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EP0736885B1 - Material for electric contacts of silver with carbon - Google Patents

Material for electric contacts of silver with carbon Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0736885B1
EP0736885B1 EP96100479A EP96100479A EP0736885B1 EP 0736885 B1 EP0736885 B1 EP 0736885B1 EP 96100479 A EP96100479 A EP 96100479A EP 96100479 A EP96100479 A EP 96100479A EP 0736885 B1 EP0736885 B1 EP 0736885B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
silver
carbon
primary particle
particle size
graphite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96100479A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0736885A3 (en
EP0736885A2 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Dr. Weise
Roger Wolmer
Peter Dr. Braumann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Umicore AG and Co KG
Original Assignee
DMC2 Degussa Metals Catalysts Cerdec AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DMC2 Degussa Metals Catalysts Cerdec AG filed Critical DMC2 Degussa Metals Catalysts Cerdec AG
Publication of EP0736885A2 publication Critical patent/EP0736885A2/en
Publication of EP0736885A3 publication Critical patent/EP0736885A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0736885B1 publication Critical patent/EP0736885B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/027—Composite material containing carbon particles or fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0466—Alloys based on noble metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
    • C22C5/06—Alloys based on silver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • H01H11/048—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by powder-metallurgical processes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2300/00—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to electric switches, relays, selectors or emergency protective devices covered by H01H
    • H01H2300/036—Application nanoparticles, e.g. nanotubes, integrated in switch components, e.g. contacts, the switch itself being clearly of a different scale, e.g. greater than nanoscale

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a material for electrical Contacts consisting of a mixture of silver, a silver alloy or a silver composite material with 0.05 to 7% by weight Carbon that is cold isostatically pressed and sintered.
  • the US-PS 2,319,240 describes a silver-carbon material for electrical contacts, except for graphite other carbon can also be used. About the Type of carbon and the size of this No information is given on carbon particles. The These materials are produced by mixing corresponding powder, pressing the powder into one Semi-finished products and sintering.
  • Carbon blacks with primary particle sizes below 25 nm or between 10 and 100 nm are from DE-PS 23 57 524 and from Font "Electrically conductive plastics", Carl Hauser Verlag, Kunststoff, 1986, pages 55-61.
  • This object is achieved in that the Carbon only in the form of soot with a mean primary particle size of less than 150 nanometers the silver, silver alloy or Silver composite powder is added.
  • the average primary particle size of the is preferably soot used at less than 100 nanometers.
  • soot can also be added Burning behavior of, for example, AgNi and AgCuO composites be improved.
  • the contact pieces produced according to Examples 1 to 3 were tested in a model test bench at 100 A in their Burning behavior and at 1000 A in their welding power with the same composition of silver graphite tools compared, which instead of carbon black graphite powder or Graphite powder and graphite fibers included.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)

Abstract

Contacts consist of Ag, Ag alloy or a composite Ag material with 0.05 - 7 wt.% C, added exclusively in the form of soot with a mean primary particle size of less than 150 nanometre to the Ag, Ag alloy or composite Ag material powder for cold isostatic pressing and sintering. Pref. mean primary particle size is less than 100 nanometre, E.g., the sintered material, processed under protective gas, is cut to shape and burned in air or O2 to produce a solderable and weldable coating.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Werkstoff für elektrische Kontakte, bestehend aus einem Gemisch aus Silber, einer Silberlegierung oder einem Silberverbundwerkstoff mit 0,05 bis 7 Gew.% Kohlenstoff, das kaltisostatisch gepresst und gesintert ist.The invention relates to a material for electrical Contacts consisting of a mixture of silver, a silver alloy or a silver composite material with 0.05 to 7% by weight Carbon that is cold isostatically pressed and sintered.

Kontaktwerkstoffe auf der Basis von Silber mit einigen Gewichtsprozenten Kohlenstoff in Form von Graphit haben in der Niederspannungs-Energietechnik weite Verbreitung gefunden. In Schutzschaltern bieten Kontakte aus Silber-Graphit eine hohe Sicherheit gegen Verschweißungen. Nachteilig ist jedoch ein hoher Abbrand und eine schlechte Lichtbogenableitung.Contact materials based on silver with some Weight percent carbon in the form of graphite have in of low-voltage power engineering widespread found. In circuit breakers offer contacts made of silver graphite high security against welding. However, a disadvantage is a high burn and a bad one Arc discharge.

Es gab daher viele Versuche, durch weitere Zusätze zu Silber-Graphit die Abbrandfestigkeit dieses Kontaktwerkstoffs zu erhöhen. Verbesserungen erreicht man beispielsweise durch den Einbau von Kohlenstoff- bzw. Graphitfäden in den Werkstoff. So wird in der PCT-Anmeldung WO-92/18995-A1 ein Silber-Kohlenstoff-Verbundwerkstoff für elektrische Kontakte der eingangs genannt Art beschrieben, der neben Graphitpulver noch Kohlenstoffasern enthält, wobei die Länge der Kohlenstoffasern mehr als doppelt so lang sein müssen als der Durchmesser der Graphitteilchen, die einen mittleren Teilchendurchmesser von 0,2 bis 40 µm besitzen sollen. Dabei wird erwähnt, daß als pulverförmiger Kohlenstoff auch Ruß eingesetzt werden kann. Am günstigsten soll sich jedoch ein Werkstoff verhalten, bei dem sowohl das Kohlenstoffpulver als auch die Kohlenstoffasern aus Graphit bestehen.There have therefore been many attempts to add more Silver graphite the burn-off resistance of this Increase contact material. You can achieve improvements for example by installing carbon or Graphite threads in the material. So in the PCT registration WO-92/18995-A1 a silver-carbon composite material for Electrical contacts of the type described above, in addition to graphite powder still contains carbon fibers, the length of the Carbon fibers must be more than twice as long the diameter of the graphite particles, which is an average Should have particle diameters of 0.2 to 40 µm. It is mentioned that also as powdered carbon Carbon black can be used. However, the cheapest is said to be behave a material in which both Carbon powder as well as the graphite carbon fibers consist.

Die Herstellung dieser Werkstoffe ist durch die Verwendung von Kohlenstoffasern relativ teuer. Außerdem zeigen die Werkstoffe wegen der unterschiedlichen Partikelgrößen von Pulver und Faser ein ungleichmäßiger Ausbrennverhalten, was die Lebensdauer der Kontaktstücke verkürzt.The manufacture of these materials is through use of carbon fibers is relatively expensive. They also show Materials because of the different particle sizes of Powder and fiber have an uneven burnout behavior, what shortens the life of the contact pieces.

Die US-PS 2,319,240 beschreibt einen Silber-Kohlenstoff-Werkstoff für elektrische Kontakte, bei dem außer Graphit auch anderer Kohlenstoff verwendet werden kann. Über die Art des Kohlenstoffs und die Größe dieser Kohlenstoffteilchen werden keine Angaben gemacht. Die Herstellung dieser Werkstoffe erfolgt durch Vermischen entsprechender Pulver, Pressen des Pulvers zu einem Halbzeug und Sintern.The US-PS 2,319,240 describes a silver-carbon material for electrical contacts, except for graphite other carbon can also be used. About the Type of carbon and the size of this No information is given on carbon particles. The These materials are produced by mixing corresponding powder, pressing the powder into one Semi-finished products and sintering.

Ruße mit Primärteilchengrößen unterhalb 25 nm bzw. zwischen 10 und 100 nm sind aus der DE-PS 23 57 524 bzw. aus der Schrift "Elektrisch leitende Kunststoffe", Carl Hauser Verlag, München, 1986, Seite 55-61, bekannt.Carbon blacks with primary particle sizes below 25 nm or between 10 and 100 nm are from DE-PS 23 57 524 and from Font "Electrically conductive plastics", Carl Hauser Verlag, Munich, 1986, pages 55-61.

Es war daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Werkstoff für elektrische Kontakte, bestehend aus Silber, einer Silberlegierung oder einem Silberverbundstoff mit 0,05 bis 7 Gew.% Kohlenstoff zu entwickeln, der verbesserte Abbrandeigenschaften bei sehr guter Verschweißsicherheit zeigt.It was therefore an object of the present invention, one Material for electrical contacts, consisting of silver, a silver alloy or a silver composite with Develop 0.05 to 7 wt.% Carbon, the improved Burning properties with very good welding security shows.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der Kohlenstoff ausschließlich in Form von Ruß mit einer mittleren Primärteilchengröße von weniger als 150 Nanometer dem Silber-, Silberlegierungs- oder Silberverbundwerkstoffpulver zugesetzt ist.This object is achieved in that the Carbon only in the form of soot with a mean primary particle size of less than 150 nanometers the silver, silver alloy or Silver composite powder is added.

Vorzugsweise liegt die mittlere Primärteilchengröße des eingesetzten Rußes bei weniger als 100 Nanometer.The average primary particle size of the is preferably soot used at less than 100 nanometers.

Diese Werkstoffe zeigen überraschenderweise gegenüber den bekannten Silber-Kohlenstoff-Kontaktwerkstoffen eine verbesserte Abbrandfestigkeit bei hervorragender Verschweißsicherheit. Ein weiterer Vorteil des Werkstoffes liegt darin, daß er mit vermindertem Kohlenstoffgehalt bessere Werte als Silber-Graphit aufweist und dadurch weniger leitfähige Rückstände beim Schalten hinterläßt.These materials surprisingly show the known silver-carbon contact materials improved burn-off resistance with excellent Welding security. Another advantage of the material is that it has a reduced carbon content has better values than silver graphite and therefore leaves less conductive residues when switching.

Neben Silber kann durch Zusatz von Ruß auch das Abbrandverhalten von beispielsweise AgNi- und AgCuO-Verbundwerkstoffen verbessert werden.In addition to silver, soot can also be added Burning behavior of, for example, AgNi and AgCuO composites be improved.

Folgende Beispiele sollen die Erfindung näher erläutern:

  • 1. Ag-Pulver (<63µm) wird mit Rußpulver einer mittleren Primärteilchengröße von ca. 100 nm in der Zusammensetzung Ag/Ruß-95/5 trocken gemischt und zu einem Strangpreßbolzen kaltisostatisch gepreßt. Nach dem Sintern unter Schutzgas wird der Bolzen zu Profil stranggepreßt. Das Profil wird bis zur gewünschten Endabmessung gewalzt. Von dem Endprofil werden Kontaktstücke abgetrennt, die anschließend zur Erzeugung einer löt- und schweißbaren Schicht in Luft oder Sauerstoffatmosphäre ausgebrannt werden.
  • 2. Ag-Pulver (<63µm) wird mit Rußpulver mit einer mittleren Primärteilchengröße von ca. 100 nm in der Zusammensetzung Ag/Ruß-98/2 trocken gemischt, zu einem Strangpreßbolzen kaltisostatisch gepresst und wie in Beispiel 1 zu Kontaktstücken weiterverarbeitet.
  • 3. Ag-Pulver (<63µm) wird mit Rußpulver mit einer mittleren Primärteilchengröße von ca. 150 nm in der Zusammensetzung Ag/Ruß-98/2 naß in einem Attritor gemischt. Nach dem Trocknen wird die Mischung zu einem Strangpreßbolzen kaltisostatisch gepreßt und wie in Beispiel 1 weiterverarbeitet.
    • The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention:
  • 1. Ag powder (<63 μm) is mixed dry with carbon black powder with an average primary particle size of approximately 100 nm in the composition Ag / carbon black 95/5 and is cold isostatically pressed to form an extrusion billet. After sintering under protective gas, the bolt is extruded into a profile. The profile is rolled to the desired final dimension. Contact pieces are separated from the end profile, which are then burned out in air or an oxygen atmosphere to produce a solderable and weldable layer.
  • 2. Ag powder (<63 μm) is mixed dry with carbon black powder with an average primary particle size of approx. 100 nm in the composition Ag / carbon black 98/2, cold-isostatically pressed into an extrusion billet and, as in Example 1, further processed into contact pieces.
  • 3. Ag powder (<63 μm) is mixed with carbon black powder with an average primary particle size of approximately 150 nm in the composition Ag / carbon black-98/2 wet in an attritor. After drying, the mixture is cold isostatically pressed into an extrusion billet and processed as in Example 1.

    • Die nach Beispiel 1 bis 3 hergestellten Kontaktstücke wurden in einem Modellprüfstand bei 100 A in ihrem Abbrandverhalten und bei 1000 A in ihrer Verschweißkraft mit gleich zusammengesetzten Silber-Graphitwersktoffen verglichen, die anstatt Ruß Graphitpulver bzw. Graphitpulver und Graphitfasern enthielten. The contact pieces produced according to Examples 1 to 3 were tested in a model test bench at 100 A in their Burning behavior and at 1000 A in their welding power with the same composition of silver graphite tools compared, which instead of carbon black graphite powder or Graphite powder and graphite fibers included.

    Die Ergebnisse zeigt folgende Tabelle. Werkstoff Verschweißkraft 95 % Wert in N mittl. Abbrand in mg (100 A) Ag/Ruß 98/2 10 10 Ag/Ruß 95/5 5 30 Ag/Graphit 95/5 15 25 Ag/Graphit/Graphitfasern 95/2,5/2,5 35 15 The results are shown in the following table. material Welding force 95% value in N middle Burn-up in mg (100 A) Ag / carbon black 98/2 10 10 Ag / carbon black 95/5 5 30th Ag / graphite 95/5 15 25th Ag / graphite / graphite fibers 95 / 2.5 / 2.5 35 15

    Claims (2)

    1. Material for electrical contacts, consisting of a mixture of silver, a silver alloy or a silver composite with 0.05 to 7 wt.% carbon, which is cold isostatic pressed and sintered,
      characterised in that
      the carbon is added to the silver, silver alloy or silver composite powder exclusively in the form of carbon black with an average primary particle size of less than 150 nanometers.
    2. Material according to claim 1,
      characterised in that
      the carbon black possesses an average primary particle size of less than 100 nanometers.
    EP96100479A 1995-02-01 1996-01-15 Material for electric contacts of silver with carbon Expired - Lifetime EP0736885B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE19503184A DE19503184C1 (en) 1995-02-01 1995-02-01 Ag-based material for electrical contacts with improved erosion characteristics and resistant to welding
    DE19503184 1995-02-01

    Publications (3)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0736885A2 EP0736885A2 (en) 1996-10-09
    EP0736885A3 EP0736885A3 (en) 1997-10-29
    EP0736885B1 true EP0736885B1 (en) 2001-10-17

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    ID=7752865

    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP96100479A Expired - Lifetime EP0736885B1 (en) 1995-02-01 1996-01-15 Material for electric contacts of silver with carbon

    Country Status (6)

    Country Link
    EP (1) EP0736885B1 (en)
    JP (1) JPH08239724A (en)
    AT (1) ATE207236T1 (en)
    DE (2) DE19503184C1 (en)
    ES (1) ES2165931T3 (en)
    ZA (1) ZA96751B (en)

    Cited By (3)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US7708974B2 (en) 2002-12-10 2010-05-04 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Tungsten comprising nanomaterials and related nanotechnology
    DE102010014745A1 (en) * 2010-01-15 2011-07-21 Tyco Electronics AMP GmbH, 64625 Method for manufacturing switchable, electrical contact member for switching or prominent contacts at e.g. electromagnetic relay, involves accessing contacting area for counter contact, via which material of wire is formed
    US8058337B2 (en) 1996-09-03 2011-11-15 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Conductive nanocomposite films

    Families Citing this family (6)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US5905000A (en) * 1996-09-03 1999-05-18 Nanomaterials Research Corporation Nanostructured ion conducting solid electrolytes
    DE10261303B3 (en) * 2002-12-27 2004-06-24 Wieland-Werke Ag Electrically conducting composite material used in automotive applications as electrical contact components, such as connectors or connections, comprises a metal strip and a contact layer containing carbon powder and a further additive
    EP2413337A4 (en) 2009-03-24 2014-08-20 Almt Corp MATERIAL FOR ELECTRICAL CONTACT
    DE102009018035A1 (en) * 2009-04-18 2010-10-28 Moeller Gmbh Contact arrangement for low-voltage applications
    CN103366975B (en) * 2012-03-30 2017-12-29 施耐德电器工业公司 Silver-based electric contact material
    KR101789300B1 (en) * 2016-09-28 2017-10-23 부경대학교 산학협력단 Method for preparing silver-diamond composites using spark plasma sintering process and silver-diamond composites prepared thereby

    Family Cites Families (5)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US1785618A (en) * 1920-04-09 1930-12-16 Gen Railway Signal Co Copper-carbon contact
    US2319240A (en) * 1940-03-19 1943-05-18 Mallory & Co Inc P R Electric contact and the like
    US2818633A (en) * 1955-03-02 1958-01-07 Gibson Electric Company Electrical contact
    DE2357524C2 (en) * 1973-11-17 1982-04-29 Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Process for the production of reinforcing carbon blacks and carbon blacks with a high degree of fineness and low porosity
    DE4111683A1 (en) * 1991-04-10 1992-10-22 Duerrwaechter E Dr Doduco MATERIAL FOR ELECTRICAL CONTACTS MADE OF SILVER WITH CARBON

    Cited By (5)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US8058337B2 (en) 1996-09-03 2011-11-15 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Conductive nanocomposite films
    US8389603B2 (en) 1996-09-03 2013-03-05 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Thermal nanocomposites
    US7708974B2 (en) 2002-12-10 2010-05-04 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Tungsten comprising nanomaterials and related nanotechnology
    DE102010014745A1 (en) * 2010-01-15 2011-07-21 Tyco Electronics AMP GmbH, 64625 Method for manufacturing switchable, electrical contact member for switching or prominent contacts at e.g. electromagnetic relay, involves accessing contacting area for counter contact, via which material of wire is formed
    DE102010014745B4 (en) * 2010-01-15 2011-09-22 Tyco Electronics Amp Gmbh Electric contact element and method for producing an electrical contact element

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    EP0736885A3 (en) 1997-10-29
    DE19503184C1 (en) 1996-05-02
    ES2165931T3 (en) 2002-04-01
    JPH08239724A (en) 1996-09-17
    ZA96751B (en) 1996-08-29
    ATE207236T1 (en) 2001-11-15
    DE59607910D1 (en) 2001-11-22
    EP0736885A2 (en) 1996-10-09

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