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EP0747651B1 - Geschützerverschluss mit bewegbaren Keilverschlussstück und Geschütz mit einem solchen Verschluss - Google Patents

Geschützerverschluss mit bewegbaren Keilverschlussstück und Geschütz mit einem solchen Verschluss Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0747651B1
EP0747651B1 EP95401098A EP95401098A EP0747651B1 EP 0747651 B1 EP0747651 B1 EP 0747651B1 EP 95401098 A EP95401098 A EP 95401098A EP 95401098 A EP95401098 A EP 95401098A EP 0747651 B1 EP0747651 B1 EP 0747651B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
breech
cheeks
bearing
cannon
axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95401098A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0747651A1 (de
Inventor
Patrick Balbo
Guy Malassenet
Philippe Grelat
Fabienne Mandereau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giat Industries SA
Original Assignee
Giat Industries SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Giat Industries SA filed Critical Giat Industries SA
Priority to EP95401098A priority Critical patent/EP0747651B1/de
Priority to DE1995605951 priority patent/DE69505951T2/de
Publication of EP0747651A1 publication Critical patent/EP0747651A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0747651B1 publication Critical patent/EP0747651B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/02—Block action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being transverse to the barrel axis
    • F41A3/10—Block action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being transverse to the barrel axis with sliding breech-block, e.g. vertically

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cylinder head barrel with a movable breech wedge between the two cheeks of a breech sleeve.
  • the present invention also relates to a barrel comprising such a breech.
  • the The present invention relates to a cannon breech in which the breech corner has on each of its sides opposite the corresponding cheek of the sleeve at at least one support element having at least one combined support surface of a support element complementary to said cheek, and to rely on this conjugate surface to transmit to said cheek the forces generated when firing an ammunition.
  • the breech corner has on its rear side, on each side thereof, a surface substantially perpendicular to the common axis of the tube and cylinder head and which rests on a surface combined support of the corresponding cheek of the sleeve breech.
  • the plane of these surfaces intersects the plane defined by the axis of the tube and by the following horizontal perpendicular to said axis.
  • the pressure supported by the cylinder head wedge generates a load distributed over the front face of the corner whose result is located on the axis of the tube and the cylinder head.
  • This charge is transmitted to the sleeve of cylinder head by the abovementioned bearing surfaces.
  • lateral offset bearing surfaces in relation to the neutral fiber of each of the cheeks induces in each of these a bending torque tending to spread the cheeks apart the other.
  • both cheeks are connected by a prop located in the part lower back of the sleeve. This prop has more function to ensure proper guidance of the ammunition when loading it.
  • This structure has a drawback important: the useful area of support of the corner on the cheek is limited, which limits the efforts that can be transmitted to said cheek and therefore the maximum pressure can be generated in the tube chamber, therefore that the congestion problems do not allow to increase the dimensions of the cheeks, in particular that in the direction of the tube axis.
  • Patent GB-A-2149 published in 1871 is a basis for the preamble of claim 1.
  • This document describes a cannon breech having a wedge sliding between two cheeks, said corner having bearing surfaces sliding on complementary bearing surfaces provided on play.
  • the bearing surfaces are substantially flat and form an angle greater than 90 °.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks known cylinder heads, and to propose a cylinder head of the aforementioned type which has a minimum size so as to allow mounting in reduced spaces, and at the same time capable of withstanding very high pressures such as those envisaged for the new generation of tank artillery.
  • the object of the invention is also to propose means to ensure correct guidance of the ammunition to from the moment we have removed the prop that connects so classic to each other the cheeks of the breech sleeve to the part lower back of it.
  • the subject of the invention is therefore a cannon breech comprising a wedge breech which is movable between the two cheeks of a breech sleeve, the breech corner comprising on each of its sides opposite the corresponding cheek of the sleeve at least two support elements having at least two bearing surfaces facing the rear of the cylinder head and adapted to slide along two mating surfaces at least at least two complementary supporting elements of said cheek, and lean on these conjugate surfaces to transmit to said cheek the forces generated during the firing of a munition, the bearing surfaces of said combined support elements of the corner and the corresponding cheek of the sleeve being oriented in such a way that the plane of each of these surfaces intersects the plane defined by the axis of the tube and by the horizontal along a half-line (D1, D3; D2, D4) stopping at said axis and doing with the semi-axis directed towards the front of the tube an angle (A1, A2) greater than 90 ° characterized in that the angle made by the second bearing surface of the
  • the combustion of the powder in the tube chamber produces gases under very high pressure which exert on the front face of the cylinder head a distributed load, the result of which is located on the axis of the tube.
  • the orientation of the bearing surfaces respective of the breech wedge and the cheeks of the sleeve breaks down this charge in a main component directed substantially in direction of the tube axis and into a complementary component which is perpendicular to the previous one, and which creates an effort which opposes the bending force of the cheeks of the sleeve towards the outside induced by the offset of the support surface of each cheek relative to the fiber neutral of the latter.
  • the cylinder head according to the invention can thus withstand very high pressures. while maintaining a very simple structure without prop, so easy to machine and relatively inexpensive, and remaining inexpensive cumbersome.
  • the bending force directed inwards at this level second surface (back) is thus more important than that exerted on the first surface, and corresponds to the higher value of the outward bending force exerted on this same second area.
  • the distance between the two bearing surfaces on one side of the cylinder head corner is slightly greater than the distance between the two mating surfaces corresponding to the affected cheek.
  • the second bearing surfaces of the corner located at the back of it are, at rest, only in contact with the mating surfaces respective cheeks of the sleeve, a predetermined clearance then existing between the corner bearing surfaces located at the front of it and the respective conjugate bearing surfaces of the cheeks of the sleeve.
  • the game corresponds to a predetermined fraction of the elongation of cheeks of the sleeve in the direction of the axis of the tube during the start of a ammunition.
  • the cylinder head further comprises an ammunition guide element located between the two cheeks of the cylinder head sleeve.
  • the ammunition guide element is fixed to at least one of the cheeks or at the breech corner.
  • the cylinder head 1 of the barrel is seen in perspective from a point located on the back, above and on the left side of it.
  • the opening 2 of the cylinder head 1 is adapted to receive by screwing a barrel tube shown diagrammatically at 40 (figures 2 and 4).
  • the barrel 1 has so classic a breech wedge 3 which is movable between the two cheeks 4, 5 of a cylinder head sleeve 6.
  • the wedge of cylinder head 3 is adapted to slide substantially along a plane perpendicular to the axis of the tube, between a open position, shown in the figure, in which the corner 3 releases the opening 2 of the cylinder head 1 to allow the introduction of non-ammunition shown, and a high position not shown in which said corner 3 closes the opening 2 itself already closed by the ammunition socket.
  • the cylinder head corner 3 has on each on its sides 7, 8 opposite the cheek 4, 5, corresponding of the sleeve 6, at least one element support 9, 10, 11, 12 having at least one surface support 13, 14, 15, 16 facing rear 17 of the cylinder head 1 and adapted to slide along a surface combined support 18, 19, 20, 21, of a support element complementary 22, 23, 24, 25 of said cheek 4, 5, and lean on this conjugate surface 18, 19, 20, 21, to transmit to said cheek 4, 5, the forces generated when firing an ammunition.
  • the bearing surface 13, 14, 15, 16 of said support element 9, 10, 11, 12 of the corner 3 and the mating surface 18, 19, 20, 21 of the cheek corresponding 4, 5 of the sleeve 6 are oriented such that the plane of each of these surfaces 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21 cut the plane of the figure defined by the axis 26 of the tube and by the horizontal along a half-line D1, D2, D3, D4 stopping at said audit axis 26 and doing with the semi-axis 27 directed towards the front 28 of the cylinder head and towards the front of the tube a angle A1, A2, greater than 90 °.
  • the support elements 9, 10, 11, 12 of corner 3 are constituted by lateral protuberances 9, 10, 11, 12 projecting outward on each side of the corner 3. These protuberances are introduced into slides of complementary shape 22, 23, 24, 25 formed on the opposite faces of the cheeks 4, 5 of the sleeve 6.
  • the lateral protrusions 9, 10, and 11, 12 are symmetrical to each other with respect to the plane vertical passing through the axis 26, and the slides 22, 23 and 24, 25 are symmetrical to each other with respect to on the same level.
  • the cylinder head corner 3 thus presents in front each of the cheeks 4, 5 of the sleeve 6 of the breech first and second bearing surfaces, respectively 13, 15 and 14, 16, adapted to rely on two conjugate bearing surfaces, respectively 18, 20 and 19, 21 of cheeks 4, 5.
  • the angle A2 what do the half-lines D3 and D4 with axis 26, which corresponds to the angle made by the second surfaces support 15, 16 of the corner and 20, 21 of the sleeve 6 located towards the rear 17 of the cylinder head with the vertical plane passing through axis 26, is greater than the angle corresponding A1 that the half-lines make with axis 26 D1 and D2, which corresponds to the angle made by the first bearing surfaces 13, 14 of corner 3 and 18, 19 of the sleeve 6 located towards the front 28 of the cylinder head 1.
  • the bending torque directed towards the axis 26 which acts on the second bearing surfaces (rear) 20, 21 of cheeks 4, 5 is therefore greater than the torque correspondent who works on the first surfaces support (front) 18, 19 of these cheeks. It's easy to determine the angles A1 and A2 so that the ratio between the bending couples is equal to the ratio between the distances from these surfaces to surface 41 of the cylinder head 1 from which the cheeks 4 are formed and 5.
  • the distance between the two bearing surfaces 13, 15 or 14, 16 on either side of corner 3 of cylinder head is slightly greater than the distance between the two conjugate surfaces 18, 20 or 19, 21 corresponding to cheek 4, 5 concerned.
  • This predetermined game corresponds to a fraction predetermined lengthening of cheeks 4, 5 of sleeve 6 in the direction of the axis 26 of the tube during departure of ammunition.
  • the effort longitudinal transmitted by the corner 3 to the surfaces rear support 20, 21 of the cheeks causes a progressive cheek lengthening as increased gas pressure in the chamber of the tube, until the first bearing surfaces (front) 13, 14 from corner 3 come into contact with front support surfaces 18, 19 of the cheeks 4, 5.
  • This prop had as a secondary function that of ensuring good guidance of the ammunition during loading it into the tube.
  • the cylinder head according to the present invention comprises further an ammunition guide member 29, 29a located between the two cheeks 4, 5 of the cylinder head sleeve 6 in the open position of the bolt allowing the introduction of ammunition into the tube.
  • the munition guide element 29 is fixed to at least one, 4, of the cheeks 4, 5 of the sleeve 6.
  • Sa upper surface 30 is located substantially in the extension of the upper surface 31 of the corner 3 when it is in the open position, and has a concave shape which corresponds substantially to the shape concave of the surface 31.
  • the ammunition guide element 29a is fixed to the rear of the breech wedge 3 and moves with this one.
  • Element 29a could obviously be of a single piece with corner 3.
  • Element 29a has like the element 29, the aforementioned upper surface 30.
  • the breech wedge 3 is also guided in its front part compared to cheeks 4, 5 of sleeve 6.
  • the protrusions 9 and 10 also have sliding surfaces facing forward and substantially parallel to the plane perpendicular to the axis 26: these sliding surfaces 36, 37 slide with a adequate clearance along the mating surfaces 38, 39 of cheeks 4, 5.
  • a cylinder head structure simple and economical without prop, which allows substantially suppress the bending torque tending to spread cheeks apart when firing a ammunition, and extend the life of the cylinder head.
  • This cylinder head is capable, with only one bearing surface on either side of the corner of transmit the forces to the cheeks 4, 5 of the sleeve longitudinal corresponding to conventional pressures damage in the tube chamber when firing a ammunition. With two bearing surfaces on either side from the corner, such a cylinder head is capable of collecting and to transmit the efforts corresponding to the pressures new generation tank artillery.
  • the bearing surfaces may not be planes, or may correspond to non-planes perpendicular to axis 26 in order to exert an effect of wedge of the cylinder head against the opening of the tube.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Kanonengeschützverschluß (1) mit einem Verschlußkeil (3), der zwischen den beiden Backen (4, 5) einer Verschlußmuffe (6) beweglich ist und auf jeder seiner Seiten (7, 8) gegenüber der entsprechenden Backe (4, 5) der Muffe (6) mindestens zwei Auflageelemente (9, 11; 10, 12) umfaßt mit mindestens zwei Auflageoberflächen (13, 15; 14, 16), die zur Rückseite (17) des Geschützverschlusses (1) zeigen und sich dazu eignen, entlang der beiden dazugehörenden Auflageoberflächen (18, 20; 19, 21) von mindestens zwei ergänzenden Auflageelementen (22, 24; 23, 25) der besagten Backe (4, 5) zu gleiten und sich auf diese dazugehörenden Oberflächen (18, 20; 19, 21) zu stützen, um auf besagte Backe (4, 5) die Kräfte zu übertragen, die beim Abschießen einer Munition erzeugt werden, wobei die Auflageoberflächen (13, 15; 14, 16) der besagten dazugehörenden Auflageelemente (18, 20; 19, 21) des Keils und der entsprechenden Backe (4, 5) der Muffe (6) so gerichtet sind, daß die Ebene jeder dieser Oberflächen (13, 15; 14, 16; 18, 20; 19, 21) die Ebene schneidet, die von der Achse (26) des Rohrs (40) und der Horizontalen gemäß einer halben Geraden (D1, D3; D2, D4), die an besagter Achse (26) endet und mit der halben Achse (27), die zur Vorderseite des Rohrs (40) gerichtet ist, einen Winkel (Al, A2) von über 90° bildet, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß der Winkel (A2), den die zweite Auflageoberfläche (15, 16) des Keils (3) auf der Rückseite (17) des Geschützverschlusses (1) mit der halben Achse (27), die zur Vorderseite des Rohrs gerichtet ist, bildet, größer ist als der entsprechende Winkel (A1) der ersten Auflageoberfläche (13, 14) des Keils (3),die zur Vorderseite des Geschützverschlusses (1) gerichtet ist.
  2. Kanonengeschützverschluß gemäß dem Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß der Abstand zwischen den beiden Auflageoberflächen (13, 15; 14, 16) auf einer Seite des Verschlußkeils (3) leicht größer ist als der Abstand zwischen den beiden dazugehörenden entsprechenden Oberflächen (18, 20; 19 21) der betroffenen Backe (4, 5).
  3. Kanonengeschützverschluß gemäß dem Anspruch 2, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß in der Ruhestellung nur die zweiten Auflageoberflächen (15, 16) des Keils (3) auf der Rückseite des Keils mit den jeweiligen dazugehörenden Oberflächen (20, 21) der Backen (4, 5) der Muffe (6) in Berührung sind, weil zwischen den Auflageoberflächen (13, 14) des Keils (3) auf der Vorderseite des Keils und den entsprechenden dazugehörenden Auflageoberflächen (18, 19) der Backen (4, 5) der Muffe (6) ein Spiel besteht.
  4. Geschützverschluß gemäß dem Anspruch 3, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß besagtes Spiel einem vorausbestimmten Bruchteil der Dehnung der Backen (4, 5) der Muffe (6) in Richtung der Achse (26) des Rohrs beim Abschießen einer Munition entspricht.
  5. Kanonengeschützverschluß gemäß einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß er außerdem ein Munitionsführungselement (29, 29a) zwischen den beiden Backen (4, 5) der Verschlußmuffe (6) aufweist.
  6. Kanonengeschützverschluß gemäß dem Anspruch 5, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß das Munitionsführungselement (29) auf mindestens (4) einer der Backen (4, 5) befestigt ist.
  7. Kanonengeschützverschluß gemäß dem Anspruch 5, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß das Munitionsführungselement (29a) auf dem Verschlußkeil (3) befestigt ist.
  8. Kanone mit einem Geschützverschluß gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7.
EP95401098A 1995-05-11 1995-05-11 Geschützerverschluss mit bewegbaren Keilverschlussstück und Geschütz mit einem solchen Verschluss Expired - Lifetime EP0747651B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP95401098A EP0747651B1 (de) 1995-05-11 1995-05-11 Geschützerverschluss mit bewegbaren Keilverschlussstück und Geschütz mit einem solchen Verschluss
DE1995605951 DE69505951T2 (de) 1995-05-11 1995-05-11 Geschützerverschluss mit bewegbaren Keilverschlussstück und Geschütz mit einem solchen Verschluss

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP95401098A EP0747651B1 (de) 1995-05-11 1995-05-11 Geschützerverschluss mit bewegbaren Keilverschlussstück und Geschütz mit einem solchen Verschluss

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0747651A1 EP0747651A1 (de) 1996-12-11
EP0747651B1 true EP0747651B1 (de) 1998-11-11

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EP95401098A Expired - Lifetime EP0747651B1 (de) 1995-05-11 1995-05-11 Geschützerverschluss mit bewegbaren Keilverschlussstück und Geschütz mit einem solchen Verschluss

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EP (1) EP0747651B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69505951T2 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009011939A1 (de) 2009-03-10 2010-09-16 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Verriegelungsvorrichtung für einen Verschluss
RU2678934C1 (ru) * 2018-04-17 2019-02-04 Акционерное общество "Завод N9" (АО "Завод N9") Затвор артиллерийского орудия

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3109815B1 (fr) 2020-05-04 2023-03-24 Nexter Systems Dispositif de guidage compact d'une masse reculante
FR3109816B1 (fr) 2020-05-04 2023-03-10 Nexter Systems Dispositif de guidage d'une masse reculante par un organe d'un lien élastique

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB189502149A (en) * 1895-01-31 1895-03-02 Max Dussel Improvements in the Manufacture of Cigars.

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE242131C (de) * 1910-09-09
GB127893A (en) * 1917-06-15 1919-06-19 Arthur Trevor Dawson Improvements in or relating to Ordnance Breech Mechanism.
US5014592A (en) * 1990-01-02 1991-05-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Multi-lug breech mechanism

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB189502149A (en) * 1895-01-31 1895-03-02 Max Dussel Improvements in the Manufacture of Cigars.

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009011939A1 (de) 2009-03-10 2010-09-16 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Verriegelungsvorrichtung für einen Verschluss
RU2678934C1 (ru) * 2018-04-17 2019-02-04 Акционерное общество "Завод N9" (АО "Завод N9") Затвор артиллерийского орудия

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69505951T2 (de) 1999-04-15
DE69505951D1 (de) 1998-12-17
EP0747651A1 (de) 1996-12-11

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