EP0718591A2 - Ignition device for propellant charges and manufacturing method for such an ignition device - Google Patents
Ignition device for propellant charges and manufacturing method for such an ignition device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0718591A2 EP0718591A2 EP95118183A EP95118183A EP0718591A2 EP 0718591 A2 EP0718591 A2 EP 0718591A2 EP 95118183 A EP95118183 A EP 95118183A EP 95118183 A EP95118183 A EP 95118183A EP 0718591 A2 EP0718591 A2 EP 0718591A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ignition
- support tube
- powder
- black powder
- ignition system
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001535 kindling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- PZIMIYVOZBTARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N centralite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(CC)C(=O)N(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 PZIMIYVOZBTARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005498 phthalate group Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 claims 10
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
- F42B5/38—Separately-loaded propellant charges, e.g. cartridge bags
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
- F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
- F42C19/085—Primers for caseless ammunition
Definitions
- the invention relates to an ignition system for propellant charges according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention further relates to a method for producing such ignition systems.
- DE 42 23 735 A1 discloses a low-pressure ignition system, in particular for modularly designed propellant charges of large-caliber ammunition, in which the individual propellant charge modules each have a perforated support tube made of a combustible material, which encloses an axial ignition channel, in order to achieve short ignition times.
- An ignition transfer charge is provided on the side facing the propellant charge powder.
- This consists essentially of propellant charge pellets, each of which is coated with a very thin ignition mixture of approximately 1/10 mm from black powder bound in nitrocellulose.
- the pellets coated with the igniter mixture are placed in a combustible low pressure pipe, e.g. a shrink tube.
- the support tube can be coated on its inside and outside with a thin layer of the above-mentioned ignition mixture.
- the present invention has for its object to provide an ignition system which is suitable for igniting multi-part charge structures, has a short implementation time for igniting the propellant charge and is simple and inexpensive to manufacture.
- a method for producing such an ignition system is also to be disclosed.
- the invention is based on the idea of not using pellets coated with an ignition mixture as the ignition transfer charge, but rather using a 1.0 to 3 mm thick pyrotechnic composite rigid foam layer which has a largely coarse-pored structure (sponge structure) in its interior.
- the relatively thin surface layers facing the propellant charge powder and the support tube should preferably be tightly closed as an integral layer in order to provide the required protection of the rigid foam layer to ensure against moisture and water.
- Such a hard foam layer according to the invention ensures safe, fast and reproducible ignition of the propellant charge powder even at low temperatures.
- the ignition transmission of the rigid foam is surprisingly relatively independent of its structure (e.g. the degree of porosity, the skin characteristics, the local density fluctuations, etc.). This means that the parameters for the production of the rigid foam and its structure with regard to temperature, pressure and drying time etc. do not have to be subject to high-precision requirements.
- the ignition system according to the invention has proven to be particularly advantageous if the pyrotechnic rigid foam contains an addition of cellulose and / or plastic fibers.
- the strength and thus the mechanical stability of the rigid foam is significantly increased by this addition.
- the use of such fibers enables the processing of coarse-grained black powder.
- the black powder may only have grain sizes of at most 0.1 mm, the grain sizes of the Black powder up to 1.5 mm. Nevertheless, the use of granular black powder results in a hard foam layer which has a high internal solidification of the black powder and adheres firmly to the respective support tube.
- the great advantage of using a coarse-grained black powder is that the loose distribution of the relative large black powder grains in the foam structure with their large grain surface at the moment of ignition and at the moment of the flame transfer to the propellant powder with hardly increased ambient pressures ensure the greatest liveliness values.
- the cellulose or plastic fiber content of the foam should be between about 0.2 and 5% by weight.
- the fiber content should preferably be about 1-3% by weight.
- the process according to the invention is characterized in that first nitrocellulose (NC) is dissolved in an NC solvent.
- NC nitrocellulose
- the cellulose and / or plastic fiber mixture which is insoluble in the NC solvent is then introduced into the solution and homogeneously distributed therein.
- the black powder and, if appropriate, other additives, for example a plasticizer are then mixed in and homogeneously distributed in the solution, the igniting composition composed in this way can either be applied directly to the support tube or to a separate shaped body and preferably at temperatures between 30 to 60 ° C. and a slight negative pressure can be dried so that the solvent evaporates, thereby producing the desired coarse-pored and porous structure inside and a coherent surface film on the surfaces.
- the method according to the invention has i.a. the advantage that no separate blowing agent has to be used to produce the rigid foam because the solvent also takes on this role.
- Lacquered wool with a nitrogen content of 11.5 to 12.5% nitrogen has proven itself as a nitrocellulose.
- Highly nitrided nitocelluloses can also be used for shooting cotton (nitrogen content> 13%).
- Acetone, acetonitrile and various esters or ketones and suitable mixtures have proven to be suitable as NC solvents, which should also take on the role of the blowing agent.
- Cotton sinter or kraft pulp can be used with good success as the cellulose fiber mixture.
- soft grain types can preferably be used, including those which have different compositions of the basic shape, ie not only contain 75%, but also 77% or 80% of potassium nitrate.
- An acceleration of the ignition reaction and an increase in the flame temperature is achieved if 2 to 12% by weight, preferably 3 to 5% by weight, of magnesium or aluminum powder is added to the ignition material.
- Dibutyl phthalate and other phthalates as well as centralite have proven themselves as plasticizers, which make the otherwise relatively hard structure of the foam more elastic and flexible.
- 1 denotes a propellant charge module that can be used in large-caliber guns (see, for example, also EP 0 306 616 B1), which essentially consists of a container 2 for holding propellant powder 3 known per se.
- a free ignition channel 4 is provided, which is laterally delimited by a support tube 5 made of a combustible material. There are a plurality of openings 6 in the support tube 5.
- a pyrotechnic composite rigid foam layer 7 with an essentially three-layer structure (FIG. 2) is arranged on the side of the support tube 5 facing the propellant charge 3 as an ignition transfer charge.
- the surface layer 8 facing the propellant charge powder and the surface layer 9 facing the support tube 5 are each sealed (i.e. the density should be> 1 g / cm 3) and offer protection against moisture which may penetrate into the rigid foam.
- the inner layer 10 lying between the surface layers 8 and 9 has a relatively porous and coarse-pored foam structure (i.e. the foam density should be between 0.4 and 0.9 g / cm 3).
- the surface of the support tube 5 facing the ignition channel 4 is covered by a thin pyrotechnic lacquer layer (ignition layer) 11.
- the hot ignition gases enter the ignition channel 4, ignite both the pyrotechnic lacquer layer 11 and the surface layer 8 via the openings 6 and then the coarse-pored inner layer 10 with its ignitable black powder grains.
- the loose distribution of these grains in the foam structure with their large grain surface ensures the greatest liveliness of the flame propagation at the moment of flame transfer to the propellant charge powder with hardly increased ambient pressures. This leads to an abrupt ignition of the propellant powder across a broad front, because the burning hard foam parts are flung into the propellant powder on all sides.
- nitrocellulose e.g. lacquer wool with a nitrogen content between 11.5% and 12.5% or shooting cotton with a nitrogen content above 136%
- a solvent e.g. acetonitrile
- a kraft pulp fiber mixture is introduced into the solution and distributed homogeneously.
- the black powder is then preferably added in the grain size range between 0.2 and 1.5 mm and, if appropriate, a plasticizer portion.
- 2 to 12% (preferably 3 to 5%) of magnesium and / or aluminum powder can be added to the solution and distributed to increase the flame temperature and to accelerate the ignition reaction.
- the viscosity of such a mixture has relatively high values ( ⁇ 5000 Pa * s), so that there is a pasty kindling.
- the pyrotechnic lacquer layer 11 is first, for example applied by spraying and then dried. Subsequently, an approximately 1 to 3 mm thick layer of the ignition compound, for example through a slot die, is pressed onto the outer surface of the support tube 5 with the aid of a metering piston pump. Due to its thixotropic setting, due to the admixture of the cellulose fiber mixture, the igniter remains on the support tube and adheres.
- the support pipe is placed in a drying tunnel with a temperature of 30 - 60 ° C and a negative pressure of approx. 700 mbar. This causes the solvent to escape on the surface due to evaporation.
- the ignition mass becomes poor in solvent and a coherent surface film is formed which corresponds to the surface layer designated 9 in FIG.
- the ignition compound foams by evaporation of the solvent and forms a hardening foam structure with a thickness which, depending on the selected layer thickness of the ignition compound, should be between 0.5 and 2 mm.
- the vapors escape through pores in the outer skin. They are deposited in a cold trap and the solvent is recovered.
- a closed film of the ignition compound forms, which adheres to the support tube and which corresponds to the surface layer denoted by 8 in FIG. Due to the capillary action, the solvent is drawn into the porous support tube.
- a corresponding molding can also be produced with the aid of a metal or plastic carrier which has the outer dimensions of the support tube.
- the carrier has a surface with sieve holes and is hollow on the inside. The vapors can then enter the interior of the carrier be suctioned off when a slight vacuum is applied. The thickness and the porosity of the rigid foam layer can be controlled via the temperature and the vacuum provided. After the drying process, the hard foam layer, which has assumed the dimensions and the contour of the support tube, can be removed from the carrier and pushed onto the prepared support tube by means of a slight overpressure.
- the support tube is prepared by coating it on both sides, for example in a spraying process. This varnish then provides the inner coating of the perforated support tube 5 on the one hand.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Anzündsystem für Treibladungen nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Die Erfindung bezieht sich ferner auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung derartiger Anzündsysteme.The invention relates to an ignition system for propellant charges according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention further relates to a method for producing such ignition systems.
Aus der DE 42 23 735 A1 ist ein Niederdruckanzündsystem insbesondere für modular aufgebaute Treibladungen großkalibriger Munition bekannt, bei dem zur Erreichung kurzer Anzündzeiten die einzelnen Treibladungsmodule jeweils ein gelochtes Stützrohr aus einem verbrennbaren Material aufweisen, welches einen axialen Anzündkanal umschließt. Auf der dem Treibladungspulver zugewandten Seite ist dabei eine Anzündübertragungsladung vorgesehen. Diese besteht im wesentlichen aus Treibladungs-Pellets, die jeweils mit einer sehr dünnen Anzündmischung von etwa 1/10 mm aus in Nitrozellulose gebundenem Schwarzpulver beschichtet sind. Vorzugsweise werden die mit der Anzündmischung beschichteten Pellets in einem verbrennbaren Niederdruckrohr, z.B. einem Schrumpfschlauch, angeordnet.DE 42 23 735 A1 discloses a low-pressure ignition system, in particular for modularly designed propellant charges of large-caliber ammunition, in which the individual propellant charge modules each have a perforated support tube made of a combustible material, which encloses an axial ignition channel, in order to achieve short ignition times. An ignition transfer charge is provided on the side facing the propellant charge powder. This consists essentially of propellant charge pellets, each of which is coated with a very thin ignition mixture of approximately 1/10 mm from black powder bound in nitrocellulose. Preferably the pellets coated with the igniter mixture are placed in a combustible low pressure pipe, e.g. a shrink tube.
Wie der vorstehend erwähnten Schrift ferner zu entnehmen ist, kann das Stützrohr zusätzlich zu der eigentlichen Anzündübertragungsladung an seinen Innen- als auch Außenseiten mit einer dünnen Schicht der vorstehend erwähnten Anzündmischung beschichtet sein.As can also be seen from the above-mentioned document, In addition to the actual ignition transmission charge, the support tube can be coated on its inside and outside with a thin layer of the above-mentioned ignition mixture.
Nachteilig ist bei diesem Anzündsystem vor allem die relativ aufwendige Herstellung der mit der Anzündmischung beschichteten Pellets sowie die zeitaufwendige gleichmäßige Anordnung der beschichteten Pellets um das Stützrohr herum, die regelmäßig zusätzliche Arbeitsgänge erforderlich machen.A disadvantage of this ignition system is above all the relatively complex production of the pellets coated with the ignition mixture and the time-consuming, uniform arrangement of the coated pellets around the support tube, which regularly make additional operations necessary.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Anzündsystem zu schaffen, welches zur Anzündung mehrteiliger Ladungsaufbauten geeignet ist, eine kurze Umsetzungszeit zur Anzündung der Treibladung aufweist und einfach und kostengünstig herstellbar ist. Ferner soll ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines derartigen Anzündsystems offenbart werden.The present invention has for its object to provide an ignition system which is suitable for igniting multi-part charge structures, has a short implementation time for igniting the propellant charge and is simple and inexpensive to manufacture. A method for producing such an ignition system is also to be disclosed.
Diese Aufgabe wird hinsichtlich des Anzündsystems durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teiles des Anspruchs 1 und hinsichtlich des Verfahrens zu seiner Herstellung durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teiles des Anspruchs 7 gelöst. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung offenbaren die Unteransprüche.This object is achieved with regard to the ignition system by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1 and with regard to the method for its production by the features of the characterizing part of
Im wesentlichen liegt der Erfindung der Gedanke zugrunde, als Anzündübertragungsladung nicht mit einer Anzündmischung beschichtete Pellets zu verwenden, sondern eine 1,0 bis 3 mm dicke pyrotechnische Composite-Hartschaumschicht zu benutzen, die in ihrem Inneren eine weitgehend grobporige Struktur (Schwammstruktur) aufweist. Die relativ dünnen dem Treibladungspulver und dem Stützrohr zugewandten Oberflächenschichten sollen hingegen vorzugsweise als Integralschicht dichtgeschlossen sein, um den geforderten Schutz der Hartschaumschicht gegen Feuchtigkeit und Wasser zu gewährleisten.Essentially, the invention is based on the idea of not using pellets coated with an ignition mixture as the ignition transfer charge, but rather using a 1.0 to 3 mm thick pyrotechnic composite rigid foam layer which has a largely coarse-pored structure (sponge structure) in its interior. The relatively thin surface layers facing the propellant charge powder and the support tube, on the other hand, should preferably be tightly closed as an integral layer in order to provide the required protection of the rigid foam layer to ensure against moisture and water.
Eine derartige erfindungsgemäße Hartschaumschicht gewährleistet auch bei tiefen Temperaturen noch eine sichere, schnelle und reproduzierbare Anzündung des Treibladungspulvers. Außerdem ist die Anzündübertragung des Hartschaumes überraschenderweise relativ unabhängig von seinem Strukturaufbau (z.B. dem Grad der Porosität, der Außenhautcharakteristik, der lokale Dichteschwankungen etc.). Dieses bedeutet, daß an die Parameter zur Herstellung des Hartschaumes und seiner Struktur hinsichtlich Temperatur, Druck und Trocknungszeit etc. keine hochpräzisen Forderungen gestellt werden müssen.Such a hard foam layer according to the invention ensures safe, fast and reproducible ignition of the propellant charge powder even at low temperatures. In addition, the ignition transmission of the rigid foam is surprisingly relatively independent of its structure (e.g. the degree of porosity, the skin characteristics, the local density fluctuations, etc.). This means that the parameters for the production of the rigid foam and its structure with regard to temperature, pressure and drying time etc. do not have to be subject to high-precision requirements.
Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich das erfindungsgemäße Anzündsystem erwiesen, wenn der pyrotechnische Hartschaum einen Zusatz von Cellulose- und/oder Kunststoffasern enthält. Einerseits wird durch diesen Zusatz die Festigkeit und damit die mechanische Stabilität des Hartschaumes wesentlich gesteigert. Andererseits ermöglicht die Verwendung derartiger Fasern die Verarbeitung auch grobkörniger Schwarzpulver. Während beispielsweise bei Verwendung der in der DE 42 23 735 A1 beschriebenen Anzündmischung zur Auftragung eines gleichmäßigen Filmes auf dem Stützrohr bzw. auf den Treibladungs-Pellets das Schwarzpulver lediglich Korngrößen von maximal 0,1 mm aufweisen darf, können bei der erfindungsgemäßen Schicht die Korngrößen des Schwarzpulvers bis 1,5 mm betragen. Trotzdem ergibt sich durch die Verwendung körniger Schwarzpulver eine Hartschaumschicht, die eine hohe innere Verfestigung des Schwarzpulvers aufweist und fest an dem jeweiligen Stützrohr haftet.The ignition system according to the invention has proven to be particularly advantageous if the pyrotechnic rigid foam contains an addition of cellulose and / or plastic fibers. On the one hand, the strength and thus the mechanical stability of the rigid foam is significantly increased by this addition. On the other hand, the use of such fibers enables the processing of coarse-grained black powder. While, for example, when using the ignition mixture described in DE 42 23 735 A1 to apply a uniform film to the support tube or to the propellant charge pellets, the black powder may only have grain sizes of at most 0.1 mm, the grain sizes of the Black powder up to 1.5 mm. Nevertheless, the use of granular black powder results in a hard foam layer which has a high internal solidification of the black powder and adheres firmly to the respective support tube.
Der große Vorteil der Verwendung eines grobkörnigen Schwarzpulvers besteht darin, daß die lockere Verteilung der relativ großen Schwarzpulverkörner in der Schaumstruktur mit ihrer großen Kornoberfläche im Anzündmoment und im Moment der Flammenübertragung auf das Treibladungspulver bei kaum erhöhten Umgebungsdrücken für größte Lebhaftigkeitswerte sorgen.The great advantage of using a coarse-grained black powder is that the loose distribution of the relative large black powder grains in the foam structure with their large grain surface at the moment of ignition and at the moment of the flame transfer to the propellant powder with hardly increased ambient pressures ensure the greatest liveliness values.
Experimentell hat sich ergeben, daß der Cellulose- oder Kunststoffaseranteil des Schaumes etwa zwischen 0,2 und 5 Gew% liegen sollte. Vorzugsweise sollte der Faseranteil etwa 1-3 Gew% betragen.It has been found experimentally that the cellulose or plastic fiber content of the foam should be between about 0.2 and 5% by weight. The fiber content should preferably be about 1-3% by weight.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß zunächst Nitrocellulose (NC) in einem NC-Lösemittel gelöst wird. Anschließend wird das in dem NC-Lösemittel unlösliche Cellulose-und/oder Kunststoff-Fasergemisch in die Lösung eingebracht und in dieser homogen verteilt. Nachdem dann das Schwarzpulver und gegebenenfalls weitere Zusätze, beispielsweise ein Weichmacher, zugemischt und in der Lösung homogen verteilt werden, kann die derart zusammengesetzte Anzündmasse entweder direkt auf das Stützrohr oder auf einen separaten Formkörper aufgetragen und vorzugsweise bei Temperaturen zwischen 30 bis 60 °C und einem leichten Unterdruck getrocknet werden, so daß das Lösemittel verdampft und dadurch im Inneren die gewünschte grobporige und poröse Struktur sowie an den Oberflächen einen zusammenhängenden Oberflächenfilm erzeugt.The process according to the invention is characterized in that first nitrocellulose (NC) is dissolved in an NC solvent. The cellulose and / or plastic fiber mixture which is insoluble in the NC solvent is then introduced into the solution and homogeneously distributed therein. After the black powder and, if appropriate, other additives, for example a plasticizer, are then mixed in and homogeneously distributed in the solution, the igniting composition composed in this way can either be applied directly to the support tube or to a separate shaped body and preferably at temperatures between 30 to 60 ° C. and a slight negative pressure can be dried so that the solvent evaporates, thereby producing the desired coarse-pored and porous structure inside and a coherent surface film on the surfaces.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren hat u.a. den Vorteil, daß zur Herstellung des Hartschaumes kein separates Treibmittel verwendet werden muß, weil das Lösungsmittel diese Rolle mit übernimmt.The method according to the invention has i.a. the advantage that no separate blowing agent has to be used to produce the rigid foam because the solvent also takes on this role.
Als Nitrocellulose hat sich vor allem Lackwolle mit einem Stickstoffgehalt von 11,5 bis 12,5% Stickstoff bewährt. Bei Anpassung der Lösemittelwahl an das Lösevermögen von hochnitrierten Nitocellulosen kann auch Schießbaumwolle (Stickstoffgehalt > 13%) zur Anwendung kommen. Als NC-Lösemittel, welches auch die Rolle des Treibmittels übernehmen soll, haben sich unter anderem Aceton, Acetonitril und verschiedene Ester oder Ketone und geeignete Abmischungen als geeignet erwiesen. Als Cellulose-Fasergemisch kann mit gutem Erfolg Baumwollinters oder Kraftzellstoff verwendet werden.Lacquered wool with a nitrogen content of 11.5 to 12.5% nitrogen has proven itself as a nitrocellulose. When adjusting the choice of solvent to the solvent capacity of Highly nitrided nitocelluloses can also be used for shooting cotton (nitrogen content> 13%). Acetone, acetonitrile and various esters or ketones and suitable mixtures have proven to be suitable as NC solvents, which should also take on the role of the blowing agent. Cotton sinter or kraft pulp can be used with good success as the cellulose fiber mixture.
Bei der Verwendung des Schwarzpulvers sind bevorzugt Weichkorntypen verwendbar, und zwar auch solche, die unterschiedliche Zusammensetzungen der Grundform aufweisen, also nicht nur 75%, sondern auch 77% oder 80% Kaliumnitrat enthalten.When the black powder is used, soft grain types can preferably be used, including those which have different compositions of the basic shape, ie not only contain 75%, but also 77% or 80% of potassium nitrate.
Eine Beschleunigung der Anzündreaktion und eine Erhöhung der Flammentemperatur wird erreicht, wenn der Anzündmasse zusätzlich 2 - 12 Gew%, vorzugsweise 3 - 5 Gew%, Magnesium- oder Aluminiumpulver zugemischt wird.An acceleration of the ignition reaction and an increase in the flame temperature is achieved if 2 to 12% by weight, preferably 3 to 5% by weight, of magnesium or aluminum powder is added to the ignition material.
Als Weichmacher haben sich Dibutylphthalat und andere Phthalate sowie Centralit bewährt, die die ansonsten relativ harte Struktur des Schaumes elastischer und biegsamer gestalten.Dibutyl phthalate and other phthalates as well as centralite have proven themselves as plasticizers, which make the otherwise relatively hard structure of the foam more elastic and flexible.
Die Verarbeitung von grobkörnigem Schwarzpulver unter Zusatz von dem Cellulosefasergemisch bereitet im dünnflüssigen Zustand, beispielsweise im Spritzprozeß, Probleme, weil die groben Körner sich rasch absetzen, die Spritzdüse verstopfen und zu inhomogenen Verteilungen auf dem Mittenrohr führen können. Es hat sich daher als vorteilhaft erwiesen, die Verarbeitung auf eine hochviskose Anzündmasse abzustimmen. Eine derartige Masse kann dann beispielsweise mittels eines Walzenauftragsverfahrens auf den Stützkörper aufgetragen werden.The processing of coarse-grained black powder with the addition of the cellulose fiber mixture causes problems in the low-viscosity state, for example in the spraying process, because the coarse grains settle quickly, clog the spray nozzle and can lead to inhomogeneous distributions on the center tube. It has therefore proven to be advantageous to adapt the processing to a highly viscous ignition compound. Such a mass can then be applied to the support body, for example by means of a roller application process.
Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den folgenden anhand von Figuren erläuterten Ausführungsbeispielen. Es zeigen:
- Fig.1
- einen Längsschnitt eines erfindungsgemäßen Treibladungsmodules und
- Fig.2
- einen Teilquerschnitt durch das in Fig.1 dargestellte Modul entlang der dort mit II-II bezeichneten Schnittlinie in vergrößerter, nicht maßstabsgerechter Darstellung.
- Fig. 1
- a longitudinal section of a propellant charge module according to the invention and
- Fig. 2
- a partial cross section through the module shown in Figure 1 along the section line designated there with II-II in an enlarged, not to scale representation.
In Fig.1 ist mit 1 ein in großkalibrigen Geschützen einsetzbares Treibladungsmodul bezeichnet (vgl. z.B. auch die EP 0 306 616 B1), welches im wesentlichen aus einem Behälter 2 zur Aufnahme von an sich bekanntem Treibladungspulver 3 besteht. Für eine zentrale Anzündung ist ein freier Anzündkanal 4 vorgesehen, der seitlich von einem Stützrohr 5 aus einem verbrennbaren Material begrenzt wird. In dem Stützrohr 5 befinden sich eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen 6.In FIG. 1, 1 denotes a propellant charge module that can be used in large-caliber guns (see, for example, also EP 0 306 616 B1), which essentially consists of a
Erfindungsgemäß ist auf der dem Treibladungspulver 3 zugewandten Seite des Stützrohres 5 als Anzündübertragungsladung eine pyrotechnische Composite-Hartschaumschicht 7 mit einem im wesentlichen dreischichtigen Aufbau (Fig.2) angeordnet. Die dem Treibladungspulver zugewandte Oberflächenschicht 8 und die dem Stützrohr 5 zugewandte Oberflächenschicht 9 sind jeweils dichtgeschlossen (d.h. die Dichte sollte > 1 g/cm³ betragen) und bieten Schutz gegen in den Hartschaum möglicherweise eindringende Feuchtigkeit. Die zwischen den Oberflächenschichten 8 und 9 liegende innere Schicht 10 weist eine relativ poröse und grobporige Schaumstruktur auf (d.h. die Schaumdichte sollte zwischen 0,4 und 0,9 g/cm³ liegen).According to the invention, a pyrotechnic composite
Die dem Anzündkanal 4 zugewandte Oberfläche des Stützrohres 5 überzieht eine dünne pyrotechnische Lackschicht (Anzündschicht) 11.The surface of the
Im folgenden wird auf die Wirkungsweise des erfindungsgemäßen Anzündsystems eingegangen:The mode of operation of the ignition system according to the invention is discussed below:
Nach Anzündung eines nicht dargestellten Anzünders gelangen die heißen Anzündgase in den Anzündkanal 4, entzünden dort sowohl die pyrotechnische Lackschicht 11 als auch über die Öffnungen 6 die Oberflächenschicht 8 und dann die grobporige Innenschicht 10 mit seinen anzündwilligen Schwarzpulverkörnern. Die lockere Verteilung dieser Körner in der Schaumstruktur mit ihrer großen Kornoberfläche sorgen im Moment der Flammenübertragung auf das Treibladungspulver bei kaum erhöhten Umgebungsdrücken für größte Lebhaftigkeitswerte der Flammenausbreitung. Dadurch kommt es zu einer schlagartigen Anzündung des Treibladungspulvers in breiter Front, weil die brennenden Hartschaumteile allseits brennend in das Treibladungspulver geschleudert werden.After igniting an igniter, the hot ignition gases enter the ignition channel 4, ignite both the
Zur Herstellung des pyrotechnischen Hartschaumes wird Nitrocellulose (NC) (z.B. Lackwolle mit einem Stickstoffgehalt zwischen 11,5% und 12,5% oder Schießbaumwolle mit einem Stickstoffgehalt über 13%) in einem Lösemittel (z.B. Acetonitril) gelöst. Dann wird ein Kraftzellstoff-Fasergemisch in die Lösung eingebracht und homogen verteilt. Anschließend wird das Schwarzpulver bevorzugt im Korngrößenbereich zwischen 0,2 und 1,5 mm sowie gegebenenfalls ein Weichmacheranteil zugesetzt. Ferner können zur Erhöhung der Flammentemperatur und zur Beschleunigung der Anzündreaktion 2 bis 12% (bevorzugt 3 bis 5%) Magnesium- und/oder Aluminiumpulver der Lösung zugemischt und verteilt werden. Die Viskosität einer derartigen Mischung weist relativ hohe Werte auf (≧ 5000 Pa*s), so daß eine teigige Anzündmasse vorliegt.To produce the pyrotechnic rigid foam, nitrocellulose (NC) (e.g. lacquer wool with a nitrogen content between 11.5% and 12.5% or shooting cotton with a nitrogen content above 13%) is dissolved in a solvent (e.g. acetonitrile). Then a kraft pulp fiber mixture is introduced into the solution and distributed homogeneously. The black powder is then preferably added in the grain size range between 0.2 and 1.5 mm and, if appropriate, a plasticizer portion. Furthermore, 2 to 12% (preferably 3 to 5%) of magnesium and / or aluminum powder can be added to the solution and distributed to increase the flame temperature and to accelerate the ignition reaction. The viscosity of such a mixture has relatively high values (≧ 5000 Pa * s), so that there is a pasty kindling.
Bevor diese Anzündmasse auf das Stützrohr 5 aufgetragen wird, wird zunächst die pyrotechnische Lackschicht 11 beispielsweise im Spritzverfahren aufgebracht und dann getrocknet. Anschließend wird eine etwa 1 bis 3 mm dicke Schicht der Anzündmasse, z.B. durch eine Breitschlitzdüse, auf die Außenoberfläche des Stützrohres 5 mit Hilfe einer Dosierkolbenpumpe gedrückt. Durch ihre thixotrope Einstellung, bedingt durch die Zumischung des Cellulosefasergemisches, bleibt die Anzündmasse auf dem Stützrohr stehen und haften. Das Stützrohr wird in einen Trockenkanal gebracht, in dem eine Temperatur von 30 - 60 °C und ein Unterdruck von ca. 700 mbar vorliegt. Dadurch entweicht das Lösemittel an der Oberfläche durch Verdunsten. Die Anzündmasse verarmt an Lösemittel und es bildet sich ein zusammenhängender Oberflächenfilm, der der in Fig.2 mit 9 bezeichneten Oberflächenschicht entspricht. Im Inneren unter der sich bildenden Oberflächenschicht 9 schäumt die Anzündmasse durch Verdampfen des Lösemittels auf und bildet eine sich erhärtende Schaumstruktur von einer Dicke, die -je nach gewählter Schichtdicke der Anzündmasse- zwischen 0,5 und 2 mm betragen soll. Die Dämpfe entweichen durch Poren in der Außenhaut. Sie werden in einer Kühlfalle niedergeschlagen und das Lösemittel zurückgewonnen.Before this ignition compound is applied to the
Auch auf der dem Stützrohr 5 zugewandten Seite bildet sich ein geschlossener Film der Anzündmasse, der an dem Stützrohr haften bleibt und der der in Fig.2 mit 8 bezeichneten Oberflächenschicht entspricht. Durch die Kapillarwirkung wird hier das Lösungsmittel in das poröse Stützrohr gezogen.Also on the side facing the
Anstatt die Hartschaumschicht direkt auf dem Stützrohr 5 aufzubringen, kann auch mit Hilfe eines Metall- oder Kunststoffträgers, welcher die Außenabmessungen des Stützrohres besitzt, ein entsprechender Formling hergestellt werden. Hierzu weist der Träger eine Oberfläche mit Sieblöchern auf und ist innen hohl. In das Innere des Trägers können dann die Dämpfe abgesaugt werden, wenn ein leichtes Vakuum angelegt wird. Über die Temperatur und das vorgelegte Vakuum kann die Dicke der Hartschaumschicht und dessen Porosität gesteuert werden. Nach dem Trockenprozeß kann mittels leichtem Überdruck die Hartschaumschicht, die die Abmessungen und die Kontur des Stützrohres angenommen hat, vom Träger abgezogen und auf das vorbereitete Stützrohr geschoben werden.Instead of applying the hard foam layer directly to the
Die Vorbereitung des Stützrohres erfolgt in diesem Fall dadurch, daß es beidseitig beispielsweise in einem Spritzvorgang lackiert wird. Dieser Lack liefert dann einerseits die Innenbeschichtung des gelochten Stützrohres 5. Andererseits bildet die Außenbeschichtung des Stützrohres mit dem Lack eine Klebeverbindung zwischen Stützrohr und dem übergeschobenen Hartschaumschicht-Formling.In this case, the support tube is prepared by coating it on both sides, for example in a spraying process. This varnish then provides the inner coating of the
- 11
- TreibladungsmodulPropellant charge module
- 22nd
- Behältercontainer
- 33rd
- TreibladungspulverPropellant powder
- 44th
- AnzündkanalIgnition channel
- 55
- StützrohrSupport tube
- 66
- Öffnungenopenings
- 77
- Anzündübertragungsladung, HartschaumschichtIgnition transfer charge, hard foam layer
- 88th
- Oberflächenschicht, TeilschichtSurface layer, partial layer
- 99
- Oberflächenschicht, TeilschichtSurface layer, partial layer
- 1010th
- innere Schicht, innere Teilschichtinner layer, inner sub-layer
- 1111
- pyrotechnische Lackschichtpyrotechnic paint layer
Claims (17)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4445991A DE4445991A1 (en) | 1994-12-22 | 1994-12-22 | Ignition system for propellant charges and method for producing such ignition systems |
| DE4445991 | 1994-12-22 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0718591A2 true EP0718591A2 (en) | 1996-06-26 |
| EP0718591A3 EP0718591A3 (en) | 1996-11-20 |
| EP0718591B1 EP0718591B1 (en) | 1998-01-28 |
Family
ID=6536726
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95118183A Expired - Lifetime EP0718591B1 (en) | 1994-12-22 | 1995-11-18 | Ignition device for propellant charges and manufacturing method for such an ignition device |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5670735A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0718591B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3699180B2 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4445991A1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL116483A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO309745B1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6415715B1 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2002-07-09 | Bofors Weapon Systems Ab | Method for initiating artillery propellant powder charges, artillery propellant powder charge module and artillery propellant powder charge |
| DE102008026645A1 (en) * | 2008-06-03 | 2009-12-10 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | propellant |
| WO2024114986A1 (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2024-06-06 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Ignition system, propellant charge and piece of ammunition |
Families Citing this family (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19635795C2 (en) * | 1996-09-04 | 2002-09-26 | Rheinmetall W & M Gmbh | Propellant charge for barrel weapons |
| US6224099B1 (en) | 1997-07-22 | 2001-05-01 | Cordant Technologies Inc. | Supplemental-restraint-system gas generating device with water-soluble polymeric binder |
| SE519296C2 (en) | 1997-08-14 | 2003-02-11 | Bofors Defence Ab | The booster module |
| US6170399B1 (en) | 1997-08-30 | 2001-01-09 | Cordant Technologies Inc. | Flares having igniters formed from extrudable igniter compositions |
| DE19738419A1 (en) * | 1997-09-03 | 1999-03-04 | Rheinmetall W & M Gmbh | Method of making a propellant lighter |
| DE19818337C1 (en) * | 1998-04-23 | 1999-11-18 | Buck Werke Gmbh & Co Kg | Pyrotechnic active mass with ignition and combustion accelerator |
| US6340175B1 (en) | 1998-10-14 | 2002-01-22 | Alliant Techsystems, Inc. | Air bag assemblies with foamed energetic igniters |
| US6598534B2 (en) * | 2001-06-04 | 2003-07-29 | Raytheon Company | Warhead with aligned projectiles |
| US6779462B2 (en) * | 2001-06-04 | 2004-08-24 | Raytheon Company | Kinetic energy rod warhead with optimal penetrators |
| US6910423B2 (en) * | 2001-08-23 | 2005-06-28 | Raytheon Company | Kinetic energy rod warhead with lower deployment angles |
| US7624682B2 (en) * | 2001-08-23 | 2009-12-01 | Raytheon Company | Kinetic energy rod warhead with lower deployment angles |
| US20050109234A1 (en) * | 2001-08-23 | 2005-05-26 | Lloyd Richard M. | Kinetic energy rod warhead with lower deployment angles |
| US8127686B2 (en) * | 2001-08-23 | 2012-03-06 | Raytheon Company | Kinetic energy rod warhead with aiming mechanism |
| US7624683B2 (en) | 2001-08-23 | 2009-12-01 | Raytheon Company | Kinetic energy rod warhead with projectile spacing |
| US7621222B2 (en) * | 2001-08-23 | 2009-11-24 | Raytheon Company | Kinetic energy rod warhead with lower deployment angles |
| US20060283348A1 (en) * | 2001-08-23 | 2006-12-21 | Lloyd Richard M | Kinetic energy rod warhead with self-aligning penetrators |
| KR100483315B1 (en) * | 2002-06-21 | 2005-04-18 | 주식회사 고려노벨화약 | Explosive vessel for slight shock and low noise |
| US7415917B2 (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2008-08-26 | Raytheon Company | Fixed deployed net for hit-to-kill vehicle |
| US7040235B1 (en) | 2002-08-29 | 2006-05-09 | Raytheon Company | Kinetic energy rod warhead with isotropic firing of the projectiles |
| US20060021538A1 (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2006-02-02 | Lloyd Richard M | Kinetic energy rod warhead deployment system |
| US6931994B2 (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2005-08-23 | Raytheon Company | Tandem warhead |
| US7017496B2 (en) | 2002-08-29 | 2006-03-28 | Raytheon Company | Kinetic energy rod warhead with imploding charge for isotropic firing of the penetrators |
| EP1737728A4 (en) | 2003-10-14 | 2009-07-08 | Raytheon Co | Mine counter measure system |
| US6920827B2 (en) * | 2003-10-31 | 2005-07-26 | Raytheon Company | Vehicle-borne system and method for countering an incoming threat |
| US20090320711A1 (en) | 2004-11-29 | 2009-12-31 | Lloyd Richard M | Munition |
| US20120260814A1 (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2012-10-18 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Advanced Muzzle Loader Ammunition |
| US8418623B2 (en) | 2010-04-02 | 2013-04-16 | Raytheon Company | Multi-point time spacing kinetic energy rod warhead and system |
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| EP0306616B1 (en) | 1987-09-11 | 1992-07-29 | Rheinmetall GmbH | Ignition transmission charge for a propellant charge |
| DE4223735A1 (en) | 1992-07-18 | 1994-01-20 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | Ignition system for propellant charges |
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| FR2509038B1 (en) * | 1981-07-03 | 1986-06-20 | France Etat | FAST IGNITER WITH DETONATING CORD |
| GB2160625A (en) * | 1984-05-12 | 1985-12-24 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | A propelling charge for large-calibre weapons |
| DE3432291A1 (en) * | 1984-09-01 | 1986-03-13 | Rheinmetall GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf | DRIVE CHARGE MODULE |
| DE3447276A1 (en) * | 1984-12-22 | 1986-06-26 | Diehl GmbH & Co, 8500 Nürnberg | Combustible cartridge |
| US5269224A (en) * | 1990-08-30 | 1993-12-14 | Olin Corporation | Caseless utilized ammunition charge module |
| GB9119907D0 (en) * | 1991-09-18 | 1991-10-30 | Secr Defence | Modular gun charge igniter |
| FR2710976B1 (en) * | 1993-10-05 | 1995-11-17 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | Elements of combustible containers for artillery ammunition, method of manufacturing and use of such elements. |
-
1994
- 1994-12-22 DE DE4445991A patent/DE4445991A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-11-18 EP EP95118183A patent/EP0718591B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-18 DE DE59501373T patent/DE59501373D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-11-21 NO NO954700A patent/NO309745B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-13 JP JP32431595A patent/JP3699180B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-21 IL IL11648395A patent/IL116483A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-22 US US08/577,393 patent/US5670735A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0306616B1 (en) | 1987-09-11 | 1992-07-29 | Rheinmetall GmbH | Ignition transmission charge for a propellant charge |
| DE4223735A1 (en) | 1992-07-18 | 1994-01-20 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | Ignition system for propellant charges |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6415715B1 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2002-07-09 | Bofors Weapon Systems Ab | Method for initiating artillery propellant powder charges, artillery propellant powder charge module and artillery propellant powder charge |
| DE102008026645A1 (en) * | 2008-06-03 | 2009-12-10 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | propellant |
| US8161882B2 (en) | 2008-06-03 | 2012-04-24 | Diehl Bgt Defense Gmbh & Co. Kg | Propellant charge |
| WO2024114986A1 (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2024-06-06 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Ignition system, propellant charge and piece of ammunition |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59501373D1 (en) | 1998-03-05 |
| IL116483A0 (en) | 1996-03-31 |
| NO954700L (en) | 1996-06-24 |
| JP3699180B2 (en) | 2005-09-28 |
| NO309745B1 (en) | 2001-03-19 |
| DE4445991A1 (en) | 1996-06-27 |
| US5670735A (en) | 1997-09-23 |
| NO954700D0 (en) | 1995-11-21 |
| JPH08219692A (en) | 1996-08-30 |
| IL116483A (en) | 2001-01-11 |
| EP0718591A3 (en) | 1996-11-20 |
| EP0718591B1 (en) | 1998-01-28 |
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