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EP0768692A1 - Autoexpansion circuit breaker with insulating gas - Google Patents

Autoexpansion circuit breaker with insulating gas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0768692A1
EP0768692A1 EP96410100A EP96410100A EP0768692A1 EP 0768692 A1 EP0768692 A1 EP 0768692A1 EP 96410100 A EP96410100 A EP 96410100A EP 96410100 A EP96410100 A EP 96410100A EP 0768692 A1 EP0768692 A1 EP 0768692A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
circuit breaker
coil
arcing contact
fixed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96410100A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0768692B1 (en
Inventor
Denis Raphard
Raymond Soboul
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Original Assignee
Schneider Electric SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schneider Electric SE filed Critical Schneider Electric SE
Publication of EP0768692A1 publication Critical patent/EP0768692A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0768692B1 publication Critical patent/EP0768692B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/98—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow
    • H01H33/982—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow in which the pressure-generating arc is rotated by a magnetic field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/34—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting with provision for adjusting position of contact relative to its co-operating contact
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/36—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by sliding
    • H01H1/38—Plug-and-socket contacts
    • H01H1/385—Contact arrangements for high voltage gas blast circuit breakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/12—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
    • H01H33/121—Load break switches
    • H01H33/122—Load break switches both breaker and sectionaliser being enclosed, e.g. in SF6-filled container

Definitions

  • the thermal action of the arc inside the cartridge can cause significant gas formation due to the presence of the gas-forming plastic material of the support arm. Part of this gas can enter the cartridge, which disturbs the self-expanding effect, with the risk of re-striking the arc.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the breaking performance of a self-expanding circuit breaker.
  • the heat shield is formed by a polytetrafluoroethylene plate, held in place against the base by means of a stop ring mounted coaxially around the guide sleeve.
  • the arc capture electrode is coplanar with an annular contact track for rotating the arc, said track being connected to the front face of the coil.
  • the opposite end of the coil is connected to a current supply pad via a magnetic circuit.
  • the coil is excited through a ferromagnetic plate of a magnetic circuit, said plate being in electrical connection with the conductive cartridge.
  • the terminal turns of the coil are individually fixed by auxiliary screws respectively to the magnetic circuit and to the contact track.
  • the arcing contacts form a telescopic assembly, and spring blades bear on the contact fingers associated with the fixed arcing contact and the socket, to ensure the contact pressure when the contact d the moving arc is engaged inside the fixed arcing contact in the closed position.
  • an adjustable support member comprising a metal washer with notches for adjusting the axial clearance between the end of the fixed arc contact and the electrode.
  • a pole of a three-pole medium-voltage circuit breaker 10 is housed in a sealed insulating jacket 12 filled with a gas of high dielectric strength, in particular of sulfur hexafluoride SF6.
  • the pole includes a pair of bushings 14, 16 arranged in current supply ranges for supplying the circuit breaker.
  • the bushings 14, 16 are directly connected to a disconnecting member 18 of the main circuit 19, comprising inside the casing 17 a fixed main contact 20 secured to the internal end of the first bushing 14 by screws 21, and a movable main contact 22 pivotally mounted on an axis 24 of a first support bracket 26, which is secured to the second bushing 16 by fixing screws 28.
  • the casing 12 has a flange 29 closed by a cover 30 with the interposition of a seal 32.
  • Inside the casing 12 is an auxiliary circuit with breaking chamber 34 containing a pair of contacts of arc 36, 38, one of which 38 movable is mounted to slide longitudinally between a closed position where it is in engagement with the fixed arcing contact 36, and an open position for separating the arcing contacts 36, 38.
  • the arcing contacts 36, 38 of the breaking chamber 34 are electrically connected by a connecting conductor 40 and a braid 42, respectively at the bushings 14 and 16, so as to constitute a parallel mounting. In the closed position, the arcing contacts 36, 38 ensure the shunting of the main contacts 20, 22.
  • the interrupting chamber 34 is formed by a cartridge 43 of a self-expanding and arc-extinguishing extinguishing device, said cartridge communicating with the internal volume of the casing 12 through the movable arcing contact 38 tubular .
  • the actuation of the movable main contact 22, and of the movable arcing contact 38 is effected by means of a rotary shaft 44, sealingly traversing the wall of the casing 12 while being coupled outside to a control (not shown). Inside the casing 12, the shaft 44 carries a crank 46 at each pole.
  • the crank 46 is connected to the main movable contact 22 by a first link 48, and to the movable arcing contact 38 by a second link 50.
  • the articulation of the links 48, 50 takes place at a point 51 of the crank 46, the assembly being arranged to close the arcing contacts 36, 38 before the main contacts 20, 22, and open the arcing contacts 36, 38 after the main contacts 20, 22.
  • the interrupting chamber 34 comprises a lower support arm 62, extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cartridge 43 and the end of which is equipped an axis 64 of articulation.
  • the cartridge 43 is further provided with a pair of fixing studs 66 located opposite the arm 62 in the longitudinal direction.
  • the articulation axis 64 of the support arm 62 is engaged in a U-shaped notch formed in an extension of the stirrup 26 for supporting the movable main contact 22.
  • the intermediate part of the connection conductor 40 is interposed between each stud 66 and a shoulder of the casing 12, and the end pad of the conductor 40 is connected to the main circuit by the screws 21 for fixing the fixed main contact 20 to the bushing 14.
  • the connecting braid 42 is connected to an intermediate conductor 82 having an end pad plated on the base of the bracket 26 by means of the screws 28.
  • the metallic cartridge 43 of the cutting chamber 34 has a cover 100 attached to a cylindrical wall 102 by fixing screws 104.
  • the cover 100 and the wall 102 are preferably made of an alloy of aluminum.
  • the insulating support arm 62 adapts to the lower part of the wall 102 is equipped with a cylindrical guide bush 106, and a base 108 fixed to a first internal shoulder 110 of the wall 102 by screws 111.
  • a tubular brass insert 112 is arranged inside the sleeve 106, and is slidably traversed by the movable arc contact, 38.
  • the support arm 62 is produced by molding an insulating material, in particular based polycarbonate.
  • a heat shield 114 formed by a polytetrafluoroethylene plate, surrounds the guide sleeve 106 and is placed on the base 108 and a second shoulder 116 coplanar with the wall 102. Maintaining the screen 114 against the base 108 s' performed by means of a stop ring 118 mounted coaxially around the socket 106.
  • the underside of the heat shield 114 communicates with the internal volume of the casing 12 through orifices 120 augularly distributed around the socket 106 .
  • the presence of the heat shield 114 inside the cutting chamber 34 limits the heating of the plastic material of the base 108 of the support arm 62 following the thermal action of the arc resulting from the cutting. a strong current between the arcing contacts 36, 38.
  • the screen 114 also serves as a flame arrester preventing any propagation of ionized gases generated in the breaking chamber 34 towards the outside of the cartridge 43.
  • the hot gases emitted at the level of the insulating base 108 are driven in the direction of the arrow F through the exhaust ports 120 and cannot penetrate inside the cartridge 43.
  • the fixed arcing contact 36 is arranged inside the annular coil 122 and is shaped according to a clamp having a plurality of contact fingers 124 mounted in a groove 125 of a support member 126 fixed to the cover 100 by a fixing screw 128.
  • the support member 126 is made of conductive metallic material, in particular of stamped copper and is provided with a washer 130 with notches for adjusting the axial clearance between the end of the fixed arcing contact 36 and the electrode 132 of arc capture.
  • the electrode 132 is coplanar with the contact track 134 attached to the front face of the coil 122, and is used to excite the coil 122 at the start of the opening stroke of the movable arcing contact 38.
  • the coil 122 comprises a stack of conductive turns 136 electrically connected in series, said coil being connected on the opposite side of track 134 to a magnetic circuit 138.
  • the magnetic circuit 138 comprises a plate 140 made of ferromagnetic material, for example steel, inserted between the side wall 102 of the cartridge 43 and the cover 100, and a cylindrical socket 142 arranged coaxially between the fixed arcing contact 36 and the coil 122. Assembly screws, one of which 144 is shown in FIG. 3, pass through the turns 136 of the coil 122 and the contact track 134 to secure the coil 122 to the plate 140 of the magnetic circuit 138.
  • An insulating sleeve 145 is interposed between the coil 122, and the fixed arcing contact 36 and socket 142 assembly.
  • Spring blades 146 bear on the contact fingers 124 and the socket 142 to ensure contact pressure when the movable arcing contact 38 is engaged with the fixed arcing contact 36 in the closed position A.
  • the current enters through the fixing stud 66, and flows in the contact fingers 124 after having passed through the connecting conductor 40 and the cover 100. After passing through the fixed arcing contacts 36 and mobile 38, the current goes to the crossing 16 via the braid 42 (see Figure 1).
  • the arc is switched over to the electrode 132 allowing the coil 122 to be excited.
  • the terminal coils 136 of the coil 122 are individually fixed by auxiliary screws 150, 152, respectively to the plate 140 and to the contact track 134.
  • the connection of the additional screws 150, 152 guarantees good mechanical resistance of the electromagnetic coil 122 despite the presence of the electrodynamic forces of repulsion generated at the extreme turns.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Studio Devices (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)

Abstract

The electric circuit breaker comprises a gas expansion cut-off chamber (34) enclosing separable arc contacts and an electromagnetic coil (122) for causing rotation of the arc. An insulating support arm (62) is fixed to the end of the cartridge (43) and comprises a base (108) fixed on a first internal step (110) of the cartridge (43) by screws (111). A thermal screen (114) is positioned on the base (108) to serve as a flame barrier. The excitation of the coil (122) is effected through a part of the magnetic circuit (138).

Description

L'invention est relative à un disjoncteur électrique à moyenne tension logé dans une enveloppe isolante remplie d'un gaz à rigidité diélectrique élevée, et renfermant une cartouche conformée en une chambre de coupure à autoexpansion comportant :

  • un contact d'arc fixe coopérant avec un contact d'arc mobile,
  • une bobine électromagnétique agencée autour du contact d'arc fixe pour engendrer un champ magnétique dans l'intervalle de coupure après commutation de l'arc sur une électrode,
  • et un bras support en matériau isolant fixé à une extrémité de la cartouche et équipé d'une douille de traversée pour le guidage du contact d'arc mobile.
The invention relates to a medium-voltage electric circuit breaker housed in an insulating envelope filled with a gas of high dielectric strength, and containing a cartridge shaped as a self-expanding breaking chamber comprising:
  • a fixed arcing contact cooperating with a movable arcing contact,
  • an electromagnetic coil arranged around the fixed arcing contact to generate a magnetic field in the cut-off interval after switching of the arcing on an electrode,
  • and a support arm of insulating material fixed to one end of the cartridge and equipped with a bushing for guiding the movable arcing contact.

Lors d'une coupure d'un courant de court-circuit, l'action thermique de l'arc à l'intérieur de la cartouche peut engendrer une formation importante de gaz due à la présence du matériau plastique gazogène du bras support. Une partie de ce gaz peut pénétrer dans la cartouche, ce qui perturbe l'effet d'autoexpansion, avec un risque de réamorçage de l'arc.During a short-circuit current cut, the thermal action of the arc inside the cartridge can cause significant gas formation due to the presence of the gas-forming plastic material of the support arm. Part of this gas can enter the cartridge, which disturbs the self-expanding effect, with the risk of re-striking the arc.

L'objet de l'invention consiste à améliorer les performances de coupure d'un disjoncteur à autoexpansion.The object of the invention is to improve the breaking performance of a self-expanding circuit breaker.

Le disjoncteur selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que

  • le bras support comporte une embase fixée sur un premier épaulement interne de la cartouche par des moyens de fixation,
  • et un écran thermique entoure la douille de guidage, et prend appui sur l'embase et un deuxième épaulement de la cartouche pour limiter l'échauffement de la matière plastique de l'embase suite à l'action thermique de l'arc, et pour servir de pare-flammes, les gaz chauds étant chassés vers le volume de l'enveloppe à travers des orifices d'échappement ménagés dans l'embase.
The circuit breaker according to the invention is characterized in that
  • the support arm comprises a base fixed to a first internal shoulder of the cartridge by fixing means,
  • and a heat shield surrounds the guide sleeve, and is supported on the base and a second shoulder of the cartridge to limit the heating of the plastic material of the base following the thermal action of the arc, and for serve as a flame arrester, the hot gases being expelled towards the volume of the envelope through exhaust orifices provided in the base.

L' écran thermique est formé par une plaque de polytétrafluoréthylène, maintenue en place contre l'embase au moyen d'une bague d'arrêt montée coaxialement autour de la douille de guidage.The heat shield is formed by a polytetrafluoroethylene plate, held in place against the base by means of a stop ring mounted coaxially around the guide sleeve.

La présence de cette plaque empêche l'introduction de l'écoulement gazogène dans la cartouche, ce qui facilite l'extinction de l'arc.The presence of this plate prevents the introduction of the gas-generating flow into the cartridge, which facilitates the extinction of the arc.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, l'électrode de captation de l'arc est coplanaire avec une piste de contact annulaire de mise en rotation de l'arc, ladite piste étant connectée à la face frontale de la bobine. L'extrémité opposée de la bobine est raccordée à un plot d'amenée de courant par l'intermédiaire d'un circuit magnétique.According to a characteristic of the invention, the arc capture electrode is coplanar with an annular contact track for rotating the arc, said track being connected to the front face of the coil. The opposite end of the coil is connected to a current supply pad via a magnetic circuit.

Pour renforcer le champ magnétique dans l'intervalle de coupure, l'excitation de la bobine s'effectue à travers une plaque ferromagnétique d'un circuit magnétique, ladite plaque étant en liaison électrique avec la cartouche conductrice.To strengthen the magnetic field in the cut-off interval, the coil is excited through a ferromagnetic plate of a magnetic circuit, said plate being in electrical connection with the conductive cartridge.

Pour résister au phénomène de délestage dû aux efforts électrodynamiques, les spires terminales de la bobine sont fixées individuellement par des vis auxiliaires respectivement au circuit magnétique et à la piste de contact.To resist the load shedding phenomenon due to electrodynamic forces, the terminal turns of the coil are individually fixed by auxiliary screws respectively to the magnetic circuit and to the contact track.

Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel, les contacts d'arc forment un montage téléscopique, et des lames de ressort prennent appui sur les doigts de contact associés au contact d'arc fixe et la douille, pour assurer la pression de contact lorsque le contact d'arc mobile est engagé à l'intérieur du contact d'arc fixe en position de fermeture.According to a preferred embodiment, the arcing contacts form a telescopic assembly, and spring blades bear on the contact fingers associated with the fixed arcing contact and the socket, to ensure the contact pressure when the contact d the moving arc is engaged inside the fixed arcing contact in the closed position.

La commutation de l'arc sur l'électrode est facilitée grâce à un organe de support orientable, comprenant une rondelle métallique à crans pour l'ajustage du jeu axial entre l'extrémité du contact d'arc fixe et l'électrode.The switching of the arc on the electrode is facilitated by means of an adjustable support member, comprising a metal washer with notches for adjusting the axial clearance between the end of the fixed arc contact and the electrode.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre d'un mode de réalisation de l'invention, donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif, et représenté aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe du disjonteur équipé de la chambre de coupure selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2 montre une vue en coupe de la chambre de coupure selon la figure 1, le contact d'arc mobile n'étant pas représenté,
  • la figure 3 est une vue partielle à échelle agrandie de la figure 2, montrant les différentes phases de fonctionnement lors de la course d'ouverture du contact d'arc mobile,
  • la figure 4 représente une vue de détail de la bobine, montrant la connexion des spires terminales.
Other advantages and characteristics will emerge more clearly from the description which follows of an embodiment of the invention, given by way of nonlimiting example, and represented in the appended drawings, in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the circuit breaker equipped with the breaking chamber according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of the breaking chamber according to FIG. 1, the movable arcing contact not being shown,
  • FIG. 3 is a partial view on an enlarged scale of FIG. 2, showing the different operating phases during the opening stroke of the movable arcing contact,
  • FIG. 4 represents a detail view of the coil, showing the connection of the terminal turns.

Sur la figure 1, un pôle d'un disjoncteur 10 tripolaire à moyenne tension est logé dans une enveloppe 12 isolante étanche remplie d'un gaz à rigidité diélectrique élevée, notamment de l'hexafluorure de soufre SF6. Le pôle comporte une paire de traversées 14, 16 agencées en plages d'amenée de courant pour l'alimentation du disjoncteur.In FIG. 1, a pole of a three-pole medium-voltage circuit breaker 10 is housed in a sealed insulating jacket 12 filled with a gas of high dielectric strength, in particular of sulfur hexafluoride SF6. The pole includes a pair of bushings 14, 16 arranged in current supply ranges for supplying the circuit breaker.

Les traversées 14, 16 sont raccordées directement à un organe sectionneur 18 du circuit principal 19, comprenant à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe 17 un contact principal fixe 20 solidarisé à l'extrémité interne de la première traversée 14 par des vis 21, et un contact principal mobile 22 monté à pivotement sur un axe 24 d'un premier étrier de support 26, lequel est solidarisé à la deuxième traversée 16 par des vis de fixation 28.The bushings 14, 16 are directly connected to a disconnecting member 18 of the main circuit 19, comprising inside the casing 17 a fixed main contact 20 secured to the internal end of the first bushing 14 by screws 21, and a movable main contact 22 pivotally mounted on an axis 24 of a first support bracket 26, which is secured to the second bushing 16 by fixing screws 28.

L'enveloppe 12 comporte une bride 29 obturée par un couvercle 30 avec interposition d'un joint d'étanchéité 32. A l'intérieur de l'enveloppe 12 se trouve un circuit auxiliaire à chambre de coupure 34 renfermant une paire de contacts d'arc 36, 38, dont l'un 38 mobile est monté à coulissement longitudinal entre une position fermée où il se trouve en engagement avec le contact d'arc fixe 36, et une position ouvert de séparation des contacts d'arc 36, 38.The casing 12 has a flange 29 closed by a cover 30 with the interposition of a seal 32. Inside the casing 12 is an auxiliary circuit with breaking chamber 34 containing a pair of contacts of arc 36, 38, one of which 38 movable is mounted to slide longitudinally between a closed position where it is in engagement with the fixed arcing contact 36, and an open position for separating the arcing contacts 36, 38.

Les contacts d'arc 36, 38 de la chambre de coupure 34 sont reliés électriquement par un conducteur de liaison 40 et une tresse 42, respectivement aux traversées 14 et 16, de manière à constituer un montage en parallèle. En position de fermeture, les contacts d'arc 36, 38 assurent le shuntage des contacts principaux 20, 22.The arcing contacts 36, 38 of the breaking chamber 34 are electrically connected by a connecting conductor 40 and a braid 42, respectively at the bushings 14 and 16, so as to constitute a parallel mounting. In the closed position, the arcing contacts 36, 38 ensure the shunting of the main contacts 20, 22.

La chambre de coupure 34 est formée par une cartouche 43 d'un dispositif d'extinction à autoexpansion et à rotation de l'arc, ladite cartouche communiquant avec le volume interne de l'enveloppe 12 à travers le contact d'arc mobile 38 tubulaire.The interrupting chamber 34 is formed by a cartridge 43 of a self-expanding and arc-extinguishing extinguishing device, said cartridge communicating with the internal volume of the casing 12 through the movable arcing contact 38 tubular .

L'actionnement du contact principal mobile 22, et du contact d'arc mobile 38 s'effectue au moyen d'un arbre 44 rotatif, traversant à étanchéité la paroi de l'enveloppe 12 en étant accouplé à l'extérieur à un mécanisme de commande (non représenté). A l'intérieur de l'enveloppe 12, l'arbre 44 porte une manivelle 46 au niveau de chaque pôle.The actuation of the movable main contact 22, and of the movable arcing contact 38 is effected by means of a rotary shaft 44, sealingly traversing the wall of the casing 12 while being coupled outside to a control (not shown). Inside the casing 12, the shaft 44 carries a crank 46 at each pole.

La manivelle 46 est reliée au contact mobile principal 22 par une première biellette 48, et au contact d'arc mobile 38 par une deuxième biellette 50. L'articulation des biellettes 48, 50 s'effectue en un point 51 de la manivelle 46, l'ensemble étant agencé pour fermer les contacts d'arc 36, 38 avant les contacts principaux 20, 22, et ouvrir les contacts d'arc 36, 38 après les contacts principaux 20, 22.The crank 46 is connected to the main movable contact 22 by a first link 48, and to the movable arcing contact 38 by a second link 50. The articulation of the links 48, 50 takes place at a point 51 of the crank 46, the assembly being arranged to close the arcing contacts 36, 38 before the main contacts 20, 22, and open the arcing contacts 36, 38 after the main contacts 20, 22.

La chambre de coupure 34 comporte un bras de support 62 inférieur, s'étendant perpendiculairement à l'axe longitudinal de la cartouche 43 et dont l'extrémité est équipée d'un axe 64 d'articulation. La cartouche 43 est dotée d'autre part d'une paire de plots de fixation 66 située à l'opposé du bras 62 dans la direction longitudinale.The interrupting chamber 34 comprises a lower support arm 62, extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cartridge 43 and the end of which is equipped an axis 64 of articulation. The cartridge 43 is further provided with a pair of fixing studs 66 located opposite the arm 62 in the longitudinal direction.

L'axe d'articulation 64 du bras de support 62 est engagé dans une encoche en U ménagée dans une extension de l'étrier 26 de support du contact principal mobile 22. La partie intermédiaire du conducteur de liaison 40 est intercalée entre chaque plot 66 et un épaulement de l'enveloppe 12, et la plage d'extrémité du conducteur 40 est raccordée au circuit principal par les vis 21 de fixation du contact principal fixe 20 à la traversée 14. A l'opposé, la tresse 42 de liaison est reliée à un conducteur 82 intermédiaire ayant une plage d'extrémité plaquée sur la base de l'étrier 26 au moyen des vis 28.The articulation axis 64 of the support arm 62 is engaged in a U-shaped notch formed in an extension of the stirrup 26 for supporting the movable main contact 22. The intermediate part of the connection conductor 40 is interposed between each stud 66 and a shoulder of the casing 12, and the end pad of the conductor 40 is connected to the main circuit by the screws 21 for fixing the fixed main contact 20 to the bushing 14. In contrast, the connecting braid 42 is connected to an intermediate conductor 82 having an end pad plated on the base of the bracket 26 by means of the screws 28.

En référence à la figure 2, la cartouche 43 métallique de la chambre de coupure 34 comporte un couvercle 100 rapporté sur une paroi 102 cylindrique par des vis de fixation 104. Le couvercle 100 et la paroi 102 sont réalisés de préférence en un alliage d'aluminium. Le bras de support 62 isolant s'adapte à la partie inférieure de la paroi 102 est équipé d'une douille 106 de guidage cylindrique, et d'une embase 108 fixée sur un premier épaulement 110 interne de la paroi 102 par des vis 111. Un insert 112 tubulaire en laiton est agencé à l'intérieur de la douille 106, et est traversé à coulissement par le contact d'arc mobile, 38. Le bras de support 62 est réalisé par moulage d'un matériau isolant, notamment à base de polycarbonate.Referring to Figure 2, the metallic cartridge 43 of the cutting chamber 34 has a cover 100 attached to a cylindrical wall 102 by fixing screws 104. The cover 100 and the wall 102 are preferably made of an alloy of aluminum. The insulating support arm 62 adapts to the lower part of the wall 102 is equipped with a cylindrical guide bush 106, and a base 108 fixed to a first internal shoulder 110 of the wall 102 by screws 111. A tubular brass insert 112 is arranged inside the sleeve 106, and is slidably traversed by the movable arc contact, 38. The support arm 62 is produced by molding an insulating material, in particular based polycarbonate.

Un écran thermique 114 formé par une plaque de polytétrafluoréthylène, entoure la douille de guidage 106 et est posé sur l'embase 108 et un deuxième épaulement 116 coplanaire de la paroi 102. Le maintien de l'écran 114 contre l'embase 108 s'effectue au moyen d'une bague d'arrêt 118 montée coaxialement autour de la douille 106. La face inférieure de l'écran thermique 114 communique avec le volume interne de l'enveloppe 12 à travers des orifices 120 augulairement répartis autour de la douille 106.A heat shield 114 formed by a polytetrafluoroethylene plate, surrounds the guide sleeve 106 and is placed on the base 108 and a second shoulder 116 coplanar with the wall 102. Maintaining the screen 114 against the base 108 s' performed by means of a stop ring 118 mounted coaxially around the socket 106. The underside of the heat shield 114 communicates with the internal volume of the casing 12 through orifices 120 augularly distributed around the socket 106 .

A l'opposé de la douille 106, se trouve l'ensemble contact d'arc fixe 36 et bobine 122 électromagnétique pour la mise en rotation de l'arc.Opposite the socket 106, there is the fixed arcing contact 36 and electromagnetic coil 122 assembly for rotating the arc.

La présence de l'écran thermique 114 à l'intérieur de la chambre de coupure 34 limite l'échauffement de la matière plastique de l'embase 108 du bras de support 62 suite à l'action thermique de l'arc résultant de la coupure d'un fort courant entre les contacts d'arc 36, 38. L'écran 114 sert également de pare-flammes empêchant toute propagation de gaz ionisés engendrés dans la chambre de coupure 34 vers l'extérieur de la cartouche 43. Les gaz chauds émis au niveau de l'embase 108 isolante sont chassés dans le sens de la flèche F à travers les orifices d'échappement 120 et ne peuvent pas pénétrer à l'intérieur de la cartouche 43.The presence of the heat shield 114 inside the cutting chamber 34 limits the heating of the plastic material of the base 108 of the support arm 62 following the thermal action of the arc resulting from the cutting. a strong current between the arcing contacts 36, 38. The screen 114 also serves as a flame arrester preventing any propagation of ionized gases generated in the breaking chamber 34 towards the outside of the cartridge 43. The hot gases emitted at the level of the insulating base 108 are driven in the direction of the arrow F through the exhaust ports 120 and cannot penetrate inside the cartridge 43.

En référence à la figure 3, le contact d'arc fixe 36 est agencé à l'intérieur de la bobine 122 annulaire et est conformé selon une pince ayant une pluralité de doigts de contact 124 montés dans une gorge 125 d'un organe de support 126 fixé au couvercle 100 par une vis de fixation 128.Referring to Figure 3, the fixed arcing contact 36 is arranged inside the annular coil 122 and is shaped according to a clamp having a plurality of contact fingers 124 mounted in a groove 125 of a support member 126 fixed to the cover 100 by a fixing screw 128.

L'organe de support 126 est en matériau métallique conducteur, notamment en cuivre matricé et est doté d'une rondelle 130 à crans pour l'ajustage du jeu axial entre l'extrémité du contact d'arc fixe 36 et l'électrode 132 de captation de l'arc.The support member 126 is made of conductive metallic material, in particular of stamped copper and is provided with a washer 130 with notches for adjusting the axial clearance between the end of the fixed arcing contact 36 and the electrode 132 of arc capture.

L'électrode 132 est coplanaire avec la piste de contact 134 accolée à la face frontale de la bobine 122, et sert à l'excitation de la bobine 122 au début de la course d'ouverture du contact d'arc mobile 38. La bobine 122 comprend un empilage de spires 136 conductrices connectées électriquement en série, ladite bobine étant raccordée du côté opposé de la piste 134 à un circuit magnétique 138.The electrode 132 is coplanar with the contact track 134 attached to the front face of the coil 122, and is used to excite the coil 122 at the start of the opening stroke of the movable arcing contact 38. The coil 122 comprises a stack of conductive turns 136 electrically connected in series, said coil being connected on the opposite side of track 134 to a magnetic circuit 138.

Le circuit magnétique 138 comporte une plaque 140 en matériau ferromagnétique, par exemple en acier, insérée entre la paroi latérale 102 de la cartouche 43 et le couvercle 100, et une douille 142 cylindrique agencée coaxialement entre le contact d'arc fixe 36 et la bobine 122. Des vis d'assemblage, dont une 144 est représentée sur la figure 3, traversent les spires 136 de la bobine 122 et la piste de contact 134 pour solidariser la bobine 122 à la plaque 140 du circuit magnétique 138. Un manchon 145 isolant est interposé entre la bobine 122, et l'ensemble contact d'arc fixe 36 et douille 142.The magnetic circuit 138 comprises a plate 140 made of ferromagnetic material, for example steel, inserted between the side wall 102 of the cartridge 43 and the cover 100, and a cylindrical socket 142 arranged coaxially between the fixed arcing contact 36 and the coil 122. Assembly screws, one of which 144 is shown in FIG. 3, pass through the turns 136 of the coil 122 and the contact track 134 to secure the coil 122 to the plate 140 of the magnetic circuit 138. An insulating sleeve 145 is interposed between the coil 122, and the fixed arcing contact 36 and socket 142 assembly.

Des lames de ressorts 146 prennent appui sur les doigts de contact 124 et la douille 142 pour assurer la pression de contact lorsque le contact d'arc mobile 38 est en prise avec le contact d'arc fixe 36 dans la position de fermeture A.Spring blades 146 bear on the contact fingers 124 and the socket 142 to ensure contact pressure when the movable arcing contact 38 is engaged with the fixed arcing contact 36 in the closed position A.

Lors de l'apparition d'un courant de court-circuit, la circulation du courant dans la cartouche 43 après ouverture du circuit principal 19 s'effectue de la manière suivante, en référence à la figure 3 :When a short-circuit current appears, the flow of current in the cartridge 43 after opening of the main circuit 19 takes place as follows, with reference to FIG. 3:

Dans la position de fermeture A, le courant entre par le plot de fixation 66, et circule dans les doigts de contacts 124 après avoir traversé le conducteur de liaison 40 et le couvercle 100. Après le passage dans les contacts d'arc fixe 36 et mobile 38, le courant va vers la traversée 16 par l'intermédiaire de la tresse 42 (voir figure 1).In the closed position A, the current enters through the fixing stud 66, and flows in the contact fingers 124 after having passed through the connecting conductor 40 and the cover 100. After passing through the fixed arcing contacts 36 and mobile 38, the current goes to the crossing 16 via the braid 42 (see Figure 1).

Au début de la course d'ouverture (position B), se produit la commutation de l'arc sur l'électrode 132 autorisant l'excitation de la bobine 122.At the start of the opening stroke (position B), the arc is switched over to the electrode 132 allowing the coil 122 to be excited.

Dans la position C, le contact d'arc fixe 36 n'est plus traversé par le courant, ce dernier circulant en totalité dans la bobine 122 qui engendre un champ magnétique dans l'intervalle de coupure pour la mise en rotation de l'arc sur la piste de contact 134. Le courant est amené vers la bobine 122 à travers le couvercle 100 conducteur et la plaque 140 du circuit magnétique 138. Il en résulte un accroissement du champ magnétique dans l'intervalle de coupure, et une extinction rapide de l'arc.In position C, the fixed arcing contact 36 is no longer traversed by the current, the latter circulating entirely in the coil 122 which generates a magnetic field in the cut-off interval for the rotation of the arc on the contact track 134. The current is brought to the coil 122 through the cover 100 conductor and the plate 140 of the magnetic circuit 138. This results in an increase in the magnetic field in the cut-off interval, and a rapid extinction of the arc.

Dans la position D, le contact d'arc mobile 38 se trouve dans la position d'ouverture après extinction de l'arc.In position D, the movable arcing contact 38 is in the open position after the arc is extinguished.

En référence à la figure 4, les spires 136 terminales de la bobine 122 sont fixées individuellement par des vis auxiliaires 150, 152, respectivement à la plaque 140 et à la piste de contact 134. La connexion des vis 150, 152 additionnelles garantit une bonne tenue mécanique de la bobine 122 électromagnétique malgré la présence des forces électrodynamiques de répulsion engendrées au niveau des spires extrêmes.With reference to FIG. 4, the terminal coils 136 of the coil 122 are individually fixed by auxiliary screws 150, 152, respectively to the plate 140 and to the contact track 134. The connection of the additional screws 150, 152 guarantees good mechanical resistance of the electromagnetic coil 122 despite the presence of the electrodynamic forces of repulsion generated at the extreme turns.

Claims (10)

Disjoncteur électrique à moyenne tension logé dans une enveloppe (12) isolante remplie d'un gaz à rigidité diélectrique élevée, et renfermant une cartouche (43) conformée en une chambre de coupure (34) à autoexpansion comportant : - un contact d'arc fixe (36) coopérant avec un contact d'arc mobile (38), - une bobine (122) électromagnétique agencée autour du contact d'arc fixe (36) pour engendrer un champ magnétique dans l'intervalle de coupure après commutation de l'arc sur une électrode (132), - et un bras support (62) en matériau isolant fixé à une extrémité de la cartouche (43) et équipé d'une douille (106) de traversée pour le guidage du contact d'arc mobile (38), caractérisé en ce que - le bras support (62) comporte une embase (108) fixée sur un premier épaulement (110) interne de la cartouche (43) par des moyens de fixation (111), - et un écran thermique (114) entoure la douille (106) de guidage, et prend appui sur l'embase (108) et un deuxième épaulement (116) de la cartouche (43) pour limiter l'échauffement de la matière plastique de l'embase (108) suite à l'action thermique de l'arc, et pour servir de pare-flammes, les gaz chauds étant chassés vers le volume de l'enveloppe (12) à travers des orifices (120) d'échappement ménagés dans l'embase (108). Medium voltage electrical circuit breaker housed in an insulating envelope (12) filled with a gas with high dielectric strength, and containing a cartridge (43) shaped as a self-expanding breaking chamber (34) comprising: a fixed arcing contact (36) cooperating with a movable arcing contact (38), - an electromagnetic coil (122) arranged around the fixed arcing contact (36) to generate a magnetic field in the cut-off interval after switching the arc on an electrode (132), - and a support arm (62) made of insulating material fixed to one end of the cartridge (43) and fitted with a bushing (106) for passing through for guiding the movable arcing contact (38), characterized in that the support arm (62) comprises a base (108) fixed to a first internal shoulder (110) of the cartridge (43) by fixing means (111), - And a heat shield (114) surrounds the guide sleeve (106), and is supported on the base (108) and a second shoulder (116) of the cartridge (43) to limit the heating of the plastic material. the base (108) following the thermal action of the arc, and to serve as a flame arrester, the hot gases being expelled towards the volume of the envelope (12) through exhaust orifices (120) formed in the base (108). Disjoncteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'écran thermique (114) est formé par une plaque de polytétrafluoréthylène, maintenue en place contre l'embase (108) au moyen d'une bague d'arrêt (118) montée coaxialement autour de la douille de guidage 106.Circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat shield (114) is formed by a polytetrafluoroethylene plate, held in place against the base (108) by means of a stop ring (118) mounted coaxially around of the guide sleeve 106. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode 132 de captation de l'arc est coplanaire avec une piste de contact 134 annulaire de mise en rotation de l'arc, ladite piste étant connectée à la face frontale de la bobine (122) et que l'extrémité opposée de la bobine (122) est raccordée à un plot (66) d'amenée de courant par l'intermédiaire d'un circuit magnétique (138).Circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the arc sensing electrode 132 is coplanar with an annular contact track 134 for rotating the arc, said track being connected to the front face of the coil ( 122) and that the opposite end of the coil (122) is connected to a current supply stud (66) by means of a magnetic circuit (138). Disjoncteur selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le circuit magnétique (138) comporte une plaque 140 en matériau ferromagnétique en liaison avec la cartouche 43 en matériau conducteur.Circuit breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that the magnetic circuit (138) comprises a plate 140 made of ferromagnetic material in connection with the cartridge 43 made of conductive material. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la plaque 140 du circuit magnétique est interposée entre la paroi latérale (102) de la cartouche (43) et un couvercle 100 servant de support à l'ensemble contact d'arc fixe (36) et bobine (122).Circuit breaker according to claim 4, characterized in that the plate 140 of the magnetic circuit is interposed between the side wall (102) of the cartridge (43) and a cover 100 serving to support the fixed arcing contact assembly (36) and coil (122). Disjoncteur selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que la bobine (122) est constituée par un empilage de spires 136 conductrices, solidarisé au circuit magnétique (138) par des vis d'assemblage (144), les spires terminales de la bobine (122) étant fixées individuellement par des vis auxiliaires (150, 152) respectivement au circuit magnétique (138) et à la piste de contact (134).Circuit breaker according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the coil (122) consists of a stack of conductive turns 136, secured to the magnetic circuit (138) by assembly screws (144), the end turns of the coil (122) being individually fixed by auxiliary screws (150, 152) respectively to the magnetic circuit (138) and to the contact track (134). Disjoncteur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le circuit magnétique (138) comporte de plus une douille (142) cylindrique agencée coaxialement entre le contact d'arc fixe (36) et la bobine (122).Circuit breaker according to claim 4, characterized in that the magnetic circuit (138) further comprises a cylindrical socket (142) arranged coaxially between the fixed arcing contact (36) and the coil (122). Disjoncteur selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'un manchon (145) en matériau isolant sépare radialement la bobine (122) de l'ensemble contact d'arc fixe (36) et douille (142).Circuit breaker according to claim 7, characterized in that a sleeve (145) made of insulating material radially separates the coil (122) from the fixed arcing contact (36) and socket (142) assembly. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que des lames de ressort (146) prennent appui sur les doigts de contact (124) associés au contact d'arc fixe (36) et la douille (142), pour assurer la pression de contact lorsque le contact d'arc mobile (38) est engagé à l'intérieur du contact d'arc fixe (36) en position de fermeture.Circuit breaker according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that spring blades (146) bear on the contact fingers (124) associated with the fixed arcing contact (36) and the socket (142), to ensure the pressure contact when the movable arcing contact (38) is engaged inside the fixed arcing contact (36) in the closed position. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le contact d'arc fixe (36) est raccordé par les doigts de contact (124) à un organe de support 126 orientable, comprenant une rondelle (130) métallique à crans pour l'ajustage du jeu axial entre l'extrémité du contact d'arc fixe (36) et l'électrode 132.Circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the fixed arcing contact (36) is connected by the contact fingers (124) to a support member 126 which can be orientated, comprising a metal washer (130) with notches for adjusting the axial play between the end of the fixed arcing contact (36) and the electrode 132.
EP19960410100 1995-10-16 1996-09-25 Autoexpansion circuit breaker with insulating gas Expired - Lifetime EP0768692B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9512308 1995-10-16
FR9512308A FR2739972B1 (en) 1995-10-16 1995-10-16 ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH INSULATING GAS AND SELF-EXPANSION

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0768692A1 true EP0768692A1 (en) 1997-04-16
EP0768692B1 EP0768692B1 (en) 2002-03-20

Family

ID=9483709

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19960410100 Expired - Lifetime EP0768692B1 (en) 1995-10-16 1996-09-25 Autoexpansion circuit breaker with insulating gas

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0768692B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1074577C (en)
DE (1) DE69619925D1 (en)
EA (1) EA000021B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2173263T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2739972B1 (en)
NO (1) NO314237B1 (en)
TR (1) TR199600815A3 (en)
TW (1) TW382719B (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0932176A1 (en) * 1998-01-27 1999-07-28 Schneider Electric Sa Arc chamber for self-blast circuit breaker with a rotating arc
EP0932177A1 (en) * 1998-01-27 1999-07-28 Schneider Electric Sa Arc chamber for an autoexpansion circuit breaker, and internal casing of thermoplastic resin
EP0932173A1 (en) * 1998-01-27 1999-07-28 Schneider Electric Sa Mobile contact element for a HT circuit breaker, and expandable
EP1411535A1 (en) * 2002-09-20 2004-04-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Power switch with arc cooling means
FR2847069A1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2004-05-14 Alstom Current circuit breaker having central electrode connected cylindrical electrode/fixed contact with gas reservoir above electrode forming space part
EP1398810A3 (en) * 2002-09-16 2005-12-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Circuit breaker with pivoting switch blade
CN119132873A (en) * 2024-11-13 2024-12-13 浙江金莱勒电气股份有限公司 A three-phase load isolating switch and its production process

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2750531B1 (en) * 1996-06-28 1998-08-07 Schneider Electric Sa GAS DEIONIZATION DEVICE IN PARTICULAR CUTTING GASES IN AN ARC EXTINGUISHING CHAMBER OF A LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH MOLDED BOX AND ARC EXTINGUISHING CHAMBER EQUIPPED WITH THIS DEVICE
IT202200006524A1 (en) * 2022-04-01 2023-10-01 Boffetti S P A REDUCED SIZE SWITCH DISCONNECTOR GROUP

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DE2703457A1 (en) * 1977-01-28 1978-08-03 Driescher Spezialfab Fritz Medium voltage power circuit breaker - has plate on movable contact in extinguishing chamber generating intense gas flow when contact is opened
EP0644567A1 (en) * 1993-09-20 1995-03-22 Schneider Electric Sa Gas-insulated high voltage circuit-breaker with rotating arc
FR2718281A1 (en) * 1994-03-30 1995-10-06 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa High or medium voltage circuit breaker with blow out coil

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2703457A1 (en) * 1977-01-28 1978-08-03 Driescher Spezialfab Fritz Medium voltage power circuit breaker - has plate on movable contact in extinguishing chamber generating intense gas flow when contact is opened
EP0644567A1 (en) * 1993-09-20 1995-03-22 Schneider Electric Sa Gas-insulated high voltage circuit-breaker with rotating arc
FR2718281A1 (en) * 1994-03-30 1995-10-06 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa High or medium voltage circuit breaker with blow out coil

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0932176A1 (en) * 1998-01-27 1999-07-28 Schneider Electric Sa Arc chamber for self-blast circuit breaker with a rotating arc
EP0932177A1 (en) * 1998-01-27 1999-07-28 Schneider Electric Sa Arc chamber for an autoexpansion circuit breaker, and internal casing of thermoplastic resin
EP0932173A1 (en) * 1998-01-27 1999-07-28 Schneider Electric Sa Mobile contact element for a HT circuit breaker, and expandable
FR2774212A1 (en) * 1998-01-27 1999-07-30 Schneider Electric Ind Sa CUT-OFF CHAMBER FOR A SELF-EXPANDING AND ROTATING ARC CIRCUIT BREAKER
FR2774213A1 (en) * 1998-01-27 1999-07-30 Schneider Electric Ind Sa CUTTING CHAMBER OF A SELF-EXPANDING CIRCUIT BREAKER AND A THERMOPLASTIC RESIN ENCLOSURE
FR2774210A1 (en) * 1998-01-27 1999-07-30 Schneider Electric Ind Sa MOBILE CONTACT PART FOR A HIGH VOLTAGE, SELF-EXPANDING CIRCUIT BREAKER
AU735933B2 (en) * 1998-01-27 2001-07-19 Schneider Electric Sa An extinguishing chamber for a circuit breaker with self-extinguishing expansion and rotating arc
AU738593B2 (en) * 1998-01-27 2001-09-20 Schneider Electric Sa An extinguishing chamber of a circuit breaker with self-extinguishing expansion, and a thermoplastic resin enclosure
EP1398810A3 (en) * 2002-09-16 2005-12-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Circuit breaker with pivoting switch blade
EP1411535A1 (en) * 2002-09-20 2004-04-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Power switch with arc cooling means
FR2847069A1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2004-05-14 Alstom Current circuit breaker having central electrode connected cylindrical electrode/fixed contact with gas reservoir above electrode forming space part
CN119132873A (en) * 2024-11-13 2024-12-13 浙江金莱勒电气股份有限公司 A three-phase load isolating switch and its production process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TR199600815A2 (en) 1998-07-21
EA000021B1 (en) 1997-12-30
ES2173263T3 (en) 2002-10-16
FR2739972B1 (en) 1997-12-05
TR199600815A3 (en) 1998-07-21
FR2739972A1 (en) 1997-04-18
NO964389D0 (en) 1996-10-15
NO314237B1 (en) 2003-02-17
NO964389L (en) 1997-04-17
EP0768692B1 (en) 2002-03-20
CN1074577C (en) 2001-11-07
DE69619925D1 (en) 2002-04-25
TW382719B (en) 2000-02-21
EA199600084A1 (en) 1997-06-30
CN1151605A (en) 1997-06-11

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