A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Arthur Alexander Eisenbeiss
Reinhard Zierler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PROTECHNIK PRODUKTIONS GmbH
Original Assignee
Intertechnik Techn Produktionen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Intertechnik Techn Produktionen GmbH filed Critical Intertechnik Techn Produktionen GmbH
Publication of EP0787022A1 publication Critical patent/EP0787022A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0072—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using sprayed or atomised water
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
    • A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
    • A62C35/023—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance the extinguishing material being expelled by compressed gas, taken from storage tanks, or by generating a pressure gas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for suppressing an explosion-like fire, in particular hydrocarbons, with the aid of a fire extinguishing agent which is distributed under pressure in the space immediately surrounding the source of the fire, at a speed adapted to the rate of spread of the fire , as well as on a device for performing the method.
  • halogenated carbons which are distributed in the space immediately surrounding the expected source of fire at a speed adapted to the speed of propagation of explosive petrol or oil fires.
  • This distribution of the fire extinguishing agent in fractions of a second is achieved by pyrotechnically opening a pressure container under a corresponding pressure, from which the halogen carbon used is emptied into the space to be protected under the acting container pressure. Due to its anti-catalytic effect, this halocarbon prevents oxidation which is sufficient for the spread of fire without displacing the oxygen in the room to be protected to an extent which endangers survival in this room.
  • a disadvantage of using such halogenated carbon materials is their environmental impact.
  • the cooling of the source of the fire associated with halogenated carbon is comparatively low.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of improving a method for suppressing explosive fires, in particular hydrocarbons of the type described at the outset, in such a way that very effective fire suppression can be ensured using an environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent.
  • the invention solves this problem in that water, if appropriate mixed with additives, is sprayed as a fire extinguishing agent by atomizing in the form of water mist in a minimum amount of 0.03 l / m 3 in the space immediately surrounding the source of the fire.
  • the use of water in the form of a water mist causes a very large surface area of the water droplets in comparison to the amount of water used, so that this amount of water evaporates very quickly with the absorption of appropriate heat of evaporation, which brings about a very advantageous cooling of the source of the fire for fire fighting , from which this heat of vaporization is extracted.
  • the evaporation-related transition from the liquid to the gaseous state of the water droplets is also associated with a very large increase in volume (factor 1600), with the effect that the air and thus the oxygen in the immediate vicinity of the source of the fire are displaced by the water vapor produced. which prevents the oxidation necessary for the spread of fire.
  • This oxygen displacement must be sufficient, which, given the volume changes given the transition from the liquid to the gaseous state, requires a certain amount of water per unit volume.
  • the droplet size of the water mist does not play a decisive role, because it can be assumed that in a water mist the water droplets do not exceed a certain average size of about 400 ⁇ m and that at this maximum droplet size the different evaporation speeds for the displacement of oxygen due to the different droplet sizes differ without is decisive influence.
  • Of essential importance when using water mist to suppress explosive fires is the evaporation of the water droplets controlled by the fire itself, which occurs increasingly wherever there is increased heat development.
  • a prerequisite for suppressing an explosive fire is always that the fire extinguishing agent can be distributed in the area of the fire in a sufficiently short period of time that is adapted to the rate of spread of the fire.
  • the spray path to the source of the fire must be restricted and sufficient acceleration of the water must be ensured in order to be able to fill the space in the immediate vicinity of the source of the fire with the water mist in the specified minimum amount.
  • water droplets of the water mist included an average speed of at least 5 m / s, preferably at least 10 m / s, sprayed after a distance of 1 m from the respective atomization site, so the usual framework conditions in the area of the fire source to be combated can be well met Number of nozzles the predetermined minimum amount of water volume per room unit can be ensured
  • a pressurized water reservoir which is connected via at least one control valve to nozzles which are directed towards the area immediately surrounding the source of the fire.
  • a water mist can be sprayed in an amount sufficient for the process within a period of time adapted to the speed of propagation of an explosive fire in the space immediately surrounding the expected source of fire, at least three, preferably at least five, are dependent on the flow rate of the nozzles
  • the control valves having to have a pyrotechnic opening device which can be controlled by a fire detector, in order to ensure a sudden opening of the control valves and delays in the spraying of the water under a corresponding pressure due to the opening process to avoid the control valves.
  • Optoelectronic, thermoelectronic or acoustic sensors can be used for the fire detectors.
  • Another possibility of initiating the spraying of the water abruptly from a water container connected to a pressure application device is to form the pressure application device from a pressure chamber which is open to the water reservoir and is preferably closed by a pressure transmission body, in which a pressure chamber provided with an ignition device is formed Propellant charge is provided so that the propellant gases generated when the propellant charge is ignited cause the water from the water reservoir to be expelled through the connected nozzles without the need to actuate control valves.
  • the nozzles could at most be provided with closures which open when there is a pressure load, as is the case in the simplest case with one below a certain one Stress-tearing film is reached.
  • the pressure transmission body between the water reservoir and the pressure chamber not only brings about an advantageous introduction of pressure into the water reservoir, but also prevents the propellant gases from escaping into the space to be protected by the spray nozzles connected to the water reservoir.
  • the ignition device for the propellant charge In order not to accept a delay between fire detection and the initiation of the extinguishing process, the ignition device for the propellant charge must be actuated via a fire detector.
  • FIG. 1 shows a device according to the invention for suppressing an explosion-like fire of hydrocarbons in a simplified block diagram
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a fire suppression device according to the invention, modified in comparison with FIG. 1, likewise in a block diagram.
  • a plurality of spray heads 1 are connected to a pressurized water reservoir 3 via control valves 2. If the control valves 2 are opened, they can act on the water in the pressure water reservoir 3 due to the fact that
  • control valves 2 Pressure the water from the water reservoir 3 in the spray heads 1 are sprayed, which are provided for this purpose with nozzles, not shown.
  • nozzles not shown.
  • pyrotechnic opening devices 4 which are triggered by a control device 5 when a fire detector 6 responds and the evaluation of the signals of the fire detector 6 an actuation of the control valves 2 jointly or in one certain selection results.
  • Control valves 2 a spray of water is generated via the spray heads 1, which is sprayed into the area immediately surrounding the source of the fire and is to reach a density in a short time, for example in the range of 100 ms, which one
  • all lines, including that of the spray heads 1 must be filled with water and a sufficient number of spray heads 1 must be provided, and sufficient pressure must be exerted on the water to be expelled via the spray heads 1.
  • nozzle openings of 1 mm diameter With a suitable nozzle configuration, an average velocity of the mist droplets greater than 10 m / s is achieved at a pressure of 200 bar at a distance of 1 m from the spray heads 1, so that the conditions set are easily met can.
  • the mean diameter of the mist droplets is less than 400 ⁇ m, e.g. B. at 200 microns.
  • each spray head 1 is provided with a separate water reservoir 3, which merges into a pressure chamber 7, which has a propellant charge 8 with an ignition device 9.
  • This propellant charge 8 acts via a pressure transmission body 10, for example a piston, on the water of the water tank 3, which is suddenly sprayed out of the nozzle heads 1 when the ignition device 9 is ignited.
  • the ignition signals for the ignition devices 9 are emitted via a control device 5, which in turn is connected to a fire detector 6 for evaluating the received signals.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 can of course also be combined with one another, for example by adding a pressure chamber with a propellant charge to the water reservoir 3 according to FIG. 1 for pressurization in accordance with the proposal according to FIG. 2 is assigned.
  • the devices shown achieve a very effective suppression of even explosive fires of hydrocarbons without endangering survival in the rooms to be protected or polluting the environment, because due to the evaporation of the water mist in the immediate vicinity of the source of the fire effective oxygen displacement takes place and at the same time the source of the fire is cooled by the evaporation heat being removed.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)

Abstract

The description relates to a process and device for suppressing an explosive fire, especially in hydrocarbons, with the aid of an extinguishing agent which is distributed under pressure in the immediate vicinity of the seat of the fire at a rate suitable for the rate of spread of the fire. In order to fight a fire effectively without adverse environmental effects it is proposed that water be used as the extinguishing agent, sprayed from a water tank (3) in the immediate vicinity of the seat of the fire in the form of a mist in a minimum quantity of 0.03 l/m3.

Description

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Unterdrücken eines explosionsartig verlaufenden Brandes, insbesondere von KohlenwasserstoffenMethod and device for suppressing an explosive fire, in particular hydrocarbons
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Unterdrücken eines explo¬ sionsartig verlaufenden Brandes, insbesondere von Kohlenwasserstoffen, mit Hilfe eines Feuerlöschmittels, das unter Druck mit einer an die Ausbreitungs¬ geschwindigkeit des Brandes angepaßten Geschwindigkeit in dem den Brand- herd unmittelbar umgebenden Raum verteilt wird, sowie auf eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for suppressing an explosion-like fire, in particular hydrocarbons, with the aid of a fire extinguishing agent which is distributed under pressure in the space immediately surrounding the source of the fire, at a speed adapted to the rate of spread of the fire , as well as on a device for performing the method.
Zur Unterdrückung von explosionsartig verlaufenden Bränden, insbesondere in Fahrzeugen mit Verbrennungskraftmotoren, ist es bekannt, Halogenkohlenstoffe einzusetzen, die mit einer an die Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit von explosions¬ artig verlaufenden Benzin- oder Ölbränden angepaßten Geschwindigkeit in dem den zu erwartenden Brandherd unmittelbar umgebenden Raum verteilt werden. Diese Verteilung des Feuerlöschmittels in Sekundenbruchteilen wird durch ein pyrotechnisches öffnen eines unter einem entsprechenden Druck stehenden Druckbehälters erreicht, aus dem sich der zum Einsatz kommende Halogenkoh¬ lenstoff unter der einwirkenden Behälterdruck in den zu schützenden Raum entleert. Dieser Halogenkohlenstoff verhindert aufgrund eines antikatalytischen Effektes eine für die Brandausbreitung ausreichende Oxidation, ohne den Sauerstoff in dem zu schützenden Raum in einem Maß zu verdrängen, das ein Überleben in diesem Raum gefährdet. Nachteilig beim Einsatz solcher Halogen- kohienstoffe ist allerdings deren Umweltbelastung. Außerdem ist die mit Halo¬ genkohlenstoffen verbundene Kühlung des Brandherdes vergleichsweise gering.In order to suppress explosive fires, particularly in vehicles with internal combustion engines, it is known to use halogenated carbons which are distributed in the space immediately surrounding the expected source of fire at a speed adapted to the speed of propagation of explosive petrol or oil fires. This distribution of the fire extinguishing agent in fractions of a second is achieved by pyrotechnically opening a pressure container under a corresponding pressure, from which the halogen carbon used is emptied into the space to be protected under the acting container pressure. Due to its anti-catalytic effect, this halocarbon prevents oxidation which is sufficient for the spread of fire without displacing the oxygen in the room to be protected to an extent which endangers survival in this room. A disadvantage of using such halogenated carbon materials is their environmental impact. In addition, the cooling of the source of the fire associated with halogenated carbon is comparatively low.
Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Unterdrük- kung von explosionsartig verlaufenden Bränden, insbesonderen von Kohlen¬ wasserstoffen der eingangs geschilderten Art so zu verbessern, daß eine sehr wirksame Brandunterdrückung mit einem umweltfreundlichen Feuerlöschmittel sichergestellt werden kann. Die Erfindung löst die gestellte Aufgabe dadurch, daß als Feuerlöschmittel gegebenenfalls mit Zusätzen vermischtes Wasser durch ein Verdüsen in Form von Wassernebel in einer Mindestmenge von 0,03 l/m3 in dem den Brandherd unmittelbar umgebenden Raum versprüht wird.The invention is therefore based on the object of improving a method for suppressing explosive fires, in particular hydrocarbons of the type described at the outset, in such a way that very effective fire suppression can be ensured using an environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent. The invention solves this problem in that water, if appropriate mixed with additives, is sprayed as a fire extinguishing agent by atomizing in the form of water mist in a minimum amount of 0.03 l / m 3 in the space immediately surrounding the source of the fire.
Der Einsatz von Wasser bzw. Wassernebel zur Feuerbekämpfung ist selbstver¬ ständlich bekannt, nicht aber für die Bekämpfung von Kohlenwasserstoff-Brän¬ den, für deren Bekämpfung Wasser als Feuerlöschmittel tunlichst vermieden wurde. Es hat sich jedoch in überraschender Weise gezeigt, daß auch explo- sionsartig verlaufende Brände von Kohlenwasserstoffen sehr wirksam mit Hilfe eines Wassernebels unterdrückt werden können, wenn der Wassernebel aus einer Wassermenge von mindestens 0,03 l/m3 in dem den Brandherd unmittel¬ bar umgebenden Raum versprüht wird. Der Wassereinsatz in Form eines Wassernebels bedingt nämlich eine im Vergleich zur eingesetzten Wasser- menge sehr große Oberfläche der Wassertröpfchen, so daß diese Wasser¬ menge sehr rasch unter Aufnahme einer entsprechenden Verdampfungswärme verdampft, was eine für die Brandbekämpfung sehr vorteilhafte Kühlung des Brandherdes mit sich bringt, dem diese Verdampfungswärme ja entzogen wird. Mit dem verdampfungsbedingten Übergang vom flüssigen zum gasförmigen Zustand der Wassertröpfchen ist außerdem eine sehr starke Volumsvergröße¬ rung (Faktor 1600) verbunden, und zwar mit der Wirkung, daß durch den entstehenden Wasserdampf die Luft und damit der Sauerstoff im unmittelbaren Umgebungsbereich des Brandherdes verdrängt wird, was die für eine Brandaus¬ breitung notwendige Oxidation unterbindet. Diese Sauerstoffverdrängung muß ausreichend sein, was bei den gegebenen Volumsänderungen beim Übergang vom flüssigen zum gasförmigen Zustand eine bestimmte Wassermenge je Volumseinheit voraussetzt. Die Tröpfchengröße des Wassernebels spielt dabei keine entscheidende Rolle, weil davon ausgegangen werden kann, daß in einem Wassernebel die Wassertröpfchen eine bestimmte mittlere Größe von etwa 400 μm nicht übersteigen und daß bei dieser maximalen Tröpfchengröße die zufolge unterschiedlicher Tröpfchengrößen unterschiedliche Verdampfungsgeschwindig¬ keit für die Sauerstoffverdrängung ohne entscheidenden Einfluß ist. Von wesentlicher Bedeutung beim Einsatz von Wassernebel zur Unterdrückung explosionsartig verlaufender Brande ist jedoch die vom Brandgeschehen selbst gesteuerte Verdampfung der Wassertropfchen, die überall dort verstärkt auftritt, wo sich eine vermehrte Hitzeentwicklung ergibt. Aufgrund der bei einer größeren Hitzeentwicklung größeren Verdampfung des Wassernebels wird einerseits der Brandherd in diesem ortlichen Bereich verstärkt gekühlt und anderseits der Sauerstoff aus diesem Bereich verdrängt, was zur Unterdrückung des Brandes führt. Außerhalb eines solchen Verdampfungsbereiches bleibt die Wassemebel- atmosphare aufrecht, so daß ein Überleben in dem so geschützten Raum sichergestellt ist. In diesem Zusammenhang ist noch zu erwähnen, daß die Strahlungsenergie des Brandherdes durch die Absorptionswirkung der Wasser¬ tröpfchen des Wassernebels mit der Entfernung vom Brandherd spürbar ver¬ ringert wird.The use of water or water mist for fighting fires is of course known, but not for fighting hydrocarbon fires, for fighting water as a fire extinguishing agent has been avoided as far as possible. However, it has surprisingly been found that even explosion-like fires of hydrocarbons can be suppressed very effectively with the aid of a water mist if the water mist from a water quantity of at least 0.03 l / m 3 in which the source of the fire is immediate surrounding space is sprayed. The use of water in the form of a water mist causes a very large surface area of the water droplets in comparison to the amount of water used, so that this amount of water evaporates very quickly with the absorption of appropriate heat of evaporation, which brings about a very advantageous cooling of the source of the fire for fire fighting , from which this heat of vaporization is extracted. The evaporation-related transition from the liquid to the gaseous state of the water droplets is also associated with a very large increase in volume (factor 1600), with the effect that the air and thus the oxygen in the immediate vicinity of the source of the fire are displaced by the water vapor produced. which prevents the oxidation necessary for the spread of fire. This oxygen displacement must be sufficient, which, given the volume changes given the transition from the liquid to the gaseous state, requires a certain amount of water per unit volume. The droplet size of the water mist does not play a decisive role, because it can be assumed that in a water mist the water droplets do not exceed a certain average size of about 400 μm and that at this maximum droplet size the different evaporation speeds for the displacement of oxygen due to the different droplet sizes differ without is decisive influence. Of essential importance when using water mist to suppress explosive fires, however, is the evaporation of the water droplets controlled by the fire itself, which occurs increasingly wherever there is increased heat development. Due to the greater evaporation of the water mist with greater heat development, on the one hand the source of the fire in this local area is increasingly cooled and on the other hand the oxygen is displaced from this area, which leads to the suppression of the fire. Outside of such an evaporation area, the water mist atmosphere remains, so that survival in the space protected in this way is ensured. In this connection it should also be mentioned that the radiation energy of the source of the fire is noticeably reduced by the absorption effect of the water droplets of the water mist with the distance from the source of the fire.
Voraussetzung für die Unterdrückung eines explosionsartig verlaufenden Bran¬ des ist stets, daß das Feuerloschmittel in einer an die Ausbreitungsgeschwindig¬ keit des Brandes angepaßten, ausreichend kurzen Zeitspanne im Bereich des Brandherdes verteilt werden kann Dies gilt selbstverständlich auch für das Versprühen von Wassernebel. Zu diesem Zweck muß die Sprühstrecke bis zum Brandherd beschrankt sein und für eine ausreichende Beschleunigung des verεorühten Wassers gesorgt werden, um den Raum im unmittelbaren Umge¬ bungsbereich des Brandherdes mit dem Wassernebel in der vorgegebenen Mindestmenge füllen zu können Werden die Wassertropfchen des Wasser¬ nebels mit einer mittleren Geschwindigkeit von wenigstens 5 m/s, vorzugsweise wenigstens 10 m/s, nach einer Entfernung von 1 m vom jeweiligen Verdüsungs- ort versprüht, so kann den üblichen Rahmenbedingungen im Bereich der zu bekämpfenden Brandherde gut entsprochen werden Es muß jedoch durch eine entsprechende Anzahl von Düsen die vorgegebene Mindestmenge an Wasser¬ volumen je Raumeinheit sichergestellt werdenA prerequisite for suppressing an explosive fire is always that the fire extinguishing agent can be distributed in the area of the fire in a sufficiently short period of time that is adapted to the rate of spread of the fire. This naturally also applies to the spraying of water mist. For this purpose, the spray path to the source of the fire must be restricted and sufficient acceleration of the water must be ensured in order to be able to fill the space in the immediate vicinity of the source of the fire with the water mist in the specified minimum amount. Are the water droplets of the water mist included an average speed of at least 5 m / s, preferably at least 10 m / s, sprayed after a distance of 1 m from the respective atomization site, so the usual framework conditions in the area of the fire source to be combated can be well met Number of nozzles the predetermined minimum amount of water volume per room unit can be ensured
Es braucht wohl nicht besonders hervorgehoben zu werden, daß nicht nur reines Wasser, sondern auch Wasser mit Zusätzen, beispielsweise mit einem Frostschutzmittel, Verwendung finden kann. Es muß aber stets die gute Ver¬ dampfung des Wassers gewähleistet bleiben.It does not need to be particularly emphasized that not only pure water, but also water with additives, for example with a Antifreeze, can be used. However, the good evaporation of the water must always be ensured.
Zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens kann von wenigstens einem unter Druck stehenden Wasserspeicher ausgegangen werden, der über zumindest ein Steuerventil an Düsen angeschlossen ist, die gegen den den Brandherd unmittelbar umgebenden Raum gerichtet sind. Damit ein Wasser¬ nebel in einer für das Verfahren ausreichenden Menge innerhalb einer an die Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit eines explosionsartig verlaufenden Brandes angepaßten Zeitspanne in dem den zu erwartenden Brandherd unmittelbar umschließenden Raum versprüht werden kann, sind in Abhängigkeit von der Durchflußleistung der Düsen wenigstens drei, vorzugsweise wenigstens fünf Düsen je m* des mit Wassernebel zu versetzenden Raumes vorzusehen, wobei die Steuerventile eine über einen Brandmelder ansteuerbare, pyrotechnische Öffnungseinrichtung aufweisen müssen, um ein schlagartiges öffnen der Steuer¬ ventile zu gewährleisten und Verzögerungen beim Verdüsen des unter einem entsprechenden Druck stehenden Wassers durch den Öffnungsvorgang der Steuerventile zu vermeiden. Für die Brandmelder können dabei optoelektroni¬ sche, thermoelektronische oder akkustische Sensoren zum Einsatz kommen.To carry out the method according to the invention, it can be assumed that there is at least one pressurized water reservoir which is connected via at least one control valve to nozzles which are directed towards the area immediately surrounding the source of the fire. So that a water mist can be sprayed in an amount sufficient for the process within a period of time adapted to the speed of propagation of an explosive fire in the space immediately surrounding the expected source of fire, at least three, preferably at least five, are dependent on the flow rate of the nozzles Provide nozzles per m * of the room to be filled with water mist, the control valves having to have a pyrotechnic opening device which can be controlled by a fire detector, in order to ensure a sudden opening of the control valves and delays in the spraying of the water under a corresponding pressure due to the opening process to avoid the control valves. Optoelectronic, thermoelectronic or acoustic sensors can be used for the fire detectors.
Eine andere Möglichkeit, die Verdüsung des Wassers aus einem an eine Druck¬ beaufschlagungseinrichtung angeschlossenen Wasserbehälter schlagartig einzuleiten, besteht darin, die Druckbeaufschlagungseinrichtung aus einer gegen den Wasserspeicher offenen und diesem gegenüber vorzugsweise durch einen Druckübertragungskörper verschlossenen Druckkammer zu bilden, in der eine mit einer Zündeinrichtung versehene Treibladung vorgesehen ist, so daß die beim Zünden der Treibladung entstehenden Treibgase für ein Austreiben des Wassers aus dem Wasserspeicher durch die angeschlossenen Düsen sorgen, ohne daß hiefür Steuerventile betätigt werden müssen. Um das Ausfließen von Wasser aus dem Wasserspeicher durch die Düsen zu verhindern, könnten die Düsen höchstens mit Verschlüssen versehen werden, die bei einer Druckbela¬ stung öffnen, wie dies im einfachsten Fall durch eine unter einem bestimmten Belastungsdruck einreißende Folie erreicht wird. Der Druckübertragungskörper zwischen dem Wasserspeicher und der Druckkammer bringt nicht nur eine vorteilhafte Druckeinleitung in den Wasserspeicher mit sich, sondern verhindert auch ein austreten der Treibgase in den zu schützenden Raum durch die an den Wasserspeicher angeschlossenen Sprühdüsen. Um keine Verzögerung zwischen der Branderkennung und der Einleitung des Löschvorganges in Kauf zu nehmen, ist die Zündeinrichtung für die Treibladung über einen Brandmelder zu betätigen.Another possibility of initiating the spraying of the water abruptly from a water container connected to a pressure application device is to form the pressure application device from a pressure chamber which is open to the water reservoir and is preferably closed by a pressure transmission body, in which a pressure chamber provided with an ignition device is formed Propellant charge is provided so that the propellant gases generated when the propellant charge is ignited cause the water from the water reservoir to be expelled through the connected nozzles without the need to actuate control valves. In order to prevent water from flowing out of the water reservoir through the nozzles, the nozzles could at most be provided with closures which open when there is a pressure load, as is the case in the simplest case with one below a certain one Stress-tearing film is reached. The pressure transmission body between the water reservoir and the pressure chamber not only brings about an advantageous introduction of pressure into the water reservoir, but also prevents the propellant gases from escaping into the space to be protected by the spray nozzles connected to the water reservoir. In order not to accept a delay between fire detection and the initiation of the extinguishing process, the ignition device for the propellant charge must be actuated via a fire detector.
An Hand der Zeichnung wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Unter¬ drücken eines explosionsartig verlaufenden Brandes näher erläutert. Es zeigen Fig. 1 eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Unterdrückung eines explosions¬ artig verlaufenden Brandes von Kohlenwasserstoffen in einem verein¬ fachten Blockschaltbild und Fig. 2 eine gegenüber der Fig. 1 abgeänderte Ausführungsform einer erfin¬ dungsgemäßen Brandunterdrückungsvorrichtung ebenfalls in einem Blockschaltbild.The method according to the invention for suppressing an explosive fire is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. 1 shows a device according to the invention for suppressing an explosion-like fire of hydrocarbons in a simplified block diagram, and FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a fire suppression device according to the invention, modified in comparison with FIG. 1, likewise in a block diagram.
Gemäß der Fig. 1 sind mehrere Sprühköpfe 1 über Steuerventile 2 an einen Druckwasserspeicher 3 angeschlossen. Werden die Steuerventile 2 geöffnet, so kann aufgrund des auf das Wasser im Druckwasserspeicher 3 einwirkenden1, a plurality of spray heads 1 are connected to a pressurized water reservoir 3 via control valves 2. If the control valves 2 are opened, they can act on the water in the pressure water reservoir 3 due to the fact that
Druckes das Wasser aus dem Wasserspeicher 3 in den Sprühköpfen 1 verdüst werden, die zu diesem Zweck mit nicht näher dargestellten Düsen versehen sind. Um die Steuerventile 2 schlagartig öffnen zu können, sind sie mit pyrotech- nischen Öffnungseinrichtungen 4 versehen, die von einer Steuereinrichtung 5 her gezündet werden, wenn ein Brandmelder 6 anspricht und die Auswertung der Signale des Brandmelders 6 eine Betätigung der Steuerventile 2 gemeinsam oder in einer bestimmten Auswahl ergibt. Nach dem schlagartigen öffnen derPressure the water from the water reservoir 3 in the spray heads 1 are sprayed, which are provided for this purpose with nozzles, not shown. In order to be able to open the control valves 2 abruptly, they are provided with pyrotechnic opening devices 4 which are triggered by a control device 5 when a fire detector 6 responds and the evaluation of the signals of the fire detector 6 an actuation of the control valves 2 jointly or in one certain selection results. After the sudden opening of the
Steuerventile 2 wird über die Sprühköpfe 1 ein Wassernebel erzeugt, der in den den Brandherd unmittelbar umgebenden Raum gesprüht wird und in kurzer Zeit, beispielsweise im Bereich von 100 ms, eine Dichte erreichen soll, die einerControl valves 2, a spray of water is generated via the spray heads 1, which is sprayed into the area immediately surrounding the source of the fire and is to reach a density in a short time, for example in the range of 100 ms, which one
Wassermenge von mindestens 0,03 l/m3, vorzugsweise wenigstens 0,05 l/m3, entspricht. Um diese Bedingung erfüllen zu können, müssen alle Leitungen ein¬ schließlich der der Sprühköpfe 1 mit Wasser gefüllt und eine ausreichende Anzahl von Sprühköpfen 1 vorgesehen sein sowie ein ausreichender Druck auf das über die Sprühköpfe 1 auszutreibende Wasser ausgeübt werden. Bei Düsenöffnungen von 1 mm Durchmesser wird bei einer geeigneten Düsen¬ ausgestaltung bei einem Druck von 200 bar im Abstand von 1 m von den Sprühköpfen 1 eine mittlere Geschwindigkeit der Nebeltröpfchen größer als 10 m/s erreicht, so daß die gestellten Bedingungen ohne weiteres erfüllt werden können. Der mittere Durchmesser der Nebeltröpfchen liegt dabei unter 400 μm, z. B. bei 200 μm.Amount of water of at least 0.03 l / m 3 , preferably at least 0.05 l / m 3 , equivalent. In order to be able to meet this condition, all lines, including that of the spray heads 1, must be filled with water and a sufficient number of spray heads 1 must be provided, and sufficient pressure must be exerted on the water to be expelled via the spray heads 1. With nozzle openings of 1 mm diameter, with a suitable nozzle configuration, an average velocity of the mist droplets greater than 10 m / s is achieved at a pressure of 200 bar at a distance of 1 m from the spray heads 1, so that the conditions set are easily met can. The mean diameter of the mist droplets is less than 400 μm, e.g. B. at 200 microns.
Nach der Fig. 2 ist jeder Sprühkopf 1 mit einem gesonderten Wasserspeicher 3 versehen, der in eine Druckkammer 7 übergeht, die eine Treibladung 8 mit einer Zündeinrichtung 9 aufweist. Diese Treibladung 8 wirkt über einen Drucküber- tragungskörper 10, beispielsweise einen Kolben, auf das Wasser des Wasser¬ behälters 3, das beim Zünden der Zündeinrichtung 9 schlagartig aus den Düsenköpfen 1 versprüht wird. Durch die Wahl der Treibladung kann der Druck auf das Wasser des Wasserspeichers 3 und damit die Austreibgeschwindigkeit entsprechend den jeweiligen Forderungen eingestellt werden. Die Zündsignale für die Zündeinrichtungen 9 werden über eine Steuereinrichtung 5 abgegeben, die wiederum mit einem Brandmelder 6 zur Auswertung der empfangenen Signale verbunden ist.According to FIG. 2, each spray head 1 is provided with a separate water reservoir 3, which merges into a pressure chamber 7, which has a propellant charge 8 with an ignition device 9. This propellant charge 8 acts via a pressure transmission body 10, for example a piston, on the water of the water tank 3, which is suddenly sprayed out of the nozzle heads 1 when the ignition device 9 is ignited. By selecting the propellant charge, the pressure on the water of the water reservoir 3 and thus the expulsion speed can be set according to the respective requirements. The ignition signals for the ignition devices 9 are emitted via a control device 5, which in turn is connected to a fire detector 6 for evaluating the received signals.
Die in den Fig. 1 und 2 in ihrem grundsätzlichen Aufbau gezeigten Vorrichtun- gen können selbstverständlich auch miteinander kombiniert werden, indem beispielsweise dem Wasserspeicher 3 gemäß der Fig. 1 zur Druckbeaufschla¬ gung eine Druckkammer mit einer Treibladung entsprechend dem Vorschlag nach der Fig. 2 zugeordnet wird.The basic structure of the devices shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can of course also be combined with one another, for example by adding a pressure chamber with a propellant charge to the water reservoir 3 according to FIG. 1 for pressurization in accordance with the proposal according to FIG. 2 is assigned.
Unter der Voraussetzung, daß aufgrund der Auswahl und Anordnung der Sprühköpfe 1 für eine zumindest angenähert gleichmäßige Verteilung des im Brandfall erzeugten Wassernebels im Raum unmittelbar um den zu erwartenden Brandherd gesorgt wird, wird durch die dargestellten Vorrichtungen eine sehr wirksame Unterdrückung auch explosionsartig verlaufender Brände von Kohlen¬ wasserstoffen erreicht, ohne ein Überleben in den zu schützenden Räumen zu gefährden oder die Umwelt zu belasten, weil aufgrund der Verdampfung des Wassernebels im unmittelbaren Umgebungsbereich des Brandherdes eine wirkungsvolle Sauerstoffverdrängung stattfindet und zugleich der Brandherd durch einen Entzug der Verdampfungswärme gekühlt wird. Provided that due to the selection and arrangement of the spray heads 1 for an at least approximately uniform distribution of the water mist generated in the event of fire in the room immediately around the expected If the source of the fire is taken care of, the devices shown achieve a very effective suppression of even explosive fires of hydrocarbons without endangering survival in the rooms to be protected or polluting the environment, because due to the evaporation of the water mist in the immediate vicinity of the source of the fire effective oxygen displacement takes place and at the same time the source of the fire is cooled by the evaporation heat being removed.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Patent claims
1. Verfahren zum Unterdrücken eines explosionsartig verlaufenden Brandes, insbesondere von Kohlenwasserstoffen, mit Hilfe eines Feuerlöschmittels, das unter Druck mit einer an die Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit des Brandes ange¬ paßten Geschwindigkeit in dem den Brandherd unmittelbar umgebenden Raum verteilt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Feuerlöschmittel gegebenenfalls mit Zusätzen vermischtes Wasser durch ein Verdüsen in Form von Wassernebel in einer Mindestmenge von 0,03 l/m3 in dem den Brandherd unmittelbar umge¬ benden Raum versprüht wird.1. A method for suppressing an explosive fire, in particular hydrocarbons, with the aid of a fire extinguishing agent which is distributed under pressure at a speed adapted to the rate of spread of the fire in the space immediately surrounding the source of the fire, characterized in that the fire extinguishing agent, if appropriate water mixed with additives is sprayed by atomizing in the form of water mist in a minimum amount of 0.03 l / m 3 in the area immediately surrounding the source of the fire.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wasser¬ tröpfchen des Wassernebels mit einer mittleren Geschwindigkeit von wenigstens 5 m/s, vorzugsweise wenigstens 10 m/s, nach einer Entfernung von 1 m vom jeweiligen Verdüsungsort versprüht werden.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the water droplets of the water mist are sprayed at an average speed of at least 5 m / s, preferably at least 10 m / s, after a distance of 1 m from the respective atomization site.
3. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 mit wenigstens einem unter Druck stehenden Wasserspeicher (3), der über zu¬ mindest ein Steuerventil (2) an Düsen angeschlossen ist, die gegen den den Brandherd unmittelbar umgebenden Raum gerichtet sind, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, daß wenigstens drei, vorzugsweise wenigstens fünf Düsen je m3 des mit Wassernebel zu versetzenden Raumes vorgesehen sind und daß die Steuerven¬ tile (2) eine über einen Brandmelder (6) ansteuerbare, pyrotechnische Öffnungs¬ einrichtung (4) aufweisen.3. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1 or 2 with at least one pressurized water reservoir (3) which is connected via at least one control valve (2) to nozzles which are directed towards the space immediately surrounding the source of the fire, thereby gekennzeich¬ net that at least three, preferably at least five nozzles are provided per m 3 of the room to be filled with water mist and that the control valves (2) have a pyrotechnic opening device (4) which can be controlled by a fire detector (6).
4. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 mit wenigstens einem an eine Druckbeaufschlagungseinrichtung angeschlossenen4. Device for performing the method according to claim 1 or 2 with at least one connected to a pressurization device
Wasserspeicher (3), der an gegen den den Brandherd unmittelbar umgebendenWater storage (3), the against the immediate surrounding the source of the fire
Raum gerichtete Düsen angeschlossen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens drei, vorzugsweise wenigstens fünf Düsen je m3 des mit Wasser¬ nebel zu versetzenden Raumes vorgesehen sind und daß die Druckbeauf¬ schlagungseinrichtung aus einer gegen den Wasserspeicher (3) offenen und diesem gegenüber vorzugsweise durch einen Druckübertragungskörper (10) verschlossenen Druckkammer (7) besteht, in der eine mit einer Zündeinrichtung (9) versehene Treibladung (8) vorgesehen ist. Space-directed nozzles is connected, characterized in that at least three, preferably at least five, nozzles per m 3 of the space to be filled with water mist are provided, and that the pressure application device consists of a pressure chamber (7) which is open against the water reservoir (3) and is closed to it preferably by a pressure transmission body (10) there is a propellant charge (8) provided with an ignition device (9).
EP95935285A 1994-10-20 1995-10-19 Process and device for suppressing an explosive fire, especially in hydrocarbons Withdrawn EP0787022A1 (en)

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AT197294 1994-10-20
AT1972/94 1994-10-20
PCT/AT1995/000205 WO1996012526A1 (en) 1994-10-20 1995-10-19 Process and device for suppressing an explosive fire, especially in hydrocarbons

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EP (1) EP0787022A1 (en)
KR (1) KR970706869A (en)
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US5899277A (en) 1999-05-04
US6047777A (en) 2000-04-11
SK283213B6 (en) 2003-03-04
WO1996012526A1 (en) 1996-05-02
FI971604A0 (en) 1997-04-16
CZ289335B6 (en) 2002-01-16
CZ119397A3 (en) 1997-07-16
FI971604L (en) 1997-04-21
SK48297A3 (en) 1997-10-08

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