EP0773914A1

EP0773914A1 - Process and device for treating organic biological residues

Info

Publication number: EP0773914A1
Application number: EP95927626A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Volkmar Dertmann; Sven-Olaf Friedrich Zillmann
Original assignee: Maschinenfabrik Ernst Hese GmbH
Current assignee: . BEG BIOENERGIE GMBH
Priority date: 1994-08-04
Filing date: 1995-08-01
Publication date: 1997-05-21
Anticipated expiration: 2015-08-01
Also published as: ES2125638T3; ATE172175T1; DE4427644A1; WO1996004220A1; EP0773914B1; DK0773914T3; DE59503939D1

Abstract

A process and device are disclosed for treating organic biological residues, in particular domestic and/or industrial waste. In order to avoid bridge formation and optimise homogenisation, the material is conveyed by a worm conveyor in a closed loop inside a reactor. For pressing the liquid fraction out, the conveyor worm may press the material against a slide guided in the conveyor passage or a separate press is used that successively services several homogenising and mixing containers.

Description

description

Method and device for treating organic residues

The invention relates to a process for the treatment of organic bio-residues, in particular from municipal and / or industrial waste, including raw and / or cooked food residues, agricultural waste, in particular animal excrement and / or vegetable constituents, which mix with intensive mixing and homogenization be separated into a liquid fraction with C-containing (organic) constituents (DOC) dissolved or soluble in water from a solid fraction consisting of the remaining solids by pressing.

The invention further relates to a device for mixing and homogenizing bio residues before pressing the liquid fraction from the solid fraction, with a container containing at least one screw conveyor.

In addition to the waste materials already mentioned, organic residues are understood to mean all substances which have a content of carbon in dissolved form (DOC) which is accessible to fermentation. This can be, for example, vegetable green waste, such as long grass, leaves, lawn clippings, branches, shrubbery, flowers, harvest residues from the garden / landscaping, but also waste from the vegetable and fruit processing industry, such as peel of fruits, oil fruits, pomace, beer sludge, yeast , Coconut fibers, leaves and stems from the canning industry, potato peels and leaf residues, barks and shavings from the wood and paper industry, organic municipal or commercial urban waste and finally agricultural waste. It has long been known to compost pure green waste, for which purpose the shredded waste with or without the addition of compost surcharges is placed in compost rents and left to a rotting process in which the waste gradually decomposes. It is now also known that the rotting time can be accelerated by converting the stacked piles and a targeted process control by monitoring the temperature and / or moisture in the piles.

EP 0 429 744 A2 describes a process in which the waste material, after preparation by sieving, separating and crushing, is fed to a fermentation tank and, for the purpose of initiating and maintaining an aerobic biological decomposition process, is gradually shifted against the central outlet opening of the fermentation tank with constant stirring becomes. To improve this fermentation method, an aerobic biological rotting of biological wastes is proposed, in which the wastes are intimately mixed with air with constant stirring and are thereby subjected to bacterial aerobic decomposition and the product resulting from the rotting process is removed from the receptacle and subjected to a refinement. For this purpose, the receptacle should be filled up to about half with solid waste and the subsequent addition of liquid substances and stirred for a dwell time of 2 to 3 hours before decanted sewage sludge and white lime are added and the stirring up to a dwell time of 69 or 70 hours is continued.

Particular problems arise in particular in the area of the first process stage or the mixing container in question, since the risk of bio-residue bridging with eventual blockage of the mixing container or at least insufficient homogenization must be avoided. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method and a device in which bridging is avoided and the material charged is optimally homogenized.

This object is achieved on the one hand by the method according to claim 1, which is characterized according to the invention in that the organic bio-residues are passed through a closed circuit before pressing over several screw conveyors, in the course of which the bio-residues are loosened and the loosened organic residues are moistened and / or aerated. In particular, it has been found that it is not sufficient if one screw or two screws arranged in parallel in the same conveying direction convey the bio-residues in an upward movement, which should then fall down in a free part of the container with the screw conveyors. Depending on the starting material and residual moisture, bio-residual bridging occurs, which eventually leads to a total blockage of the mixing container. If, on the other hand, a closed circuit is formed by the screw conveyors, i.e. if the downward movement of the material being fed is also supported by a screw conveyor, bridging is effectively avoided and, at the same time, better material mixing is achieved. This also applies to a homogeneous degree of humidification.

Further process improvements result when the measures described in claims 2 to 17 are applied.

A loosening of the organic residues is preferably carried out by increasing the conveying speed in part of the cycle. The conveying speeds are preferably set via the pitch of at least one conveying screw. In this embodiment, a worm shaft can be used which has several Has helical coils of different pitch, so that the conveying speed is only determined by the pitch. Because of the constant ratio of the different screw pitches, this guarantees corresponding ratios of the conveying speeds. A screw section with a larger pitch is synonymous with material loosening due to a correspondingly higher conveying speed.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, at least one screw is located above and below an inclined fixed plane designed as a table or table plate, which conveys organic residues upwards and downwards. The screws located above the table or table plate run in opposite directions to corresponding screws located below the table or table plate. Already two subsidies or groups of subsidies, consisting of pairs of screws or more than three conveyor screws conveying in the same direction, ensure a closed conveyor circuit.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the bio-residues are conveyed via one or more screws arranged below the table with helical gradients that vary over their length and with an increasing gradient. The pitch is preferably changed progressively over the length of the screw or screws below the table. The change in the screw pitch causes a pulling apart of the residual material flow and thus an optimal loosening or surface enlargement, which allows an improved moistening with subsequent homogenization to be achieved.

In order to counteract clogging of ventilation devices, such as ventilation nozzles, the ventilation of the bio-residues guided in the circuit is preferably carried out via air blown in in the conveying direction. After sufficient mixing of the organic residues and their homogenization, there are two possibilities according to the present invention for separating the solid fraction from the liquid fraction. On the one hand, this can be carried out in one and the same container by connecting a pressing member or after dispensing the homogenized mixture into a separate pressing device. While the first variant is preferred in particular in the case of smaller throughput quantities, the second variant is appropriate whenever large quantities of organic residues are to be treated, in which a separate press device appears to be worthwhile. In particular, the possibility can be used here that a plurality of mixing containers are operated in succession with a single pressing device in succession. After the homogenized mixture has been dispensed, the homogenizing device can be refilled regardless of the pressing of the material in question. If only a single press device is used, it is preferably moved under the container in question or docked onto it in order to avoid the outflow of gases or the spillover of residual liquids.

During the mixing and homogenization, the initial moisture or a moisture of 70 to 80% by volume, but at least 40 to 60% by volume, is preferably set, since the C-containing constituents can only be washed out at relatively high moisture levels is. The process water is preferably recycled into the mixing and homogenization stage, which is obtained in the anaerobic reactor after methanation (fermentation). Possibly. can also be drawn off during the circulation of the bio-material liquid, which already contains C-containing components by washing out. The liquid removed in this way is replaced in a corresponding manner by moistening.

A further optimization of the process control results if a temperature of up to 70 ° C is kept constant, if necessary with the subsequent measure, finally adding heat to generate a temperature of 80'C to 90 ° C in order to carry out the most complete possible hygienization. Heat that is not required, which is generated in the mixing and homogenization vessel during exothermic reactions, is preferably drawn off and used for other purposes, for example in an anaerobic reactor.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, only after falling below a predeterminable content of dissolved C-containing constituents in the liquid discharged from the separation stage, the volume of residual substance which has collapsed in this stage is pressed to a residual moisture content as low as possible before the entire batch of solid residual substances is removed and then is post-composted. The post-composting can be carried out by customary processes known from the prior art, with and without addition of additives.

The liquids discharged from the separation stage, i.e. after the solid fraction has been separated from the liquid fraction, are in the form of suspensions. In order not to burden a downstream anaerobic reactor for the liquid with solids or sludges, the suspension in question is sedimented before being introduced into the anaerobic reactor. The solid which is obtained as sludge in the case of sudimentation is preferably fed to the bio-residues as inoculation material for accelerating the reaction, more preferably after oxygenation in the form of activated sludge after fresh filling of the homogenization stage.

The above-mentioned object is further achieved by the device described in claim 18, which is characterized in accordance with the invention in that above and below a sloping table or table plate in each case in parallel are arranged, the lower (n) conveyor screw (s) conveying the material upwards and the upper (n) conveyor screw (s) conveying the material downwards, so that a closed conveyor circuit is created. Advantages of this mixing and homogenizing device have already been discussed above.

Preferred embodiments of the device are described in claims 19 to 33.

In this way, with a lower conveying speed with which the upper or upper screw conveyor (s) compared to the lower or the lower screw conveyor, a pre-compression of the material at the end of the lower screw conveyor or each lower screw conveyor is achieved. Any liquid squeezed out here can be removed via a discharge or outlet or otherwise be sucked off.

According to a further embodiment, at least one of the screws, preferably the lower or the lower screws, is equipped with different pitches of the screw helix. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the change in the helix pitch is progressive with the advantage that the material is loosened with a larger pitch and can also be optimally moistened in this area.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a slider can be moved into the conveying path for pressing off the organic residues, against which the material is pressed for pressing. The degree of opening of the slide, namely the cross-sectional dimension of the blocked conveying path, is preferably controllable. This can ensure that certain presettable pressing pressures are not exceeded.

The squeezed liquid fraction can be removed via perforated plates, which are preferably provided with fabric wire. Perforated sheets can be about 35 mm long and 20 mm wide Elongated holes are provided, which are covered with a fabric cloth with a mesh size of 0.5 mm.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, different pressures can be set in different conveying areas, in particular also a negative pressure for water suction even during the circulation for homogenizing and sanitizing the conveying material.

A liquid input device is preferably arranged in the area of a larger screw conveyor pitch, so that the moistening on the material to be conveyed is achieved when this has the greatest possible degree of loosening.

According to a development of the invention, nozzles are provided in the conveying direction for the supply of air, preferably above the table or table plate. Here too, the advantage of the loosened material (similar to that used for moistening) is used. Furthermore, the geometrical arrangements of the nozzles ensure that they are largely protected against blockages. In a preferred embodiment, ramps rising in the conveying direction are provided in the table or table plate, on the vertical rear side of which the nozzle outlet openings are preferably arranged with respect to the table (plate). The conveying material is lifted off the table plate base level by these ramps, which provides further protection of the nozzles.

The device described above with an integrated pressing device is always advantageous when smaller quantities of bio-residues are to be processed, for which a reactor vessel with a screw conveyor is sufficient. In the case of large quantities which arise, in which case several reactors with conveying devices for mixing, homogenization and sanitation have to be used anyway, according to a further development According to the invention, a separate, preferably single press device is provided, into which the homogenized and hygienized contents of a reactor can be unloaded for pressing. For this purpose, the individual homogenization containers have corresponding reclosable opening flaps, which are only opened for emptying into the pressing device. In order to be able to easily bring the pressing device to each individual reactor for mixing and homogenizing the bio residues, the pressing device can be moved on rails or wheels. The press device preferably contains one or more screw presses which convey the material against a press wall. In contrast to the homogenization reactors, the pressing device can work in the horizontal direction, ie the screw presses can be arranged horizontally.

In the case of the combined mixing and pressing device in a reactor as well as when the pressing device is arranged separately, according to a further development of the invention, the pressing degree is measured via a current sensor connected to the press screw. As already mentioned above in the case of the combined reactor, this current sensor can switch off the press when an adjustable setpoint threshold is exceeded or shut down the press wall with the opening of an opening.

Finally, the setting angle of the container can be changed for mixing and homogenizing, so that the optimum setting angle can be selected depending on the material properties, such as density, moisture etc.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. Show it

Fig. 1 is a schematic overview of a system for

Composting and wet fermentation of biological waste, 2 shows a schematic side view of the device according to the invention for mixing, homogenizing and sanitizing the bio residues (solid-state reactor),

Fig. 3 shows a section along the line III - III

Fig. 2,

4 shows a sectional view along the line IV-IV in FIG. 2,

Fig. 5 shows a section in the range of the adjustable

Slider,

6 is a sectional view taken along the line VI-VI of FIG. 5,

7 shows a longitudinal section through the screw conveyor located under the table plate, here as a pair of screw conveyors and

8 shows an alternative embodiment of a homogenization and sanitation reactor with a separately arranged press which can be connected in a detachable manner.

The device according to the invention is part of a plant, the essential parts of which, in addition to the device according to the invention designed as a solid reactor 01, are also the three-part anaerobic reactor 08a, b and c. The biological residues or waste materials to be treated are placed in the solid matter reactor 01, in which they are circulated by several conveyor screws 16 and pressed off after the desired degree of homogenization and sanitation has been reached. The screw conveyors 16 are arranged above and below a table or table plates 17, which as Heat exchanger 2 can be formed. 18 is a reclosable emptying device. The waste materials circulated in the circuit are continuously washed out by the screw conveyors 16 in order to be able to obtain the carbon contents contained therein. The controlled oxygen supply 03 ensures optimal microbial activity. If necessary, the oxygen supply can be controlled or regulated via oxygen content measurements or CO 2 concentration measurements. During the aerobic intensive rot taking place in the reactor 01, high-energy polymeric substances such as fats, proteins and carbohydrates are broken down into lower-energy, monomeric components such as fatty acids, amino acids and sugar. The duration of the upstream aerobic intensive rot taking place in the solid-state reactor 01 is variable and depends on the objective of whether more biogas or more compost is to be produced. For example, during a 48-hour residence time in the solid-state reactor 01, the readily and moderately difficultly degradable organic substances can be broken down into low-chain fatty acids and alcohols to such an extent that they continue anaerobically in the anaerobic reactor 08a, b and c to form the main end product methane and carbon dioxide can be broken down by acetogenic and methanogenic bacteria. The fatty acids and alcohols are dissolved and suspended in water released during the reaction, which is present due to natural moisture or is bound and squeezed out in the cell water. The suspension with high proportions of aerobically hydrolyzed organic substances is separated from the mass in the solid-state reactor via the sieve already mentioned. When the soluble organic constituents are leached out together with the aerobic intensive rot, the volume of the material is greatly reduced (70 to 80% by volume). The suspension obtained from the biological waste is conveyed via a valve P1 through the pump 04 into a sedator 05. The solids separated there, which precipitate as sludge, can be reintroduced into the solids to inoculate the freshly filled biological waste. material reactor 01 are pumped. The solids-free water, enriched with organic ingredients, in particular carbon fractions, is pumped into the anaerobic reactor 08. The remaining, washed-out solid mass is subjected to fresh compost with a rot grade of I and II post-rotting in the form of a rent cot. The fresh compost is removed.

The solid-state reactor is filled via a closable opening in the upper part of the solid-state reactor, which is only opened during the filling. The fresh compost is discharged via an electric lock operated discharge lock. The material falls into a closable container (not shown).

To avoid odor emissions, the solid-state reactor is connected to a compost filter 15 via a gas line. The solid-state reactor preferably remains closed in a gastight manner during operation. Blown air to create aerobic conditions only leaves the reactor through the compost filter. If the reactor is opened for filling, a side channel compressor installed in the gas line automatically begins to draw air from the reactor into the compost filter. This creates an inversely directed air flow so that an odor emission from the solid-state reactor 01 cannot arise.

In order to ensure that the suspension freed of solids or the greatly reduced solids content introduces as little oxygen as possible into the anaerobic reactor 08, an ultrasonic degassing device 06 is provided, through which the liquid is passed and finally by means of the pump 7 into the Anaerobic reactor 08 is performed. The multi-stage anaerobic reactor 08a, b and c, which can be operated in a circuit by means of communicating tubes, is equipped as a fixed bed reactor. A further sedimentator 09 is connected downstream of the anaerobic reactor 08, through which this still has a low solids content contaminated water after the methanation and freed from solids. The water can then be recycled into the cycle. The anaerobic reactor has a heat exchanger 10, which is connected to the heat exchanger 02, preferably via a corresponding control unit, so that the heat generated during the exothermic reaction in the fixed bed reactor 01 can be conducted into the anaerobic reactor 08 . The pump 11 supports any necessary circulation promotion of the liquid through the stages 08a, b and c.

The water leaving the anaerobic reactor 08, with a DOC content of 1 g / 1 and a COD content of approx. 2 to 3 g / 1, is fed into a plant-based sewage treatment plant 12 and from there it is cleaned to the receiving water quality. This is a helophyte-filled, vertically flowed, multi-layer fixed bed filter system with automatic interval operation. This fixed bed filter is characterized by the sequence of aerobic soil layers with a permeability coefficient (Kf) of 5 x 10 ^{~ 3} m / s. This layer leads to nitrification of the nitrogen and above all to the oxidation of the remaining organic substance dissolved in the water. The subsequent dense bottom layer with a Kf value of 10 ^-7 m / s promotes denitrification of the nitrogen, which can escape into the atmosphere in gaseous form as N2 through a corresponding line. The higher proportion of fine grains also ensures a high phosphate binding potential. The permeability of the lower filter layer corresponds to the upper one. There is a residual mineralization of the organic substance, nitrification of existing N components and a further reduction in the number of bacteria.

Experiments have shown that this vertical flow through the plant wastewater treatment plant, which complies with criteria set for water of the receiving water quality, even falls below this. The seepage performance is constantly guaranteed via the root system of the ship (rhizome). The stalks shade the soil and prevent unwanted algae formation. They form a favorable microclimate for microorganisms. An important property of the plants is the ability to introduce oxygen into the soil via a special air-guiding tissue (aerenchyma). The system is housed in an area of 6 mx 5 m. The water drainage from the system is collected and kept for a week. Only after the water has been analyzed for the parameters according to the indirect discharge ordinance is it decided whether it will be discharged into the receiving water or transported to a sewage treatment plant.

The biogas produced in the anaerobic reactor passes through a gas separator 13 into the gas storage 14, which is used to buffer fluctuations in the amount of biogas generated in order to maintain a uniform filling of a downstream gas engine. A Sterling engine can be used here.

The compost filter 15, which can absorb odor-laden exhaust air streams coming from each process stage, preferably consists of a special compost layer embedded in the floor up to the upper edge in 2.5 m shaft rings. The gas to be decoded is passed through the filter from the underside. It flows through the compost layers. Odor-active substances absorb and absorb and are metabolized by the microorganisms. The gas leaving the filter is usually almost odorless or has a slightly earthy smell, which is only perceptible directly above the filter. The exhaust air is free of possible pathogenic germs that may be introduced into the solid-state reactor 01 via the waste.

Details of the solid-state reactor 01 can be seen from FIGS. 2 to 7. This has an upper filling opening 19 and 15

a further reclosable opening 20 through which the solid reactor interior can be reached by the maintenance personnel. The reactor is articulated via axes of rotation 21 and 22 and can be set to different longitudinal axis inclinations. For mixing and homogenization, the solid-state reactor has two screw shaft pairs of counter-rotating screw shafts 161, 162 and 163, 164 arranged under the table 17 and two above the table 17, as can be seen from FIGS. 3 and 4. The device also has an emergency flap 23 in order to be able to intervene in the case of blockages in the space below. A sieve plate 24 with a fabric filter serves as a cover for dewatering, even while the biowaste is being recycled, as a result of which the carbon-contaminated water can be drawn off via the opening 25. The two lower conveying screws 161 and 162, which work in opposite directions to convey the material, have a first conveying spiral 26 in the lower region and a conveying spiral 27 in the upper region with a greater gradient. This ensures that the material conveyed upwards beneath the table plate 17 is loosened due to the higher conveying speed resulting from the higher incline. The water fed to the solid-state reactor via the connection piece 28 is fed in in the area of the conveyor spiral 27 with a greater gradient or above the table. The water is used for humidification, both to replace water that has already been drawn off and to be able to set the desired degree of moisture so that there is sufficient liquid to absorb carbon. A pair of screw conveyors 163 and 164 is also arranged above the table plates 17 in order to transport the material conveyed upward by the pair of screw conveyors lying under the table plate downwards. This upper conveyor screw or the pair of conveyor screws prevents material bridges from forming. The respective longitudinal axes of the conveyor screws are parallel to one another and to the table plates. In the table plates 17 there are ramps 28, in the rear wall 29 nozzles 30 for supplying air are arranged substantially perpendicular to the plane of the table plate. The ventilation of the circulated material is thus also carried out in the area in which the material is largely loosened and moistened.

After the organic material has been in circulation for several hours, a pusher 31 is moved into the conveying area below the table plate for pressing, so that the helix 26 now serves as a pressing member which guides the material against the closed pusher 31. The pressure is measured indirectly, namely by measuring the current consumption on the screw conveyor motor. When a predetermined target value is reached, which corresponds to a certain degree of pressing, the slide is moved out again, the material being conveyed further upwards. The pressed material is emptied or thrown out of the solid-state reactor 01 via a reclosable opening 32.

As an alternative to the one-piece device described in FIGS. 2 to 6, it is also possible to operate a plurality of solid-state reactors for mixing, homogenizing and sanitizing next to one another and, after the homogenizing and sanitizing process, the finished material in a separate press device 33 to give the final chute to the ejection chute 32, which is provided with a reclosable slide 34. In this embodiment, the slide 31 is omitted as part of the pressing device according to the device in FIG. 2. The solid reactor is otherwise constructed as in FIG. 2. The pressing device itself has a screw conveyor 35, which conveys the filled material against a solid wall, compresses it and thus presses it, the pressed fluid is removed via suitable drain hole plates and cloth filters. The pressing device 33 is preferably equipped such that it can be moved on rails, the rail track is designed so that the device can be moved successively below each mixing device or its discharge opening 32 and connected there. The capacity of the press device essentially corresponds to the capacity of the homogenizing and mixing device 01.

Claims

claims

1. Process for the treatment of organic bio-residues, in particular from municipal and / or industrial waste materials including raw and / or cooked food residues, agricultural waste, in particular animal waste and / or vegetable components, which are mixed intensively and homogenization into a liquid fraction with C-containing (organic) constituents (DOC) dissolved or soluble in water are separated from a solid fraction consisting of the remaining solids by pressing, characterized in that the organic bio-residues are pressed before pressing a plurality of screw conveyors (16) are guided in a closed circuit, in the course of which the bio-residues are loosened and the loosened bio-residues are moistened and / or aerated.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the loosening of the bio-residues is carried out by increasing the conveying speed in part of the circuit.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the conveying speeds are set via the pitch of at least one screw conveyor.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that above and below a slanted fixed plane designed as a table at least one screw each promotes the bio-residues upwards and downwards.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the bio-residues over one or more below the Table-arranged screws with different helix pitches over their lengths and increasing pitch dimension are guided.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the pitch is changed progressively over the length of the screw (s).

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the ventilation of the organic residues in the circuit is carried out via air blown in the conveying direction.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the circulating bio-residual substances are pressed after their mixing and homogenization in the same container by connecting a pressing member or after delivery in a separate pressing device.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the mixing and homogenization of the bio-residues is carried out in parallel in several containers and that for pressing the bio-residues a (single) pressing device which is driven under the container or docked on it, is used.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the initial moisture or the moisture of 70 to 80 vol .-%, but at least 40 to 60 vol .-%, during the washing out of organic components dissolved in water, if necessary water is maintained by supplying or discharging, preferably by suction.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the water freed by the methanation of C-containing constituents from a anaerobic reactor is recycled for moistening the bio-residues.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 1, characterized in that a temperature of up to 70 "C is constantly maintained, if necessary with the subsequent measure, finally heat to generate a temperature of 80 ^* C to 90 ^* C to supply in order to carry out the most complete possible hygienization.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the heat generated in the exothermic reactions is removed and passed into the anaerobic reactor.

14. The method according to any one of claims l to 13, characterized in that only after falling below a predeterminable content of dissolved C-containing constituents in the liquid, the remaining residues are pressed to the lowest possible residual moisture content before the entire batch Residual materials are removed and then composted.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the liquid present as a suspension containing C-containing components is sedimented before it is fed to an anaerobic reactor.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the solids obtained during sedimentation as sludge as the seeding material to accelerate the reaction, preferably after oxygenation after fresh filling, the bio-residues are supplied.

17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that a temperature of 45 to 40 ^* C, in the treatment with ther ophilic bacteria of 50 to 55 ° C is maintained in the anaerobic reactor during treatment with esophilic bacteria.

18. Device for mixing and homogenizing bio-residues before pressing the liquid fraction from the solid fraction, with a container (01) containing at least one screw conveyor (16), characterized in that an inclined one above and below it Tables or table plates (17) are arranged parallel to each of the screw conveyors (161, 162; 163, 164), the lower screw conveyor (s) (161, 162) moving the material upwards and the upper screw conveyor (s) (n) (163, 164) convey the material downwards so that a closed conveying circuit is created.

19. The apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the upper (n) screw conveyor (s) (163, 164) run at a lower conveying speed than the lower (n) conveyor screw ^) (161, 162).

20. The apparatus according to claim 18 or 19, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that at least one of the screws (161, 162), preferably the lower (n) screw (s) (161, 162) different slopes of the screw helix (26, 27th ) have.

21. The apparatus according to claim 20, characterized by a progressive change in the helix pitch.

22. Device according to one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that for pressing the bio-residues, a slide (31) is movable in the conveying path, against which the material is pressed for pressing.

23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that the degree of opening of the slide (31), namely the transverse section of the blocked conveying path, is adjustable.

24. Device according to one of claims 18 to 23, characterized in that the squeezed liquid fraction via perforated plates (24), which are preferably provided with fabric wire, can be removed.

25. Device according to one of claims 18 to 24, characterized in that different pressures can be set in different conveying areas.

26. Device according to one of claims 18 to 25, characterized in that a liquid input device is provided in the region of a larger conveyor screw pitch.

27. The device according to one of claims 18 to 26, characterized in that nozzles (30) are provided in the conveying direction for supplying air, preferably above the table or table plate (17).

28. The apparatus according to claim 27, characterized in that in the table or table plate (17) in the conveying direction rising ramps (28) are provided, on the preferably with respect to the table plate plane vertical rear (29) the nozzle outlet openings (30) are arranged .

29. Device according to one of claims 18 to 21 and 25 to 28, characterized in that several reactors are provided for mixing and homogenizing the bio-residues, which can be discharged into a separate, preferably single press device (33).

30. The device according to claim 29, characterized in that the pressing device is movable on rails or wheels.

31. The device according to claim 29 or 30, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the pressing device contains one or more Schnecken¬ presses (35).

32. Device according to one of claims 18 to 31, characterized in that the degree of squeezing is measured via a current sensor connected to the screw (26, 35).

33. Device according to one of claims 18 to 32, characterized in that the setting angle of the container (01) for mixing and homogenizing can be changed.