EP0767356B1 - Perfectionnement apporté à un système de freinage aérodynamique d'une sous-munition éjectée d'un obus cargo en étant animée d'un mouvement de rotation - Google Patents
Perfectionnement apporté à un système de freinage aérodynamique d'une sous-munition éjectée d'un obus cargo en étant animée d'un mouvement de rotation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0767356B1 EP0767356B1 EP19960401987 EP96401987A EP0767356B1 EP 0767356 B1 EP0767356 B1 EP 0767356B1 EP 19960401987 EP19960401987 EP 19960401987 EP 96401987 A EP96401987 A EP 96401987A EP 0767356 B1 EP0767356 B1 EP 0767356B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shell
- munition
- base
- sub
- braking system
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims 5
- 241000497429 Obus Species 0.000 description 7
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 208000031968 Cadaver Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037237 body shape Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
- F42B10/60—Steering arrangements
- F42B10/62—Steering by movement of flight surfaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
- F42B10/32—Range-reducing or range-increasing arrangements; Fall-retarding means
- F42B10/48—Range-reducing, destabilising or braking arrangements, e.g. impact-braking arrangements; Fall-retarding means, e.g. balloons, rockets for braking or fall-retarding
- F42B10/54—Spin braking means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a improvement to a braking system aerodynamics of a submunition ejected from a cargo shell by being rotated, the system of braking comprising several articulated airbrakes which are reported around the body of the submunition and intended for deploy after ejecting the submunition.
- a cargo munition which is fired by the cannon of a field artillery is consisting of a large caliber shell containing a charge useful which is released at a point in the trajectory of the shell.
- the payload can be an illuminating load or be made up of one or more submunitions.
- a cargo ammunition of this type is in particular described in document FR-A-2 363 077, this ammunition comprising a shell formed of an envelope closed at its front end with a warhead and at its rear end by a base, this base being connected to the envelope by means a mechanical connection intended to break at the time of shell removal.
- the cargo shell is usually fired from a barrel with a striped tube to give the shell a movement very fast rotation intended to stabilize it on its path. Under these conditions, at the time of the unloading of the shell, the payload is ejected while also animated by a rapid rotation movement.
- the submunitions of the new generation take away target detectors and / or navigation systems, the operation of which is based on a low rotational speed of the submunitions after their ejection.
- a braking system consisting of airbrakes articulated which are reported around the body of the submunition and intended to deploy after the ejection of the submunition to slow down its rotational movement.
- these submunitions are increasingly more cumbersome due to the large number of components that they contain, which requires a reduction of the thickness of the shell of the shell thus causing a decrease in its resistance.
- the stripping used is necessarily at low pressure for do not damage the shell and the systems embedded in submunitions.
- the submunition (s) which are placed inside the shell are especially subjected to centrifugal forces which tend to spread the airbrakes by pressing them against the wall of envelope or pellet.
- the result is a force adhesion or friction which will then oppose the ejection force produced by the stripping system for eject the pellet and the submunitions. It may result malfunctions, especially when the unloading is at low pressure.
- the object of the invention is to overcome these disadvantages in improving a system aerodynamic braking systems of the aforementioned type, improvement which is characterized in that the braking system also includes a device for holding the airbrakes in their folded position inside the shell, a holding device which is released following ejecting the submunition to allow opening air brakes outside the shell of the shell, the holding device consisting of bars or legs interposed between the airbrakes and the envelope or the shell base, these legs being integral with a support attached against an end face of the submunition.
- the support of the support is constituted by a cup, and the legs are connected at one end to the periphery of the cup extending on the same side thereof following a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the cup.
- the legs are for example angularly regularly spaced around the cup, and their number is such that at least one leg is associated with a airbrake.
- the legs came in the same piece as the cup or are attached to it by a welding or gluing operation.
- the legs can advantageously be cylindrical pins.
- the effects of the centrifugal force are significantly reduced as a result of significant reduction in the contact surface between the braking system and shell of this shell, this surface of contact being limited to the legs of the device hold, and once the submunition is ejected out of the shell of the shell, the centrifugal force can then exercise on the legs of the holding device for move away from the submunition and allow the opening of airbrakes.
- the base and submunition assembly is ejected from shell of the shell as a result of actuation of the stripping system, known per se.
- a connecting element is fixed to the device for maintaining the airbrakes of the submunition on the one hand and on the shell of the shell on the other hand, this device of connection being constituted by a drop-down means, such as a cable or chain for example, to release the legs notches or holes in the submunition, once the pellet itself cleared from the submunition, and allow the opening of the airbrakes by force centrifugal.
- a drop-down means such as a cable or chain for example
- the holding device holds the airbrakes a submunition in their folded position during interior and exterior ballistics phases of the shell and this, as long as the submunition is not ejected out of the shell of the shell.
- the friction forces between the braking system and the shell or the shell of the shell, which result from the centrifugal force, are considerably reduced as a result a significant reduction in contact surfaces.
- a device for holding the airbrakes of a submunition can be considered regardless of the number of submunitions boarded the cargo shell.
- the holding device is simple and easy in structure to be implemented for a reduced manufacturing cost.
- Cargo shell 1 illustrated in Figure 1 includes an envelope 2, the front part of which is closed by a warhead 4 and the rear part of which is closed by a base 5.
- Base 5 is connected to the casing 2 by means a mechanical connection (not shown) intended to be break when the shell 1 is unloaded.
- connection is for example obtained in freely engaging the base 5 in the casing 2 and by axially retaining by fixing means having a fracture leader such as screws or pins.
- Shell 2 of shell 1 contains one or more several submunitions 7 which are ejected at the time of shell 1 unloading, i.e. after separation between the casing 2 and the base 5 which is caused by a stripping system known per se.
- a belt 9 fixed around the envelope 2 is intended to take the scratches from the launch tube of the cannon firing shell 1 to print the latter a rapid rotation movement intended to stabilize it on its path.
- Submunitions 7 which are also rotated by the casing or the base of the shell thanks for example to keys, are by consequently ejected by being animated by a movement of rapid rotation and, for the reasons explained in preamble, this rotation speed is reduced by means a braking system consisting of airbrakes 10 which deploy automatically after the ejection of the submunitions.
- an air brake 10 is for example constituted by a blade 12 articulated climb on the body of the submunition 7.
- the blade 12 is shaped with a radius of curvature such that can come and fit the body shape of the submunition 7.
- Several airbrakes 10, four in number per example, are thus distributed around the body of the submunition 7.
- the blades 12 conform to the shape of the body of the submunition 7 and the airbrakes 10 are found in a folded position between the body of the submunition 7 and either the inner wall of the envelope 2, or the wall internal of the base 5, as will be explained below.
- a holding device 15 is used to retain the airbrakes 10 in their folded position at inside shell 1 to avoid the effects of force centrifugal resulting from the rotational movement printed at shell 1 from the cannon shot. Indeed, the force centrifugal tends to spread the airbrakes 10 to come press against the casing 2 or the base 5 until shell removal 1.
- the support system 15 is constituted by a set of lugs or bars 20 which are interposed between the airbrakes 10 and the wall internal of the casing 2 or of the base 5.
- the tabs 20 are integral with a support 22 which is simply attached against an end face or rear end face of submunition 7.
- the support 22 consists of a cup 23.
- the legs 20 are connected at one end to the periphery of the cup 23, so as to extend substantially perpendicularly to the cup 23 and on the same side thereof. Other said, the legs 20 delimit between them a cylinder and extend along the generatrices of this cylinder.
- the legs 20 may have come from the same part with the cup 23 or be fixed to it by a bonding or welding operation.
- a cargo shell with a payload consisting of a single submunition 7, of which the airbrakes 10 are located which is often the case, towards a rear end or rear end of the submunition submunition considering the direction of introduction of the in shell 1.
- shell 5 of shell 1 can be arranged, in particular with regard to the length axial of its cylindrical side wall 5a, to receive the rear part of the submunition. In these conditions, once the submunition is placed in shell 1 the airbrakes 10 will be located opposite the side wall 5a from pellet 5.
- a connecting means 25 is provided between the holding device 15 and the base 5.
- this means is unrollable and consists of a cable or a chain 27, the two free ends of which are respectively connected to the cup 23 and to the bottom of the base 5.
- the cup 23 advantageously has a convex shape to delimit a space intended to receive the cable 27.
- an elastic element such as a Belleville washer 29, is interposed between the bottom of the base 5 and the cup 23 of the holding device 15, this washer 29 being compressed once the base 5 fixed to the casing 2.
- Shell 1 is fired while being rotated at high speed.
- the submunition 7 which is rotated by the shell 1 is therefore subjected to the action of centrifugal force which should have the effect of pressing the legs 20 against the side wall 5a of the base 5 while eliminating the initial play e .
- the centrifugal force can at most only cause bending of the legs 20, so that only the central part of the lugs 20 is capable of coming into contact with the side wall 5a of the base 5.
- This contact surface can moreover be limited to the minimum with cylindrical lugs 20. The frictional forces which result from this contact are therefore considerably reduced because, without the presence of these lugs 20, the blades 12 of the airbrakes 10 would come directly into contact with the side wall 5a of the base 5 on a significantly larger surface.
- the shelling of shell 1 will then take place at a point in its trajectory following the actuation of a stripping system known per se.
- This system is by example consisting of a pyrotechnic composition gas generator which is mounted in the warhead 4 and by a initiation chronometric rocket. After initiation of the pyrotechnic composition, the gas pressure resulting from combustion is applied to the front end face of submunition 7 via a piston until breaking the mechanical link between the casing 2 and the base 5.
- the assembly consisting of the base 5 and the submunition 7 ejects out of envelope 2 while also being animated of a rapid rotational movement.
- Forces aerodynamics which are then applied to the base 5, in particular on the free end face of its wall lateral 5a which is no longer in abutment against a shoulder associated with submunition 7, and the trigger on the washer Belleville 29 lead to the separation of base 5 from submunition 7. This separation takes place all the more easily as the frictional forces of the legs 20 on the side wall 5a of the base 5 are reduced.
- the airbrakes although released from envelope 2 are still retained in their folded position by the maintenance 15.
- the cable 27 is stretched and therefore pulls on the holding device 15, which has the effect of releasing the tabs 20 outside the notches 24 of the submunition 7.
- the holding device 15 thus frees itself from the submunition 7 with the legs 20 which, under the action of the centrifugal force, move apart to allow opening or the deployment of airbrakes 10 in order to slow down the rotational movement of the submunition.
- the airbrakes 10 of a submunition 7 may also be retained in their folded position until the ejection of the submunition 7 by means of a holding device 15 similar to that previously described.
- the free ends lugs 20 do not come to be housed in notches of submunition 7. Indeed, such a provision does not is no longer necessary as the ejection of the submunition 7 does not interfere with the separation of base 5 from the shell 1.
- the cable 27 which previously connected the holding device 15 and the base 5 can be omitted.
- the centrifugal force resulting from the rotation of the shell and submunitions from the cannon will also have for effect of pressing the legs 20 against the envelope 2 but on a limited contact surface, which reduces all the more the friction forces which will then oppose the action of the stripping system.
- the increase in pressure of the gases generated by combustion of the pyrotechnic composition causes the rupture of the mechanical connection between the casing 2 and the base 5.
- the pellet 5 emerges from the envelope 2 then is ejected, and the submunition 7 in turn comes out of envelope 2 under the thrust of gas.
- the centrifugal force acts first on the legs 20 by moving them away from the body of submunition 7 to release them from the airbrakes 10, and then on the airbrakes 10 themselves which go then open or deploy to slow the movement of submunition rotation 7.
- the cup 23 of the holding device 15 is pierced with a central opening 30.
- Figures 8 and 9 show a device holding according to another embodiment of the invention.
- the legs of holding 20 are constituted by pins cylindrical, regularly distributed angularly and fixed by welding to the cup 23.
- Each pin enters a hole 24 arranged on the body of the submunition 7.
- This embodiment has the advantage to be simple to manufacture.
- assured maintenance by pins is more rigid than that allowed by thin legs and it also further reduces friction.
- the contact between the pins and, on the one hand the airbrakes 10, and on the other hand the wall internal of the envelope or the base is carried out according to a reduced surface which is that of the generators of pins.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Valves And Accessory Devices For Braking Systems (AREA)
Description
- les extrémités libres des pattes du dispositif de maintien sont initialement reçues dans des encoches ou des trous ménagés dans le corps de la sous-munition, et
- un moyen élastique est monté à l'état comprimé entre le culot de l'obus et le corps de la sous-munition, la détente de ce moyen élastique, une fois l'ensemble culot et sous-munition éjecté hors de l'enveloppe de l'obus, permettant de séparer le culot de la sous-munition alors que les pattes du dispositif de maintien des aérofreins restent maintenues en place au moyen des encoches ou des trous de la sous-munition pour faciliter la séparation du culot d'une part et retenir en place le dispositif de maintien et empêcher l'ouverture des aérofreins d'autre part.
- la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un obus cargo équipé d'un système de freinage perfectionné selon l'invention,
- la figure 2 est une demi-vue en coupe partielle de la partie arrière de l'obus pour illustrer les différents éléments constitutifs du système de freinage selon l'invention, en particulier un dispositif de maintien des aérofreins constituant le système de freinage d'une sous-munition lorsque les aérofreins viennent se loger dans le culot après montage de la sous-munition dans l'obus,
- la figure 3 est une vue en perspective éclatée du dispositif de maintien des aérofreins selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention,
- les figures 4 et 5 sont des vues en perspective partielle illustrant les deux étapes successives de fonctionnement du système de freinage perfectionné selon l'invention,
- la figure 6 est une demi-vue en coupe semblable à celle de la figure 2 lorsque les aérofreins d'une sous-munition ne viennent pas se loger dans le culot après montage de la sous-munition dans l'obus, et
- la figure 7 est une vue en perspective d'une variante de réalisation du système de maintien illustré à la figure 3.
- la figure 8 est une demi vue en coupe partielle de la partie arrière d'un obus montrant un dispositif de maintien selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention,
- la figure 9 est une vue en perspective du dispositif de maintien illustré à la figure 8.
- la coupelle 23 est coincée entre le fond du culot 5 et une face d'extrémité arrière de la sous-munition 7, et
- les pattes 20 sont positionnées entre le corps de la sous-munition 7 et la paroi latérale 5a du culot 5 et les extrémités libres de ces pattes 20 viennent s'engager dans des encoches 24 ménagées dans la sous-munition 7, un léger jeu ou espace e séparant les pattes 20 et la paroi latérale 5a du culot 5.
- la coupelle 23 est globalement coincée entre les deux faces d'extrémités adjacentes des corps des deux sous-munitions 7 et 7', et
- les pattes 20 sont positionnées entre les aérofreins 10 et la paroi de l'enveloppe 2.
Claims (12)
- Système de freinage aérodynamique d'une sous-munition (7) éjectée d'un obus cargo (1), comprenant une enveloppe (2) fermée par un culot (5), en étant animée d'un mouvement de rotation, ce système comprenant plusieurs aérofreins (10) articulés qui sont repliés autour du corps de la sous-munition (7) et destinés à se déployer ou s'ouvrir après l'éjection de la sous-munition (7), caractérisé en ce qu' il comprend également un dispositif de maintien (15) des aérofreins (10) dans leur position repliée à l'intérieur de l'obus (1), dispositif de maintien (15) qui est libéré suite à l'éjection de la sous-munition (7) pour permettre l'ouverture des aéro-freins (10) hors de l'enveloppe (2) de l'obus (1), le dispositif de maintien (15) étant constitué par des barrettes ou pattes (20) interposées entre les aérofreins (10) et l'enveloppe (2) ou le culot (5) de l'obus, ces pattes (20) étant solidaires d'un support (22) rapporté contre une face d'extrémité de la sous-munition (7).
- Système de freinage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le support (22) est constitué d'une coupelle (23), les pattes (20) étant raccordées par une extrémité à la périphérie de la coupelle (23) en s'étendant d'un même côté de celle-ci suivant une direction sensiblement perpendiculaire au plan de la coupelle (23).
- Système de freinage selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les pattes (20) sont régulièrement espacées angulairement autour de la coupelle (23).
- Système de freinage selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que les pattes (20) sont fixées à la coupelle (23) par une opération de soudage ou collage.
- Système de freinage selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que les pattes (20) et la coupelle (23) sont venues d'une même pièce.
- Système de freinage selon une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les pattes (20) sont des goupilles cylindriques.
- Système de freinage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lorsque les aérofreins (10) sont positionnés en regard de la paroi latérale (5a) du culot (5) de l'obus (1) pour une sous-munition (7) qui est en partie logée dans le culot (5), les extrémités libres des pattes (20) viennent s'engager dans des trous ou encoches (24) aménagés dans le corps de la sous-munition (7).
- Système de freinage selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un moyen élastique (29) monté entre le culot (5) et la sous-munition (7) pour séparer le culot (5) de la sous-munition (7), lorsque l'ensemble culot-sous-munition est éjecté hors de l'enveloppe (2).
- Système de freinage selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le moyen élastique (29) est constitué par une rondelle Belleville mise en compression une fois le culot (5) fixé à l'enveloppe (2) de l'obus.
- Système de freinage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend également un élément de liaison (25) fixé au dispositif de maintien (15) d'une part et au culot (5) d'autre part, pour dégager les pattes (20) des trous ou encoches (24) de la sous-munition (7) et libérer le dispositif de maintien (15) lorsque le culot (5) est séparé de la sous-munition (7).
- Système de freinage selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de liaison (25) est déroulable et constitué par un câble ou une chaínette (27).
- Système de freinage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que, lorsque les aérofreins (10) sont positionnés en regard de l'enveloppe (2) de l'obus (1), le dispositif de maintien (15) des aérofreins (10) est libéré de la sous-munition (7) par l'action de la force centrifuge exercée sur les pattes (20).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9511773A FR2739682B1 (fr) | 1995-10-06 | 1995-10-06 | Perfectionnement apporte a un systeme de freinage aerodynamique d'une sous-munition ejectee d'un obus cargo en etant animee d'un mouvement de rotation |
FR9511773 | 1995-10-06 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0767356A1 EP0767356A1 (fr) | 1997-04-09 |
EP0767356B1 true EP0767356B1 (fr) | 2000-01-19 |
Family
ID=9483317
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19960401987 Expired - Lifetime EP0767356B1 (fr) | 1995-10-06 | 1996-09-19 | Perfectionnement apporté à un système de freinage aérodynamique d'une sous-munition éjectée d'un obus cargo en étant animée d'un mouvement de rotation |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0767356B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69606254T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2739682B1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3643294A1 (de) * | 1986-12-18 | 1988-06-23 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | Geschoss |
US5060574A (en) * | 1990-07-02 | 1991-10-29 | Honeywell Inc. | Projectile base plug with enhanced drag-producing separation capability |
GB2248804A (en) * | 1990-10-19 | 1992-04-22 | Marconi Gec Ltd | Air-launched buoys |
DE4124658C2 (de) * | 1991-07-25 | 1996-08-14 | Rheinmetall Ind Gmbh | Einrichtung zum Abbau der Drehzahl von Submunition |
-
1995
- 1995-10-06 FR FR9511773A patent/FR2739682B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-09-19 EP EP19960401987 patent/EP0767356B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-19 DE DE1996606254 patent/DE69606254T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69606254T2 (de) | 2000-05-18 |
EP0767356A1 (fr) | 1997-04-09 |
FR2739682A1 (fr) | 1997-04-11 |
FR2739682B1 (fr) | 1997-12-05 |
DE69606254D1 (de) | 2000-02-24 |
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