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EP0783190B1 - Passive x-y-z Antenne für ein Antwortsendegerät - Google Patents

Passive x-y-z Antenne für ein Antwortsendegerät Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0783190B1
EP0783190B1 EP19970100021 EP97100021A EP0783190B1 EP 0783190 B1 EP0783190 B1 EP 0783190B1 EP 19970100021 EP19970100021 EP 19970100021 EP 97100021 A EP97100021 A EP 97100021A EP 0783190 B1 EP0783190 B1 EP 0783190B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
transponder
signals
antenna
unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19970100021
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0783190A1 (de
Inventor
JOSEF H. SCHüRMANN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Texas Instruments Deutschland GmbH
Original Assignee
Texas Instruments Deutschland GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Texas Instruments Deutschland GmbH filed Critical Texas Instruments Deutschland GmbH
Publication of EP0783190A1 publication Critical patent/EP0783190A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0783190B1 publication Critical patent/EP0783190B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • H01Q7/06—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop with core of ferromagnetic material
    • H01Q7/08—Ferrite rod or like elongated core
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a transponder unit adapted to communicate with an interrogation unit by transmitting RF signals to and receiving RF signals from the interrogation unit.
  • transponder units in combination with interrogation units are appropriate for many applications, including many in which either the transponder or communication unit is mobile, as where either the transponder unit or the reader unit, or both, are carried by a person, in an automobile or other mobile vehicle, or attached to an animal.
  • the transponder unit should be able to effectively receive and transmit RF carrier signals when it is oriented in any of a variety of directions and distances relative to the interrogation unit.
  • a transponder unit which is provided with two antennas having a dipole-type pattern and being oriented in two orthogonal directions with respect to each other as far as the direction of their pattern maxima are concerned.
  • a switch is provided for connecting the receiving part of the unit to one or the other of the two antennas depending on the level of the received RF signals. This means that only one of the two antennas is active so that no true omnidirectional pattern exists.
  • the transponder unit "scans" the environment by switching from one of the antennas to the other. The switching requires additional control circuitry for evaluating the level of the received signals and for generating a control signal by which switching from one antenna to the other can be effected.
  • the transponder unit disclosed in the before-mentioned document is not provided with any means for generating its own supply voltage from the received RF signals.
  • an antenna system which includes two elongated ferrite antennas oriented with respect to each other in two orthogonal directions so that an omnidirectional pattern is achieved. However, the antenna coils are coupled with each other so as to provide a critically coupled band pass filter. This antenna system is intended for use in a receiver for receiving time signals use for synchronizing radio controlled clocks.
  • transponder unit which can effectively transmit and receive RF signals from a remote interrogation unit when these units are oriented in many different directions and distances relative to each other.
  • a transponder unit of the type described above is provided which is characterized by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • the transponder unit can effectively receive RF signals irrespective of the orientation of the transponder unit with respect to the interrogation unit. Moreover, by use of the resonant tuning circuits and the diodes DC voltages can be derived from the received RF signals, which DC voltages are superimposed and added in order to construct a single supply voltage for the transponder unit.
  • FIG. 1 is a graphical representation of one arrangement of antennas according to the present invention.
  • one embodiment of the invention comprises an air coil 10, shown here oriented in the Y direction, and one or more ferrite coil antennas.
  • FIG. 1 shows two such ferrite coil antennas 12 and 14, oriented in the X and Z directions, respectively.
  • the ferrite antennas are therefore oriented approximately 90 degrees relative to each other, and from the air coil 10.
  • the ferrite antennas 12 and 14 may be of any conventional construction, such as antennas used in conventional automobile-type transponders.
  • the individual air coil 10 and the ferrite antenna coils 12 and 14 have a dipole-type pattern with maxima and minima.
  • a transponder unit is able to effectively receive and reconstruct RF carrier signals which are oriented in any direction relative to the transponder with minimal degradation.
  • the strength of a received RF signal would vary according to whether the antenna was properly aligned in the plane of the signal. Even if the antenna were located adjacent a maxima of the carrier signal, the antenna's ability to receive the signal accurately could be reduced significantly if the antenna were improperly oriented relative to the plane of the signal.
  • a transponder antenna constructed according to the present invention is suitable for a wide range of applications for which conventional antenna arrangements are inadequate, such as applications in which either the transponder or reader unit, or both, are moveable relative to each other, including, for example, when the transponder or reader units are mounted on vehicles or carried by human beings.
  • one air coil antenna may be combined with one ferrite antenna coil in order to provide directionality in two planes, e.g., X + Y, X + Z, or Z + Y.
  • more than three antennas may be used as necessary for improved directionality.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example of three antennas 10, 12 and 14 mounted within a transponder unit in order to achieve the arrangement depicted in the graphical representation of FIG. 1.
  • ferrite coil antennas 12 and 14 are oriented with the longitudinal axis of the coils oriented in the X and Z directions, respectively.
  • the direction of flux or transmission for ferrite coil antennas lies along this longitudinal axis (in a direction relative to the coil indicated by the "right-hand rule", or parallel to the "barrel" of the generally tubular coil), so that orienting the coils 12 and 14 along these axes will cause the coils 12 and 14 to transmit and receive RF carrier signals along the X and Z axes, respectively.
  • Air coil 10 is positioned within the transponder unit as shown in FIG. 2.
  • Air coil 10 is a generally flat planar coil which operates such that the direction of flux (the direction in which signals are transmitted from and received by the coil) is perpendicular to the plane of the coil.
  • the generally flat planar shape of air coil 10 permits antennas 10, 12 and 14 to be arranged so that the ferrite coils 12 and 14 lie in generally the same plane as air coil 10, so that the antenna arrangement occupies very little space. Since the arrangement depicted in FIG. 2 does not occupy a significant amount of space in the Y-direction, the coil arrangement of the present invention therefore may be used in smaller and thinner (for example, hand-held) transponders than can conventional antenna arrangements, while still enabling the transponder to effectively transmit and receive omnidirectionally.
  • FIGs. 2A and 2B illustrate alternative embodiments of the present invention in which only one ferrite coil antenna is provided in combination with the air coil 10.
  • FIG. 2A shows the air coil 10 aligned in the Z-direction, in combination with one ferrite coil antenna aligned in the Y-direction.
  • FIG. 2B shows an air coil 10 aligned in the Z-direction in combination with a ferrite air coil aligned in the X-direction.
  • the alignment of the antennas shown in FIGs. 2, 2A and 2B could be altered without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate arrangements of resonant tuning circuits that may be used with the antennas depicted in FIG. 2.
  • each resonant tuning circuit comprises an inductor, a capacitor, and a diode.
  • Each of the antennas 10, 12 and 14, are coupled independently to a separate resonant tuning circuit, and the three resonant tuning circuits are coupled together either in series, as shown in FIG. 3, or in parallel, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 3 shows three resonant tuning circuits coupled in series.
  • Each resonant tuning circuit comprises an inductor and a capacitor, and the three resonant tuning circuits are coupled together with diodes.
  • Points 20, 22 and 24 indicate where an oscillator and/or modulator circuit (described below) may be coupled when the transponder antenna is adapted to transmit signals.
  • FIG. 3A is a block diagram depicting the antenna arrangement when the circuits are coupled in series.
  • FIG. 3B is a block diagram depicting the antenna arrangement when two circuits are coupled in series.
  • FIG. 4 shows three resonant tuning circuits coupled in parallel.
  • each resonant tuning circuit comprises an inductor and a capacitor, and the three resonant tuning circuits are coupled together with diodes.
  • Points 20, 22 and 24 indicate where an oscillator and/or modulator circuit (described below) may be coupled when the transponder antenna is adapted to transmit signals.
  • FIG. 4A is a block diagram of an antenna arrangement when the circuits are coupled in parallel.
  • FIG. 4B is a block diagram depicting the antenna arrangement when two circuits are coupled in parallel.
  • a similar antenna arrangement may also be provided in a reader unit, in order ro provide omnidirectionality at a remote location.
  • the three antennas 10, 12 and 14 operate to independently receive components of the carrier signal oriented in the Y, X and Z directions, respectively.
  • the received signals are passed to the resonant tuning circuit connected to each antenna.
  • the series arrangement of the resonant tuning circuits shown in FIG. 3 act to superimpose and add the DC voltage components of the received carrier signal, to reconstruct the signal components into a single DC voltage signal representative of the signal which was transmitted from the remote location.
  • the parallel arrangement of the resonant tuning circuits shown in FIG. 4 operates such that the highest induced voltage either supplies all RF circuits, or supplies only the RF circuit having the highest individual voltage.
  • an RF carrier signal transmitted from a remote location may be accurately reconstructed even if the signal is oriented in a peculiar manner relative to the transponder.
  • the use of an air coil 10 and two ferrite coils 12 and 14 oriented in the manner described above enables the entire arrangement to be positioned inside a very small space, so that the antenna arrangement herein described may be used in a small, hand-held or pocket-sized transponder.
  • each of the antennas 10, 12 and 14 may be independently coupled either to a modulated oscillator, or to a passive reactance modulator.
  • FIG. 5 shows a reactance modulator circuit configured in a full-duplex, back scatter mode, that may be coupled to each of the antennas 10, 12 or 14, and
  • FIG. 6 shows a circuit for a modulated active oscillator which may also be used.
  • a similar antenna arrangement may be provided in a reader unit which transmits an omnidirectional energy field to the transponder unit.
  • the transponder unit uses the received energy to generate a data signal, either by modulating a RF signal onto the received field via the passive reactance modulator of FIG. 5, or by receiving the energy and operating an active oscillator as shown in FIG. 6, and utilizing the received energy to project its own field.
  • the reader unit may be provided with two or three air coil antennas oriented in different directions, instead of a single air coil in combination with one or two ferrite coil antennas.

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  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Transpondereinheit zum Kommunizieren mit einer Abfrageeinheit durch Aussenden von HF-Signalen und zum Empfangen von HF-Signalen zu bzw. von der Abfrageeinheit, gekennzeichnet durch eine längliche, rohrförmige erste Ferritantennenspule (12) mit einem dipolartigen Strahlungsdiagramm, das so gerichtet ist, daß HF-Signale in einer ersten Richtung gesendet und empfangen werden, wobei die erste Richtung in einer Linie mit der Richtung der Maxima des dipolartigen Strahlungsdiagramms verläuft, eine längliche, rohrförmige zweite Ferritantennenspule (14) mit einem dipolartigen Strahlungsdiagramm, das in einem 90°-Winkel gegenüber der ersten Spule gerichtet ist und HF-Signale in einer zweiten Richtung senden und empfangen kann, wobei die zweite Richtung mit der Richtung der Maxima des dipolartigen Strahlungsdiagramms in einer Linie verläuft, eine im wesentlichen flache, ebene Luftspule (10), die HF-Signale in einer zur Ebene der Spule senkrecht verlaufenden Richtung und mit einer Ausrichtung in einem 90°-Winkel gegenüber der ersten und der zweiten Richtung senden und empfangen kann, wobei jede der Antennenspulen mit einer Schaltung gekoppelt ist, die einen Resonanzkreis und eine Diode zur Erzeugung einer das von jeder der Antennenspulen empfangene HF-Signal repräsentierenden Gleichspannung enthält und dazu benutzt wird, eine Transponder-Versorgungsspannung zu erzeugen, wobei die Resonanzkreise miteinander gekoppelt sind.
  2. Transpondereinheit nach Anspruch 1, bei der die Resonanzkreise in Serie geschaltet und mit den Dioden miteinander gekoppelt sind.
  3. Transpondereinheit nach Anspruch 1, bei der die Resonanzkreise parallel geschaltet und mit den Dioden miteinander gekoppelt sind.
  4. Transpondereinheit nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, ferner mit einer ersten Ausgangsschaltung, die mit der ersten Ferritantennenspule gekoppelt ist, sowie einer zweiten Ausgangsschaltung, die mit der Luftspule gekoppelt ist.
  5. Transpondereinheit nach Anspruch 4, bei der die erste und die zweite Ausgangsschaltung passive Reaktanzmodulatoren enthalten.
  6. Transpondereinheit nach Anspruch 4, bei der die erste und die zweite Ausgangsschaltung aktive Oszillatoren enthalten.
EP19970100021 1996-01-02 1997-01-02 Passive x-y-z Antenne für ein Antwortsendegerät Expired - Lifetime EP0783190B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US947896P 1996-01-02 1996-01-02
US9478 1996-01-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0783190A1 EP0783190A1 (de) 1997-07-09
EP0783190B1 true EP0783190B1 (de) 2001-10-04

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EP (1) EP0783190B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69707024T2 (de)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10160452A1 (de) * 2001-12-04 2003-06-18 Balluff Gmbh Codeträgervorrichtung

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DE19943233A1 (de) * 1999-09-10 2001-03-15 Kiekert Ag Schlüssellose Betätigungs- und/oder Schließeinrichtung für insbesondere Kraftfahrzeuge
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DE10160452A1 (de) * 2001-12-04 2003-06-18 Balluff Gmbh Codeträgervorrichtung
DE10160452C2 (de) * 2001-12-04 2003-11-06 Balluff Gmbh Codeträgervorrichtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69707024T2 (de) 2002-06-20
EP0783190A1 (de) 1997-07-09
DE69707024D1 (de) 2001-11-08

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