EP0750784B1 - Procede et installation d'epuration de fumees issues de l'incineration de dechets faiblement radioactifs - Google Patents
Procede et installation d'epuration de fumees issues de l'incineration de dechets faiblement radioactifs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0750784B1 EP0750784B1 EP95912311A EP95912311A EP0750784B1 EP 0750784 B1 EP0750784 B1 EP 0750784B1 EP 95912311 A EP95912311 A EP 95912311A EP 95912311 A EP95912311 A EP 95912311A EP 0750784 B1 EP0750784 B1 EP 0750784B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gases
- aqueous solution
- heavy metals
- radioactive
- column
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims 3
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 52
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 3
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 hydrogen halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002925 low-level radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012857 radioactive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/02—Treating gases
Definitions
- the invention relates to the purification of fumes from the incineration of low-level radioactive waste, in particular but not exclusively the treatment of smoke from a fusion incinerator and vitrification of waste, such as waste generated by industry nuclear, hospitals or universities.
- the incineration of low-level radioactive waste produces fumes containing water vapor, acid pollutants such as hydrogen halides, solid particles some of which are soluble, and radioactive heavy metals, which should be extracted from fumes before release of the latter into the atmosphere.
- a known treatment of fumes consists in cooling them by means a heat recovery unit at a temperature compatible with their passage through a filter capable of retaining the solid particles, and then treating the dust removed in a gas washing installation to extract acid pollutants and part of the gaseous heavy metals, before the discharge of smoke in the atmosphere.
- the fumes from fusion incinerators and vitrification of waste has a high temperature, which can reach 1250 ° C, and the heat recovery unit must be specially designed and made of materials resistant to temperature and corrosion, therefore expensive. It has been proposed to overcome this drawback of cooling the fumes by dilution effect by injecting air into them, but this solution has the drawback of increasing the quantity of gases to be treated.
- the publication FR-A-2 408 196 describes a waste treatment process which includes, among other steps, a cooling and condensing step of particles contained in this smoke, the wet particles being separated by passing through a sieve and the fumes being then reheated and filtered.
- the solid particles carried by the fumes are thus recovered by the filter after the fumes have been cleared of radioactive heavy metals, so these solid particles, little or no radioactive, do not require special precautions for their handling and can be sent back to the incinerator to be melted and vitrified.
- the crystallization of neutralized condensate salts and treated eliminates any liquid discharge by producing salts likely to be used industrially and water to be recycled in the smoke circuit. Ultimate waste resulting from smoke treatment are thus limited to the precipitate, and the handling and storage of this waste are thus facilitated compared to known installations which produce a greater volume of waste.
- the number of equipment contaminated by smoke is less than that of known installations because radioactive heavy metals are eliminated in the cooler-condenser, i.e. the first link in processing.
- the subject of the invention is therefore a process for purifying smoke from a low radioactive waste incinerator, this smoke containing water vapor, acid pollutants, solid particles and radioactive heavy metals, characterized in that it comprises the stages consisting in cooling the fumes in a cooler-condenser by below their dew point to capture radioactive heavy metals in condensates along with acidic pollutants and particles soluble solids contained in the fumes, to reheat the fumes from the cooler-condenser so as to avoid the rejection of liquid effluent by the installation, then sending the fumes into a filter capable of recovering the solid particles before discharging the purified fumes into the atmosphere, condensates being treated to precipitate radioactive heavy metals and recover an aqueous solution which is sent to a crystallization, in order to recover salts and water to recycle in the installation.
- the cooling of the smoke is produced by contact with an aqueous solution dispersed in a cooling enclosure to a temperature close to their dew temperature, then by contact with a heat exchanger at condensation down to a temperature below their temperature of dew.
- the cooling of the fumes is carried out by contact with an aqueous solution dispersed in a cooling enclosure down to a temperature close to their dew point then by direct contact of the fumes with an aqueous solution dispersed in a spraying column, this aqueous solution being maintained, thanks to a heat exchanger, at a temperature below said temperature dew of the fumes, so that heavy metals are extracted from the fumes by condensation by mixing at the same time as the capture of pollutants acids and soluble particles contained in the fumes.
- the installation shown in Figure 1 is intended for treatment a stream 1 of smoke from a weakly incinerator 3 of waste radioactive, for example waste generated by the nuclear industry, hospitals or universities.
- This incinerator 3 is preferably of the type comprising a pocket for melting waste under the action of a torch plasma or an electroburner, for their vitrification.
- the fumes at treat convey solid particles and radioactive heavy metals. They contain water vapor formed during combustion of the waste and acidic pollutants such as hydrogen halides and pollutants organic. The temperature of the fumes is high, reaching 1250 ° C.
- Flow 1 of smoke is sent to a cooler-condenser comprising a cooling enclosure 6 into which is sprayed an aqueous solution to rapidly cool the fumes to a temperature close to their dew temperature.
- the fumes are sent to a condenser 100 where they are cooled to a temperature below their dew temperature, so that radioactive heavy metals are extracted fumes during the condensation of the water vapor contained in these last, together with the capture of acid pollutants and soluble solid particles carried by smoke.
- the condenser 100 is a condenser of the surface type condenser, comprising a heat exchanger 106 heat capable of performing a heat exchange between the fumes and a refrigerant leaving at 101 a refrigeration installation 102 for supply the exchanger 106 at a temperature below the temperature of dew of smoke, and then returning in 103 to the installation of refrigeration 102.
- Condensation products that form on contact with the exchanger 106 are sent by a circuit 104 in the enclosure of cooling 6 in contact with the fumes passing through it, to abruptly lower their temperature, that is to say to carry out a quenching, up to a temperature close to their dew point temperature. During this quenching, heavy metals do not adsorb on solid particles transported by smoke.
- the circuit 104 advantageously includes a clarifier allowing to collect in 108 solid particles which are, preferably returned to the incinerator to be melted and vitrified.
- a purge circuit 105 is provided for withdrawing the products from condensation when the concentration of radioactive or other heavy metals pollutants is high, in order to send them to a treatment unit 30, receiving at 31, via a valve 32, reagents 33, by example of soda, flocculants and insolubilizers, intended to precipitate radioactive heavy metals.
- the precipitate is extracted by filtration to recover irradiated filter cakes at 34.
- the aqueous solution freed from the precipitate contains salts formed during the neutralization of acid pollutants and soluble particles dissolved in condensates. This aqueous solution is directed at 35 to a salt crystallization unit 36, to recover water in 37, sent to a network of distribution 38 to be recycled in installation 2.
- the filter cakes 34 are packaged for storage at 43.
- the crystallization unit advantageously comprises two stages, the first being constituted by a forced circulation concentrator and the second by a evaporator-crystallizer.
- the fumes leaving purified the condenser 100 pass through of a heater 300, in the example described a heater comprising a propane burner 301, to be brought to a temperature such that, of a apart, the solid particles which they transport are dried and to absorb, on the other hand, the water produced during the crystallization of the salts, which is reinjected in enclosure 6 by a power supply 22 connected to the network 38; so installation 2 does not reject any liquid effluent.
- a heater 300 in the example described a heater comprising a propane burner 301, to be brought to a temperature such that, of a apart, the solid particles which they transport are dried and to absorb, on the other hand, the water produced during the crystallization of the salts, which is reinjected in enclosure 6 by a power supply 22 connected to the network 38; so installation 2 does not reject any liquid effluent.
- the heat exchanger 400 is capable of producing a heat exchange between the hot fumes leaving in 302 the heater 300 and the purified fumes having passed through filter 200, before release into the atmosphere of the latter.
- This 400 heat exchanger allows on the one hand to avoid temperature fluctuations risking damage the filter 200 located downstream of the heater 300 and on the other hand avoids the formation of a white plume during rejection, by a chimney, purified smoke in the atmosphere.
- the filter 200 adapted to retain the solid particles conveyed in smoke, is an absolute filter, for example a very high efficiency filter two floors. Solid particles, almost free of heavy metals radioactive, retained by the filter 200 are recovered in 201 and are advantageously returned to the incinerator 3 to be melted and vitrified. Thanks to the heater 300, the solid particles which reach the filter 200 are no longer wet, which prevents clogging of this latest.
- the purified fumes are preferably sent to a desulphurization unit 500 receiving water at 501 recycled from distribution network 38, and in 502 from additives basic, for example soda, in a manner known per se, to form a basic washing solution.
- the purified fumes leave in 503 the unit of desulfurization 500 to the exchanger 400 to be rejected by a fan 505 in the atmosphere after crossing it while a purge of deconcentration of the basic washing solution is conveyed in 504 to the processing unit 30.
- the condenser 100 includes a heat exchanger 106 capable of cooling by contact with the surface of the latter fumes.
- a mixing condenser comprising a spray column 7 in which fumes are sent in direct contact with an aqueous solution dispersed, the temperature of which is kept below the temperature of dew of the fumes, so that heavy metals are extracted from the fumes by condensation by mixing, at the same time as the capture of pollutants acids and soluble solid particles contained in the fumes.
- aqueous solution 8 initially originating from the distribution 38 and whose temperature is kept below the dew point temperature is sprayed in column 7 against the current fumes. More specifically, the aqueous solution 8 is sprayed with means of nozzles 9 arranged in a staggered manner to create sheets of liquid in column 7, in a manner known per se.
- the nozzles 9 are supplied by a supply circuit 12 comprising a pump 11 for withdrawing at 10 the aqueous solution at the base of the column 7 and a heat exchanger 13 located downstream of the pump 11. Valves 14 are placed in series with the nozzles 9 so as to adjust the flow of each of them at the desired value.
- the heat exchanger 13 is adapted to carry out an exchange of heat between the aqueous solution circulating in the supply circuit 12 and water from a secondary cooling circuit 15, the temperature of which is of course lower than the desired temperature for the solution aqueous to spray.
- Column 7 is equipped, in a manner known per se, at its upper part, of a demister 20 intended to retain the droplets of liquid entrained by the fumes leaving it at 21. This demister 20 is cleaned, when the pressure drop across it exceeds a threshold given, by precipitation of water by means of a nozzle 41, connected by through a valve 42, to the distribution network 38.
- the cooling enclosure 6 allows the use, for the construction of column 7, of a temperature resistance material less than that required for enclosure 6, subject to smoke from higher temperature. The overall cost of the installation is thus reduced.
- a aqueous solution is sprayed into enclosure 6 using one or more several nozzles 16.
- these nozzles 16 are supplied by a circuit 29 comprising a pump 17 for withdrawing the aqueous solution 8 of column 7 at the bottom thereof at 18, at a point located at the bottom of column 7, below the level of sampling point 10 above, so as to cause the solid residues accumulated at the bottom of the column 7.
- a clarifier 45 is placed upstream of the pump 17 to recover these solid residues at 46, which are returned to the incinerator 3 to be melted and vitrified.
- the cooled fumes leave in 19 the enclosure 6, with the solution sprayed by the nozzles 16, to unblock tangentially in column 7 under the nozzles 9.
- the aqueous solution 8 circulates for the most part in circuit closed.
- a purge circuit 23 makes it possible to overflow withdrawals when the concentration of radioactive heavy metals or other pollutants extracted from the fumes is high, and the water supply recycled 22 makes it possible to rescue the supply of the nozzles 16 if necessary.
- This supply 22, connected on one side to the distribution network 38, is connects the other, via a valve 24, at a point 25 located on the circuit 23 upstream of the nozzles 16 and isolated from the pump 17 by a valve non-return 26.
- the purge circuit 23, opening into column 7 above the level of the sampling points 10 and 18, makes it possible to carry out extraction of acid pollutants and heavy metals extracted from the fumes, as well as the case may be hydrocarbons and suspended solids.
- the nozzle 41 is supplied with recycled water from the supply network 38 for compensate for the losses in aqueous solution in column 7, in particular in the case where the quantities drawn are greater than the quantity of steam of water, contained in the fumes, which is condensed.
- the bottom of the column, steep, is fitted with a ramp 27, supplied via a valve 28 in low pressure compressed air to agitate the aqueous solution 8 before the start of the installation.
- the invention makes it possible to effectively eliminate the acid pollutants, solid particles and radioactive heavy metals in minimizing the amount of radioactive solid residue resulting from treatment fumes.
- the cooler-condenser entirely in column 7, the first stage thereof then playing the same role as the cooling enclosure 6.
- the desulfurization unit in the upper part of the spraying column 7, then equipped with a smoke separation tray and basic washing solution.
- the counter-current spray column 7 can be replaced by a co-current spray column.
- the installation according to the invention also advantageously reduces the risks of pollution transfer by avoiding the discharge of liquid effluent, thanks to the crystallization unit 36 which makes it possible to recover water at recycle and to the heater 300 which eliminates excess water, under form of vapor in the atmosphere.
- the rapid cooling of the fumes in the enclosure cooling 6 prevents adsorption of radioactive heavy metals on solid particles and the formation of organic pollutants such as dioxins or furans.
- the installation also has a high yield for the capture of pollutants such as gaseous mercury, due to the low condenser-cooler flue gas outlet temperature, typically of the order of 30 ° C.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Description
- un refroidisseur-condenseur apte à refroidir les fumées à une température inférieure à leur température de rosée, de manière à capter les métaux lourds radioactifs dans les condensats en même temps que les polluants acides et que des particules solides solubles contenues dans les fumées,
- un réchauffeur pour élever la température des fumées à leur sortie du refroidisseur-condenseur, de manière à éviter notamment le rejet d'effluent liquide par l'installation,
- un filtre pour récupérer les particules solides en aval du réchauffeur, avant le rejet des fumées épurées dans l'atmosphère,
- une unité de traitement des condensats, apte à précipiter les métaux lourds radioactifs pour récupérer un précipitat radioactif et une solution aqueuse, et
- une unité de cristallisation pour cristalliser des sels contenus dans ladite solution aqueuse et récupérer de l'eau à recycler dans l'installation.
- la figure 1 est une vue d'ensemble d'une installation d'épuration équipée d'un condenseur par surface, conformément à une première réalisation de l'invention,
- la figure 2 est une vue d'ensemble d'une installation d'épuration équipée d'un condenseur par mélange, conformément à une deuxième réalisation de l'invention, et
- la figure 3 montre de façon détaillée le refroidisseur-condenseur correspondant à la réalisation de la figure 2.
Claims (10)
- Procédé d'épuration de fumées (1) issues d'un incinérateur (3) de déchets faiblement radioactifs, ces fumées contenant de la vapeur d'eau, des polluants acides, des particules solides et des métaux lourds radioactifs, le procédé comportant une étape de refroidissement des fumées et une étape de filtration des fumées, caractérisé en ce que le refroidissement des fumées s'effectue avant filtration ou collecte des particules solides, dans un refroidisseur-condenseur (6, 100 ; 6, 7) en dessous de leur point de rosée pour capter les métaux lourds radioactifs dans les condensats en même temps que les polluants acides et que des particules solubles contenues dans les fumées, en ce que les condensats sont traités pour précipiter les métaux lourds radioactifs et récupérer une solution aqueuse qui est envoyée vers une unité de cristallisation (36), afin de récupérer des sels et de l'eau, en ce que les fumées issues du refroidisseur-condenseur sont réchauffées puis envoyées dans un filtre absolu (200) apte à récupérer les particules solides avant le rejet des fumées épurées dans l'atmosphère, l'eau provenant de ladite unité de cristallisation étant recyclée dans l'installation.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le refroidissement des fumées (1) s'effectue par contact avec une solution aqueuse dispersée dans une enceinte de refroidissement (6) jusqu'à une température proche de leur température de rosée, puis par contact avec un échangeur de chaleur à condensation (106) jusqu'à une température inférieure à leur température de rosée.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le refroidissement des fumées (1) s'effectue par contact avec une solution aqueuse dispersée dans une enceinte de refroidissement (6) jusqu'à une température proche de leur température de rosée, puis par contact direct des fumées avec une solution aqueuse dispersée dans une colonne à pulvérisation (7) et maintenue, grâce à un échangeur de chaleur (13), à une température inférieure à ladite température de rosée des fumées, de sorte que les métaux lourds sont extraits des fumées par condensation par mélange en même temps que la captation des polluants acides et de particules solubles contenues dans les fumées.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les fumées épurées (503), préalablement à leur rejet dans l'atmosphère, sont réchauffées par les fumées chaudes envoyées dans le filtre (200).
- Installation (2) d'épuration de fumées (1) issues d'un incinérateur (3) de déchets faiblement radioactifs selon le procédé de la revendication 1, ces fumées contenant de la vapeur d'eau, des polluants acides, des particules solides et des métaux lourds radioactifs, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte :un refroidisseur-condenseur (6, 100 ; 6, 7) apte à refroidir les fumées avant filtration ou collecte des particules solides à une température inférieure à leur température de rosée, de manière à capter les métaux lourds radioactifs dans les condensats en même temps que les polluants acides et que des particules solides solubles contenues dans les fumées,une unité de traitement (30) des condensats, apte à précipiter les métaux lourds radioactifs pour récupérer un précipitat radioactif et une solution aqueuse,une unité de cristallisation (36) des sels pour cristalliser des sels contenus dans ladite solution aqueuse et récupérer de l'eau à recycler dans l'installation (2),un réchauffeur (300) pour élever la température des fumées à leur sortie du refroidisseur-condenseur, etun filtre absolu (200) pour récupérer les particules solides en aval du réchauffeur avant le rejet des fumées épurées dans l'atmosphère.
- Installation (2) selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que le refroidisseur-condenseur comprend une colonne à pulvérisation (7) dans laquelle sont envoyées les fumées, et des moyens (11,12,14,9) pour prélever une solution aqueuse à la base de la colonne et la réinjecter, après refroidissement dans un échangeur de chaleur (13), dans celle-ci au contact des fumées à une température inférieure à la température de rosée de ces dernières, de sorte que les métaux lourds radioactifs sont extraits des fumées par condensation par mélange en même temps que la captation des polluants acides et de particules solubles contenues dans les fumées.
- Installation (2) selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte en outre une enceinte de refroidissement (6) des fumées, traversée par ces dernières avant leur envoi dans la colonne (7), et des moyens (29) pour pulvériser dans ladite enceinte une solution aqueuse prélevée dans le fond de la colonne (7), et en ce que la solution aqueuse ainsi pulvérisée quitte l'enceinte de refroidissement avec les fumées.
- Installation selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que la solution aqueuse pulvérisée dans ladite enceinte (6) est prélevée dans le fond de la colonne (7), en un point de prélèvement (18) situé en deçà du niveau du point de prélèvement (10) de la solution aqueuse (8) pulvérisée dans la colonne (7), et passe au travers d'un clarificateur (45) destiné à évacuer des résidus solides contenus dans les fumées.
- Installation (2) selon l'une des revendications 5 à 8, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte un échangeur de chaleur (400) apte à réchauffer les fumées épurées avant leur rejet dans l'atmosphère par échange de chaleur avec les fumées chaudes envoyées dans le filtre (200).
- Installation selon l'une des revendications 5 à 9, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une installation de désulfuration (500) en aval du filtre (200).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9402924 | 1994-03-14 | ||
FR9402924A FR2717297B1 (fr) | 1994-03-14 | 1994-03-14 | Procédé et installation d'épuration de fumées issues de l'incinération de déchets faiblement radioactifs. |
PCT/FR1995/000300 WO1995025332A1 (fr) | 1994-03-14 | 1995-03-14 | Procede et installation d'epuration de fumees issues de l'incineration de dechets faiblement radioactifs |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0750784A1 EP0750784A1 (fr) | 1997-01-02 |
EP0750784B1 true EP0750784B1 (fr) | 1998-12-09 |
Family
ID=9460994
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95912311A Expired - Lifetime EP0750784B1 (fr) | 1994-03-14 | 1995-03-14 | Procede et installation d'epuration de fumees issues de l'incineration de dechets faiblement radioactifs |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5771473A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0750784B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH09510295A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1146254A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU1954095A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69506529T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2717297B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1995025332A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN1098526C (zh) * | 1999-04-30 | 2003-01-08 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | 放射性可燃废物焚烧处理方法及其专用设备 |
RU2505341C1 (ru) * | 2012-06-15 | 2014-01-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "НПО Пылеочистка" | Способ очистки газов |
CN103070445A (zh) * | 2013-01-18 | 2013-05-01 | 山东鲁丰食品科技股份有限公司 | 一种红枣饮料 |
KR101296243B1 (ko) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-08-13 | 이성헌 | 공기 정화용 습식 집진장치 |
JP6115959B2 (ja) | 2013-12-11 | 2017-04-19 | 株式会社フィルテック | 流体熱交換装置 |
CN104733067B (zh) * | 2015-03-12 | 2017-06-16 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | 一种放射性混杂有机废液热处理系统的进料装置及方法 |
KR102006385B1 (ko) * | 2018-04-20 | 2019-08-01 | 주식회사 진우이앤티 | 열회수장치 및 공기정화장치가 내장된 일체형 리플로우 시스템 |
CN109300564B (zh) * | 2018-09-20 | 2022-11-18 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | 一种模拟蒸汽堵塞和腐蚀过滤器的装置和方法 |
JP7178335B2 (ja) * | 2019-08-28 | 2022-11-25 | 日立Geニュークリア・エナジー株式会社 | ガス処理システム |
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JPS565960B2 (fr) * | 1972-12-27 | 1981-02-07 | ||
GB1594370A (en) * | 1977-11-08 | 1981-07-30 | Energy Inc | Treatment of waste |
US4666490A (en) * | 1986-02-12 | 1987-05-19 | Drake Ronald N | Aqueous waste vitrification process and apparatus |
DE3639289A1 (de) * | 1986-11-17 | 1988-05-26 | Joachim Prof Dr In Tischendorf | Luftreinigungsverfahren |
JPH071320B2 (ja) * | 1987-09-01 | 1995-01-11 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 放射性廃棄物の処理方法 |
-
1994
- 1994-03-14 FR FR9402924A patent/FR2717297B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-03-14 WO PCT/FR1995/000300 patent/WO1995025332A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1995-03-14 JP JP7523882A patent/JPH09510295A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1995-03-14 DE DE69506529T patent/DE69506529T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-03-14 US US08/716,157 patent/US5771473A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-03-14 CN CN95192580A patent/CN1146254A/zh active Pending
- 1995-03-14 EP EP95912311A patent/EP0750784B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-14 AU AU19540/95A patent/AU1954095A/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0750784A1 (fr) | 1997-01-02 |
US5771473A (en) | 1998-06-23 |
DE69506529T2 (de) | 1999-06-02 |
AU1954095A (en) | 1995-10-03 |
JPH09510295A (ja) | 1997-10-14 |
CN1146254A (zh) | 1997-03-26 |
WO1995025332A1 (fr) | 1995-09-21 |
FR2717297A1 (fr) | 1995-09-15 |
DE69506529D1 (de) | 1999-01-21 |
FR2717297B1 (fr) | 1996-05-31 |
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