EP0752387B1 - Method for winding up several cables and lifting device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for winding several tethers in several Rope layers on the rope drum of a hoist and a hoist according to the generic term of claim 2.

Hoists for facade access equipment must usually be set up for this be that several tethers are wound simultaneously. A working gondola usually has two suspension points, at the beginning and at the end of the Longitudinal axis of the working gondola are arranged to incline the Avoid working gondola. There are also single work gondolas Suspension point. In special cases, more than two suspension points (e.g. three or four) may be provided. Because in the event of a rope break, not only does the fall Working gondola must be excluded, but also the maximum permissible Inclination of the working nacelle compared to the normal operating position relevant official regulations are limited to a maximum value (e.g. 15 °), two tethers are usually provided for each suspension point. The means that in most cases a total of four tethers in one with the other must be able to be wound up and unwound completely uniformly, so that none inadmissible inclination of the work nacelle can occur during operation.

Nowadays used in roof vehicles of facade access systems Hoists are equipped with relatively long rope drums for this purpose are driven by an electric motor and in accordance with the number of tethers adjacent sections are divided, each with a tether is wound up. To ensure an even winding of the tether, it is common to have helical rope grooves in the surface of the rope drum cut in, which correspond to the outer contour of the tether. Besides, one is elaborate cable routing provided with the help of a cable carriage, with Deflection rollers are equipped and automatically during winding and unwinding is movable parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rope drum, so that the tether is always runs perpendicular to the longitudinal axis towards the cable drum. The winding is often done the ropes only in a single rope layer. But it is also known to hold the ropes in wind up several layers, the tether of the next layer of the the underlying rope layer crosses at an angle. In these cases, the cable carriage layered in a corresponding oscillating movement along the longitudinal axis the cable drum can be moved back and forth. Instead of a cable carriage can also have a corresponding longitudinal mobility of the kinematic reversal Rope drum itself can be provided.

In the case of very tall buildings, the required lengths of those to be wound up lead Holding ropes for often very long rope drums. That is not just from the point of view of the Space requirements for the cable drums from Disadvantage, but also leads to a considerable manufacturing effort for the rope drum and the required system for exact rope guidance.

From DE-A 28 54 743 a cable winch is known which is a motor-driven Has rope drum on the two parallel radially projecting disc-shaped Guides are welded on. The two disk-shaped guides have Direction of the drum axis a distance from each other that is the rope diameter corresponds, and thus form a winding nip for the tether to be wound. The The tether is therefore with this winch in a flat spiral (the Rope diameter accordingly) in a plurality of turns of the tether wound up, with the individual turns lying directly on top of each other touch at the apex of the rope cross-section. The disc-shaped Guides are through additional radial support plates that are perpendicular to the Guides stand, supported laterally. For winding several tethers in this document proposed the rope drum with an appropriate variety next to another arranged disc-shaped guides to be provided, so that for each tether a separate winding nip is formed. Therefore, depending on the number of Holding ropes not only significantly increases the construction effort of the rope drum, but also the space requirement in the direction of the cable drum axis is considerably increased.

The object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for opening and closing Unwrapping of several ropes to specify, one exactly with each other uniform winding operation is ensured for each tether and the required Device effort and the space required for the rope drum is reduced.

This object is achieved with regard to the method with the in claim 1 specified features. A device according to the invention has the features of claim 2 and is advantageously by the features of Subclaims 3 to 10 can be further developed.

The essence of the invention can be seen in particular in the basic idea that individual tethers next to each other in one plane immediately before winding to be arranged so that the immediately adjacent tethers are usually on the side touch, but at least no significant lateral distance from each other exhibit. They form a flat band, so to speak. This tape thus formed is in shape a spiral, the thickness (in the direction of the axis of rotation) of the width of this band corresponds, wound in a variety of winding layers on the cable drum. The Tethers are therefore not in the form of helical lines, which has been mostly used until now wound up. By lateral support of the two outside ropes the width of the flat belt cannot change. As a result, the individual layers (spiral turns) of a tether each at the apex of the Touch the rope cross section. So it is avoided that the next rope layer, like this with the previously known multi-layer winding on long rope drums regularly the case is exactly in the gap between the immediate adjacent turns of the underlying rope layer is laid. This is ensures that with one turn of the rope drum for each tether exactly the same length is wound up.

Fig. 1

die Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Hubwerks quer zur Achse der Seiltrommel gesehen,.

Fig. 2

das Hubwerk gemäß Fig. 1 in Richtung der Achse der Seiltrommel gesehen,

Fig. 3

das Detail A gemäß Fig. 1 in Vergrößerung als Schnittbild,

Fig. 4

Einzelheiten der Andruckvorrichtung aus Fig. 2 als vergrößerter Ausschnitt,

Fig. 5

zwei unterschiedlich vergrößerte Schnitte gemäß der Linie B-B in Fig. 4 und

Fig. 6

einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt aus dem unteren Teil der Seiltrommel mit Umlenkrolle.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of the exemplary embodiment of a lifting mechanism for a roof trolley of a facade access device shown in the figures. Show it:

Fig. 1

seen the side view of a hoist according to the invention transversely to the axis of the cable drum ,.

Fig. 2

1 seen in the direction of the axis of the cable drum,

Fig. 3

the detail A according to FIG. 1 in an enlargement as a sectional image,

Fig. 4

Details of the pressure device from FIG. 2 as an enlarged detail,

Fig. 5

two differently enlarged sections along the line BB in Fig. 4 and

Fig. 6

an enlarged section of the lower part of the rope drum with pulley.

1 and 2 in different views according to the invention has a cable drum 1 with a comparatively large outer diameter of, for example, 1.2 to 1.5 m and an extremely short axial length. To this extent, the cable drum 1 forms a relatively flat disc with a total thickness of, for example, 60 to 80 mm. It is rotatably mounted on a bearing block 2 by means of a horizontally arranged shaft 3. To drive the cable drum 1, a preferably electric motor 4 is provided, which acts, for example, via a chain drive 5 on a drive wheel connected to the cable drum 1 in a rotationally fixed manner. A gear transmission for torque transmission from the drive motor 4 to the cable drum 1 could also be provided, for example. In this way, the cable drum 1 can optionally be operated with a different direction of rotation for winding and unwinding the holding cables 7, 8 of a working gondola, not shown. As the detailed sectional view in Fig. 3 shows, there are a total of four tethers, which are combined into two pairs of tethers 7, 8. According to the invention, all the holding ropes 7, 8 are guided such that they lie directly next to one another in the common area of the rope drum 1 in a common plane and touch one another laterally, but at least have no significant distance from one another. They form a flat band. Since the tether 7, 8 must be guided in pairs differently from the roof trolley of the facade access device, not shown, to the two suspension points of the working nacelle, a guide roller 6 is provided, the axis of rotation of which is arranged parallel to the shaft 3. In this way, with the same rope guide in the inlet area of the rope drum 1, a variety of rope guides leading away from the rope drum 1 are possible. This is shown in more detail in FIG. 6. While the pair of tethers 8 are guided approximately horizontally to the right away from the cable drum, the second pair of tethers 7 run approximately in the opposite direction to the left. The dashed lines that represent the tethers 7 and the circular double arrow indicate that the direction of the tethers 7 can be varied in the angular range of the double arrow. In extreme cases, the two pairs of tethers 7, 8 can also be guided in parallel. Irrespective of this, it is ensured in any case that in the entry area of the cable drum 1, that is to say in the area between the guide roller 6 and the cable drum 1, all the holding cables 7, 8 lie directly next to one another in a common plane. The cable drum 1 has a winding nip 9, the width of which is only slightly greater than the total width of the four flat adjacent ropes 7, 8. The side ropes of the winding nip 9 therefore fix the ropes 7, 8 brought together into a band in their relative position to one another . Seen in cross-section of the ropes, they touch in the three o'clock or nine o'clock position. The diameter in the region of the cylindrical base of the central gap 9 is denoted by d ₁ . The outer diameter of the cable drum 1, which is also the outer diameter of the side walls of the winding gap 9, is provided with the designation d ₂ . The sectional view of Fig. 3 shows how the flat band of the four adjacent tethers 7, 8 is wound in the form of spiral turns. Seen in cross section, the superimposed layers of the individual tethers 7, 8 touch exactly in the twelve o'clock or six o'clock position. Since the side walls of the winding gap 9 laterally fix the respective outer tethers 7, 8, the band of the four tethers 7, 8 cannot change its width. For this reason, none of the tethers 7, 8 can slide into the gap area between two tethers 7, 8 lying directly next to one another in a position immediately below. This means that the same length is wound up or unwound at each rotation of the holding ropes 7, 8. 3 and 6 show, the winding gap 9 is not completely filled by the tethers 7, 8 even in the fully wound form. The maximum total height h of the individual layers of the tethers 7, 8 is in any case less than the difference in the diameters d ₂ minus d ₁ .

In any case, also in a situation where the tether is to be wound up should not be under tension, with absolute certainty an exact To guarantee winding, it may be appropriate to place one in the winding gap 9 to provide engaging pressure device 10, as shown in Figure 2 and in FIGS. 4 and 5 are reproduced in greater detail by enlargement of sections. Such a pressing device 10 has one in the exemplary embodiment shown Pressure arm 12 which is rotatably held in a bearing block at its left end. At the free end of this pressure arm 12 is a rotatably mounted pressure roller 13. Since the pressure arm 10 is placed under spring tension by means of a pressure spring 11, presses the pressure roller 13 approximately radially in the direction of the shaft 3 of the cable drum 1 on the Start of the uppermost winding layer of the tethers 7, 8. This keeps it spiral wound package of the tethers 7, 8 on the cable drum 1 in all circumstances the fixed position. The pressure roller 13 is preferably made of one metallic material or made of plastic, which damage the Ropes 7, 8 excludes. Expediently 13 bronze for the pressure roller used. As can be seen in FIG. 5, it is recommended to use the pressure roller to be provided on the outside with a wavy profile seen in cross section, the the cross-sectional shape of the tether is complementarily adapted. The pressure roller 13 thus has an appropriately adapted guide groove on the outside for each tether 7, 8 on. It is of course also possible to profile the pressure roller 13 dispense with and execute this smooth cylindrical. Because of the structural narrowness of the Winding gap 9 is a common shaft bearing with roller bearings for the pressure roller 13 not possible. For this reason, is on the facing away from the tethers 7, 8 Side of the pressure roller 13 at least one support roller 14 is provided. The illustrated Example shows two support rollers 14 arranged side by side. These support rollers 14 do not need the pressure roller 13 over its entire axial length, that is over the Touch width of the winding gap 9. Therefore, the support rollers 14 For example, be stored on flat arms over roller bearings. The support rollers 14, which have an outer contour complementary to the pressure roller 13 preferably made of a plastic. To be in a relieved state Prevent the pressure roller 13 from falling out of its shaftless mounting lateral holding shoes 15 are provided.

With regard to the dimensioning of the cable drum 1, that is to say the determination of the diameters d ₁ and d ₂ , it is advisable to choose the inside diameter d ₁ in a similar order of magnitude as the outside diameter d ₂ . The closer the inside diameter d _{1 is to} the outside diameter d ₂ , the smaller the difference in the winding speed of the holding ropes 7, 8, with the same speed of rotation of the rope drum Outer diameter. This makes it possible to completely dispense with speed control of the drive motor 4, so that the overall cost of the drive is reduced.

The hoist according to the invention is characterized by an extremely compact Construction. In principle, it is easily possible in the embodiment to move the selected horizontal axis of rotation of the cable drum into the vertical, so that at An extremely flat roof trolley construction is possible for a facade elevator is. The solution presented has no disadvantages in terms of safety with yourself. With regard to the manufacturing and maintenance costs, this is the invention Hoist much cheaper than the previously used hoists with long Rope drums because much fewer moving parts are required. Especially the effort for a back and forth cable guide carriage is completely eliminated or an alternative drive for an oscillating spindle for the multi-layer Winding the tether. The construction volume used for a Hoist according to the invention grows with increasing number of windings Tether ropes only slightly. It only makes a very slight difference whether two or four or even six or eight tethers are wound.

Claims (10)

1. Method for winding up a plurality of holding cables in a plurality of cable layers on the cable drum of a lifting device, characterised in that the holding cables are wound onto the cable drum of the lifting device in parallel in a common plane so as to lie close together in the form of a spiral, wherein the two outer holding cables are each supported from outside such that the holding cables are laterally fixed in their position relative to one another and the individual cable layers only contact one another at the vertex of the cable cross section.
2. Lifting device, in particular for roof cars of apparatus for running over façades, for lifting and lowering a cradle suspended from at least two holding cables (7, 8), with a cable drum (1) which is driven by a motor (4) and onto and off which the holding cables (7, 8) can each be wound in the form of a spiral, the thickness of which corresponds to the cable thickness, and with a guide roller (6), which is disposed paraxially with the cable drum (1) and in alignment with the spiral, for the holding cables (7, 8), characterised in that the cable drum (1) has a single winding gap (9) for the holding cables (7, 8), of which there are at least two, which gap is of a width which is greater just by a small tolerance than the multiple of the thickness of the holding cables (7, 8) corresponding to the number of holding cables (7, 8) to be wound up.
3. Lifting device according to claim 2, characterised in that four holding cables (7, 8) are provided, two (7) of which are each guided by the guide roller (6) into a first direction and two (8) into a direction opposite to the first.
4. Lifting device according to one of claims 2 and 3, characterised in that the inside diameter (d₁) of the cable drum (1) at the winding gap (9) is less than 40%, in particular approximately 15 to 30%, smaller than the outside diameter (d₂) of the cable drum (1).
5. Lifting device according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterised in that a pressing apparatus (10) is provided which engages in the winding gap (9) from outside and presses the entering holding cables (7, 8) radially onto the cable layers which are already wound up in the form of a spiral.
6. Lifting device according to claim 5, characterised in that the pressing apparatus (10) comprises a spring-loaded, pivotable pressing arm (12), at one end of which a pressure roller (13) is rotatably mounted.
7. Lifting device according to claim 6, characterised in that the pressure roller (13) is mounted without a shaft.
8. Lifting device according to one of claims 6 to 7, characterised in that the pressure roller (13) has an undulating profile adapted in a complementary manner to the cross-sectional shape of the holding cables (7, 8).
9. Lifting device according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterised in that the pressure roller (13) consists of a metallic material, in particular of bronze.
10. Lifting device according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterised in that the pressure roller (13) is supported from outside in the region which is remote from the holding cables (7, 8) by at least one, in particular two, rotatably mounted support rollers (14).

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