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EP0730090A2 - Fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0730090A2
EP0730090A2 EP95115298A EP95115298A EP0730090A2 EP 0730090 A2 EP0730090 A2 EP 0730090A2 EP 95115298 A EP95115298 A EP 95115298A EP 95115298 A EP95115298 A EP 95115298A EP 0730090 A2 EP0730090 A2 EP 0730090A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
wall
injection
injection channel
valve seat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP95115298A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0730090A3 (en
Inventor
Erguen Dipl.-Ing. Filiz (Fh)
Friedrich Dipl.-Ing. Boecking
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0730090A2 publication Critical patent/EP0730090A2/en
Publication of EP0730090A3 publication Critical patent/EP0730090A3/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1806Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
    • F02M61/1846Dimensional characteristics of discharge orifices

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a piston-shaped valve member is axially displaceably guided in a bore in a valve body, which on the combustion chamber side merges into a blind hole via a conical region.
  • the valve member has at its lower end facing the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine to be supplied a conical sealing surface with which it interacts with a conical valve seat on the conical region of the bore.
  • at least one injection channel leads away from the blind hole or from the conical region of the bore in the valve body downstream of the valve seat.
  • a pressure chamber is provided between the stem of the valve member and the wall of the bore, said pressure chamber being adjacent to the valve seat surface via a pressure channel formed by an annular gap between the valve member and the bore.
  • the valve member also has, in a known manner, a pressure shoulder in the region of the pressure chamber, to which the high-pressure fuel flowing into the pressure chamber acts and thus lifts the valve member from its valve seat against the force of a return spring.
  • the inner end of the injection channel on the known injection valve is funnel-shaped by rounding the transition between the blind hole or conical region to the injection channel with a defined radius, the radius of which extends through the longitudinal axis of the injection channel in this way is that it merges tangentially into an injection jet constriction within the injection channel.
  • An edge remains between the rounded part and the cylindrical part of the injection channel, as well as between the rounded part and the wall of the blind hole or the conical area. This further promotes jet constriction, reduces the flow rate through the injection channel, and disadvantageously reduces the compactness of the emerging fuel jet.
  • the shape of the known injection opening has the disadvantage that it is not suitable for shaping an injection jet which extends far enough into the combustion chamber in order to safely reach distant combustion chamber areas.
  • the fuel injection valve according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1 has the advantage that eddies can be avoided by the edgeless rounding of the inlet areas of the injection channel, so that a uniform injection jet can be formed.
  • the strong rounding of the inlet areas in connection with the maintenance of a small spray hole diameter means that the strong jet impulse of the fuel to be injected from the fuel injection pump is not caused by a sharp deflection or swirling of the jet on sharp edges impaired, so that compared to the known solution, a longer, concentrated injection jet is generated, which allows a much deeper penetration into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine to be supplied. In this way, combustion chamber areas that are structurally far away from the injection point can also be safely reached with fuel, which considerably improves the quality of the combustion process.
  • the flow rate can be increased with the same spray hole cross section and the flow of the fuel flowing through can be shaped more uniformly, which also has a positive effect on the injection jet, since losses due to turbulence can be avoided.
  • the notch effect is reduced by the strong rounding of the spray hole inlet edges, which leads to an increase in the high pressure resistance in the top, blind hole and spray hole area to over 2000 bar.
  • Rounding can e.g. mechanically, hydraulically or electrochemically, this machining additionally leads to an increase in the crest strength, since this removes the edge oxidation in the hard part.
  • a particularly favorable course of the injection jet is achieved if the radius of the curve in the upper inlet area is 0.75 to 1.5 times and the radius of the curve in the lower inlet area is 0.2 to 1.0 times the spray hole diameter.
  • a further improvement in the injection jet shaping described above is achieved if the wall thickness of the valve body, which determines the length of the injection channel, is between 0.6 and 1.4 mm in the region of the injection channel.
  • the measure described for advantageously shaping the longest possible injection jet is possible both on injection valves of the blind-hole type and on injectors of the seat-hole type, the axis of the injection channel in blind-hole nozzles preferably in Direction valve member is tilted from a perpendicular to the wall of the blind hole.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section through the injection valve
  • FIG. 2 shows a first exemplary embodiment in an enlarged detail from FIG. 1, in which the injection valve is designed as a blind hole nozzle
  • FIG. 3 shows a second exemplary embodiment analogous to the illustration in FIG. 2, in which the injection valve is designed as a seat hole nozzle.
  • the fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines shown in FIG. 1 with its components essential to the invention has a cylindrical valve body 1, which projects with its diameter-reduced end into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, not shown.
  • An axial bore 3 is arranged in the valve body 1 and merges into a blind hole 21 in the valve body 1 via a conical region on the combustion chamber side.
  • a piston-shaped valve member 5 is guided axially displaceably in this bore 3 and has a conical sealing surface 7 at its lower end on the combustion chamber side, with which it cooperates with a conical valve seat surface 9 of the valve body 1 formed on part of the conical region.
  • the Valve member 5 has on its shaft a cross-sectional widening forming a pressure shoulder 11, which is followed in the direction facing away from valve sealing surface 7 by an enlarged valve member part, which is sealingly guided on the wall of bore 3.
  • the smaller in diameter part of the valve member shaft extends from the pressure shoulder 11 to the sealing surface 7, an annular gap forming a pressure channel 13 remaining between the wall of the bore 3 and the valve member 5.
  • This pressure channel 13 extends from a pressure space 15 formed by a cross-sectional expansion of the bore 3 in the area of the pressure shoulder 11 to the valve seat 9, a pressure line 17 which can be connected to a high-pressure fuel pump (not shown) opening into the pressure space 15.
  • a return spring 19 is also provided, which acts on the end of the valve member 5 facing away from the combustion chamber and thus keeps the valve sealing surface 7 pressed against the valve seat surface 9.
  • the fuel injection valve is designed as a so-called blind hole nozzle.
  • the closed end of the bore 3 forms the blind hole 21, which adjoins the valve seat surface 9 on the combustion chamber side and whose end on the combustion chamber side is preferably dome-shaped.
  • the wall thickness of the valve body 1, which essentially determines the axial extent of the injection channel 23, in the region of the injection channel 23 is between 0.6 mm and 1.4 mm.
  • the inlet areas of the injection channel 23 leading away from the inner wall of the blind hole 21 are rounded off, the radius RA of the rounding of the inlet area near the valve seat being larger than the radius RB of the rounding of the inlet area facing away from the valve seat 9 .
  • the upper radius RA is 0.75 to 1.5 times and the lower radius RB 0.2 to 1.0 times the diameter D of the injection channel 23. This, both the inner wall of the blind hole 21 and the walls Radii tangent to the injection channel 23 enable the fuel under high pressure to flow optimally into the injection channel 23 while avoiding turbulence that affects jet formation.
  • the fuel injection valve according to the invention works in the following way.
  • the return spring 19 holds the valve member 5, against the standing pressure of the fuel-filled pressure chamber 15, with its sealing surface 7 in contact with the valve seat 9.
  • the pressure chamber 15 For injection at the injection valve, its pressure chamber 15 is pressurized with high fuel pressure via the pressure line 17, the pressure force now acting on the pressure shoulder 11 exceeding the force of the return spring 19 and lifting the valve member 5 from the valve seat 9.
  • the fuel under high pressure passes through the pressure chamber 15 and the pressure channel 13 to the valve seat 9 and, when the valve member 5 is lifted off, flows along this into the blind hole 21.
  • the fuel flows via the rounded inlets into the injection channel 23 and thus passes for injection into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine to be supplied.
  • the inlet areas provided with a radius RA, RB in the injection channel 23 produce a uniform and directed injection jet. Since the largest part of the injection quantity, or the part having the greatest flow velocity, flows over the upper curve close to the valve seat 9, its radius RA is larger than the lower radius RB.
  • valve member 5 is moved back from the return spring 19 to the valve seat 9 in a known manner with the pressure chamber 15 relieved of high pressure.
  • the second exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3 differs from the first exemplary embodiment only in the type of the injection valve, which is designed there as a so-called hole nozzle.
  • the closed end (blind hole 21) of the bore 3 on the combustion chamber side is of hollow-conical design, the conical flanks forming the valve seat surface 9, against which the valve member 5 with its conical sealing surface 7 comes into sealing contact.
  • the injection channel 23 leads away from the valve seat surface 9, so that it is covered by the sealing surface 7 of the valve member 5 in the closed state of the injection valve and is therefore closed.
  • the injection channel 23 is arranged perpendicular to the valve seat surface 9 forming part of the blind hole 21 and, analogously to the first exemplary embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the wall thickness of the valve body 1 in the region of the injection channel 23 is between 0.6 mm and 1.4 mm, analogous to the first.
  • the injection channel 23 of the fuel injection valve according to the invention it is thus possible, compared to known injection valves, to generate a directed injection jet which is not or only slightly swirled when it enters the injection channel, the rounded inlet areas not reducing the effective spray hole length.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The valve has a valve member (5) moving axially in a boring (3) in a valve body (1). The conical valve seal surface (7) meets a conical valve seat surface (9) on the boring connecting to a dead-end cavity (21) on the combustion chamber side. There is a pressure space (15) between the valve member and the boring wall. The injection channel (23) is downstream of the valve seat in the inner wall of the injection valve. The intake zones of the injection channel are rounded. The upper intake zone has a rounding (RA) of greater radius and the lower zone has a rounding of smaller radius. The greater radius is 0.75-1.5 times the dia. (D) of the injection channel, and the lesser one is 0.2-1.0 of the same.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht von einem Kraftstoffeinspritventil für Brennkraftmaschinen nach der Gattung des Patentanspruchs 1 aus. Bei einem aus der EP 0 370 659 bekannten Kraftstoffeinspritzventil ist ein kolbenformiges Ventilglied in einer Bohrung eines Ventilkörpers axial verschiebbar geführt, die brennraumseitig über einen kegelförmigen Bereich in ein Sackloch übergeht. Das Ventilglied weist dabei an seinem unteren, dem Brennraum der zu versorgenden Brennkraftmaschine zugewandten Ende eine konische Dichtfläche auf, mit der es mit einem konischen Ventilsitz am kegelförmigen Bereich der Bohrung zusammenwirkt. Vom Sackloch oder vom kegelförmigen Bereich der Bohrung im Ventilkörper führt stromabwärts des Ventilsitzes je nach Einspritzventilausgestaltung wenigstens ein Einspritzkanal ab. Zwischen dem Schaft des Ventilgliedes und der Wand der Bohrung ist ein Druckkraum vorgesehen, der über einen durch einen Ringspalt zwischen Ventilglied und Bohrung gebildeten Druckkanal an die Ventilsitzfläche angrenzt. Das Ventilglied weist weiterhin in bekannter Weise eine Druckschulter im Bereich des Druckraumes auf, an der der über eine Druckleitung in den Druckraum strömende Kraftstoffhochdruck angreift und so das Ventilglied entgegen der Kraft einer Rückstellfeder von seinem Ventilsitz abhebt.The invention is based on a fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines according to the preamble of claim 1. In a fuel injection valve known from EP 0 370 659, a piston-shaped valve member is axially displaceably guided in a bore in a valve body, which on the combustion chamber side merges into a blind hole via a conical region. The valve member has at its lower end facing the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine to be supplied a conical sealing surface with which it interacts with a conical valve seat on the conical region of the bore. Depending on the injection valve design, at least one injection channel leads away from the blind hole or from the conical region of the bore in the valve body downstream of the valve seat. A pressure chamber is provided between the stem of the valve member and the wall of the bore, said pressure chamber being adjacent to the valve seat surface via a pressure channel formed by an annular gap between the valve member and the bore. The valve member also has, in a known manner, a pressure shoulder in the region of the pressure chamber, to which the high-pressure fuel flowing into the pressure chamber acts and thus lifts the valve member from its valve seat against the force of a return spring.

Für eine Formung des Einspritzstrahls ist das innenliegende Ende des Einspritzkanals am bekannten Einspritzventil trichterförmig ausgebildet, indem der Übergang zwischen dem Sackloch bzw. kegelförmigen Bereich zum Einspritzkanal mit einem festgelegten Radius gerundet wird, wobei dieser sich im Schnitt durch die Längsachse des Einspritzkanals erstreckende Radius so ausgelegt ist, daß er tangential in eine Einspritzstrahleinschnürung innerhalb des Einspritzkanals übergeht. Dabei bleibt eine Kante zwischen dem gerundeten Teil und dem zylindrischen Teil des Einspritzkanals, sowie zwischen dem verrundeten Teil und der Wand des Sackloches bzw. des kegelförmigen Bereiches bestehen. Dies fördert weiterhin eine Strahleinschnürung, vermindert den Durchflußgrad durch den Einspritzkanal und verringert die Kompaktheit des austretenden Kraftstoffstrahls in nachteiliger Weise.For shaping the injection jet, the inner end of the injection channel on the known injection valve is funnel-shaped by rounding the transition between the blind hole or conical region to the injection channel with a defined radius, the radius of which extends through the longitudinal axis of the injection channel in this way is that it merges tangentially into an injection jet constriction within the injection channel. An edge remains between the rounded part and the cylindrical part of the injection channel, as well as between the rounded part and the wall of the blind hole or the conical area. This further promotes jet constriction, reduces the flow rate through the injection channel, and disadvantageously reduces the compactness of the emerging fuel jet.

Weiterhin weist die Form der bekannten Einspritzöffnung den Nachteil auf, daß sie nicht geeignet ist, einen Einspritzstrahl zu formen, der weit genug in den Brennraum hineinreicht um auch entfernte Brennraumbereiche sicher zu erreichen.Furthermore, the shape of the known injection opening has the disadvantage that it is not suitable for shaping an injection jet which extends far enough into the combustion chamber in order to safely reach distant combustion chamber areas.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Das erfindungsgemäße Kraftstoffeinspritzventil mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß durch das kantenlose Abrunden der Einlaufbereiche des Einspritzkanals Verwirbelungen vermieden werden können, so daß sich ein gleichmäßiger Einspritzstrahl bilden kann. Zudem wird durch das starke Abrunden der Einlaufbereiche in Verbindung mit dem Beibehalten eines kleinen Spritzlochdurchmessers der von der Kraftstoffeinspritzpumpe ausgehende starke Strahlimpuls des einzuspritzenden Kraftstoffes nicht durch ein scharfes Umlenken oder Verwirbelungen des Strahls an scharfen Kanten beeinträchtigt, so daß gegenüber der bekannten Lösung ein längerer, gebündelter Einspritzstrahl erzeugt wird, der ein viel tieferes Eindringen in den Brennraum der zu versorgenden Brennkraftmaschine ermöglicht. Auf diese Weise können auch Brennraumbereiche, die konstruktiv bedingt einen weiten Abstand zur Einspritzstelle aufweisen sicher mit Kraftstoff erreicht werden, was die Qualität des Verbrennungsablaufes erheblich verbessert. Zudem kann die Durchflußmenge bei gleichem Spritzlochquerschnitt erhöht und die Strömung des durchfließenden Kraftstoffes gleichmäßiger geformt werden, was sich ebenfalls positiv auf den Einspritzstrahl auswirkt, da Verluste infolge Verwirbelungen vermieden werden können.The fuel injection valve according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1 has the advantage that eddies can be avoided by the edgeless rounding of the inlet areas of the injection channel, so that a uniform injection jet can be formed. In addition, the strong rounding of the inlet areas in connection with the maintenance of a small spray hole diameter means that the strong jet impulse of the fuel to be injected from the fuel injection pump is not caused by a sharp deflection or swirling of the jet on sharp edges impaired, so that compared to the known solution, a longer, concentrated injection jet is generated, which allows a much deeper penetration into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine to be supplied. In this way, combustion chamber areas that are structurally far away from the injection point can also be safely reached with fuel, which considerably improves the quality of the combustion process. In addition, the flow rate can be increased with the same spray hole cross section and the flow of the fuel flowing through can be shaped more uniformly, which also has a positive effect on the injection jet, since losses due to turbulence can be avoided.

Zudem wird durch das starke Verrunden der Spritzlocheinlaufkanten die Kerbwirkung reduziert, was zu einer Steigerung der Hochdruckfestigkeit im Kuppen-, Sackloch- und Spritzlochbereich auf über 2000 bar führt. Das Runden kann dabei z.B. mechanisch, hydraulisch oder elektrochemisch erfolgen, wobei dieses Bearbeiten zusätzlich zu einer Erhöhung der Kuppenfestigkeit führt, da dadurch die Randoxydation im Hartteil entfernt wird.In addition, the notch effect is reduced by the strong rounding of the spray hole inlet edges, which leads to an increase in the high pressure resistance in the top, blind hole and spray hole area to over 2000 bar. Rounding can e.g. mechanically, hydraulically or electrochemically, this machining additionally leads to an increase in the crest strength, since this removes the edge oxidation in the hard part.

Ein besonders günstiger Einspritzstrahlverlauf wird dabei erreicht, wenn der Radius der Rundung im oberen Einlaufbereich das 0,75 bis 1,5 - und der Radius der Rundung im unteren Einlaufbereich das 0,2 bis 1,0 - fache des Spritzlochdurchmessers beträgt.A particularly favorable course of the injection jet is achieved if the radius of the curve in the upper inlet area is 0.75 to 1.5 times and the radius of the curve in the lower inlet area is 0.2 to 1.0 times the spray hole diameter.

Eine weitere Verbesserung der oben beschriebenen Einspritzstrahlformung wird erreicht, wenn die, die Länge des Einspritzkanals bestimmende Wandstärke des Ventilkörpers im Bereich des Einspritzkanals zwischen 0,6 und 1,4 mm liegt.A further improvement in the injection jet shaping described above is achieved if the wall thickness of the valve body, which determines the length of the injection channel, is between 0.6 and 1.4 mm in the region of the injection channel.

Die beschriebene Maßnahme zur vorteilhaften Formung eines möglichst langen Einspritzstrahls ist dabei sowohl an Einspritzventilen der Sacklochdüsenbauart als an Einspritzventilen der Sitzlochdüsenbauart möglich, wobei die Achse des Einspritzkanals bei Sacklochdüsen vorzugsweise in Richtung Ventilglied aus einer Senkrechten zur Wand des Sacklochs gekippt ist.The measure described for advantageously shaping the longest possible injection jet is possible both on injection valves of the blind-hole type and on injectors of the seat-hole type, the axis of the injection channel in blind-hole nozzles preferably in Direction valve member is tilted from a perpendicular to the wall of the blind hole.

Weitere Vorteile und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Gegenstands der Erfindung sind der Beschreibung, der Zeichnung und den Patentansprüchen entnehmbar.Further advantages and advantageous configurations of the subject matter of the invention can be gathered from the description, the drawing and the patent claims.

Zeichnungdrawing

Zwei Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffeinspritzventils für Brennkraftmaschinen sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden im folgenden näher erläutert.Two embodiments of the fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines according to the invention are shown in the drawing and are explained in more detail below.

Es zeigen die Figur 1 einen Schnitt durch das Einspritzventil, die Figur 2 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel in einem vergrößerten Ausschnitt aus der Figur 1, bei dem das Einspritzventil als Sacklochdüse ausgebildet ist und die Figur 3 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel analog zur Darstellung der Figur 2, bei dem das Einspritzventil als Sitzlochdüse ausgebildet ist.FIG. 1 shows a section through the injection valve, FIG. 2 shows a first exemplary embodiment in an enlarged detail from FIG. 1, in which the injection valve is designed as a blind hole nozzle, and FIG. 3 shows a second exemplary embodiment analogous to the illustration in FIG. 2, in which the injection valve is designed as a seat hole nozzle.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments

Das in der Figur 1 mit seinen erfindungswesentlichen Bauteilen dargestellte Kraftstoffeinspritzventil für Brennkraftmaschinen weist einen zylindrischen Ventilkörper 1 auf, der mit seinem im Durchmesser verringerten Ende in den Brennraum einer nicht dargestellten Brennkraftmaschine ragt.The fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines shown in FIG. 1 with its components essential to the invention has a cylindrical valve body 1, which projects with its diameter-reduced end into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, not shown.

Im Ventilkörper 1 ist eine axiale Bohrung 3 angeordnet, die brennraumseitig über einen kegelförmigen Bereich in ein Sackloch 21 im Ventilkörper 1 übergeht. In dieser Bohrung 3 ist ein kolbenförmiges Ventilglied 5 axial verschiebbar geführt ist, das an seinem unteren, brennraumseitigen Ende eine konische Dichtfläche 7 aufweist, mit der es mit einer an einem Teil des kegelförmigen Bereiches gebildeten konischen Ventilsitzfläche 9 des Ventilkörpers 1 zusammenwirkt. Das Ventilglied 5 weist an seinem Schaft eine, eine Druckschulter 11 bildende Querschnittserweiterung auf, an die sich in der der Ventildichtfläche 7 abgewandten Richtung ein im Durchmesser vergrößerter Ventilgliedteil anschließt, der dichtend an der Wand der Bohrung 3 geführt ist. Der im Durchmesser kleinere Teil des Ventilgliedschaftes erstreckt sich von der Druckschulter 11 ausgehend bis an die Dichtfläche 7, wobei zwischen der Wand der Bohrung 3 und dem Ventilglied 5 ein, einen Druckkanal 13 bildender Ringspalt verbleibt. Dieser Druckkanal 13 erstreckt sich von einem durch eine Querschnittserweiterung der Bohrung 3 im Bereich der Druckschulter 11 gebildeten Druckraum 15 bis an den Ventilsitz 9, wobei eine mit einer nicht dargestellten Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpe verbindbare Druckleitung 17 in den Druckraum 15 mündet.An axial bore 3 is arranged in the valve body 1 and merges into a blind hole 21 in the valve body 1 via a conical region on the combustion chamber side. A piston-shaped valve member 5 is guided axially displaceably in this bore 3 and has a conical sealing surface 7 at its lower end on the combustion chamber side, with which it cooperates with a conical valve seat surface 9 of the valve body 1 formed on part of the conical region. The Valve member 5 has on its shaft a cross-sectional widening forming a pressure shoulder 11, which is followed in the direction facing away from valve sealing surface 7 by an enlarged valve member part, which is sealingly guided on the wall of bore 3. The smaller in diameter part of the valve member shaft extends from the pressure shoulder 11 to the sealing surface 7, an annular gap forming a pressure channel 13 remaining between the wall of the bore 3 and the valve member 5. This pressure channel 13 extends from a pressure space 15 formed by a cross-sectional expansion of the bore 3 in the area of the pressure shoulder 11 to the valve seat 9, a pressure line 17 which can be connected to a high-pressure fuel pump (not shown) opening into the pressure space 15.

Zur Aufbringung der Schließkraft des Einspritzventils ist zudem eine Rückstellfeder 19 vorgesehen, die auf das dem Brennraum abgewandte Ende des Ventilgliedes 5 wirkt und dieses so mit seiner Ventildichtfläche 7 gegen die Ventilsitzfläche 9 gepreßt hält.To apply the closing force of the injection valve, a return spring 19 is also provided, which acts on the end of the valve member 5 facing away from the combustion chamber and thus keeps the valve sealing surface 7 pressed against the valve seat surface 9.

Bei dem in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellten ersten Ausführungsbeispiel ist das Kraftstoffeinspritzventil als sogenannte Sacklochdüse ausgebildet. Dazu bildet das geschlossene Ende der Bohrung 3 das Sackloch 21, das sich an die Ventilsitzfläche 9 brennraumseitig anschließt und dessen brennraumseitiges Ende vorzugsweise domförmig ausgebildet ist. Von diesem kugelsegmentförmigen Innenwandteil des Sacklochs 21 führt wenigstens ein Einspritzkanal 23 in den Brennraum der zu versorgenden Brennkraftmaschine ab, dessen Achse dabei in Richtung Ventilglied 5 aus einer Senkrechten zur Innenwandfläche des Sacklochs 21 gekippt ist, so daß die Wand des im dargestellten Längsschnitt obenliegenden dem Ventilsitz 9 zugewandten Bereichs des Einspritzkanals 23 einen kleineren Winkel zur Innenwand des Sacklochs 21 aufweist als die Wand des untenliegenden dem Ventilsitz 9 abgewandten Bereichs. Die die axiale Erstreckung des Einspritzkanals 23 im Wesentlichen bestimmende Wandstärke des Ventilkörpers 1 im Bereich des Einspritzkanals 23 liegt dabei zwischen 0,6 mm und 1,4 mm.In the first exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the fuel injection valve is designed as a so-called blind hole nozzle. For this purpose, the closed end of the bore 3 forms the blind hole 21, which adjoins the valve seat surface 9 on the combustion chamber side and whose end on the combustion chamber side is preferably dome-shaped. From this spherical segment-shaped inner wall part of the blind hole 21 leads at least one injection channel 23 into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine to be supplied, the axis of which is tilted in the direction of the valve member 5 from a perpendicular to the inner wall surface of the blind hole 21, so that the wall of the valve seat, which is shown in the longitudinal section above 9 facing region of the injection channel 23 has a smaller angle to the inner wall of the blind hole 21 than the wall of the valve seat 9 below facing away area. The wall thickness of the valve body 1, which essentially determines the axial extent of the injection channel 23, in the region of the injection channel 23 is between 0.6 mm and 1.4 mm.

Zur Verbesserung der Einspritzstrahlformung und für einen möglichst homogenen Strahlverlauf, sind die von der Innenwand des Sacklochs 21 abführenden Einlaufbereiche des Einspritzkanals 23 abgerundet, wobei der Radius RA der Rundung des ventilsitznahen Einlaufbereiches größer als der Radius RB der Rundung des dem Ventilsitz 9 abgewandten Einlaufbereiches ausgebildet ist.In order to improve the injection jet shaping and for a jet path that is as homogeneous as possible, the inlet areas of the injection channel 23 leading away from the inner wall of the blind hole 21 are rounded off, the radius RA of the rounding of the inlet area near the valve seat being larger than the radius RB of the rounding of the inlet area facing away from the valve seat 9 .

Dabei beträgt der obere Radius RA das 0,75 bis 1,5 - fache und der untere Radius RB das 0,2 bis 1,0 - fache des Durchmessers D des Einspritzkanals 23. Diese, sowohl die Innenwand des Sacklochs 21 als auch die Wände des Einspritzkanals 23 tangierenden Radien ermöglichen ein optimales Einströmen des unter hohem Druck stehenden Kraftstoffes in den Einspritkanal 23 unter Vermeidung von, die Strahlbildung beeinträchtigenden Verwirbelungen.The upper radius RA is 0.75 to 1.5 times and the lower radius RB 0.2 to 1.0 times the diameter D of the injection channel 23. This, both the inner wall of the blind hole 21 and the walls Radii tangent to the injection channel 23 enable the fuel under high pressure to flow optimally into the injection channel 23 while avoiding turbulence that affects jet formation.

Das erfindungsgemäße Kraftstoffeinspritzventil arbeitet in folgender Weise.The fuel injection valve according to the invention works in the following way.

Im Schließzustand des Einspritzventils hält die Rückstellfeder 19 das Ventilglied 5, entgegen dem Standdruck des kraftstoffgefüllten Druckraumes 15, mit seiner Dichtfläche 7 in Anlage am Ventilsitz 9.In the closed state of the injection valve, the return spring 19 holds the valve member 5, against the standing pressure of the fuel-filled pressure chamber 15, with its sealing surface 7 in contact with the valve seat 9.

Für eine Einspritzung am Einspritzventil wird dessen Druckraum 15 über die Druckleitung 17 mit hohem Kraftstoffdruck beaufschlagt, wobei die nunmehr an der Druckschulter 11 angreifende Druckkraft die Kraft der Rückstellfeder 19 übersteigt und das Ventilglied 5 vom Ventilsitz 9 abhebt. Der unter hohem Druck stehende Kraftstoff gelangt dabei über den Druckraum 15 und den Druckkanal 13 zum Ventilsitz 9 und strömt bei abgehobenem Ventilglied 5 an diesem entlang in das Sackloch 21. Im Sackloch 21 der Bohrung 3 strömt der Kraftstoff über die gerundeten Einläufe in den Einspritzkanal 23 und gelangt so zur Einspritzung in den Brennraum der zu versorgenden Brennkraftmaschine. Dabei bewirken die mit einem Radius RA,RB versehenen Einlaufbereiche in den Einspritzkanal 23 einen gleichmäßigen und gerichteten Einspritzstrahl. Da dabei der größte Teil der Einspritzmenge, bzw. der die größte Strömungsgeschwindigkeit aufweisende Teil über die obere, dem Ventilsitz 9 nahe Rundung strömt ist deren Radius RA größer als der untere Radius RB.For injection at the injection valve, its pressure chamber 15 is pressurized with high fuel pressure via the pressure line 17, the pressure force now acting on the pressure shoulder 11 exceeding the force of the return spring 19 and lifting the valve member 5 from the valve seat 9. The fuel under high pressure passes through the pressure chamber 15 and the pressure channel 13 to the valve seat 9 and, when the valve member 5 is lifted off, flows along this into the blind hole 21. In the blind hole 21 of the bore 3, the fuel flows via the rounded inlets into the injection channel 23 and thus passes for injection into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine to be supplied. The inlet areas provided with a radius RA, RB in the injection channel 23 produce a uniform and directed injection jet. Since the largest part of the injection quantity, or the part having the greatest flow velocity, flows over the upper curve close to the valve seat 9, its radius RA is larger than the lower radius RB.

Am Ende der Einspritzung wird das Ventilglied 5 bei hochdruckentlastetem Druckraum 15 in bekannter Weise von der Rückstellfeder 19 auf den Ventilsitz 9 zurückbewegt.At the end of the injection, the valve member 5 is moved back from the return spring 19 to the valve seat 9 in a known manner with the pressure chamber 15 relieved of high pressure.

Das in der Figur 3 dargestellte zweite Ausführungsbeispiel unterscheidet sich vom ersten Ausführungsbeispiel lediglich in der Art des Einspritzventils, das dort als sogenannte Sitzlochdüse ausgebildet ist.The second exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3 differs from the first exemplary embodiment only in the type of the injection valve, which is designed there as a so-called hole nozzle.

Dazu ist das brennraumseitige geschlossene Ende (Sackloch 21) der Bohrung 3 hohlkegelförmig ausgebildet, wobei die Kegelflanken die Ventilsitzfläche 9 bilden, an denen das Ventilglied 5 mit seiner konischen Dichtfläche 7 dichtend zur Anlage kommt. Der Einspritzkanal 23 führt dabei von der Ventilsitzfläche 9 ab, so daß er im geschlossenen Zustand des Einspritzventils von der Dichtfläche 7 des Ventilgliedes 5 überdeckt und somit verschlossen ist. Der Einspritzkanal 23 ist dabei in der Figur 3 senkrecht zur, einen Teil des Sacklochs 21 bildenden Ventilsitzfläche 9 angeordnet und weist analog zum in der Figur 2 gezeigten ersten Ausführungsbeispiel gerundete Einlaufbereiche auf, deren obere, dem Druckkanal 13 zugewandte Rundung einen Radius RA und deren untere, dem Druckkanal 13 abgewandte Rundung einen Radius RB aufweist, wobei RA das 0,75 bis 1,5 - fache und RB das 0,2 bis 1,0 - fache des Durchmesser D des Einspritzkanals 23 beträgt. Die Wandstärke des Ventilkörpers 1 im Bereich des Einspritzkanals 23 liegt beim zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel analog zum ersten zwischen 0,6 mm und 1,4 mm.For this purpose, the closed end (blind hole 21) of the bore 3 on the combustion chamber side is of hollow-conical design, the conical flanks forming the valve seat surface 9, against which the valve member 5 with its conical sealing surface 7 comes into sealing contact. The injection channel 23 leads away from the valve seat surface 9, so that it is covered by the sealing surface 7 of the valve member 5 in the closed state of the injection valve and is therefore closed. In FIG. 3, the injection channel 23 is arranged perpendicular to the valve seat surface 9 forming part of the blind hole 21 and, analogously to the first exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2, has rounded inlet areas, the upper rounding facing the pressure channel 13 has a radius RA and the lower one , the rounding facing away from the pressure channel 13 has a radius RB, RA being 0.75 to 1.5 times and RB being 0.2 to 1.0 times the diameter D of the injection channel 23. In the second exemplary embodiment, the wall thickness of the valve body 1 in the region of the injection channel 23 is between 0.6 mm and 1.4 mm, analogous to the first.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Ausbildung des Einspritzkanals 23 des Kraftstoffeinspritzventils ist es somit gegenüber bekannten Einspritzventilen möglich einen gerichteten Einspritzstrahl zu erzeugen, der beim Eintritt in den Einspritzkanal nicht bzw. wenig verwirbelt wird, wobei die abgerundeten Einlaufbereiche die effektive Spritzlochlänge nicht verringern.With the design of the injection channel 23 of the fuel injection valve according to the invention, it is thus possible, compared to known injection valves, to generate a directed injection jet which is not or only slightly swirled when it enters the injection channel, the rounded inlet areas not reducing the effective spray hole length.

Claims (6)

Kraftstoffeinspritzventil für Brennkraftmaschinen, mit einem in einer Bohrung (3) eines Ventilkörpers (1) axial verschiebbar geführten Ventilglied (5), das an seinem brennraumseitigen Ende eine konische Ventildichtfläche (7) aufweist, mit der es mit einer konischen Ventilsitzfläche (9) am brennraumseitigen Ende der Bohrung (3) zusammenwirkt, an die sich brennraumseitig ein Sackloch (21) anschließt, mit einem an den Ventilsitz (9) mündenden Druckraum (15) zwischen dem Ventilgliedschaft und der Wand der Bohrung (3) und mit wenigstens einem, von einer stromabwärts des Ventilsitzes (9) liegenden Innenwand des Einspritzventils abführenden Einspritzkanal (23), dessen hydraulische Verbindung zum Druckraum (15) durch das Ventilglied (5) verschließbar ist und der an seinem Kraftstoffeintrittsseitigen Ende eine Rundung zur Innenwand aufweist, wobei ein oberer, dem Druckraum (15) zugewandter Einlaufbereich der Rundung einen großen Radius (RA) und ein unterer, dem Druckraum abgewandter Einlaufbereich der Rundung einen kleineren Radius (RB) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rundung tangential von der Innenwand ausgehend tangential in die Wand des Einspritzkanals (23) übergeht und daß der Radius (RA) der Rundung im oberen Einlaufbereich das 0,75- bis 1,5 - fache und der Radius (RB) der Rundung im unteren Einlaufbereich das 0,2- bis 1,0 - fache des Durchmessers (D) des Einspritzkanals (23) beträgt.Fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines, with a valve member (5) which is axially displaceably guided in a bore (3) of a valve body (1) and which has a conical valve sealing surface (7) on its combustion chamber end, with which it has a conical valve seat surface (9) on the combustion chamber side End of the bore (3) cooperates, which is followed by a blind hole (21) on the combustion chamber side, with a pressure chamber (15) opening onto the valve seat (9) between the valve member shaft and the wall of the bore (3) and with at least one of them Downstream of the valve seat (9) inner wall of the injection channel discharging the injection valve (23), the hydraulic connection to the pressure chamber (15) can be closed by the valve member (5) and which has a rounding to the inner wall at its fuel inlet end, an upper, the pressure chamber (15) facing inlet area of the curve a large radius (RA) and a lower one, facing away from the pressure chamber Inlet area of the curve has a smaller radius (RB), characterized in that the curve merges tangentially from the inner wall into the wall of the injection channel (23) and that the radius (RA) of the curve in the upper inlet area is 0.75 to 1.5 times and the radius (RB) of the rounding in the lower inlet area is 0.2 to 1.0 times the diameter (D) of the injection channel (23). Kraftstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wandstärke des Ventilkörpers (1) im Bereich des Einspritzkanals (23) 0,6 bis 1,4 mm beträgt.Fuel injection valve according to Claim 1, characterized in that the wall thickness of the valve body (1) in the region of the injection channel (23) is 0.6 to 1.4 mm. Kraftstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das sich brennraumseitig an die Ventilsitzfläche (9) anschließende, das Sackloch (21) begrenzende geschlossene Ende der Bohrung (3) domförmig ausgebildet ist und daß der Einspritzkanal (23) in einem Bereich eines kugelsegmentförmigen Innenwandteils des Sacklochs (21) angeordnet ist, der außerhalb der Überdeckung mit dem Ventilglied (5) liegt.Fuel injection valve according to Claim 1, characterized in that the closed end of the bore (3) adjoining the valve seat surface (9) on the combustion chamber side and delimiting the blind hole (21) is dome-shaped and in that the injection channel (23) is in a region of a spherical segment-shaped inner wall part of the Blind hole (21) is arranged, which lies outside the overlap with the valve member (5). Kraftstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Einspritzkanal (23) so angeordnet ist, daß seine Mittelachse einen Winkel zu einer Senkrechten auf die kugelsegmentförmige Innenwandfläche einschließt, wobei der Einspritzkanal (23) an seiner oberen, dem Ventilsitz (9) zugewandten Wand einen kleineren Winkel zur Wandsenkrechten des Sacklochs (21) aufweist als an seiner unteren, dem Ventilsitz (9) abgewandten Wandfläche.Fuel injection valve according to Claim 3, characterized in that the injection channel (23) is arranged in such a way that its central axis encloses an angle to a perpendicular to the spherical segment-shaped inner wall surface, the injection channel (23) on its upper wall facing the valve seat (9) has a smaller angle to the wall perpendicular to the blind hole (21) than at its lower wall surface facing away from the valve seat (9). Kraftstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das sich brennraumseitig an die Ventilsitzfläche (9) anschließende geschlossene Ende der Bohrung (3) hohlkegelförmig ausgebildet ist und daß der Einspritzkanal (23) von einem, die Ventilsitzfläche (9) bildenden Kegelflächenteil abführt, so daß er von der Dichtfläche (7) des Ventilgliedes (5) verschließbar ist.Fuel injection valve according to Claim 1, characterized in that the closed end of the bore (3) adjoining the valve seat surface (9) on the combustion chamber side is of hollow-conical shape, and in that the injection channel (23) leads away from a cone surface part forming the valve seat surface (9), so that it can be closed by the sealing surface (7) of the valve member (5). Kraftstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Einspritzkanal (23) senkrecht zur Ventilsitzfläche (9) angeordnet ist.Fuel injection valve according to Claim 5, characterized in that the injection channel (23) is arranged perpendicular to the valve seat surface (9).
EP95115298A 1995-03-02 1995-09-28 Fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines Ceased EP0730090A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE19507171A DE19507171C1 (en) 1995-03-02 1995-03-02 Fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines
DE19507171 1995-03-02

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EP0730090A2 true EP0730090A2 (en) 1996-09-04
EP0730090A3 EP0730090A3 (en) 1996-10-16

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JP (1) JPH08247001A (en)
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DE19507171C1 (en) 1996-08-14
EP0730090A3 (en) 1996-10-16
US5875973A (en) 1999-03-02
JPH08247001A (en) 1996-09-24

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