EP0725033A1 - Temporary securing of a working space - Google Patents

Abstract

The hoist shaft (2) is accessible via a door (17). A set-down mechanism (28) has at least one swivelling buffer (8) which automatically moves from a pulled-back position into a securing position defining the access to the cabin (1). The buffer is preferably automatically tilted by gravity into the securing position, and retracted by an actuator (12) into the pulled-back position. The securing position is signalled by a safety switch (13) operated by the actuator which is de-activated when the shaft door is opened when the cabin is absent.

Description

The invention relates to a device for protecting people from the danger of being crushed by the penetration of a transport device into the work space temporarily occupied by one or more people. Work rooms of this type are, for example, shaft pits and shaft heads in elevator shaft shafts. Their temporary occupation by persons is due to the periodic, proper maintenance and control work on the technical facilities available in these rooms. Relevant regulations, e.g. To protect the people who are temporarily there, EN81 suggests that these rooms should have the appropriate dimensions, which, taking into account the full travel route to the end positions of the transport device, still guarantee a sufficient level of safety for the personnel working in them. However, this is not possible in all cases, especially when retrofitting elevator systems in existing buildings.

Such a device is known from the DGM 75 18 439.3 dated November 20, 1955, which has at least one stop, also called a road limiter, which can be adjusted over the entire road length. The lane limiter is designed as a stop plate with a fastening hook which is suspended in elongated holes on the guide rails where the travel of a transport device to protect People must be limited.

The effectiveness of this device assumes that the personnel is informed of its presence, that the stop plates are available at all times and that they are actually put into operation even for a brief presence in the danger zone and in a shortage of time. Therefore, reliable personal protection cannot be guaranteed.

The patent specification CH 667 638 describes a protective device installed in the shaft pit in the form of a swivel-mounted mounting device, in which a stop support automatically swivels into the clearance profile of the transport device when the bottom shaft door is opened in the absence of a cabin. As a result, the shaft pit area is secured against the ingress of the transport device and the required personal protection is provided in principle. After leaving the shaft pit, the attachment device is brought manually into the starting position.

Devices of this type consist of mechanical and electrical components which must maintain their full functionality during the entire operating life of a transport device. This functionality must therefore be checked periodically in order to guarantee permanent, safe functioning of the protective device. Manual reset from the inside of the shaft harbors a certain risk of being locked in when the shaft door is closed by a second person from the outside and also means a considerable loss of convenience in use.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a protective device of the type described above, the function of which guarantees reliable protection for a fitter, even in the case of carelessness or carelessness caused by negligence, the inoperability of which is immediately noticed and which is convenient in that Application is.

This object is achieved according to the invention described below, which has the features listed in the claims.

The advantages achieved with this invention consist essentially in the fact that the functional reliability of the device is guaranteed by a continuous functional check, or that an error that occurs is immediately noticed and that the device adopts both possible positions fully automatically.

Further advantages can be seen in the fact that if the regulations for personal protection are met at the same time, considerable construction costs can be saved by the reduced depth and height of a lift shaft opening up additional space for other purposes.

• Fig. 1 die Aufsetzeinrichtung im passiven Zustand,
• Fig. 2 die Aufsetzeinrichtung im aktiven Zustand,
• Fig. 3 eine Schachttürfront,
• Fig. 4 die Entriegelungs- und Auslöseeinrichtung, nicht betätigt,
• Fig. 5 die Entriegelungs- und Auslöseeinrichtung, betätigt,
• Fig. 6 die Entriegelungs- und Auslöseeinrichtung, nach der Betätigung
• Fig. 7 die Disposition der Entriegelungs- und Auslöseeinrichtung an einer Schachttürfront,
• Fig. 8 eine Frontansicht der geschützten Entriegelungs- und Auslöseeinrichtung,
• Fig. 9 die geschützte Entriegelungs- und Auslöseeinrichtung, nicht betätigt,
• Fig.10 die geschützte Entriegelungs- und Auslöseeinrichtung, betätigt und.
• Fig.11 eine vereinfachte Ausführungsform der Aufsetzvorrichtung.

In the drawings, an embodiment of the invention is shown and show it

• 1 the attachment device in the passive state,
• 2 the attachment device in the active state,
• 3 shows a shaft door front,
• 4 the unlocking and triggering device, not actuated,
• 5 the unlocking and triggering device, actuated,
• Fig. 6, the unlocking and triggering device after actuation
• 7 the disposition of the unlocking and triggering device on a shaft door front,
• 8 is a front view of the protected unlocking and triggering device,
• 9 the protected unlocking and triggering device, not actuated,
• Fig.10 the protected unlocking and triggering device, operated and.
• 11 shows a simplified embodiment of the placement device.

A cabin 1 is shown in a shaft 2 in FIG. 1, which moves via roller guides 4 on guide rails 5 in the up and down direction. With 27 the lowest cabin position is indicated, which the cabin occupies when it drives to the lowest floor level 16. An automatic attachment device 28 is installed in a shaft pit 3. On a buffer base 14 there is a low-friction pivot bearing 11, on which a pivot buffer 8 is arranged vertically. The low-friction pivot bearing 11 can be designed as a knife bearing, as is used in mechanical weighing technology. The upper end of the swivel buffer 8 is in the form of a laterally projecting buffer plate 9, which serves as a support for an impact edge 6 on the cabin 1. The foot of the swivel buffer 8 is designed as a buffer lever 10, which opens into a joint 29 to the left and whose right horizontal extension is shaped as an actuating finger 30 for two redundant safety switches 13. An actuator 12 attached to the buffer base 14 is connected via its plunger 31 to the joint 29 of the buffer lever 10. A thickening of the diameter of the swivel buffer 8 to approximately half the height is designed as a switching edge 32 for a position switch 15.

In the drawn state, the swivel buffer 8 is in the Actuator 12 shown pushed back starting position and the buffer plate 9 is located outside a line of motion 7. In this position of the swivel buffer 8, the cabin 1 can travel to the bottom floor 16 without hindrance. In order for the swivel buffer to remain in this position, the actuator 12 must be extended in order to exert a continuous pushing force on the joint 29 and thus to keep the swivel buffer 8 in the swiveled-back position.

2, the actuator 12 is not activated and, thanks to the asymmetrical mass distribution over the pivot bearing 11, the pivot buffer 8 is tilted into the position shown by its own gravity. As a result, the safety switches 13 have been flipped by means of the actuating finger 30, which is correspondingly registered and evaluated in an elevator control (not shown).

3 shows the usual image of a shaft door front with a shaft door 17 and a lock actuating element, for example arranged in a fighter 19 as a triangular bolt 18, which is used to unlock the shaft door 17 by means of the known triangular key.

In the device according to the invention, the triangular bolt not only mechanically unlocks the shaft door, but, as shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, a so-called memory circuit is actuated. This memory circuit consists of one Latch switch 21 and a reset element 20 which brings this into the starting position.

The memory circuit is actuated via a switching curve 22 formed on the triangular pin 18. If the triangular pin is rotated, for example, by 90 °, the latching switch 21 is brought into the latched position according to FIG. 5 and remains in this position after the triangular pin 18 has been released, which then, as is common practice, turns back into the position according to FIG. 6 by spring force. An activation of the reset element 20 is required to reset the latching switch. The reset element 20 can be designed, for example, as an electromagnet.

7 and 8, the front view of the two-stage arrangement of an unlocking and triggering device 26 is shown.

The mechanics and function of this two-stage unlocking and triggering device can be seen from FIGS. 9 and 10. With a first triangular pin 18 a pawl 33 is lifted over a nose 34 of a shift sliding curve 24 when it is actuated. In the raised state of the pawl 33, a slide 23 can then be manually pushed to the right, whereby a second lock actuating element or a triangular bolt 25 is made accessible and at the same time the latching switch 21 is brought into the memory position. The shaft door is now finally unlocked by actuating the second triangular pin 25. The reset the latching switch 21 is carried out in the same way as already described above. After its actuation, the slide 23 is preferably pulled back into its starting position by a spring (not shown). The latching switch 21 then also remains in the actuated position and, as already described, must be neutralized again with the reset element 20.

11 shows a simplified embodiment of the placement device. In this embodiment, a rigid pivot lever 48 is used instead of the pivot buffer 8, which is actuated in the same way as the pivot buffer 8 by the actuator 12 via the plunger 31. The pivot lever 48 is mounted in the pivot bearing 11 and the left end of the foot part of the pivot lever 48 actuates the safety switch 13 in the pivoted-out state, again in the same way as the actuating finger 30 of the pivot buffer 8. The pivot lever 48 or its pivot bearing 11 is on the Top of a frame 46, for example welded together from steel plates, is mounted. On an inner wall of the frame 46, the actuator 12 is fastened and the frame 46 itself is connected to a guide rail via a fastening fitting 47 in such a way that it is held in both horizontal axes, but in the event of a car collision with the swivel lever 48 a certain vertical Braking distance down. The frame 46 is placed on a normal shaft buffer 45 so that this is possible. The shaft buffer 45 can, depending on the mass and speed of the Cabin, an energy-storing or an energy-consuming type. An energy-storing type with a damping effect is shown as an example.

The device according to the invention works as follows:
In order to be able to enter the shaft pit 3, the cabin 1 is sent to a higher floor. The bottom shaft door 17 can be unlocked and opened by means of the unlocking and triggering device 18, 25, 26 and the standardized triangular key. Depending on the design of the memory circuit, the triangular bolt 18 or 25 is openly accessible or covered with a screw cap or with a slide 23. The actuation of the triangular bolt 18 and, in the embodiment according to FIGS. 7-10, additionally of the second triangular bolt 25 after the slide 23 has been pushed back sets the latching switch 21 into the latching position, as a result of which the safety circuit of the elevator control is interrupted. Now the shaft door 17 can be opened manually and locked in the open position. After the car 1 has moved away from the bottom floor when stepping away, the two oppositely arranged pivoting buffers 8 are or are automatically tilted within the movement line 7 and thus into the range of movement of the car 1 by switching off the actuator 12. After entering the shaft pit 3, the control switch which is present there in accordance with the regulations is additionally actuated, so that the safety circuit is interrupted several times. The maintenance and Control work can now be carried out safely.

After the work in the pit 3 has been completed, the control switch in the pit 3 is switched on again in reverse order, and the shaft door 17 is closed and locked . The reset element 20 must now be activated, which is done with a key contact in the machine room on the elevator control by a competent person. Only now is the elevator fully operational again.

The continuous control of functional safety mentioned in the task and with the advantages is achieved in that the swivel buffers 8, with the exception of a trip to the bottom floor, by switching off the actuator 12 after a trip and by switching on the actuator before a trip by means of the safety switches 13 and the evaluation of their respective positions, the correct operation of the swivel buffer 8 can be checked while driving. This function test can take place on each trip or, depending on the local conditions, at programmed intervals, for example daily or weekly, or after predetermined number of trips. On the one hand, a malfunction is immediately noticed and, on the other hand, it is prevented that the device becomes stuck after a long period of non-use Attachment device can occur in the vertical position.

• Bei Aufzügen mit kleinen Fahrtenzahlen wird der Aktuator 12 nach jeder Fahrt des Aufzuges von der Energiezufuhr getrennt, wodurch der Schwenkpuffer 8, mit Ausnahme bei Kabinenposition im untersten Stockwerk 16, jedesmal in die Aufsetzstellung kippt und die Sicherheitsschalter 13 betätigt werden. Die rückgemeldete Stellung wird in der Aufzugssteuerung zusammen mit weiteren Sicherheitssignalen UND-verknüpft und ermöglicht, bei korrekter Funktion der Aufsetzvorrichtung, die Freigabe einer weiteren Fahrt des Aufzuges. Ein fehlendes Rückmeldesignal der Sicherheitsschalter 13 lässt auf einen Defekt an der Aufsetzvorrichtung schliessen, was die Blockierung des Aufzuges zur Folge hat und den Wartungsdienst auf den Plan ruft.
• Bei Gebäuden mit viel Personenverkehr werden von einem Aufzug auch entsprechend grosse Fahrtenzahlen erreicht. Das ergibt, nach dem vorgehend beschriebenen Funktionsmuster, auch eine entsprechend grosse Anzahl Stellungswechsel der Aufsetzeinrichtung, was für die Einrichtung den vorzeitigen Verschleiss bedeuten kann. Für diesen Fall wird das Loslassen des Schwenkpuffers 8 beispielsweise einmal täglich oder einmal wöchentlich zu Kontrollzwecken vollzogen, was durch entsprechende Steuerprogramme realisiert wird. Soll bei zurückgezogenem Schwenkpuffer 8 die Schachtgrube 3 betreten werden, wird der Aktuator 12 durch die Betätigung des Dreikantbolzens 18, 25 von der Energiezufuhr getrennt und der Schwenkpuffer 8 kippt in die Aufsetzstellung.
• Bei grösseren Kontrollintervallen wird dem Aktuator 12 auch entsprechend lang Energie zugeführt zum Zurückhalten des Schwenkpuffers 8, was grössere Erwärmung oder grössere Dimension des Aktuators 12, sowie grösseren Energieverbrauch zur Folge hat. Um dies zu vermeiden und trotzdem vom Vorteil eines grösseren Kontrollintervalls zu profitieren, wird der Schwenkpuffer 8 nur vor dem Einfahren in die unterste Haltestelle 16 zurückgezogen und nach dem Anhalten der Kabine 1 wieder losgelassen. Der nun an der Kabinenwand anliegende Schwenkpuffer 8 kippt dann beim Wegfahren der Kabine 1 automatisch wieder in die Aufsetzstellung. Eine einfache Gleitfläche an der Kabinenseitenwand verhindert ein Einhaken des Schwenkpuffers 8 in der Kabinenstruktur. Mit dieser Betriebsweise ergibt sich sowohl eine kurze Einschaltdauer des Aktuators und kleinere Baugrösse, wie auch eine kleinere Anzahl Stellungswechsel der Aufsetzeinrichtung und somit weniger Verschleiss.

Should it happen that the cabin lowers for some reason when the safety circuit is switched off twice, then the cabin 1 will sit with its stop edges 6 on the buffer plate 9, push in the swivel buffer 8 somewhat and be stopped. Pressing in the swivel buffer 8, however, causes the position switch 15 to be actuated, which is correspondingly evaluated or stored in the elevator control. The following variants of operating procedures can be carried out for monitoring and operating the mounting device:

• In the case of elevators with small numbers of trips, the actuator 12 is disconnected from the energy supply after each trip of the elevator, as a result of which the pivoting buffer 8, with the exception of the cabin position on the bottom floor 16, tilts into the set-on position and the safety switches 13 are actuated. The reported position is AND-linked in the elevator control system together with further safety signals and, if the placement device functions correctly, enables the elevator to be released for another trip. A missing feedback signal from the safety switch 13 suggests a defect in the mounting device, which results in the elevator being blocked and calls up the maintenance service.
• In buildings with a lot of passenger traffic, a correspondingly large number of trips can be achieved by an elevator. The results, according to the functional model described above, a correspondingly large number of position changes of the attachment device, which can mean premature wear for the device. In this case, the swivel buffer 8 is released, for example, once a day or once a week for control purposes, which is implemented by corresponding control programs. If the shaft pit 3 is to be entered when the swivel buffer 8 is withdrawn, the actuator 12 is disconnected from the energy supply by the actuation of the triangular bolt 18, 25 and the swivel buffer 8 tilts into the mounting position.
• In the case of larger control intervals, the actuator 12 is also supplied with energy for a correspondingly long time in order to retain the swivel buffer 8, which results in greater heating or a larger dimension of the actuator 12 and in greater energy consumption. In order to avoid this and still benefit from the advantage of a larger control interval, the swivel buffer 8 is only retracted before entering the bottom stop 16 and released after the cabin 1 has stopped. The pivoting buffer 8 now resting on the cabin wall then automatically tilts back into the mounting position when the cabin 1 moves away. A simple sliding surface on the cabin side wall prevents hooking of the swivel buffer 8 in the cabin structure. This mode of operation results in a short duty cycle of the actuator and a smaller size, as well as a smaller number of changes in position of the attachment device and thus less wear.

• Anordnung der Schwenkpuffer 8 unter dem Gegengewicht, systemgleich wie Fig.1
• Anordnung der Schwenkpuffer 8 unter der Schachtdecke. Die Schwenkpuffer 8, bzw. deren Puffersockel 14 werden dann an der Schachtdecke befestigt und die Masseverteilung des Schwenkpuffers 8 wird so disponiert, dass wiederum nur mittels eigener Schwerkraft ein Einschwenken in den Fahrbereich der Kabine 1 erfolgt. Alle übrigen Funktionen und Operationen sind genau gleich wie vorgängig beschrieben. Bei der Anwendung für die Sicherung des Schutzraumes über der Kabine sind alle Schachttüren, mit Ausnahme der untersten, mit einer Entriegelungs- und Auslöseeinrichtung nach Fig.7 bis Fig.10 ausgerüstet.

The device, which is basically the same, can also be used with a limited shaft head height. Two versions are possible:

• Arrangement of the swivel buffer 8 under the counterweight, same system as Fig.1
• Arrangement of the swivel buffer 8 under the shaft ceiling. The pivoting buffers 8, or their buffer bases 14, are then attached to the shaft ceiling and the mass distribution of the pivoting buffer 8 is determined such that, in turn, pivoting into the driving range of the cabin 1 takes place only by means of gravity. All other functions and operations are exactly the same as described above. When used to secure the shelter above the cabin, all shaft doors, with the exception of the bottom one, are equipped with an unlocking and release device according to Fig. 7 to Fig. 10.

In principle, the device according to the invention can be used for any conveyor devices which have maintenance rooms which are limited in depth or height at the end points and endanger people.

Parts list (temporary workspace security)

1

cabin

2nd

Shaft

3rd

Pit

4th

Leadership roles

5

Guide rails

6

Impact edge

7

Line of motion

8th

Swivel buffers

9

Buffer plate

10th

Buffer lever

11

Swivel bearing

12th

Actuator

13

Safety switch

14

Buffer socket

15

Position switch

16

Lowest floor

17th

Landing door

18th

Triangular bolts

19th

Door fighter

20th

Reset element

21

Detent switch

22

Switching curve

23

Slider

24th

Shift slide curve

25th

Second triangular bolt

26

Unlocking u. Release device

27

Lowest cabin position

28

Attachment device

29

joint

30th

Operating fingers

31

Pestle

32

Switching edge

33

Release jack

34

nose

45

Manhole buffer

46

frame

47

Mounting fitting

48

Swivel lever

Claims (8)

Device for protecting people from the risk of being crushed by the penetration of a transport device into the work space temporarily occupied by one or more people within an elevator shaft 2, which can be accessed through a shaft door 17, which device has an attachment device 28 with at least one swivel buffer 8, which can be automatically transferred from a retracted position into a securing position delimiting the travel path of the cabin 1, and which device has an unlocking and triggering mechanism 26, characterized in that the pivoting buffer 8 can preferably be tilted automatically into the securing position by gravity and from an actuator 12 into the Retractable position can be fetched that the safety position of the swivel buffer 8 is signaled by a safety switch 13 actuated by the actuator 12 and that the actuator 12 is deactivated at least when the shaft door 17 is in the absence of a cabin is opened, whereby a memory circuit is activated. Device for protecting people according to claim 1, characterized in that the memory circuit has a latching switch 21 provided with a safety circuit contact and a reset element 20 to be activated with a key switch. Device for protecting people according to claim 1, characterized in that, in addition to the use of the attachment device 28 for the protection of people, a periodic function test of the swivel buffer 8 and the actuator 12 takes place, the elevator being stopped in the event of a malfunction signaled by safety switches 13. Device for protecting people according to claim 1, characterized in that the key switch activating the restoring element 20 is arranged outside the shaft 2, preferably in the machine room. Device for protecting people according to claim 1, characterized in that the unlocking and triggering device 26 has a first lock actuating element 18 with a pawl 33 which engages over a nose 34 of a switching slide curve 24 actuating the latching switch 21 and one which is firmly connected to the switching slide curve 24 , has a second lock actuating element 25 for the shaft door unlocking slide 23. Device for protecting people according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lock actuating element 18 has a switching curve 22. Device for the protection of people according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching slide curve 24 is connected to a return spring. Device for protecting people according to claim 1, characterized in that instead of the swivel buffer 8 there is a rigid swivel lever 48 and that this mounting device rests on a shaft buffer 45 placed in the shaft pit 3.

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