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EP0772019B1 - Heat exchanger having tubes of oval or oblong cross section and method of assembling the same - Google Patents

Heat exchanger having tubes of oval or oblong cross section and method of assembling the same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0772019B1
EP0772019B1 EP96117254A EP96117254A EP0772019B1 EP 0772019 B1 EP0772019 B1 EP 0772019B1 EP 96117254 A EP96117254 A EP 96117254A EP 96117254 A EP96117254 A EP 96117254A EP 0772019 B1 EP0772019 B1 EP 0772019B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
axis
tubes
section
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96117254A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0772019A1 (en
Inventor
Michel Potier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Thermique Moteur SA
Original Assignee
Valeo Thermique Moteur SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Thermique Moteur SA filed Critical Valeo Thermique Moteur SA
Publication of EP0772019A1 publication Critical patent/EP0772019A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0772019B1 publication Critical patent/EP0772019B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/165Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by using additional preformed parts, e.g. sleeves, gaskets
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49373Tube joint and tube plate structure
    • Y10T29/49375Tube joint and tube plate structure including conduit expansion or inflation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49377Tube with heat transfer means
    • Y10T29/49378Finned tube
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49391Tube making or reforming
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/53Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53113Heat exchanger
    • Y10T29/53122Heat exchanger including deforming means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular for a motor vehicle, and its assembly process.
  • a heat exchanger of the type comprising a multiplicity of tubes passing through fins and having ends inserted into holes of a collector plate with interposition of a seal compressible seal forming collars surrounding the ends of the tubes, and in which the ends of the tubes have an oval or oblong section defined by a major axis and a small axis.
  • Such heat exchangers are also called “exchangers heat to mechanical assembly "because the ends of the tubes are then flared to ensure compression of the joint flanges, which ensures the tightness of the connection tubes and the collector plate.
  • each tube at its end, has the disadvantage of hardening the metal constituting the tube and eventually lead to bursting of the wall of the tube during the subsequent flaring operation allowing mechanical assembly.
  • the object of the invention is in particular to overcome the drawbacks cited above.
  • the end of the tube is not shaped before assembly, that is to say before mounting the collector plate. It follows that, when introducing the ends of the tubes in the holes of the collector plate, the ends tubes have the same section as the latter.
  • the length of the tube devoid of fins, can be made very small, which increases the surface useful of the tube bundle.
  • the section end of the tube, before assembly is equal to the section of the tube.
  • the end section of the tube is not conformed before assembly.
  • the compression of the joint collar sealing in the direction of the major axis is carried out before introduction of the end of the tube, while the compression of the seal collar in the direction of the minor axis results from the flaring of the tube during assembly of the heat exchanger.
  • the major axis of the tube is greater than the major inner axis of the collar of the joint before compression, while the minor axis of the tube is lower than the small inner axis of the front seal collar compression.
  • the invention relates to a method assembly of a heat exchanger of the defined type previously.
  • the end section of each tube before assembly is identical to the section of the tube.
  • operation c) of compression of the collar of the joint in the direction of a major axis is carried out at by means of a punch which has a free end suitable for enter the end of the corresponding tube, without the deform.
  • operation d) of introducing the ends of the tubes is carried out by moving the collecting plate by means of of a bailer.
  • the invention also provides that operation e) of flaring is made by means of a punch which widens the end of the tube in the direction of the minor axis.
  • the heat exchanger shown in Figures 1 and 3 includes a bundle 10 formed of a multiplicity of tubes 12 of oval section which are arranged parallel to each other and in a single row.
  • the tubes 12 pass through a multiplicity fins 14 formed by metal plates substantially rectangular perpendicular to each other.
  • Each tube 12 has a free end 16 assembled mechanically to a header plate 18, also called “collector”. Before assembling the tubes and the plate manifold, the ends 16 of the tubes have exactly the same section as the tubes, in the current part receiving the fins 14.
  • the collector plate 18 comprises a shaped core 20 general rectangular delimiting a multiplicity of holes 22, of oval section, suitable for receiving the ends 16 tubes. Each hole 22 is surrounded by a directed collar 24 on the side of the fins 14.
  • the core 20 is extended by a peripheral gutter 26 delimiting a groove and ending with a peripheral rim 28 forming folding legs.
  • the collector plate 18 receives a compressible seal 30 comprising a core 32 which is applied to the core 20 of the collector plate.
  • This core 32 is connected to a multiplicity of collars 34 which each enter a hole 22 to ensure the seal between the end 16 of a tube and the collar 24 corresponding.
  • the core 32 forms at its periphery a bead 36 disposed in the gutter 26 and suitable for seal with a manifold (not shown) when the peripheral rim 28 is folded down.
  • the section of the end 16 of the tube has a substantially oval shape characterized by a major axis T'1 (after assembly) and a minor axis T'2 (after assembly).
  • the major axis T'1 is equal to the major axis T1 ( Figure 7) of the section 16 of the end of the tube before assembly, this section being identical to that of the tubes in its part current.
  • the minor axis T'2 is greater than the minor axis T2 before assembly (figure 7), because it underwent a first radial flare.
  • a second localized radial flare which results in the presence of two bulges 38, as can be seen on Figures 1, 2 and 3 and which limit the displacement of the tube relative to the collector.
  • each collar 34 of the seal 30 Before assembly, each collar 34 of the seal 30 is in the state uncompressed. It has a large internal axis J1 (figure 5) which is less than the major axis T1 of the end 16 of the tube ( Figure 7). It also has a small axis J2 (figure 5) which is greater than the minor axis T2 of the end of the tube (figure 7).
  • the collecting plate 18 fitted of its joint 30 is placed near the bundle 10, of so that the holes 22 are opposite the ends 16 of the tubes.
  • a multiplicity of punches 40 which each have a body 42 of oval section provided with an end 44 suitable for enter an end 16 of a tube 12, without the deform.
  • the punch 42 is designed to exert compression on inside the collar 34 only in the direction of its major axis so that this major axis passes from the value J1 (figure 5) to a value J'1 (figure 6) which corresponds to the T1 value of the long axis of the tube to facilitate insertion of the tube according to a joint pre-stressing process.
  • this prestressing of the joint is only carried out in the direction of its major axis. Indeed, it is not necessary to exert a prestress in the direction of the minor axis since the minor axis J2 of the compressible collar (Figure 5) is greater than or equal to the minor axis T2 of the end 16 of the tube.
  • a presser 46 which is moved in the direction of arrow F2 and which is supported on the core 32 of the compressible seal 30.
  • the displacement of the presser 46 causes the displacement of the collector plate 18-compressible seal 30 assembly, if although each end 16 is introduced into a collar 30 previously compressed in the direction of its major axis.
  • each of the collars 34 is compressed in the direction of its major axis, but not in the direction of its minor axis.
  • This flare allows to exert a compression on the collar 34 in the direction of its minor axis.
  • each tube is conformed only after assembly and that this conformation is obtained only by a flaring in the direction of the minor axis.
  • this flaring relates to the large radius faces of the section of the tube, which eliminates the problems of work hardening.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to the production of heat exchangers for motor vehicles, in particular for cooling radiators or heater.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur, en particulier pour véhicule automobile, et son procédé d'assemblage.The invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular for a motor vehicle, and its assembly process.

Elle concerne plus particulièrement un échangeur de chaleur du type comprenant une multiplicité de tubes traversant des ailettes et ayant des extrémités introduites dans des trous d'une plaque collectrice avec interposition d'un joint d'étanchéité compressible formant des collets entourant les extrémités des tubes, et dans lequel les extrémités des tubes ont une section ovale ou oblongue définie par un grand axe et un petit axe.It relates more particularly to a heat exchanger of the type comprising a multiplicity of tubes passing through fins and having ends inserted into holes of a collector plate with interposition of a seal compressible seal forming collars surrounding the ends of the tubes, and in which the ends of the tubes have an oval or oblong section defined by a major axis and a small axis.

De tels échangeurs de chaleur sont appelés aussi "échangeurs de chaleur à assemblage mécanique" car les extrémités des tubes sont ensuite évasées pour assurer la compression des collets du joint, ce qui assure l'étanchéité du raccordement des tubes et de la plaque collectrice.Such heat exchangers are also called "exchangers heat to mechanical assembly "because the ends of the tubes are then flared to ensure compression of the joint flanges, which ensures the tightness of the connection tubes and the collector plate.

On connaít déjà des échangeurs de chaleur de ce type, dans lesquels les extrémités des tubes sont déformées, avant assemblage avec la plaque collectrice, pour qu'elles présentent une section différente de celle des tubes.We already know heat exchangers of this type, in which the ends of the tubes are deformed, before assembly with the collector plate, so that they have a section different from that of the tubes.

Il est connu pour cela, soit d'arrondir la section de chaque extrémité de tube, comme enseigné par le document FR-A-2 474 674, soit de l'ovaliser comme enseigné par le Brevet Européen 0 387 678.It is known for this to either round off the section of each tube end, as taught by document FR-A-2 474 674, or to ovalize it as taught by the European Patent 0 387 678.

Toutefois, la modification de chaque tube, à son extrémité, a pour inconvénient d'écrouir le métal constitutif du tube et de conduire éventuellement à des éclatements de la paroi du tube lors de l'opération ultérieure d'évasement permettant l'assemblage mécanique. However, the modification of each tube, at its end, has the disadvantage of hardening the metal constituting the tube and eventually lead to bursting of the wall of the tube during the subsequent flaring operation allowing mechanical assembly.

En outre, le changement de section du tube entre la partie du tube qui comporte les ailettes et l'extrémité du tube, implique qu'une portion du tube ne peut comporter d'ailettes ou bien que ces ailettes soient nécessairement déformées et de ce fait inefficaces.In addition, the change in section of the tube between the part of the tube which includes the fins and the end of the tube, implies that a portion of the tube cannot have fins or that these fins are necessarily deformed and therefore ineffective.

L'invention a notamment pour but de surmonter les inconvénients précités.The object of the invention is in particular to overcome the drawbacks cited above.

Elle propose en conséquence un échangeur de chaleur du type défini en introduction, dans lequel le grand axe de l'extrémité du tube est égal au grand axe du tube, tandis que le petit axe de l'extrémité du tube est supérieur au petit axe du tube, par suite d'un évasement du tube lors de l'assemblage de l'échangeur de chaleur.It therefore proposes a heat exchanger of the type defined in the introduction, in which the major axis of the end of the tube is equal to the long axis of the tube, while the minor axis of the tube end is greater than the minor axis of the tube, due to a flaring of the tube during assembly of the heat exchanger.

Ainsi, l'extrémité du tube n'est pas conformée avant assemblage, c'est-à-dire avant montage de la plaque collectrice. Il en résulte que, lors de l'introduction des extrémités des tubes dans les trous de la plaque collectrice, les extrémités des tubes ont la même section que ces derniers.Thus, the end of the tube is not shaped before assembly, that is to say before mounting the collector plate. It follows that, when introducing the ends of the tubes in the holes of the collector plate, the ends tubes have the same section as the latter.

Du fait que le tube n'est pas conformé avant montage de la plaque collectrice, la longueur du tube, dépourvue d'ailettes, peut être rendue très faible, ce qui augmente la surface utile du faisceau de tubes.Because the tube is not shaped before mounting the collector plate, the length of the tube, devoid of fins, can be made very small, which increases the surface useful of the tube bundle.

L'assemblage mécanique est obtenu uniquement par un évasement du tube dans la direction du petit axe, cet évasement s'opérant sur les parois de grand rayon de l'extrémité du tube, ce qui évite les problèmes d'écrouissage susceptibles d'être générés par les procédés de la technique antérieure.Mechanical assembly is obtained only by flaring of the tube in the direction of the minor axis, this flare operating on the large radius walls of the end of the tube, which avoids the problems of work hardening likely to be generated by the processes of the prior art.

De ce fait, la déformation de l'extrémité du tube résultant de l'évasement s'effectue sur une zone limitée, ce qui permet de supprimer les défauts rencontrés habituellement et en outre d'utiliser des alliages métalliques ayant des caractéristiques mécaniques plus élevées. Therefore, the deformation of the end of the tube resulting flaring is done over a limited area, which allows to remove the faults usually encountered and in addition to using metal alloys with characteristics higher mechanical.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la section d'extrémité du tube, avant assemblage, est égale à la section du tube.According to another characteristic of the invention, the section end of the tube, before assembly, is equal to the section of the tube.

Autrement dit, la section d'extrémité du tube n'est pas conformée avant assemblage.In other words, the end section of the tube is not conformed before assembly.

De façon avantageuse, la compression du collet du joint d'étanchéité dans la direction du grand axe est effectuée avant introduction de l'extrémité du tube, tandis que la compression du collet du joint d'étanchéité dans la direction du petit axe résulte de l'évasement du tube lors de l'assemblage de l'échangeur de chaleur.Advantageously, the compression of the joint collar sealing in the direction of the major axis is carried out before introduction of the end of the tube, while the compression of the seal collar in the direction of the minor axis results from the flaring of the tube during assembly of the heat exchanger.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le grand axe du tube est supérieur au grand axe intérieur du collet du joint avant compression, tandis que le petit axe du tube est inférieur au petit axe intérieur du collet du joint avant compression.According to another characteristic of the invention, the major axis of the tube is greater than the major inner axis of the collar of the joint before compression, while the minor axis of the tube is lower than the small inner axis of the front seal collar compression.

Sous un autre aspect, l'invention concerne un procédé d'assemblage d'un échangeur de chaleur du type défini précédemment.In another aspect, the invention relates to a method assembly of a heat exchanger of the defined type previously.

Le procédé d'assemblage de l'invention comprend, pour l'essentiel, les opérations suivantes :

  • a) prévoir une multiplicité de tubes traversant des ailettes et ayant chacun une section ovale ou allongée définie par un grand axe et un petit axe, ainsi qu'une extrémité libre;
  • b) prévoir une plaque collectrice munie de trous de section ovale ou allongée et équipée d'un joint d'étanchéité compressible formant des collets propres à être engagés respectivement au travers des trous;
  • c) comprimer chaque collet du joint dans la direction de son grand axe;
  • d) introduire les extrémités respectives des tubes dans les trous de la plaque collectrice et les collets du joint d'étanchéité, maintenus comprimés dans la direction du grand axe; et
  • e) soumettre les extrémités des tubes à un évasement dans la direction de leur petit axe pour assurer la compression du collet de joint dans cette direction.
  • The assembly method of the invention essentially comprises the following operations:
  • a) provide a multiplicity of tubes passing through fins and each having an oval or elongated section defined by a major axis and a minor axis, as well as a free end;
  • b) provide a collector plate provided with holes of oval or elongated section and equipped with a compressible seal forming collars suitable for being engaged respectively through the holes;
  • c) compressing each neck of the joint in the direction of its major axis;
  • d) introduce the respective ends of the tubes into the holes in the collector plate and the collars of the seal, kept compressed in the direction of the major axis; and
  • e) subject the ends of the tubes to a flaring in the direction of their minor axis to ensure the compression of the joint collar in this direction.
  • Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, dans l'opération a), la section d'extrémité de chaque tube avant assemblage est identique à la section du tube.According to another characteristic of the invention, in the operation a), the end section of each tube before assembly is identical to the section of the tube.

    De façon avantageuse, l'opération c) de compression du collet du joint dans la direction d'un grand axe est effectuée au moyen d'un poinçon qui présente une extrémité libre propre à s'introduire dans l'extrémité du tube correspondante, sans la déformer.Advantageously, operation c) of compression of the collar of the joint in the direction of a major axis is carried out at by means of a punch which has a free end suitable for enter the end of the corresponding tube, without the deform.

    Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'opération d) d'introduction des extrémités des tubes s'effectue par déplacement de la plaque collectrice au moyen d'un presseur.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, operation d) of introducing the ends of the tubes is carried out by moving the collecting plate by means of of a bailer.

    L'invention prévoit également que l'opération e) d'évasement est réalisée au moyen d'un poinçon qui élargit l'extrémité du tube dans la direction du petit axe.The invention also provides that operation e) of flaring is made by means of a punch which widens the end of the tube in the direction of the minor axis.

    Dans la description qui suit donnée seulement à titre d'exemple, on se réfère aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

    • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe transversale partielle d'un échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention, une fois assemblé;
    • la figure 2 est une vue de l'extrémité d'un tube de l'échangeur de chaleur de la figure 1;
    • la figure 3 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne III-III de la figure 1;
    • la figure 4 est une vue en coupe transversale de la plaque collectrice et du joint d'étanchéité de l'échangeur de chaleur de la figure 1, avant assemblage;
    • la figure 5 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne V-V de la figure 4;
    • la figure 6 est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 4 au cours d'une phase du procédé, dans laquelle un poinçon est introduit au travers de chaque trou de la plaque collectrice et emmanché dans un tube du faisceau;
    • la figure 7 est une vue de l'extrémité d'un tube avant assemblage;
    • la figure 8 est une vue en coupe analogue à celle de la figure 6 au cours d'une phase ultérieure du procédé dans laquelle les extrémités de tubes ont été introduites dans les trous de la plaque collectrice;
    • la figure 9 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne IX-IX de la figure 8;
    • la figure 10 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne X-X de la figure 8; et
    • la figure 11 est une vue en coupe analogue à celle de la figure 10 montrant le procédé d'évasement de l'extrémité du tube.
    In the description which follows, given solely by way of example, reference is made to the appended drawings, in which:
    • Figure 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a heat exchanger according to the invention, once assembled;
    • Figure 2 is a view of the end of a tube of the heat exchanger of Figure 1;
    • Figure 3 is a sectional view along line III-III of Figure 1;
    • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the header plate and the gasket of the heat exchanger of Figure 1, before assembly;
    • Figure 5 is a sectional view along line VV of Figure 4;
    • FIG. 6 is a view similar to that of FIG. 4 during a phase of the process, in which a punch is introduced through each hole in the collector plate and fitted into a tube of the bundle;
    • Figure 7 is a view of the end of a tube before assembly;
    • Figure 8 is a sectional view similar to that of Figure 6 during a subsequent phase of the process in which the tube ends have been introduced into the holes of the collector plate;
    • Figure 9 is a sectional view along the line IX-IX of Figure 8;
    • Figure 10 is a sectional view along line XX of Figure 8; and
    • Figure 11 is a sectional view similar to that of Figure 10 showing the method of flaring the end of the tube.

    L'échangeur de chaleur représenté aux figures 1 et 3 comprend un faisceau 10 formé d'une multiplicité de tubes 12 de section ovale qui sont disposés parallèlement entre eux et sur une seule rangée. Les tubes 12 traversent une multiplicité d'ailettes 14 constituées par des plaques métalliques sensiblement rectangulaires perpendiculaires entre elles. The heat exchanger shown in Figures 1 and 3 includes a bundle 10 formed of a multiplicity of tubes 12 of oval section which are arranged parallel to each other and in a single row. The tubes 12 pass through a multiplicity fins 14 formed by metal plates substantially rectangular perpendicular to each other.

    Chaque tube 12 comporte une extrémité libre 16 assemblée mécaniquement à une plaque collectrice 18, encore appelée "collecteur". Avant assemblage des tubes et de la plaque collectrice, les extrémités 16 des tubes ont exactement la même section que les tubes, dans la partie courante recevant les ailettes 14.Each tube 12 has a free end 16 assembled mechanically to a header plate 18, also called "collector". Before assembling the tubes and the plate manifold, the ends 16 of the tubes have exactly the same section as the tubes, in the current part receiving the fins 14.

    La plaque collectrice 18 comprend une âme 20 de forme générale rectangulaire délimitant une multiplicité de trous 22, de section ovale, propres à recevoir les extrémités 16 des tubes. Chaque trou 22 est entouré par un collet 24 dirigé du côté des ailettes 14.The collector plate 18 comprises a shaped core 20 general rectangular delimiting a multiplicity of holes 22, of oval section, suitable for receiving the ends 16 tubes. Each hole 22 is surrounded by a directed collar 24 on the side of the fins 14.

    L'âme 20 se prolonge par une gouttière périphérique 26 délimitant une gorge et terminée par un rebord périphérique 28 formant des pattes rabattables. La plaque collectrice 18 reçoit un joint d'étanchéité compressible 30 comportant une âme 32 venant s'appliquer sur l'âme 20 de la plaque collectrice. Cette âme 32 est reliée à une multiplicité de collets 34 qui s'introduisent chacun dans un trou 22 pour assurer l'étanchéité entre l'extrémité 16 d'un tube et le collet 24 correspondant. Par ailleurs, l'âme 32 forme à sa périphérie un bourrelet 36 disposé dans la gouttière 26 et propre à assurer l'étanchéité avec une boíte collectrice (non représentée) lorsque le rebord périphérique 28 est rabattu.The core 20 is extended by a peripheral gutter 26 delimiting a groove and ending with a peripheral rim 28 forming folding legs. The collector plate 18 receives a compressible seal 30 comprising a core 32 which is applied to the core 20 of the collector plate. This core 32 is connected to a multiplicity of collars 34 which each enter a hole 22 to ensure the seal between the end 16 of a tube and the collar 24 corresponding. Furthermore, the core 32 forms at its periphery a bead 36 disposed in the gutter 26 and suitable for seal with a manifold (not shown) when the peripheral rim 28 is folded down.

    Comme on le voit sur la figure 2, la section de l'extrémité 16 du tube a une forme sensiblement ovale caractérisée par un grand axe T'1 (après assemblage) et un petit axe T'2 (après assemblage).As seen in Figure 2, the section of the end 16 of the tube has a substantially oval shape characterized by a major axis T'1 (after assembly) and a minor axis T'2 (after assembly).

    Le grand axe T'1 est égal au grand axe T1 (figure 7) de la section 16 de l'extrémité du tube avant assemblage, cette section étant identique à celle des tubes dans sa partie courante.The major axis T'1 is equal to the major axis T1 (Figure 7) of the section 16 of the end of the tube before assembly, this section being identical to that of the tubes in its part current.

    Par contre, le petit axe T'2 est supérieur au petit axe T2 avant assemblage (figure 7), car il a subi un premier évasement radial. A ce premier évasement, il est ajouté un second évasement radial localisé qui se traduit par la présence de deux renflements 38, comme on peut le voir sur les figures 1, 2 et 3 et qui permettent de limiter le déplacement du tube par rapport au collecteur.On the other hand, the minor axis T'2 is greater than the minor axis T2 before assembly (figure 7), because it underwent a first radial flare. To this first flare, a second localized radial flare which results in the presence of two bulges 38, as can be seen on Figures 1, 2 and 3 and which limit the displacement of the tube relative to the collector.

    On décrira maintenant l'assemblage de l'échangeur de chaleur des figures 1 et 3 en référence aux figures 4 à 11.We will now describe the assembly of the heat exchanger in Figures 1 and 3 with reference to Figures 4 to 11.

    Sur la figure 4, on retrouve la plaque collectrice 18 et son joint d'étanchéité 30, avant assemblage.In FIG. 4, we find the collecting plate 18 and its seal 30, before assembly.

    Avant assemblage, chaque collet 34 du joint 30 est à l'état non comprimé. Il présente un grand axe intérieur J1 (figure 5) qui est inférieur au grand axe T1 de l'extrémité 16 du tube (figure 7). Il présente en outre un petit axe J2 (figure 5) qui est supérieur au petit axe T2 de l'extrémité du tube (figure 7).Before assembly, each collar 34 of the seal 30 is in the state uncompressed. It has a large internal axis J1 (figure 5) which is less than the major axis T1 of the end 16 of the tube (Figure 7). It also has a small axis J2 (figure 5) which is greater than the minor axis T2 of the end of the tube (figure 7).

    Comme montré à la figure 6, la plaque collectrice 18 équipée de son joint 30 est placée à proximité du faisceau 10, de telle sorte que les trous 22 soient en regard des extrémités 16 des tubes. On introduit alors, dans le sens de la flèche F1, une multiplicité de poinçons 40 qui présentent chacun un corps 42 de section ovale pourvu d'une extrémité 44 propre à s'introduire dans une extrémité 16 d'un tube 12, sans la déformer.As shown in FIG. 6, the collecting plate 18 fitted of its joint 30 is placed near the bundle 10, of so that the holes 22 are opposite the ends 16 of the tubes. We then introduce, in the direction of the arrow F1, a multiplicity of punches 40 which each have a body 42 of oval section provided with an end 44 suitable for enter an end 16 of a tube 12, without the deform.

    Le poinçon 42 est conçu pour exercer une compression sur l'intérieur du collet 34 uniquement dans la direction de son grand axe de manière que ce grand axe passe de la valeur J1 (figure 5) à une valeur J'1 (figure 6) qui correspond à la valeur T1 du grand axe du tube pour faciliter l'introduction du tube selon un processus de précontrainte du joint. Cependant, cette précontrainte du joint s'effectue uniquement dans la direction de son grand axe. En effet, il n'est pas nécessaire d'exercer une précontrainte dans la direction du petit axe puisque le petit axe J2 du collet compressible (figure 5) est supérieur ou égal au petit axe T2 de l'extrémité 16 du tube. The punch 42 is designed to exert compression on inside the collar 34 only in the direction of its major axis so that this major axis passes from the value J1 (figure 5) to a value J'1 (figure 6) which corresponds to the T1 value of the long axis of the tube to facilitate insertion of the tube according to a joint pre-stressing process. However, this prestressing of the joint is only carried out in the direction of its major axis. Indeed, it is not necessary to exert a prestress in the direction of the minor axis since the minor axis J2 of the compressible collar (Figure 5) is greater than or equal to the minor axis T2 of the end 16 of the tube.

    On comprendra que, dans la position de la figure 6, le collet 34 a subi une compression dans la direction de son grand axe, mais pas dans la direction de son petit axe, ce qui facilite ensuite l'introduction de l'extrémité 16 du tube.It will be understood that, in the position of FIG. 6, the collar 34 has been compressed in the direction of its major axis, but not in the direction of its minor axis, which facilitates then the introduction of the end 16 of the tube.

    Pour cela, on utilise, comme montré à la figure 8, un presseur 46 qui est déplacé dans la direction de la flèche F2 et qui prend appui sur l'âme 32 du joint compressible 30. Le déplacement du presseur 46 provoque le déplacement de l'ensemble plaque collectrice 18-joint compressible 30, si bien que chaque extrémité 16 se trouve introduite dans un collet 30 préalablement comprimé dans la direction de son grand axe.For this, we use, as shown in figure 8, a presser 46 which is moved in the direction of arrow F2 and which is supported on the core 32 of the compressible seal 30. The displacement of the presser 46 causes the displacement of the collector plate 18-compressible seal 30 assembly, if although each end 16 is introduced into a collar 30 previously compressed in the direction of its major axis.

    Comme on le voit sur les figures 8, 9 et 10, l'extrémité 16 du tube dépasse alors du joint compressible 30. A ce stade, chacun des collets 34 est comprimé dans la direction de son grand axe, mais pas dans la direction de son petit axe.As seen in Figures 8, 9 and 10, the end 16 of the tube then protrudes from the compressible seal 30. At this stage, each of the collars 34 is compressed in the direction of its major axis, but not in the direction of its minor axis.

    Ensuite, on procède à un évasement de chacune des extrémités 16 au moyen d'un poinçon 48 déplacé dans la direction de la flèche F3 (figure 11), qui comporte un corps 50 terminé par une extrémité 52, laquelle est introduite dans l'extrémité 16 du tube pour la déformer essentiellement dans la direction du petit axe, et former les deux renflements 38 (figures 1 à 3).Then we proceed to a flare of each end 16 by means of a punch 48 moved in the direction of the arrow F3 (FIG. 11), which comprises a body 50 terminated by one end 52, which is introduced into the end 16 of the tube to deform it essentially in the direction of the minor axis, and form the two bulges 38 (Figures 1 to 3).

    Cet évasement permet d'exercer une compression sur le collet 34 dans la direction de son petit axe.This flare allows to exert a compression on the collar 34 in the direction of its minor axis.

    Il suffit ensuite de déplacer le poinçon 48 dans une direction opposée à celle de la flèche F3, pour obtenir un échangeur de chaleur tel que représenté aux figures 1 et 3.Then simply move the punch 48 in one direction opposite that of arrow F3, to obtain a heat exchanger as shown in Figures 1 and 3.

    On comprendra que, conformément à l'invention, l'extrémité de chaque tube est conformée seulement après assemblage et que cette conformation est obtenue uniquement par un évasement dans la direction du petit axe. Il en résulte que cet évasement porte sur les faces de grand rayon de la section du tube, ce qui élimine les problèmes d'écrouissage. It will be understood that, in accordance with the invention, the end of each tube is conformed only after assembly and that this conformation is obtained only by a flaring in the direction of the minor axis. As a result, this flaring relates to the large radius faces of the section of the tube, which eliminates the problems of work hardening.

    L'invention est tout particulièrement applicable à la réalisation d'échangeurs de chaleur pour véhicules automobiles, en particulier pour radiateurs de refroidissement ou de chauffage.The invention is particularly applicable to the production of heat exchangers for motor vehicles, in particular for cooling radiators or heater.

    Claims (9)

    1. Heat exchanger of the type comprising a multiplicity of tubes (12), the cross section of which is of oval or oblong shape having a large axis (T1) and a small axis (T2), passing through fins (14) and having extremities (16) inserted into holes (22) of a manifold plate (18) with interposition of a compressible sealing gasket (30) forming collars (34) surrounding the extremities (16) of the tubes, characterised in that the large axis (T'1) of the extremity (16) of the tube (12) is equal to the large axis (T1) of the tube, while the small axis (T'2) of the extremity (16) of the tube (12) is greater than the small axis (T2) of the tube as a result of a flaring of the tube during the assembly of the heat exchanger.
    2. Heat exchanger according to Claim 1, characterised in that the cross section of the extremity (16) of the tube (12), before assembly, is equal to the cross section of the tube (12).
    3. Heat exchanger according to one of Claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the compression of the collar (34) of the sealing gasket in the direction of the large axis (J1) is carried out before insertion of the extremity (16) of the tube (12), while the compression of the collar (34) of the sealing gasket (30) in the direction of the small axis (J2) results from the flaring of the tube (12) during the assembly of the heat exchanger.
    4. Heat exchanger according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the large axis (T1) of the tube is greater than the internal large axis (J1) of the collar (34) of the gasket (30) before compression, and in that the small axis (T2) of the tube (12) is less than the internal small axis (J2) of the collar (34) of the gasket before compression.
    5. Method of assembling a heat exchanger according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that it comprises the following operations:
      a) providing a multiplicity of tubes (12) passing through fins (14) and each having an oval or elongate cross section defined by a large axis (T1) and a small axis (T2), as well as a free extremity (16);
      b) providing a manifold plate (18) fitted with holes (22) of oval or elongate cross section and equipped with a compressible sealing gasket (30) forming collars (34) suitable for being engaged respectively through the holes (22);
      c) compressing each collar (34) of the gasket (30) in the direction of its large axis (J1);
      d) inserting the respective extremities (16) of the tubes (12) into the holes (22) of the manifold plate (18) and the collars (34) of the sealing gasket (30), which are held compressed in the direction of the large axis; and
      e) subjecting the extremities (16) of the tubes (12) to a flaring in the direction of their small axis so as to compress the collar (34) of the gasket in this direction.
    6. Method according to Claim 5, characterised in that, in operation a), the cross section of the extremity (16) of each tube (12) before assembly is identical to the cross section of the tube (12).
    7. Method according to one of Claims 5 and 6, characterised in that the operation c) of compressing the collar (34) of the gasket (30) in the direction of its large axis is carried out by means of a punch (40) which has a free extremity (44) suitable for being inserted into the extremity (16) of the corresponding tube (12), without deforming it.
    8. Method according to one of Claims 5 to 7, characterised in that the operation d) of inserting the extremities (16) of the tubes (12) is carried out by shifting of the manifold plate (18) by means of a presser (46).
    9. Method according to one of Claims 5 to 8, characterised in that the flaring operation e) is carried out by means of a punch (48) which widens the extremity (16) of the tube (12) in the direction of the small axis.
    EP96117254A 1995-11-02 1996-10-28 Heat exchanger having tubes of oval or oblong cross section and method of assembling the same Expired - Lifetime EP0772019B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR9512949 1995-11-02
    FR9512949A FR2740869B1 (en) 1995-11-02 1995-11-02 HEAT EXCHANGER WITH TUBES OF OVAL OR OBLONG SECTION AND ITS ASSEMBLY METHOD

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0772019A1 EP0772019A1 (en) 1997-05-07
    EP0772019B1 true EP0772019B1 (en) 2000-08-30

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    EP96117254A Expired - Lifetime EP0772019B1 (en) 1995-11-02 1996-10-28 Heat exchanger having tubes of oval or oblong cross section and method of assembling the same

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    US (2) US5901784A (en)
    EP (1) EP0772019B1 (en)
    BR (1) BR9605375A (en)
    DE (1) DE69610059T2 (en)
    FR (1) FR2740869B1 (en)
    MX (1) MX9605319A (en)

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    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    BR9605375A (en) 1998-07-28
    FR2740869B1 (en) 1997-12-19
    DE69610059D1 (en) 2000-10-05
    MX9605319A (en) 1997-08-30
    DE69610059T2 (en) 2001-04-12
    US6044554A (en) 2000-04-04
    FR2740869A1 (en) 1997-05-09
    EP0772019A1 (en) 1997-05-07
    US5901784A (en) 1999-05-11

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