EP0782658B1

EP0782658B1 - Lifting folding door

Info

Publication number: EP0782658B1
Application number: EP95934327A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Johannes Hendrikus Megens
Original assignee: Rolflex Nederland BV
Current assignee: Rolflex Nederland BV
Priority date: 1994-09-23
Filing date: 1995-09-22
Publication date: 1999-01-20
Anticipated expiration: 2015-09-22
Also published as: NL9500106A; JPH10506445A; DE69507498T2; CA2200694A1; ATE176028T1; AU3674795A; CA2200694C; ES2126322T3; DK0782658T3; EP0782658A1; WO1996009457A1; JP3309989B2; DE69507498D1

Abstract

The invention concerns a lifting folding door (3), containing: two primarily vertically extending rails (4), arranged each on one side of the opening (2) to be closed by the door (3); a number of panels (8) hinged together, each of them guided by both rails; guiding means (6) connected at the top of each of the rails for guiding the panels such that, when moving upward, they are folded together in zigzag fashion by means of their hinge connections (12, 13) in primarily horizontal direction above the rails; operating means for driving at least one of the panels in vertical direction, in which the guiding means are designed for gradually deflecting the panels in horizontal direction, starting from the vertical movement. As a result of these steps, a purely vertical movement is gradually converted into a movement of a horizontal component, so that the dynamic forces acting on the respective elements are less, and therefore the speed can be significantly increased.

Description

The present invention relates to a lifting folding door comprising a number of panels hinged together, two primarily vertically extending rails arranged each on one side of the opening to be closed by the door for guiding the panels, two sets of two or more guide rails each set being arranged next to the upper end of each vertically extending rail, said guide rails extending towards the top of each of the vertically extending rails for guiding the panels such that, when moving upward, they are folded together in zigzag fashion in primarily horizontal direction, said panels comprising first guide elements for guiding the panels in the vertically extending rails a number of second guide elements for guiding the panels in the guide rails, the total number of second guide elements being equal to the total number of guide rails, all said rails being in the form of channels each having a uniform width for guiding the respective guide element therein and being designed so that the guide pins can each only follow a path dictated by the respective guide channel for gradually deflecting the panels to a horizontal position, starting from the vertical position, and operating means for driving at least one of the panels in vertical direction.

Such a lifting door is known from US-A-3,618,656. This known folding door comprises two pairs of panels to which guide rollers, which form the second guide elements, are pivotally connected using springs. These guide rollers guide the panels through respective guide tracks, which are formed by channels. Because of the pivotal connection the position of the guide rollers with respect to the panels is varied during the raising of the door from its extended position to its folded position. This construction allows that the door can be raised, without placing undue stress on the door operating system.

The goal of the invention is to provide an alternative lifting folding door which can be opened and closed with high speed.

This goal is obtained according to the present invention by means of a lifting folding door of the type mentioned above, which is characterized in that the second guide elements are rigidly attached to the panels.

Per se, second guide elements which are rigidly connected to panels of a folding door are, for example, known from AU-B-20968/92. AU-B-20968/92, however, relates to a lifting door of the type comprising only one guide rail pair for all second guide elements, i.e. for all panels. This guide rail has an L-shape and the door is constructed such that the second guide elements are allowed to come out of contact with the guide rail.

US-A-4,374,537 discloses a lifting folding door which can be folded in zigzag fashion in essentially horizontal direction. The lifting folding door comprises panels having an identical width and each being provided with guide rollers which are rigidly connected to the panels. These guide rollers follow a vertical guide track which widens at the top into a deflecting track with a left L-shaped flange and a right L-shaped flange. Of each panel one guide roller abuts the left flange and the other guide roller of that panel abuts the right flange in folded condition of the lifting folding door. Because the guide track is actually just one widened channel at the top, in which two guide rollers are supported, the panels should have an identical width.

BE-A-501,927 discloses a rolling shutter rather than a lifting folding door, which rolling shutter, as far as the horizontal deflection of the blinds is concerned, can be compared to the one described in US patent specification 4,374,537.

WO 90/13727 discloses a vertically opening sectional door whose segments are connected to each other at their edges so that they can pivot, the segments being folded on each other in alternating fashion in the peripheral region of the door when the door is open. No second guide elements and guiding channels are described.

In order to prevent that a second guide element follows a wrong guide rail, the lifting folding door according to the invention is preferably provided with selection means for selectively guiding each of the second guide elements into the corresponding guide rails.

The present invention shall be explained hereafter by means of the enclosed figures, which show:

Figure 1: a schematic perspective view of a lifting folding door according to the present invention, in particular, during its assembly;

Figure 2: a cross section view of the folding door depicted in Figure 1, in which the rail mounted on one side and the guiding means arranged above it are shown in side view;

Figure 3: a cross section along line III-III of figure 2;

Figure 4: a view of a second embodiment of a lifting door, similar to figure 2;

Figure 5: a perspective detail view of a third embodiment of the lifting folding door according to the invention;

Figure 6: a cross section of a fourth embodiment of the invention;

Figure 7: a cross section of one variant of an embodiment represented in Figure 4;

Figure 8: a detailed view partially broken away of the variant shown in Figure 7;

Figure 9: a view of the partially broken away variant shown in Figure 7 and 8; and

Figure 10: a detailed view of the embodiment shown in Figure 7;

Figure 11: a detailed view of steps to prevent skewing;

Figure 12: a variant of the embodiment shown in Figure 4; and

Figure 13: a variant of the embodiment shown in Figure 5.

Figure 1 shows a wall 1, in which an opening 2 is made, which must be closed by a lifting folding door according to the present invention. The lifting folding door in its entirety is indicated by 3. The lifting folding door contains two

rails

4, 5, each arranged at one side of the opening 2, while guiding means 6, 7 are arranged at the top of each of the

rails

4, 5 in the form of plates in which appropriate channels are made. The lifting folding door further contains panels 8, indicated by broken lines in Figure 1, which in the opened condition of the door are folded together between the guiding means 6, 7, as depicted in Figure 1.

In order to protect the folded panels, the guiding means 6, 7 are installed in an assembly unit 9, likewise indicated by broken lines. This assembly unit is secured to the wall 1 by means of cheeks 10. Moreover, Figure 1 shows how such a unit is mounted. This shall be clarified later in the description.

Next, a first embodiment of the invention shall be explained more closely by means of Figure 2.

Figure 2 shows the rail 4, as seen from the opening 2, together with the guide element 6 placed above it. Arranged in the rail 4 is a track in the form of a channel 11. Pins that are connected to the panels 8 are guided in channel 11.

In this particular embodiment, the door contains six panels 8, each of which can be folded together in zigzag fashion, being provided with an outer hinge 12 on one side, and each being joined to an inner hinge 13 at the inside. The placement of the inner and

outer hinges

12, 13 is such that, when the door is folded, the outer hinges remain on the outside of the door and the inner hinges end up on the inside of the door. The outer hinges 12 are each joined to a pin, which is guided by channel 11. Of course, each of the outer hinges 12 is provided with a corresponding pin at its other side, which is guided by a rail present at the outer side of the door opening, in which a corresponding channel is made.

It is possible, of course, to adapt the invention to doors with a different, even number of panels, such as 4, 8, 10 or 12. It is also possible to adapt the invention to an odd number of panels, such as 5 or 7. In this case, however, provision must be made for guiding the next, larger even number of panels.

Moreover, of each pair of panels 8 joined together by means of an inner hinge 13, the upper panel 8 provided with a

guide pin

18, 19, 20 likewise extends into the channel 11. During the upward movement of the panels, the

respective pins

18, 19, 20 must bend in order to guarantee a good folding action. Accordingly, the guiding means 6 designed in the form of a plate are provided with deflection tracks in the form of

channels

15, 16, 17. Now, of course, the danger exists that during the upward movement the pins connected to the outer hinges 12 will end up in the

deflection channels

15, 16, 17, the

guide pins

18, 19, 20 will continue to follow the main track in the form of the extension of the channel 11, of they will end up in the wrong deflection channel.

Therefore, the channel 11, i.e., the main track is made broad, as are the pins which are fastened to the outer hinges 12. The

deflection channels

15, 16, 17 are made more narrow, thus preventing the broad pins from getting into the deflection channels. This is evident in Figure 3. Also, the

deflection channels

15, 16, 17 are made more narrow than the channel 11. The same applies to the

pins

18, 19 and 20. The

pins

18, 19, 20 are more narrow than the guide pins that are joined to the outer hinges 12. Moreover, the

deflection channels

15, 16, 17 are deeper than the channel 11 at the location of the guide means. The channel 11 in the

rails

3, 4 is, naturally just as deep as channel 17, because the respective pin must also be guided through this channel. The differing depth accomplishes an effect such that the pin 18 is guided in the channel 17 during the upward movement, as are subsequently the pin 19 in the channel 16 and pin 20 in channel 15, thus accomplishing the required effect.

It will be clear that, after the deflection of the track 15, which is the deepest, only the deeper pin is carried along, because the continuation of channel 11 is less deep than channel 15. A similar situation holds for the other deflection tracks. Moreover, it is important to the invention that the deflection of the

deflection channels

15, 16, 17 is gradual, so that even at high speeds of movement the dynamic deflection forces are low, and thus the device is suitable for high speeds.

In the sample embodiment represented here, the

pins

18, 19, 20 are arranged on the panels 8. It is, of course, just as possible to fasten the pins to the innermost hinges 13. Furthermore, it is possible to execute the device in negative manner. That is, the pins connected to the inner hinges 12 and the guide pins 18, 19, 20 can be replaced by forklike structures, which are guided along guideways. Once again, it is possible to work with differing thickness and/or depths.

In the above embodiment, the

pins

18, 19, 20 are always arranged on the uppermost panels of each pair. It is, of course, equally possible to fasten the pins to the lowermost panels, or to fasten them to the inner hinges 13. This also applies to the other embodiments.

Figure 4 shows an embodiment that is especially suitable for higher speeds; each of the pins always has its own guideway here. The inner hinges 13 in this embodiment are each connected to the

pins

20, 19, 18, respectively, and each of the pins travels in a

separate channel

23, 22, 21, respectively, which are shaped so that the required action is achieved. Once again, it is important that the deflection of the

channels

21, 22, 23 is gradual, so that the speed of movement of the door can be as high as possible. In Figure 4, the panels form pairs of different width; it is, of course, possible to adapt panels with the same width. For the placement of the guides in Figure 4, the guide pins would have to be fastened to the panels.

Moreover, in the embodiment represented in Figure 4, the

channels

21, 22 and 23 point outwardly at their underside, in order to force the panels 8 in their closed position outwardly against a seal, not shown in the drawing.

Figure 5 shows an arrangement in which the selection of the pins occurs by means of "points" or switches in the form of switch elements. Thus, this embodiment contains a track in the form of a channel 24, that is intended exclusively for the guiding of the

pins

18, 19, 20, connected to the panels 8, or inner hinges 13. The pins connected to the outer hinges 12 move along a channel not shown in the present figure. Once again, there are deflection tracks in the form of

deflection channels

25, 26 and 27, respectively. At the point where the deflection channel 25 branches off from the main channel 24, a switch element 28 is arranged. By maintaining the switch element in the indicated position, the moving pin will follow the main channel, while in the other position with the deflection element 28, as represented for the deflection channel 26, the pin will follow the deflection channel. To operate the layout, use is made of a mechanism comprised of a cam 30, which is placed in the deflection channel located above the particular deflection channel, and which is joined to the deflection unit 28 by means of a lever system 31. In order to hold the deflection element 28 in its normal indicated position, there is a spring 32. This means that, whenever the particular pin travels in a deflection element, the particular cam is operated, thus moving the deflection element from the channel located underneath to the deflection position. Although a rather sudden deflection is indicated in this sample embodiment, it should be clear that any other more fluent one could be produced, consistent with the invention; the sketch only shows a schematic representation to illustrate the principle.

The embodiment shown in Figure 6 largely coincides with the embodiment shown in Figure 2. The embodiment shown in Figure 6 differs in that the channel 11 is provided with enlargements, indicated by 48, at the place where the deflection channels diverge from the channel 11. These enlargements have the purpose of making the deflection of the pins and, thus the panels, more gradual than that in the former embodiment, discussed by means of Figure 2. In this embodiment, a draw spring 39 is arranged between each pair of panels, in order to ensure that the pins and, thus the panels, follow the deflection track and fold together. In order to guide the pins into the proper tracks under these forces directed toward the diverging channels, the depth of the respective channels is reversed; thus, the channel 15 is the least deep in the embodiment of Figure 6, channel 16 is somewhat deeper than channel 15, and channel 17 is the deepest. Of course, the main channel 11 is the most deep, in order to prevent the pins connected to the outer hinges 12 from moving into the diverging channels. It is also possible, as in the embodiment of Figure 2, to make these pins thicker.

However, it is also possible to guide the pins connected to the outer hinges in a separate rail. One then obtains a configuration corresponding to that of Figure 4, with the understanding that the

channels

21, 22 and 23 are consolidated.

The embodiment depicted in Figure 7 corresponds in most respects to the embodiment shown in Figure 4, but differs in that the guide pins 18, 19, 20 are provided with

guide wheels

48, 49, 50, respectively. Furthermore, the guide pins are joined to the panels 8 by means of

arms

51, 52, 53, respectively. The guide wheels ensure a better guidance in the

separate tracks

21, 22, 23, respectively, so that the movement occurs with less friction. The guide pins 12 arranged on the outside are also provided with guide wheels 54. The embodiment further differs in that an odd number of panels 8 is employed, and the top side of the uppermost panel is folded inward.

Besides, it is also possible to locate the guiding wheels with the other panels in a similar way as with the single upper panel. The tracks then all have a shape which is coherent with the shape of track 21.

Figure 8 shows the structure of the panels in more detail. Each of the panels 8 is formed by a sandwich structure with an inner wall 55 and an outer wall 56, between which filler material 57 in the form of a plastic foam is present. At the lower side, the panel is closed by a profile 58 and, as shown in the drawing, constructed as a unit with the inner wall by means of, e.g., pop rivets, a screw connection, or by means of welding or gluing. Each panel is closed at its upper end by means of a similar profile 58. Thus, according to one embodiment, it is possible to form the panels in their entirety by means of extrusion. However, this is in no way necessary for the application of the invention. After the extrusion, of course, the panels must be filled with foam. For a good closure between the panels when the door is closed, use is made of a rubber profile 59 that is provided with a protuberance 60 which is exactly fitted to each of the profiles 58. For this purpose, the profiles 58 are provided with an indentation 61. Thus, it is also possible to employ the profile 59 in the other way. Again, the profile 59 can be joined to one of the profiles 58 by means of vulcanization or gluing, for example. Thus, a good seal is achieved in the closed condition.

For joining together the panels, use is made of hinges 62, the leaves of which are joined by means of screws 63 to the profiles 58. The profile 59 is partly cut away at the hinges. This ensures that no additional space is needed for the hinges, while a good seal is achieved by keeping part of one edge 64 of the closing profile.

The arrangement according to the above embodiment is shown from the exterior in Figure 9. It follows from this that an even number of panels is employed in this embodiment, but it is constructed such that the upper end of the uppermost panel folds inward, as does the lower end of the lowermost panel. For this, an extra guide rail 65 is mounted, extending entirely downward. All of this is shown in detail in Figure 10. It is noted that the depicted embodiment is fit for an odd number of panels. Therefore, the upper panel comprises an extra guide pin 51 which is guided in guide element 21. This offers further the possibility to give the upper panel a more limited height. Moreover, an extra arm 66 with an extra guide pin 67 on it is installed, of course.

According to an embodiment not represented on the drawing, the

guide wheels

48, 49, 50 are replaced by balls. This has the advantage that they can turn in any direction, so that the friction against both sides and the bottom of the rail is as little as possible. Of course, it is difficult to mount a ball. It is also possible in theory to employ a V-shaped rail, in which the ball makes constant contact at two points. This simplifies the bearing problem of the ball.

Figure 11 shows a detailed view of a device for preventing skewing of the panels of the lifting folding door. This arrangement is formed by an arm 68, which is connected by means of a hinge 69 to one of the panels 8. Fastened to the arm is a bushing 70, in which a pin 71 is springloaded in axial direction. The pin 71 is connected to a fork 72, through the outer ends of which an axle 73 is arranged, on which a wheel 74 is mounted. The wheel 74 turns against the head wall of one of the

channels

21, 22, or 23, or in the main channel 11 itself. It is possible to provide each of the panels 8 with such an arrangement at each of their corners. However, it is also possible and, given the interconnection of the panels, presumably only necessary, to place two of such arrangements on each of the panels. It is also possible to connect the arm 68 rigidly to the panel 8, or to combine it with one of the

arms

51, 52 or 53.

It should be noted that the balls in the previous paragraph fulfil the very same function.

Moreover, Figure 12 shows a different variant, in which, in order to prevent the outside of the elements from moving downward during the folding of the elements, supports are arranged in the form of U-shaped elements 75. In these elements 75, a cavity 76 is made, being outwardly rounded at its lower end. To engage with the cavities, at the top end of each odd element (counting from the top) a pin 77 is arranged, which engages with the cavity and basically prevents the front of the panels from moving downward. Moreover, they fulfil a certain guiding function. Of course, suitable recesses are made at the pins 77 in the panels located above them.

In this embodiment, the action is improved by creating a certain clamping action of the pins 77 in the cavity 79. This is accomplished, for example, by lining the cavity 76 with material having a large coefficient of friction, for example, rubber. Moreover, it is important that the pins 77 and the elements 75 of each of the panels are placed at different distances from the edges of the door opening, in order to prevent the pins of different distances from the edges of the door opening, in order to prevent the pins of different panels being hindered by the elements 75 of pins belonging to other panels.

In the situation that the number of panels is even, and the upper panel is shorter than the remaining panels, the free end of the upper panel cannot be fixed by the cams. Therefore, a specific guide track can be provided in the guide means, in which guide pins attached to the relevant panel are guided.

In the variant shown in Figure 13, a shoe 78 is arranged in the upper part 24 of the channel, acting as a closing element or movable switch. The shoe 78 is adjustable in height and provides connections to different deflection tracks at different positions.

It should be clear that many other different selection mechanisms are possible; thus, for example, it is possible to electronically control the

deflection elements

28, 29 of the embodiment depicted in Figure 5. This has the advantage that the same guide rail 24 can be used for guiding the pins arranged on the outer hinges. However, it is still important that the deflection tracks diverge gradually, in order to achieve the best possible action. It should be mentioned here that the selection mechanism also has a positioning function.

It is also possible to separate the selection function of the selection means from their guide function. Thus, for example, it is possible to employ steering wheels, which control the guide means in the form of pins so that they select the proper deflection track.

In the embodiment described above, we have hardly mentioned the actuation; actuaticn is possible by means of cables that are fastened, e.g., to the lowermost panel. In this case, a cable is fastened to the panel on either side of the closed opening. However, it is also possible to employ, for example, four cables, which are fastened in pairs to the lowermost panel on each side of the opening being closed; one cable of each pair is then fastened to the outside of the panel and the other cable to the inside of the panel. The cables are then connected to the panels situated above. This fastening is such that the cables extending on the inside are fastened to the hinges which must fold inwardly, and the cables extending on the outside are connected to the hinges which must fold outwardly. Thus, these cables also form a selection mechanism. The cables can each be wound on a single drum or on a pair of drums located at one side of the door. One of the cables should then be guided over the aperture of the door. This obviates the need for a through going shaft.

Finally, again making use of Figure 1, we shall discuss the assembly of the lifting folding door according to the present invention. For this, an assembly unit 9 is brought up, for example, on a truck 35, which is provided with a platform 36 that can rise and turn. The aforesaid assembly unit 9 is placed on this platform 36, whereupon the truck 35 is driven into the opening which is to be closed, the platform 36 is moved upward and turned until the assembly unit 9 located on it has reached the correct position, and this is secured in place by means of the cheeks 10 and a suitable fastening material. Next, the

rails

4, 5 which are brought up separately, are put in place and fastened, after which, after affixing the various operating elements, the connection of the power supply, and so forth, the unit can be placed in operation. After this, the truck 35 can be taken away.

Instead of a liftable platform, it is possible for instance to make use of a fork-lift truck. Of course, it is possible to use other lifting or hoisting mechanisms, for instance a hoisting crane. Then means will have to be provided to couple the mounting unit to the hoisting crane, for instance by means of a levelling rod.

It should be clear that this allows an especially convenient and attractive fastening, since the heavy elements are put in place by means of the rising platform.

Claims

Lifting folding door (3) comprising a number of panels (8) hinged together, two primarily vertically extending rails (4, 5) arranged each on one side of the opening (2) to be closed by the door (3) for guiding the panels (8), two sets of two or more guide rails (15, 16, 17; 21, 22, 23) each set being arranged next to the upper end of each vertically extending rail (4, 5) said guide rails (15, 16, 17; 21, 22, 23) extending towards the top of each of the vertically extending rails (4, 5) for guiding the panels (8) such that, when moving upward, they are folded together in zigzag fashion in primarily horizontal direction, said panels (8) comprising first guide elements for guiding the panels in the vertically extending rails (4, 5), a number of second guide elements (18, 19, 20, 48, 49, 50) for guiding the panels (8) in the guide rails, the total number of second guide elements being equal to the total number of guide rails, all said rails (4, 5, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23) being in the form of channels each having a uniform width for guiding the respective guide element therein and being designed so that the guide pins can each only follow a path dictated by the respective guide channel for gradually deflecting the panels (8) to a horizontal position, starting from the vertical position, and operating means (42, 43, 44, 45) for driving at least one of the panels (8) in vertical direction, characterized in that the second guide elements (18, 19, 20; 48, 49 50) are rigidity attached to the panels (8).
Lifting folding door (3) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the second guide elements (18, 19, 20) are joined to the panels (8) by means of arms (51, 52, 53, respectively) having different lengths.
Lifting folding door (3) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the guide rails (15, 16, 17; 21, 22, 23) branch off from the respective vertically extending rail (11, 12).
Lifting folding door (3) as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that selection means (28, 29, 30, 31, 32) are provided for selectively guiding each of the second guide elements (18, 19, 20) into the corresponding guide rails (15, 16, 17).
Lifting folding door (3) as claimed in claim 3 and 4, characterized in that the selection means contain switches (28) that selectively connect the lower part of each of the guide rails (15, 16, 17; 21, 22, 23) to the upper part thereof.
Lifting folding door (3) as claimed in claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the switches (28) are designed for operation by an electronic controller.
Lifting folding door (3) as claimed in claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the switches (28) are designed for control by mechanical control elements (30, 31, 32).
Lifting folding door (3) as claimed in claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the switches (28) are formed by height-adjustable deflection elements (78).
Lifting folding door (3) as claimed in claim 4 or 5 characterized in that each of the vertically extending rails (11, 12) and the guide rails (15, 16, 17) are formed by respective tracks, each having a specific depth.
Lifting folding door (3) as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the panels have different widths.
Lifting folding door (3) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the number of panels (8) is odd.