EP0752505B1

EP0752505B1 - New fire-proof housing which is fire resistant during a predetermined time

Info

Publication number: EP0752505B1
Application number: EP96900611A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Maria Desamparados Mateu Gil; Lorena Mateu Gil; Beatriz Mateu Gil
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1995-01-24
Filing date: 1996-01-24
Publication date: 2001-08-01
Anticipated expiration: 2016-01-24
Also published as: EP0752505A1; WO1996023112A1

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention refers to a new enclosure fire-resistive for a predetermined time, the obvious purpose of which is to resist the fire for a predetermined period of time, keeping in adequate conditions till the arrival of the fire service, the people and materials staying within the enclosure, retaining its shape and resistance during the fire, and relying on a markedly low thermal conductibility, the enclosure being capable of being installed inside a building, or on a mobile structure, such as a ship, the enclosure having doors which, according to their characteristics, allow the inner area to maintain adequate conditions for a predetermined period of time.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention finds its application in the field of the industry devoted to the manufacture of fire resistant structures.

RELATED ART

In principle, all the materials used in the manufacture of enclosures or dwellings being qualified to resist the fire action during a predetermined period of time must previously meet a series of particular requirements, among which it is to be pointed up stability, resistance, insulating and lack of toxicity.

With regard to stability, all the materials should behave in a stable way in the presence of a fire, that is to say, they should not lose their mechanical features before the existence of a fire.

In relation to resistance, the materials should have a high flame and high fire resistant degree, while with regard to insulation, the materials used must be very much heat insulating.

Lastly, as for toxicity, these materials should not give off, at any moment, toxic or inflammable gases, even during the combustion.

Up till now, it has been thougth that those materials presenting the above mentioned conditions are configured as conventional incombustible materials, assuring that their incombustibleness can eliminate any danger in case of a fire.

Nevertheless, it has been proved that the characteristics of the above mentioned chosen and pointed out materials are not accurate, since for a building material to provide safety in the presence of a fire, it is very important that it retains, in an essential way, its shape and resistance in the fire, relying on a thermal conductivity, which markedly low.

A material gathering these conditions is, undoubtedly, preferred to another material which may not burn, but loses its resistance quickly when submitted to the flame action.

This reasoning is based on the fact that, in a building, the function of the materials is to support it and, consequently, to create a space to be used as a room, warehouse etc, for which reason, if they still maintains this function, even in case of a fire they are valid, even if they can burn.

On the other hand, if they own these properties, they will allow the persons and materials protected by them to be more easily saved, and also they will permit to put into action the fire extinguishing system probably existing in the enclosure.

By way of example, it can be asserted that, at present, firemen do prefer to intervene in a fire with wooden stairs and structures than in a building having metallic stairs and structures, or with masonry works, since in the first case, firemen can take preventive measures, knowing the ground they are acting, while in the other two latter cases, the materials, when heated by the fire action, make the transit difficult, they crack open and collapse without warning.

Consequently, wood is proving to be, at present, one of the most adequate materials to control a fire.

In an objective manner, wood is, one of the materials better combining the above mentioned four qualities namely stability, resistance, insulation and lack of toxicity, although, nevertheless, the downtrend in using wood in the building industry has been due, mostly, to the poor quality of the materials used.

Also, the inadequate application of wood, too much often discredited before many builders, has had an influence on the lack of utilisation of same but, nevertheless, the introduction of new technologies and new materials, allows a harmonic conjunction of same, creating the appearance of a new product, which, used in an adequate way, can act preventing a fire, this being a way at present considered as suitable to control same, so providing a valuable time for saving both persons and materials protected by same, allowing, also, the fire extinguishing systems to be put in action, if provided.

Obviously, the use of wood at present, as a material for building or manufacturing fire-resistive enclosures, must rely on a greater resistance both as regard the flexion and the compression, a greater fully, or practically fully, annulment and reduction of thermal conductivity and expansion and, at the same time, a reduction and annulment of dimensional variations, that is to say, contractions and expansions.

It should be pointed out that in an axial sense the dimensional variations of wood, in parallel to the fibres, and under the effects of the humidity changes are practically null.

Also, the wood used must improve, both inertia and its mechanical characteristics, and its temperature must be constant, so making easy the assembly of different parts both if they are bonded, by gluing or by using nails, screws, pegs, etc.

The applicant is aware of the existence of patent number FR-A- 359371, filed 11.11.1905, relating to a frame house, in which appears a description of and claim on a frame house designed for use as a dwelling, office, military construction, hospital, etc., etc., to be installed preferably by way of the use of metallic reinforcing bars that allow for the assembly of the different parts constituting the house without the use of nails, screws, bolts, etc., etc., although offering considerable durability, practically identical to those manufactured in the conventional manner.

The divisions of the plating, walls, etc, are configured using interchangeable panels.

The materials employed are fireproof.

However, this invention, although constructed from wood and materials treated with fireproofing, offers the sole and exclusive particularity of avoiding the fortuitous ignition of these same, and is not configured as an element under the concept of the general context of preparation for resistance against a direct attack from fire for a predetermined time.

In essence, the invention is designed to allow for the manufacture or construction of a building of variable application which has the particularity of being constructed from materials treated in order to be configured as fireproof materials.

Concerning the Patent number GB-A- 2.110.279, the applicant is aware of the existence of panelling structures, for example panelling doors or panelling partitions, that are configured as objects capable of facilitating a simple and economical construction that, notwithstanding, presents fire-resistant properties which, unlike the structures known up until the date of the application concerning the invention in question, required the manufacturing of a door of complicated construction at a high price in order to resist fire, although the invention is configured as a panelling element which causes a tight closure at the groove of the frame by means of which fire-retardant properties are obtained, including the intumescent material situated at the rear of the groove.

Although the configuration of the invention is based on a structural panel, which comprises a panelling frame that fits into a groove in the frame, and on the intumescent material in the space existing between the rear of the groove and the edge of the panelling, thus offering a tight closure of the groove without adhesives or other means of affixing, at no time does the invention contemplate an enclosure exclusively capacitated and dimensioned for resisting the direct action of fire, for a predetermined time, which would permit those persons who find themselves inside to save their lives and avoid certain death were they not to benefit from such an enclosure which, by virtue of its construction, allows for the exact delimitation of the time period within which it will retard the action of fire on its surface and structure.

The above mentioned method for building fire-resistive enclosures should be also applied to access doors, or to doors installed in dwellings, which must meet the mentioned characteristics.

Nevertheless, until now, nothing is known about the existence of a new enclosure fire resistive for a predetermined period of time, fitted with doors also fire resistive, the material of which, used in a basic manner, is wood.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The new enclosure fire-resistive for a predetermined time, as proposed by the invention, constitutes per se an evident novelty in the field of application to which it is incorporated, since starting from same, and using a wood fitted with the adequate characteristics, it allows the persons and material protected within the enclosure to be saved with the aid of doors, and at the same time, it manages to contain the fire action, so allowing the fire extinguishing services in the enclosure to arrive in due course of time.

In a most denifnite way, the new enclosure fire-resistive for a predetermined time, which is the object of the invention, is constituted starting from the following elements namely:

Pavement

Walls.

Ceiling.

Doors.

Windows.

The pavement will be supported or sustained on a forging, fabric or stuffed used to separate the different floors in a building and it will be composed of a glass wool felt, or similar product, classified as incombustible, relying on all the necessary requirements for an adequate perfomance.

Also, the pavement will have a parquet or platform composed of several planks of wood glued one another by the edges, said edges treated with flame retardant and intumescent products.

The pavement will have appropriate expanding joints and the pertinent wooden skirting boards.

It will be also valid any other type of natural or synthetic pavement, provided that it combines the four conditions of stability, resistance, insulation and lack of toxicity in the presence of a fire.

The vertical walls or ornaments, composed by boards forming a sandwich-panel, will be adorned with decorations on a sole face. Counting on a first board being composed of fibres, agglomerate or plywood, subject to a flame retardant treatment, and decorated on one of its faces, this decorated face fully flat o embossed, treated with plates, sheets or veneers, with natural or synthetic designs, or presenting the corresponding raised work by means of wood, agglomerates or similar mouldings.

The mouldings can match or not the above mentioned plates, sheets papers or natural or synthetic paintings, and counting on an exhaustive compliance of the requirements respect.to fire resistance.

Said first board can be also constituted by an incombustible board, made on the basis of gypsum, alabaster or fibrosilicates and it can be fully flat or embossed, and decorated in the same manner as that above mentioned.

The walls will count also on a second incombustible board, glued, screwed down or nailed, or with several of these harmonically combined systems, on the anterior first board, and this incombustible board will be composed or manufactured by using gypsum, alabaster, fibrosilicates or any other product classified as incombustible and having a thickness according to the adequate requirements.

The invention counts also on the allocation corresponding to the walls on a third wooden board, core or framework of the sandwich, and which third board composed or formed by planks or small planks glued one others, of same wood or of different wood, relying on the same or different densities, and fulfilling in a total and absolute way the requirements, having a predetermined thickness.

This third latter wooden board, will be in contact on both sides with the other first ornamental and second incombustible boards in order to compensate for the stresses or strains which could cause twist, fissures or warping.

Also, this third latter board will be the core or framework of the sandwich, decorated on a sole face, and will be vertically fastened, "in situ" one to other, by using known procedures or systems, such as grooves, tongues or dovetails.

Horizontally, at its lower part, on the forging, said sandwich-panels, will be fitted with a chanel having an inverted "U" shape, inside which, a metal and wooden square bar will be housed, fixed to the forging, structural stuffed used to separate the different floors in a building, by means of conventional screws, nails, glue or welding, but in all cases, this square bar, either metallic or wooden, will house inside it intumescent products or pastes which will act at a temperature predetermined beforehand.

As for the upper part the sandwich-panels will be fastened by means of an inverted "U"shape, embracing the boards of the all ornaments or gaps. This inverted "U" being made of a metallic plate or any other similar and adequate material; if it is a metal plate it will be treated against rusting, and in all cases, against any damaging agent.

These sandwich-panels boards will be designed with widths, one being multiple of others covering, consequently, any gap or space.

All the sandwich-panels boards will be fitted, at their grooves, dovetails or bonding tongues, both horizontal and vertical, that is to say, throughout their perimeter, with intumescent products strategically placed in the joints or bondings, and inserted into the wood, to appear at calculated temperatures predetermined beforehand, in order to impede, hamper and obstruct the fire action.

Also, throughout their perimeter, the sandwich-panel boards will be insulated, through acoustic devices, together with adequate products

The ceilings, or rather the false ceilings, will be made self-supporting and will be constituted of two parts: a) frame or lattice, with an exposed strip made of noble wood, agglomerates or fibres, covered with a natural or sythetic plate. Said strip will be moulded and fitted with a goove on which will be supported b) a polygonal shaped box, case or cushion, fitted into said groove, and inside which box case or cushion a thermic and acoustic insulated felt or glass wool blankets will be housed Said box, case or cushion being fitted, throughout its perimeter, and in the edges with intumescent tapes ready to act in the presence of heat. Said intumescent tapes being inserted into splits made at the sides of the box, case or cushion for this purpose. Each of these boxes, cases or cushions being mounted screwed, glued, or nailed on their corners with a neopren, synthetic rubber, P.V.C. or similar gasket, in oder to provide a high watertighness.

On the noble wood strip, a balancing strip will be glued. Said second strip can be made of natural wood, agglomerates, plywood, fibres or similar materials. Over said second strip a third one of similaar characteristics will be glued. Said three strips will conform a profile having an inverted "T" shape. Counting on a great stiffness in order to avoid, at the same time, twists and warps being screwed at its upper part by using fastening systems.

It should be pointed, in a restricted way, that the strips will be bonded one other by means of known half wood bonding, but supported on vertical ornaments, also known as wall partitions.

The strips will form symmetrical polygons, one other, to act as frame registers, giving access to the false ceiling or roof, and will be formed with flame retardant and incombustible ornamental materials, as well as with intumescent products, strategically arranged in the gaskets in order to prevent and impede the fire action.

The exposed parts of these registers, like cases, cushion or boxes, will be configured by means of ornamental plates, either natural or synthetic, glued on flame retardant and incombustible boards, containing fireproof and flame retardant mineral wool felts, and these registers will be fastened by means of conventional systems to the half-wood interlaced bolster or crosspieces, forming a frame, as above mentioned.

In a first embodiment, the doors can be constituted starting from a bore or supporting structural element, which is formed starting from a wooden board, fully coated, and using plates or sheets of a fireproof material, and, in turn, the door will be fitted with a flame retardant board to be hidden by means of a decorative plate, if desired, which can be made of different materials and presenting different ornamentations, according to the purpose of the door in question, such a wooden plate, a stratified board, a plastic methacrilate sheet, or similar, and these external elements can be fitted with an adequate treatment, such as for example, painting, polishing, varnishing or enamelling.

The door's leaf has a wooden perimetric edge housing inside a plurality of intumenscent tapes, arranged in specific points to carry out a predetermined function.

Said door has a framework, adequately fixed and treated and, also, has appropiate iron fittings.

Obviously, the door can have different thickness, and according to its specific configuration it will allow the fire to act for a greater or lesser time. This application is effected to the doors and, also, to the windows, for which both the frames and cases, and the leaves will be made of flame retardant wood with intumescent putties, pastes, or tapes, on which glasses prepared for withstanding high temperatures will be installed.

Lastly, it should be pointed out that the purpose of the invention is to protect the wood from a fire, for which it is imperative to insulate all the metallic elements, as well as all good heat-conductive elements by means of intumescent products or tapes, to be, also incombustible or flame-retardant, so that a fire can not be produced by heat transmission.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.

In order to complement this description and to aid to a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, the appending drawings, which are a part of this specification, show, by way of illustrative and nonlimiting example, the following figures.

Figure 1 shows a side elevational view, duly sectioned of object of the invention related to a new enclosure fire-resistive for a predetermined time.

Figure 2 shows a side elevational view, also sectioned, of the ceiling.

Figure 3 corresponds to a detail on the bonding of the object shown in Fig. 2.

Figure 4 shows the manner in which the frame,external ornamental part, of the ceiling are bonded at half-wood.

Figure 5 corresponds to a perspective view on the final disposition of the ornamental elements composing the ceiling, bonded at half-wood, schematically represented in Fig. 4.

Figure 6 shows a plan view, at the upper part of the object of the invention.

Figure 7 shows a sectioned view of the doors and windows of the invention, configured without mouldings.

Figure 8 shows a similar view of the object represented in Fig. 7, but with mouldings.

Figure 9 shows a sectioned view of a second embodiment of the object represented in Figs. 7 and 8, applicable to the object of the invention, a section of the frame and joint covering appearing in this figure.

Figure 10 corresponds to a similar view to that represented in Fig. 9, with mouldings.

Figure 11 corresponds to a third embodiment of the doors of the invention, showing also a section of the frame and joint covering.

Figure 12 corresponds again to a view of the object represented in Fig. 11, with mouldings.

Figure 13 shows, lastly a fourth embodiment of the object of the invention related to doors and windows, without mouldings.

Figure 14 shows, again, the embodiment represented in Fig. 13, with mouldings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

From the figures 1 through 6 it can be seen that the new enclosure fire-resistive for a predetermined time, which is the object of the invention, is constituted starting from a pavement supported on a forging (1), fabric or stuffed used to separate the different floors in a building, composed by glass wool felt (2), or a similar product classified as incombustible, and on which a parquet or platform (3) is installed, composed of several planks of wood glued ones others by the edges, and treated on said edges with flame-retardant and intumescent products. The sides of the platform or parquet (3) with expansion joints (4) and (4'), and on which a wood sheet composing the wood skirting boards (5) and (5') will be incorporated.

As above mentioned, any type of natural or synthetic pavement will be valid, provided that it meets the conditions of resistance in the presence of a fire.

The walls (10) or vertical partitions decorated on one face forming a sandwich-panel (10'), are constituted by a plywood board (11) on one side and (11') on the other side, this board (11-11') made of agglomerates, fibres or plywood, subject to a flame-retardant treatment, which board (11-11') can be, as well, incombustible, made of gypsum, alabaster or fibrosilicates, and decorated on one face, but in both cases as it seems convenient, with or without mouldings, flat or embossed.

Also, the walls or vertical partitions rely on a screwed, nailed or glued incombustible board (12) on one side and (12') on the other side, or with several of these systems combined on the board (11-11') Said incombustible board (12-12') can be composed of gypsums, alabasters, fibrosilicates or any other product classified as incombustible.

The walls (10) have a board (13) as central solid structure, or wooden core of the sandwich-panel, constituted by a wood board composed or formed by planks or small planks, glued one others, of same wood or of different wood, of same or different thickness, and with a predetermined density, according the requirements of fire resistance. These central board (13) can be made as well of aglomerates, fibres or similar, insulating both thermically and acoustically, duly treated to resist the fire action

The wooden board (13) will be in contact on both sides, with the boards (11-12) on one side and (11'-12') on the other side, decorative and incombustible, respectively, in order to compensate for the stresses and strains possibly causing twist, fissures or warps.

The board (13) will be configured as the core or framework of the sandwich-panel (10'). This sandwich-panel (10') decorated on one face or on both faces will be vertically fastened, "in situ" one other, by using different groove, tongue or dovetail systems.

Horizontally, at the lower part on the pavement, said sandwich-panel (10') will carry a channel adopting an inverted "U" shape to house, inside, a square rod (14) made of a metallic profile outside and filled with a wooden material in the inside, to be fastened to the forging (1), fabric or stuffed used to separate the different floors in a building, by screwing, nailing, glueing or welding, but in all cases, this square bar metallic and wooden (14) will house intumescent products or pastes which will act at a temperature beforehand predetermined.

As for the upper part, the boards (11-11'), (12-12') and (13) will be fastened by an inverted "U" shape (15), embracing the sandwich-panel (10') of a whole partition or void, and this part (15) will be made of a metallic plate or any other similar product, being treated, if metallic, against rust, and in all cases against any damaging agent.

The boards (11-12), (11'-12') and (13) that is to say the sandwich-panel (10') will have adequate widths in measures which are multiples one other, to cover any void.

All the sandwich-panels (10') will have at their grooves, dovetails or bonding tongues, both horizontal and vertical, what it means, throughout all their perimeter, both thermal and acoustic joints, as well as intumescent products, strategically arranged on the joints or bondings, and inserted into the wood to appear at a calculated and predertermined temperatures, to impede, obstruct and hinder the fire action.

The ceilings (20), or rather the false ceilings (20), will be self supporting and they will be constituted starting from an exposed strip (21), made of natural wood, agglomerates or fibbres, coated with natural or synthetic sheets, which will be moulded and fitted with a groove on which a polygonal box, case or cushion, will be supported, and inside which an insulating thermal and acoustic glass felt or blanket (28) will be housed, this box being fitted throughout its perimeter, and both edges, upper and lower, with intumescent tapes (27) adequately prepared to act against the heat action. These intumescent tapes or similar (27) will be inserted into splits made on sides of the box (26) for this purpose, and each box, case or cushion will be screwed, glued or nail mounted, at the corners, with a neoprene, synthetic rubber, P.V.C. or similar gasket, to provide the invention with a high watertightness.

On the noble wood strip (21), other balancing strip (22) will be glued, made of natural wood, agglomerates, plywood, fibres or similar, which being glued to a third strip (23), will provide the whole inverted "T" profile with a great stiffness, avoiding at the same time, twists and warps, being screwed at the upper part to the fastening system (24) and (25).

The ceiling will be adorned with strips (30) and (31), bonded at half wood (32), forming a frame or lattice of symmetrical polygons, to act as registers, giving an access to the false ceiling or roof, and they will be formed with fire-resistant and incombustible decorative materials, with intumescent products strategically arranged in the joints to hinder or impede the fire action.

The exposed parts of these registers, configured as a box, case or cushion (40), will be formed by decorative natural or synthetic sheets, glued screwed or nailed on the corners on fire-resistant and incombustible boards, which contain mineral wool felts, which are incombustible, and these registers will be fastened by conventional systems to interlaced bolster or crosspieces at half wood, as already mentioned.

The doors and windows can be constituted, according to the prevailing legislation, of several configurations, in order to obtain a greater or lesser fire resistance, forming always doors and windows by means of frames and frameworks, with the cooperation of intumescent pastes or strips, on which glasses prepared for withstanding very high temperatures will be installed.

In a first embodiment, the doors of the invention will be constituted starting from a frame or wooden support (41) having incombustible boards (42), and intumescent tapes (43), having wood, agglomerate or fibre zones (44), and a strip or wooden sheet (45-49) as intumescent tape protectors.

In the leaf, there is a framework having a wooden support (46'), with a wooden sheet or veneer (47), intumescent tape (48) and wooden strips or plates (49) acting as protectors for the intumescent tapes. There being on the panel a wooden structural support (50), incombustible boards (51), flame retardant boards (52), wooden sheets (47), having a joint covering (54), and mouldings (53) which can be incorporated optionally.

In synthesis, the door's leaf relies on a wooden panel fitted with boards of ncombustible material protecting each of the board sides, which is insulated from the exterior and, consequently, from a possible fire extension by using flame retardant boards and decorative sheets, all made of adequate materials to the utilization of the door, and treated by means of conventional procedures.

Also a perimetric wooden edge has been provided, incorporating intumescent tapes and a continuous wooden plate, protecting the intumescent tapes.

The frame of the door of this first embodiment, is composed of a core of wood including incombustible plates and intumesent tapes, as already mentioned.

In a second embodiment, the door (61) can be formed starting from a wooden frame (62), formed by four planks which are conventional bonded one other, there being, between each pair of planks (62), incombustible boards (63) preferently made of silicate and gypsum or similar, the ends of which incorporating intumescent strips (64), counting on external mouldings or cover plates having three internal mortises incorporated to the intumescent tapes (64), and later, wooden strips or plates (66) acting as protectors for the intumescent tapes (64).

The own door (61) is constituted by a series of inner bodies configuring a panel (71) formed by a panel, and resinous or hardwood structural wooden support, in accordance with the requirements delimited to the door, this part of the board (71) being coated, and acting as a structural wooden support on its major faces, by two steel plates (74), which configure an armour, which is, in turn, externally coated with incombustible boards (72) on the sides, the ends of the major boards having intumescent tapes (69'), similar to those intumescent tapes (69), but of small size.

On the sides of the center structure, it has been provided the incorporation of two lengthened pieces forming a framework (67), constituting a wooden support having a resinous or hardwood characteristics, there being, in the external board, and on its major faces, two mortises incorporating intumescent tapes (69), and being coated, on the door sides, by a wooden plate or strip (70), acting as a protector for said intumescent tape.

Following with the door area, and externally coating the incombustible board (72), there is incorporated a fire resistant board (73) externally coated with a wooden sheet or veneer (68) of natural or synthetical material, being able of presenting any decorative ornamentation.

Lastly, this second embodiment can rely on mouldings (75), having two mortises in which intumescent tapes (64) can be internally incorporated, and externally incorporated in the board, acting a protection of the intumescent tapes (64) wooden strips or plates (66).

In short, this embodiment configures starting from a leaf's panel comprising a wooden board fully insulated from the exterior by means of incombustible material boards, and these by both flame retardant boards, which are coated with a decorative sheet, adequately treated concerning fire resistance and presenting a perimetric edge of resinous or hardwood natural wood in accordance with the requirements of fire resistance, on which said intumescent tapes are incorporated, one of them coplanar to the outer surface of the edge, and other housed within said edge, and there being intumescent tapes located between the inner part of the edge and the rims of the incombustible plates, there being arranged, on the edge of the door's leaf, a continuous wooden plate protecting the external intumescent tapes.

The invention relies on a conventional wooden core including incombustible and intumescent plates, this zone being the centre area or core of the door, independently of the existence of a frame fitted with similar characteristics to the door, a cover plate and optional mouldings also fitted with intumescent tapes and protectors of same.

Also, the invention can rely on a door configured in a third embodiment, this door (81) being constituted starting from a frame or wooden support (82), formed by five wooden bodies bonded ones others, there being between each pair of wood strips or bodies (82), incombustible boards (83), preferably made of silicate and gypsum, on the ends of which there are incorporated intumescent tapes (84), the sides of the intumescent tapes (84) having protecting bodies or parts (86), same that the optional cover plates (85), having three mortises in the upper part, which incorporate intumescent tapes (84) and later coated with strips (86), in order to protect these intumescent tapes (84).

The so said door (81) is constituted by a series of bodies (91), configuring the board, forming the panel or structural support made of resinous or hardwood, in accordance with the requirements determined by the door, this part (91) being coated, and acting as structural wooden support on its major faces, with two steel plates (94), forming an armour, which in turn, is coated externally with incombustible boards (92) on the four sides, there being at the ends of the major boards intumescent tapes (89'), which are similar to the intumescent tapes (89), but of less size.

The sides of the leaf's structure (81) have incorporated two lengthened parts forming the framework of the leaf (87), forming a wooden support of resinous or hardwood. In the insides of said framework, having mortises incorporating intumescent tapes (89). The sides of the framework being coated with a protecting tape (90), while those located on the minor faces of the framework (87), are externally coated by an outer protecting sheet, made of any material considered convenient Said sheet or veneer can present any ornamentation.

Lastly, this embodiment can rely on moulding (95) having a mortise in the internal face, which incorporates intumescent tapes (84), later incorporated in the board, wood strips or plates (86) acting as a protection for the intumescent tapes (84).

Finally, it should be pointed out that in this embodiment it has been contemplated the incorporation, in the part (82) configuring the frame having a larger size and faced with the lateral zone of the door, of a mortise in which intumescent tapes (89) and the corresponding protecting external strip (90) is included.

In a fourth option or embodiment, the door (101) is constituted starting from a frame with wooden planks (102), formed by five wooden planks bonded ones other. There being, between the first pair of planks (102), incombustible boards (103), made of a silicate, gypsum or similar. At the ends of which there are intumescent tapes (104), and protecting strips under the mouldings (106) for the intumescent tapes incorporated. There being also incombustible boards (103) located between the center bodies, markedly one of them more thickened in relation to the other one, and relying also on an incombustible board (103), between the wooden thick body and the external planks (102), covering plates appearing optionally (105), showing the existence of three mortises, in the inner zone of which intumescent strips (104), covered by tapes (106), are incorporated.

Said door (101), constituting this fourth embodiment is formed by a series of internal bodies configuring a panel (111), forming said panel and, at the same time, constituting the resinous or hardwood structural leaf's panel support, in accordance with the requirements delimited to the doors, said panel zone (111) acting as a structural support, made of planks in its major faces, being coated with two steel plates (114), forming an armour which, in turn, is coated on its outer part by incombustible boards (103) on its four sides, the end of the major boards (103) having intumescent tapes (109'), similar to the intumescent tapes (109) but markedly smaller.

The sides of the centre structure incorporates two elongated parts forming the framework (107) or wooden support of a resinous or hardwood characteristics, the external plank presenting four mortises conveniently arranged on the major and minor faces, having intumescent tapes (109-109') of different dimensions, and being covered or protected by a wooden plate (110) acting as protection for the intumescent tapes (109), located on the major external face of the framework (107).

Following with the door area, and externally covering the incombustible board (103), a flame-retardant board (113), is incorporated, which is externally covered by a wooden plate sheet or veneer (108), made of any material considered as convenient, independently of whether it may be natural or synthetic and can present different decorative ornamentations.

Lastly, the invention in this embodiment can rely on mouldings (115) which will have two mortises in which intumescent tapes (104) will be incorporated into said moulding, and externally incorporated on the board, acting as protection of the intumescent tape (104) some wooden strips or plates (106).

It should be pointed out that the different metallic elements to be incorporated in the invention, like all the elements constituting good heat conductors, will be protected with intumescent tapes or materials, also incombustible or flame retardant, so that a fire cannot be provoked by a heat transmission.

Claims

An enclosure, fire-resistive for a predetermined time, utilizing a treated wood, said wood being treated by means of mechanical, physical and chemical procedures in order to improve both its composition and its disposition, concerning its fire resistance, said enclosure comprising:

a floor located on a structural element (1), said structural element used to separate the different floors in a building,

walls (10) vertically arranged, said walls formed by several sandwich panels (10') at the upper side of said floor,

ceilings (20),

doors and windows (41),(61), (81) and (101) with or without mouldings, said doors and said windows made of materials which are fire-resistant for a predetermined time;

said floor being comprising a glass wool felt layer (2) of an incombustible quality, and on said layer a parquet or platform (3), composed of several wooden plates glued one to another by their edges, characterized in that:

said edges are treated with flame-retardant and intumescent products,

the sides of said parquet or platform are composed of a treated wooden sheet as wood skirting board (5-5'), with expansion joints (4) and (4') located between the sides of said parquet or platform and the walls,

the walls (10) are formed by two layers of first board (11,11'), said first board being either:

a) of plywood, fibres, agglomerates, subject to a flame-retardant treatment, and decorated, with or without mouldings, sheets or similar, flat or embossed, or

b) incombustible, made of gypsum, alabaster, fibrosilicates or similar material and decorated, with or without mouldings, flat or embossed,

the walls also have two layers of second incombustible board (12,12') each glued, screwed or nailed on each of one of the layers of first board (11,11') respectively, said second board made of gypsum, alabaster or fibrosilicates or any other product classified as incombustible and having a predetermined thickness,

said wall comprises a third wooden board (13) in the middle of said wall, formed by planks glued one to another, said planks being of the same or different wood, with the same or different densities and with a predetermined thickness, said third wooden board (13) being in contact on each one of its two major faces with each one of the second boards (12,12') respectively and acting as core or framework of the sandwich-panel assembly (10'),

said sandwich panels (10') are fastened, in situ, one to another, by means of vertical grooves, tongues, dovetails joints or similar, and have at the lower part on the pavement and at the upper part in the ceiling a channel adopting an inverted "U" shape.
An enclosure fire-resistive for a predetermined time according to claim 1, charaterized in that inside the lower chanel, adopting a "U" shape, there is a metallic profile, inside said metallic profile there is an square rod (14) made of solid natural wood, said solid natural wood housing inside intumescent products or pastes, said assembly, metallic profile plus wooden square rod plus intumescent pastes (14), fixed on the lower part to the structural element (1), used to separate the different floors in a building, by means of screws, nails, glueing or welding. Said channel in the ceiling, being formed by a inverted "U" shape (15), of a bigger size than the lower channel, embracing the plurality of sandwich panel boards (11, 11', 12, 12', 13) of a wall (10), both said channels, the latter one of a rather bigger size, being of a metallic plate and treated against rusting or any other damaging agent.
An enclosure fire-resistive for a predetermined time, according to claim 1, characterized in that all the sandwich panels boards (10') will be fitted throughout their perimeter with grooves, dovetails, bonding tongues or similar and with intumescent products located into said joints or bondings.
An enclosure fire resistive for a predetermined time, according to claim 1, characterized in that the ceilings (20) are self supporting, said ceilings being constituted by: a) an exposed strip forming a frame or lattice (30), (31), (32) and b) a box, case or cushion (26). Said frame or lattice (30-31-32) made of natural wood (21) agglomerates or fibres. Covered with a natural veneer or sythetic sheets of incombustible materials. Said frame or lattice moulded and fitted with a goove (30). On which said groove, a polygonal box, case or cushion (26) will be supported. Said box, case or cushion, with a thermal and acoustic insulation and made of fire resistant materials (26), into said box, case or cushion a glass wool felt or blanket is housed (28), said box, case or cushion being fitted throughout its perimeter and on the upper and lower edges with intumescent strips (27) which are inserted into splits existing at the sides (26) of the box, case or cushion, said box case or cushion being screwed, glued, or nailed on the corners (24) and mounted with a neoprene gasket, which also can be of sythetic rubber or similar material.
An enclosure fire-resistive for a predetermined time, according to claim 4, characterized in that on the natural wood strip (21), another balancing strip (22) is glued, said balancing strip (22) being made of natural wood, agglomerates, plywood, fibres, or similar which glued to a third strip (23) will constitute a profile adopting an inverted "T" shape screwed, at its upper side, by means of a fixing system (24-25).
An enclosure fire-resistive for a predeteminend time, according to claim 1, characterised in that the door is formed by a leaf and a frame, said leaf having wooden planks as framework (50') and panels (50) insulated from the exterior by incombustible boards (51), said incombustible boards in turn insulated by flame-retardant boards (52) covered by a treated decorative sheet, (47) natural or synthetic; intumescent strips (48) being located inside the framework, coplanar to the external edge surface of the framework members, and being located between the inner portion of said edge and the rims of the incombustible boards (51), the edges of the door's leaf having a continuos plate (49) made of wood, or any other convenient material, protecting said intumescent strips (48).
An enclosure fire-resistive for a predetermined time, according to claims 1 and 6, characterized in that said door has a frame composed of natural wooden planks (41) of a resinous or hardwood depending on fire requirements, incombustible boards (42), with interposed intumescent strips (43), and a covering plate (54) with intumescent strips (43).
An enclosure fire-resistive for a predetermined time, according to claim 1, characterised in that said enclosure comprises a door (61) formed by a frame configured starting from four wooden planks (62), between which incombustible boards (63) are incorporated, said boards presenting at their ends intumescent strips (64), a tape cover (65) being joined to said frame, said tape cover having externally three mortises, inside which said mortises intumescent strips (64) are incorporated and later, wooden strips or plates (66) acting as a protection for the intumescent strips.
An enclosure fire resistive for a predetermined time, according to claims 1 and 8, characterized in that the door's leaf has a framework fitted with lateral wooden planks (67) formed by two coupled bodies, the external plank of said framework having two mortises on its major faces (69) in which two intumescent strips (69) are incorporated, said intumescent tapes externally covered and protected by a wooden sheet or plate (70); said door's leaf having internally in the framework, an indeterminate number of wooden planks forming the case or panel of said door's leaf (71) and made of resinous or hardwood, depending on fire requirements, said wooden case or panel having, on their major external faces, a steel plate (74), acting as an armour, the assembly formed by the steel plates (74), the wooden planks' case or panel (71) and the incombustible board (72) covered with a board adequately treated against fire action (73), said board (73) being one of two kinds: either

(a) in plywood or similar or (b) of an incombustible material, in both cases (a) or

(b) decorated as convenient, with natural veneer sheets or synthetic sheets (68).
An enclosure fire resistive for a predetermined time, according to claims 1, 8 and 9, characterised in that in the door a moulding (75) is incorporated, said moulding having at its inner face two mortises (66) in which intumescent strips (64) are internally included, said wooden strips or plates (66) acting as a protection for the intumescent strips (64).
An enclosure fire resistive for a predetermined time, according to claim 1, characterised in that the enclosure can be fitted with a door (81), the frame of which is configured starting from five wooden supports (82), between said wooden supports incombustible boards (83) are located, presenting at their ends intumescent srtrips (84), optionally a cover plate (85) is joined on the exterior of said frame, said cover plate having at its rear face three mortises inside which intumescent strips (84) are incorporated, said intumescent strips having wooden tapes or plates (86) acting as protection for said intumescent strips (84), there appearing on a wooden support (82) of larger size, a mortise at one of the minor faces, specifically at the one facing the door's leaf, in which an intumescent strip is incorporated, and the corresponding protecting strip.
An enclosure fire resistive for a predetermined time, according to claims 1 and 11, characterised in that the door's leaf (81) has a framework (87), said framework formed by two coupled planks, on the planks' external side six mortises are present in which intumescent strips (89) are incorporated, one of said mortises externally covered with a wooden sheet or plate (90) acting as a protection for the intumescent strip (89), the door's leaf further having internally coupled, forming the central panel wooden core, an indeterminated number of wooden parts (91) made of a resinous or hardwood depending on fire requirements, said wooden leaf panel having, on the external major faces, a steel plate as an armour (94), the assembly formed by said steel plates (94) and said wooden parts (91) being covered by an incombustible board (92), said incombustible board formed by a silicate, gypsum or similar, having at the ends of its major faces intumescent strips (89) incorporated in mortises inside said framework (87), said central panel wooden core externally covered at the major faces, by a flame retardant board (93), and later, by a natural or synthetic wooden sheet or plate (88) acting as decorated exposed face.
An enclosure fire resistive for a predetermined time, according to claims 1, 11 and 12, characterized in that mouldings (95) are incorporated, said mouldings having at their inner face one mortise, in which intumescent strips(84) are inserted, and later, wooden plates or strips (86) protecting the intumescent strips (84).
An enclosure fire-resistive for a predetermined time, according to claim 1. Characterised in that the door (101) is configured starting from a frame formed by five wooden planks or supports (102) between which said planks three incombustible boards (103) are incorporated, said incombustible boards presenting at their ends intumescent tapes (104), optionally a cover plate (105) is externally joined to the frame, said cover plate relies internally on three mortises, inside which intumescent strips (104) are incorporated, and later wooden plates or strips (106) acting as protectors of said intumescent strips, said door having a wooden framework (107) formed by two planks bonded one to another. Said framework having four mortises in which intumescent strips (109) are incorporated, with a wooden plate or strip (110) acting as a protection of one of said intumescent strips (109), an indeterminate number of wooden panel planks (111) being coupled inside said framework forming the leaf's panel, said leafs panel planks of a resinous or hardwood depending on fire requirements, having on their major external faces a steel plate or armour (114), the assembly formed by said steel plates (114) and said leaf's panel (111) covered by an incombustible board (103), said incombustible board formed by a silicate, gypsum or similar having at the ends of its major faces intumescent strips (109), said intumescent strips in mortises inside the framework (107), said leaf's panel (111) covered on its major faces by flame-retardant boards (113), said boards covered by a wooden sheet or plate (108) natural or synthetic acting as decorated exposed face.
An enclosure fire resistive for a predetermined time, according to claims 1 and 14, characterized in that optional mouldings (115) are incorporated in the door (101), said mouldings having at their inner face two mortises (106) in which intumescent strips (104) are internally inserted, with wooden plates or strips (106) acting as a protection of the intumescent strips (104).