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EP0707737B1 - Active sound damper - Google Patents

Active sound damper Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0707737B1
EP0707737B1 EP94918733A EP94918733A EP0707737B1 EP 0707737 B1 EP0707737 B1 EP 0707737B1 EP 94918733 A EP94918733 A EP 94918733A EP 94918733 A EP94918733 A EP 94918733A EP 0707737 B1 EP0707737 B1 EP 0707737B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sound
pipe
loudspeaker
damper according
sound damper
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94918733A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0707737A1 (en
Inventor
Frank Jürgen LEHRINGER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Leistritz AG and Co Abgastechnik
Original Assignee
Leistritz AG and Co Abgastechnik
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Leistritz AG and Co Abgastechnik filed Critical Leistritz AG and Co Abgastechnik
Publication of EP0707737A1 publication Critical patent/EP0707737A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0707737B1 publication Critical patent/EP0707737B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/06Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using interference effect
    • F01N1/065Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using interference effect by using an active noise source, e.g. speakers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1785Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
    • G10K11/17857Geometric disposition, e.g. placement of microphones
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1785Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
    • G10K11/17861Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices using additional means for damping sound, e.g. using sound absorbing panels
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1787General system configurations
    • G10K11/17875General system configurations using an error signal without a reference signal, e.g. pure feedback
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/10Applications
    • G10K2210/103Three dimensional
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/10Applications
    • G10K2210/128Vehicles
    • G10K2210/1282Automobiles
    • G10K2210/12822Exhaust pipes or mufflers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/30Means
    • G10K2210/321Physical
    • G10K2210/3212Actuator details, e.g. composition or microstructure
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/30Means
    • G10K2210/321Physical
    • G10K2210/3214Architectures, e.g. special constructional features or arrangements of features
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/30Means
    • G10K2210/321Physical
    • G10K2210/3216Cancellation means disposed in the vicinity of the source
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02Details
    • H04R9/022Cooling arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an active silencer with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such silencers are used in silencing systems and reduce the sound level of a sound field that is perceived as disturbing.
  • the entire silencing system principally the silencer and a sensor Delivery of information about the expected noise and / or a control sensor to record the already damped or canceled noise.
  • the sensor signal corresponding to the noise level is fed to a control unit.
  • the sensor signal is processed there.
  • the processed sensor signal arrives as an electrical signal to a speaker.
  • the loudspeaker is a component of the silencer and emits compensation sound (anti-sound).
  • the speaker supplied electrical signal is calculated so that the two Sound fields of compensation sound and interference sound according to that known from physics Superimposing the principle of interference in opposite phases. This will cause the noise wiped out or at least significantly reduced.
  • the silencers disclosed there have one or more loudspeakers. Each speaker is in a compensation sound chamber.
  • the sound chambers with the loudspeakers are arranged laterally on the pipe jacket of the exhaust pipe, so that the direction of radiation of the loudspeaker runs radially to the exhaust pipe. Because of the lateral arrangement of the loudspeakers, a certain distance is required for the compensation sound waves in order to generate a homogeneous compensation sound field at the pipe mouth forming the radiation opening of the interference sound.
  • the compensation sound field generated in the sound chamber is routed via a pipe concentrically arranged around the exhaust pipe to the exhaust outlet.
  • the muffler is very space-consuming and structurally complicated. Because of their complicated outer contour, the manufacture of the known silencers is difficult from a manufacturing point of view and is therefore very cost-intensive.
  • An active sound attenuation system is known from EP-A-0 227 372 , in which the radiation directions of interference sound and compensation sound are aligned approximately in parallel.
  • the special arrangement of the loudspeaker generating the compensation sound requires a structurally very complicated and space-consuming silencer in order to be able to dampen the noise.
  • US-A-3 936 606 describes an active sound attenuation system in which the radiation directions of interference sound and compensation sound are also aligned approximately in parallel.
  • the loudspeaker generating the compensation sound is located within a guide tube that transports the noise.
  • This guide tube surrounds the loudspeaker with a considerable radial distance. This large radial distance and the effect of the loudspeaker as an obstacle to the propagation of the interference noise complicate the required over-phase overlay of interference noise and compensation noise. Adequate attenuation of the noise is not guaranteed.
  • AU-A-0 542 761 shows an electrodynamic loudspeaker with a concentrically arranged bass reflex tube.
  • the sound waves emitted by the loudspeaker membrane and the bass reflex tube overlap in a known manner in phase and thereby amplify the sound field of the loudspeaker in order to improve its efficiency, particularly in the lower frequency range.
  • this principle of the in-phase superimposition of two sound fields is completely unsuitable for an active sound attenuation system in which the background noise and the compensation sound are to be canceled out by superimposing them in phase.
  • the invention has for its object a silencer of the aforementioned Art to save space and in a geometrically simple way an opposite phase To achieve superimposition of noise and compensation sound.
  • the loudspeaker membrane radially surrounds the radiation opening.
  • Transmission lines for generation a homogeneous, suitable for superposition with the noise field Compensation sound field is completely eliminated.
  • This is an advantageous one Superimposition of noise and compensation noise is geometrically easy.
  • the silencer is thus considerably simplified in terms of design. Because of the discontinued Transmission distances and the concentric arrangement of the speaker the muffler is very space-saving. The space required can be saved as the rear cavity of the speaker for its low-frequency tuning be used. As a result, the muffler according to the invention is also in tight spaces Space conditions can be used.
  • the omitted transmission path between the loudspeaker and the radiation opening enables a simplified transfer function and thus a more precise coupling between a control sensor absorbing the damped noise and the Speaker. Since runtime delays are significantly reduced with this coupling, the loudspeaker reacts quickly and precisely to changing noise levels.
  • the Coupling e.g. through a control unit, can be done with technically simpler means will be realized.
  • the muffler is inexpensive overall at the same time increased efficiency.
  • the loudspeaker diaphragm is customary with respect to the longitudinal axis of the loudspeaker designed rotationally symmetrical. It therefore has a circular shape Cross section on. Deviating from this, the loudspeaker membrane can e.g. also one have an elliptical cross-sectional shape. As for the use of the silencer relevant wavelengths compared to the cross dimension of the speaker large there is still a flat compensation sound field. With different Cross-sectional shapes of the speaker diaphragm, the muffler is different Space can be adjusted even better.
  • the compact arrangement of the loudspeaker around the radiation opening also works a large speaker cone saves space.
  • the membrane area can therefore be chosen to be large. That way the large volume flow required for large compensation sound levels achieved smaller vibration amplitudes of the loudspeaker diaphragm. This means that constant compensation effect of the speaker the mechanical load the speaker diaphragm further reduced.
  • the reliable operation of the Loudspeaker is guaranteed over an even longer period.
  • the speaker works according to the known electrodynamic Drive principle.
  • electrodynamic loudspeakers With electrodynamic loudspeakers, the demand for is faster Adjustability and adaptation to changing noise levels well met.
  • a loudspeaker according to claim 3 is known, for example, from F. Hausdorf, Handbuch der loudspeaker technology, 3rd edition 1990, Copyright VISATON, p. 21 ff .
  • the conical structure of the loudspeaker enables its approximately concentric arrangement to the center of the radiation opening which emits the noise in a simple manner.
  • the speaker diaphragm and the radiation opening close in the axial direction of the speaker about flush. This ensures that the entire compensation sound field generated by the loudspeaker membrane for cancellation of the noise field is used.
  • the speaker membrane is e.g. funnel-shaped or designed as a flat membrane.
  • the radiation opening is the pipe mouth of a sound pipe.
  • the silencer according to the invention is therefore e.g. also with internal combustion engines applicable.
  • the magnet system which is very well known for the electrodynamic loudspeaker contains according to claim 6 in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the speaker running central bore so that the sound tube penetrate this bore can.
  • the sound tube not only serves to guide the noise, but also as a mechanical fixing aid for the speaker and thus also for the entire silencer.
  • the concentric arrangement of the speaker around that Sound tube therefore enables the silencer to be easily installed in terms of assembly technology.
  • the number of fasteners required for one mechanically tight fit of the speaker can be reduced.
  • the ring magnet for the pierced pole core in a known manner Radially surrounding formation of the magnet system.
  • the ring magnet therefore does not need to be additionally machined to radially surround the sound tube.
  • Claims 7 and 8 suggest a between the speaker and the sound tube effective radial distance as a closed space.
  • the space is closed, so that acoustic short circuits between the front and the back of the speaker can be avoided.
  • the radial distance has the advantage that the Speakers, especially the magnet system and the sensitive speaker membrane is not directly exposed to the influences of the sound tube. This is e.g. important if the sound tube is designed as a hot exhaust gas pipe is.
  • Claim 8 suggests thermal insulation between the speaker and the Sound pipe before a heat-insulating layer.
  • the insulating layer can with appropriate Layer thickness clamped between the sound tube and the magnet system lie in so that no further fixing means for fastening the insulating layer on the pipe casing of the sound tube are necessary. It is also advantageous if the Insulating layer apart from the pipe jacket section in the area of the magnet system also the pipe jacket sections in the area of the loudspeaker diaphragm and in the area covers the back of the speaker. This creates the insulating layer between the Speakers and the entire sound tube provide thermal insulation.
  • the thermal Insulation creates a temperature tube that is independent of temperature fluctuations Effect of the magnet system, so that the safe operation of the speaker is guaranteed is.
  • Claim 9 proposes an intermediate tube as an alternative insulating element.
  • the intermediate pipe surrounds the sound tube with a radial distance.
  • the intermediate tube acts as Heatsink and can absorb a large part of the heat radiated by the sound tube.
  • Claim 10 proposes a further measure for thermal insulation of the speaker opposite the sound tube.
  • Claim 11 suggests a further possibility of thermal insulation of the speaker or for its cooling.
  • This is the pipe channel between the sound pipe and the intermediate pipe coolant flowing through can e.g. Air or a fluid.
  • the pipe channel is in the axial direction on the front side of the membrane locked. This ensures that in the formation of the compensation sound field there is no additional side path, the required overlay of the compensation sound field with the interference sound field. Furthermore the closure creates a seal of the pipe channel against the front of the membrane. Accidental leakage of coolant on the front of the membrane is reliably avoided.
  • the insulating layer has a double function as an insulating element between the loudspeaker and the sound tube and as a sealing element for sealing of the pipe duct opposite the membrane front.
  • the intermediate tube concentrically surrounding the sound tube another function. It is designed as a bass reflex tube. Bass reflex tubes are known from hi-fi technology. Such an intermediate tube also improves its thermal insulation function the efficiency of the speaker assembly considerable in the lower frequency range.
  • the pole core radially surrounding the sound tube or - in the case the above-mentioned exchange of pole core and ring magnet - the magnetic core additionally pierced.
  • the bore is filled with a coolant, e.g. of air or one Fluid, flows through.
  • a coolant e.g. of air or one Fluid
  • the bore is e.g. With connected to a hose line.
  • the holes according to claim 16 are advantageous in Circumferential direction of the pole core or magnetic core evenly distributed in order to ensure an even To effect cooling of the entire magnetic system.
  • the holes are fluidly connected to each other. This connection can e.g. also be produced by a hose line.
  • the baffle according to claim 17 fulfills a double function. Supported on the one hand the mechanically tight fit of the loudspeaker within the silencer. For this purpose, the loudspeaker with the basket edge of its loudspeaker basket on the Baffle attached. On the other hand, the baffle separates in the axial direction of the speaker the membrane front from the membrane back and avoids in known Wise acoustic shorts.
  • the closed loudspeaker housing according to claim 18 completely avoids acoustic short circuits even at the lowest frequencies.
  • the compact arrangement of the Loudspeaker also allows the selection of a large cavity in the loudspeaker housing on the back of the membrane, without the overall space-saving structure of the silencer.
  • the cavity of the loudspeaker housing can also be used for the coupling between sensors and the loudspeaker include the electronics required.
  • the electronics are sufficient without further technical means electrically isolated and protected from mechanical damage. Outside of Loudspeaker housings are only part of the silencer or several sensors and their supply lines to the electronics. The entire silencer thus forms a compact unit.
  • the radiation opening is the mouth of a sound tube, then contains the loudspeaker housing apart from the recess in the baffle for inserting the loudspeaker there is a recess for a positive fit of the sound tube.
  • the silencer for silencing internal combustion engines suitable of any kind.
  • the silencer is e.g. can also be used in shipbuilding.
  • the sound pipe is the exhaust pipe one Motor vehicle.
  • the loudspeaker housing according to claim 20 is preferably made of Half shells assembled, as is usual with silencers in motor vehicle construction is.
  • outer contours adapted to the underbody of the motor vehicle are made possible the half-shells an additional enlarged cavity of the loudspeaker housing.
  • the half-shell construction enables the loudspeaker housing to be manufactured with all welding and welding known from silencer construction Folding techniques. Since these silencers are mass-produced, so is that Silencer according to the invention available inexpensively.
  • With the conventional The half-shells are stabilized by additional support floors. When using the conventional silencer housing as a loudspeaker housing can be dispensed with these support floors.
  • the speaker basket advantageously stabilizes even the half shells.
  • the muffler is therefore very low Component effort mechanically stable.
  • the small number supports of the components the assembly of the silencer is easy to assemble.
  • the Muffler according to the invention is thereby inexpensive as technically significant improved silencer can be used in motor vehicles.
  • Annoying air resonances or standing waves can occur in the loudspeaker housing form.
  • claim 21 proposes the cavity of the loudspeaker housing partially or with appropriate sound-absorbing materials to be filled in completely.
  • Claim 22 proposes an acoustically transparent perforated pipe to the Loudspeaker diaphragm in front of those emerging at the mouth of an exhaust pipe Protect exhaust gases improved.
  • the front pipe acts like one in the gas flow direction extended exhaust pipe. Due to the acoustically transparent Perforations in the front pipe continue to cause the interference sound immediately in front of the radiation opening extinguished.
  • the exhaust gases are inside in the gas flow direction of the front pipe away from the radiation opening. That way it is Speaker diaphragm neither very high exhaust gas temperatures nor the harmful exposed to the chemical composition of the exhaust gases.
  • the loudspeaker on its membrane front is also mechanical Damage e.g. well protected by external pressure or impact forces.
  • the grating opening for the passage of the radiation opening can also be used as a fixing aid serve when mounting the protective grille on the silencer.
  • a protective grid designed according to claim 24 also takes into account the space-saving construction of the silencer.
  • the bundling tube according to claim 25 concentrates the zone for the overlay from background noise and compensation noise in front of the radiation opening to a small one Room volume. This ensures that the largest possible proportion of the noise field is wiped out.
  • the bundling tube can also as an integral extension of the housing walls in the axial direction of the Be designed speaker. The bundling tube is then simply through the Baffle and / or the speaker in the axial direction separated from the rest of the housing.
  • Claim 26 takes into account a compact outer contour of the silencer.
  • the Attachment tube also protects the bundling tube from harmful exhaust gases.
  • Claim 27 proposes an acoustically transparent perforated protective grille, which on End collar of the bundling tube is attached.
  • This protective grille protects the entire interior enclosed by the bundling tube, i.e. also the speaker cone and, if necessary, the attachment pipe from mechanical damage.
  • a grille opening is not required for this protective grille provided the silencer has no attachment pipe.
  • the protective grille attached to the bundling tube in Combination with the protective grille according to claim 23 still protects the speaker more effective from damage.
  • the sensor for receiving the compensated Noise noise without additional technical measures against mechanical damage or other external influences well protected can be in simpler Way to be attached to the inner wall of the bundling tube. That’s why Bundling tube in addition to its bundling function also a mechanical protection and Support function for the sensor.
  • the radial distance of the sensor from the tube axis of the Bundling tube about 6/10 of the total distance between the tube axis and the inner wall of the bundling tube. Because of this particular distance the tube axis, the sensor is insensitive to the first radial resonance of the two superimposed sound fields. An incorrect detection of the sound compensation is thus avoided.
  • an attachment hood which is effective as a pressure chamber is mounted on the front side of the membrane.
  • This creates a pressure chamber loudspeaker as is known, for example, from F. Hausdorf, Handbuch der loudspeaker technology, 3rd edition 1990, Copyright VISATON, p. 28 ff .
  • the front cover and the pipe section significantly improve the adaptation of the loudspeaker diaphragm to the air. Accordingly, the efficiency of the silencer is increased in a simple manner.
  • the front cover and the pipe section protect the loudspeaker and the radiation opening very effectively against external mechanical influences.
  • the silencer according to the invention is very compact, space-saving and mechanical built stable. Because the described components of the muffler in many cases have a multiple function is the entire silencer with few components Easy to assemble and inexpensive to manufacture. Also a necessary exchange individual components, e.g. in repair cases is considerably simplified.
  • a loudspeaker 2 is in one closed speaker housing 3 used.
  • Speaker 2 is a cone speaker educated.
  • Essential components of the loudspeaker 2 are a loudspeaker membrane 4 widened like a funnel, a loudspeaker basket 5 surrounding the loudspeaker membrane like a funnel and an annular magnet system.
  • the magnet system has pole plates 6, 7, a ring magnet 8 lying between the pole plates 6, 7 and a pole core 9 radially surrounded by the ring magnet 8.
  • the construction and the mode of operation of the loudspeaker 2 are generally known and are described, for example, in F. Hausdorf, Handbuch der loudspeaker technology, 3rd edition 1990, copyright VISATON, p. 22 ff .
  • the pole plate 6 and the pole core 9 are centered in the axial direction 10 of the loudspeaker 2 pierced.
  • a dust protection cap usually oriented transversely to the axial direction 10 in the area of the speaker diaphragm 2 is not available.
  • the loudspeaker 2 can surround a sound tube 11 concentrically.
  • the pole core lies here 9 directly on the tubular casing of the sound tube 11.
  • the sound tube 11 penetrates form-fitting a recess 41 of the speaker cabinet 3 and serves Guidance of noise in the direction of sound guidance 12. The noise is then at the radiated as a radiation opening 13 effective tube mouth of the sound tube 11 to the outside.
  • the speaker 2 is oriented relative to the sound tube 11 so that the radiation opening 13 and a the funnel opening of the speaker basket 5 delimiting Insert basket edge 14 approximately in the same plane. This will make them conventional Transmission paths between the radiation opening 13 and a loudspeaker largely avoided.
  • the basket edge 14 is by a fastening means, not shown, on one Part of the loudspeaker housing 3 forming baffle 25 attached.
  • the pole 9 can - as shown in FIG. 1 - contain several bores 15.
  • the holes 15 are only indicated schematically.
  • the holes 15 are together fluidly connected and also only schematically shown cooling lines 16 connected. This creates a closed cooling circuit, through which a suitable coolant flows to cool the magnet system is.
  • the cooling circuit is either completely in the cavity 17 of the speaker cabinet 3 or the cooling lines 16 are connected to a suitable one Place out of the speaker cabinet 3 out.
  • a conventional silencer 18 in half-shell construction is shown in FIG. 2 and in FIG. 3 shown for exhaust pipes 19 in motor vehicles.
  • the outer contour of the silencer 18 is adapted to the underbody of the motor vehicle.
  • the silencer 18 consists of two half-shells 20, 21 which are connected by suitable connection techniques, e.g. Welding, are tightly connected to each other in a known manner.
  • connection techniques e.g. Welding
  • For mechanical Stabilization of the muffler 18 are located in the cavity thereof Support plates 22, 23 aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the exhaust pipe 19.
  • Sound absorption is sound-absorbing damping material in the cavity of the silencer 18 24 inserted.
  • the basic structure of the silencer 1 according to the invention can now advantageously be based on such a conventional silencer 18 are transmitted.
  • This will be the Damping material 24 and the support plate 23 through the exhaust pipe concentrically surrounding speaker 2 replaced, and an opening in the half-shells 20,21 for created the speaker 2 for emitting the compensation sound, as in Fig. 4 and in Fig. 5 can be seen.
  • the loudspeaker 2 has a dual function on the one hand, with its very stable speaker basket 5, the necessary mutual Support of the half-shells 20,21 for mechanical stabilization of the Muffler 18 and on the other hand, the radiation of the compensation sound Attenuation or cancellation of the exhaust noise.
  • the conventional passive silencer 18 inexpensive and technically simple to the inventive active silencer 1 converted.
  • One in Fig. 4 and in Fig. 5 not Cooling circuit shown for cooling the magnet system of the loudspeaker 2 can also be provided.
  • the basket rim 14 is fastened to a baffle 25. It contains approximately one the cross section of the basket edge 14 corresponding recess for inserting the Loudspeaker 2 in the axial direction 10.
  • the baffle 25, the basket edge 14 and the radiation opening 13 are approximately in the same plane. Closes the baffle 25 a room wall 26 on each side of the loudspeaker 2.
  • the room walls 26 are only indicated schematically and can be self-contained.
  • the baffle 25 and the room walls 26 close a room with the inside Noise. This can e.g. be a machine room.
  • Via ventilation pipes or the like creates a connection to the outside that is permeable to noise. In this case the sound pipe 11 the ventilation duct with the radiation opening 13 as a ventilation opening outward.
  • the noise emanating from a work or machine room is extinguished.
  • the back of the loudspeaker 2 must be encapsulated.
  • a housing-like encapsulation 42 is provided.
  • the sound tube 11 is in the area of the loudspeaker 2 with a radial distance of surrounded an intermediate tube 27.
  • the intermediate tube 27 extends in the axial direction 10 with its one pipe end beyond the pole plate 6 and ends with his other tube end at the radiation opening 13.
  • the pole core 9 lies on the tube jacket of the Intermediate tube 27 immediately.
  • the intermediate tube 27 consists of one for the thermal insulation of the speaker 2 from the sound tube 11 suitable Material. With the appropriate dimensioning of its dimensions, the intermediate tube acts 27 also in the manner of a bass reflex tube and thereby increases the efficiency of the silencer 1 when canceling the noise.
  • the intermediate tube 27 with its radiation opening 13 is in the axial direction 10 opposite pipe end outside the speaker housing 3 out.
  • pipe channel 28 is outside the loudspeaker housing 3 accessible.
  • a suitable coolant such as e.g. Air or a fluid for cooling the speaker 2 can be introduced.
  • the Pipe channel 28 of additional heat insulation between sound pipe 11 and loudspeaker 2 serve. 8 is the pipe channel 28 in the area of the magnet system of the speaker 2 filled by an insulating layer 29.
  • the loudspeaker housing 3 in FIG. 9 filled with sound absorbing damping material 30.
  • the damping material 30 covers the speaker diaphragm 4 in the axial direction 10 opposite Back wall of the speaker cabinet 3.
  • the sound tube 11 is at its radiation opening 13 through an attachment tube 31 in Sound guidance direction 12 extended. It is either as a separate component at the radiation opening 13 attached or made in one piece with the sound tube 11.
  • the inside diameter the sound tube 11 and the front tube 31 are approximately the same size.
  • the tubular jacket of the front pipe 31 contains a variety of acoustically transparent Perforations 32.
  • the acoustically transparent perforations 32 ensure at the same time the required superposition of the interference sound field and the compensation sound field according to the exemplary embodiments of the silencer 1 without the attachment pipe 31.
  • a bundling tube 34 is also shown in FIG. 10. It closes at the front the speaker membrane 4 on the basket edge 14 and extends in the axial direction 10. Viewed in the axial direction 10, the bundling tube 34 is aligned with it Loudspeaker housing 3.
  • the bundling tube 34 is either integral with the Loudspeaker housing 3 manufactured or as a separate component e.g. attached to the basket edge 14.
  • the bundling tube 34 bundles the radiated from the speaker membrane 4 Compensation sound waves. This creates in the area in front of the radiation opening 13 a concentrated overlay zone between the interference sound field and the compensation sound field. There is therefore a larger proportion of that generated by the loudspeaker 2 Compensation sound field available for canceling the noise. The efficiency of the silencer 1 is further improved.
  • the front of the speaker diaphragm 4 in the axial direction 10 is one plate-like, acoustically transparent perforated protective grille 35 covered. It is with Dashed line shown schematically.
  • the protective grid 35 lies approximately in the plane the basket rim 14 a. It contains a central grating opening 36 for the radiation opening 13.
  • the opposite end of the pipe edge 14 in the axial direction 10 of the Bundling tube 34 is connected to a further protective grid 35. Its lattice opening 36 radially surrounds the exhaust gas opening 33 of the attachment pipe 31 Tube of the bundling tube 34 connected protective grid 35 not only serves the mechanical damage protection of the speaker 2, but also that Protection of two control sensors attached to the inner wall of the bundling tube 34.
  • the two control sensors are each a microphone 37. They take the canceled or damped noise and give an appropriate sensor signal to the control unit so that the loudspeaker 2 as a function of the sensor signal is controlled.
  • the bundling tube 34 can on the inner wall the bundling tube 34 also other sensors or even a single sensor be attached.
  • the microphone or are the microphones 37 with respect to a tube axis 43 of the Bundling tube 34 arranged at a radial distance which is 0.6 times the Pipe radius 44 of the bundling tube 34.
  • the loudspeaker 2 is on its front side in the axial direction 10 of one Front chamber 38 covered like a hood.
  • the attachment chamber 38 is a rotationally symmetrical one Component with the tube axis of the sound tube 11 as an imaginary axis of rotation. It is with its edge areas by fasteners, not shown fixed to the edge of the basket 14.
  • the front chamber has 38 has a cross section which tapers conically in the axial direction 10.
  • the conical taper opens into a pipe section 39.
  • the sound tube 11 is in the direction of sound guidance 12 beyond the level of the basket rim 14 approximately up to the pipe section 39 extended. The latter delimits a chamber opening 40 and surrounds the sound tube 11 with radial distance.
  • FIG. 13 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the front chamber 38.
  • she is designed plate-like and lies plane-parallel to the plane of the basket rim 14.
  • the plate-like attachment chamber 38 is drilled centrally.
  • the hole is as a chamber opening 40 effective.
  • a pipe section 39 protrudes from the front chamber 38 in the axial direction 10.
  • the pipe section 39 the sound tube 11 and delimits the chamber opening 40.
  • the front chamber 38 and the pipe section 39 act in the manner of a pressure chamber and thereby transform the compensation sound emitted by the loudspeaker 2, before it is overlaid with the noise in the area of the radiation opening 13.
  • This transformation is the speaker diaphragm 4 better adapted to the air.
  • the efficiency of the silencer 1 is further improved.

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  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)

Abstract

An active sound damper (1) for compensating the interference noise radiated by an interference source through an exit aperture (13) comprises a loudspeaker (2) to give a compensating sound in such a way that the two sound fields of the interference noise and the compensating sound weaken or cancel each other through mutual interference. The longitudinal axis of the loudspeaker (2) is arranged approximately concentrically with the centre of the exit aperture (13) and its loudspeaker diaphragm (4) generating the compensating sound radially surrounds the exit aperture (13).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen aktiven Schalldämpfer mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to an active silencer with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Derartige Schalldämpfer werden in Schalldämpfungssystemen eingesetzt und reduzieren den Schallpegel eines als störend empfundenen Schallfeldes. Hierzu weist das gesamte Schalldämpfungssystem prinzipiell den Schalldämpfer sowie einen Sensor zur Abgabe von Informationen über den zu erwartenden Störschall und/oder einen Kontrollsensor zur Aufnahme des bereits gedämpften oder ausgelöschten Störschalls auf. Das dem Störschallpegel entsprechende Sensorsignal wird einer Kontrolleinheit zugeführt. Dort wird das Sensorsignal weiterverarbeitet. Das verarbeitete Sensorsignal gelangt als elektrisches Signal zu einem Lautsprecher. Der Lautsprecher ist Bestandteil des Schalldämpfers und strahlt Kompensationsschall (Antischall) ab. Das dem Lautsprecher zugeführte elektrische Signal ist dabei so berechnet, daß sich die beiden Schallfelder von Kompensationsschall und Störschall nach dem aus der Physik bekannten Prinzip der Interferenz gegenphasig überlagern. Dadurch wird der Störschall ausgelöscht oder zumindest erheblich reduziert.Such silencers are used in silencing systems and reduce the sound level of a sound field that is perceived as disturbing. For this, the entire silencing system principally the silencer and a sensor Delivery of information about the expected noise and / or a control sensor to record the already damped or canceled noise. The sensor signal corresponding to the noise level is fed to a control unit. The sensor signal is processed there. The processed sensor signal arrives as an electrical signal to a speaker. The loudspeaker is a component of the silencer and emits compensation sound (anti-sound). The speaker supplied electrical signal is calculated so that the two Sound fields of compensation sound and interference sound according to that known from physics Superimposing the principle of interference in opposite phases. This will cause the noise wiped out or at least significantly reduced.

Aus WO 91/15666 und aus US 5,097,923 sind aktive Schalldämpfer zur Reduzierung des Abgaslärms bei Kraftfahrzeugen bekannt. Die dort offenbarten Schalldämpfer weisen einen oder mehrere Lautsprecher auf. Jeder Lautsprecher befindet sich in einer Kompensationsschallkammer. Die Schallkammern mit den Lautsprechern sind seitlich am Rohrmantel des Abgasrohres angeordnet, so daß die Abstrahlungsrichtung des Lautsprechers radial zum Abgasrohr verläuft. Aufgrund der seitlichen Anordnung der Lautsprecher ist eine bestimmte Wegstrecke für die Kompensationsschallwellen notwendig, um an der die Abstrahlöffnung des Störschalls bildenden Rohrmündung ein homogenes Kompensationsschallfeld zu erzeugen. Zu diesem Zweck wird das in der Schall kammer erzeugte Kompensationsschallfeld über eine um das Abgasrohr konzentrisch angeordnete Rohrleitung zur Abgasmündung geführt. Dadurch ist der Schalldämpfer sehr raumaufwendig und konstruktiv kompliziert aufgebaut. Wegen ihrer komplizierten Außenkontur ist die Herstellung der vorbekannten Schalldämpfer fertigungstechnisch schwierig und somit sehr kostenintensiv.Active silencers for reducing exhaust gas noise in motor vehicles are known from WO 91/15666 and from US Pat. No. 5,097,923 . The silencers disclosed there have one or more loudspeakers. Each speaker is in a compensation sound chamber. The sound chambers with the loudspeakers are arranged laterally on the pipe jacket of the exhaust pipe, so that the direction of radiation of the loudspeaker runs radially to the exhaust pipe. Because of the lateral arrangement of the loudspeakers, a certain distance is required for the compensation sound waves in order to generate a homogeneous compensation sound field at the pipe mouth forming the radiation opening of the interference sound. For this purpose, the compensation sound field generated in the sound chamber is routed via a pipe concentrically arranged around the exhaust pipe to the exhaust outlet. As a result, the muffler is very space-consuming and structurally complicated. Because of their complicated outer contour, the manufacture of the known silencers is difficult from a manufacturing point of view and is therefore very cost-intensive.

Da die Einbauverhältnisse oft sehr beengt sind und der Schalldämpfer deshalb möglichst wenig Einbauraum beanspruchen soll, ist eine weitere Volumenvergrößerung des ohnehin bereits raumaufwendigen Schalldämpfers nur bedingt oder überhaupt nicht möglich. Jedoch ist gerade an der Rückseite des Lautsprechers ein möglichst großer Hohlraum wünschenswert, um eine tieffrequente Abstimmung des Lautsprechers zu erzielen. Bei den vorbekannten Schalldämpfern ist deshalb der Wirkungsgrad des Lautsprechers gering. Außerdem ist aufgrund der großen Übertragungsstrecke zwischen dem Lautsprecher und der Abstrahlöffnung des Abgasrohres die exakte Kopplung zwischen dem Kontrollsensor und dem Lautsprecher erschwert. Die Dämpfung des Störschalls ist deshalb ungenügend.Since the installation conditions are often very cramped and the silencer is therefore possible should take up little installation space is a further increase in volume of the muffler, which is already space-consuming anyway, only to a limited extent or not at all possible. However, there is a large one on the back of the speaker Cavity desirable for low-frequency tuning of the speaker too achieve. With the known silencers, the efficiency of the Speaker low. In addition, due to the large transmission path between the loudspeaker and the radiation opening of the exhaust pipe the exact coupling between the control sensor and the loudspeaker. The damping of the Noise is therefore insufficient.

Aus EP-A-0 227 372 ist ein aktives Schalldämpfungssystem bekannt, bei dem die Abstrahlungsrichtungen von Störschall und Kompensationsschall etwa parallel ausgerichtet sind. Die besondere Anordnung des den Kompensationsschall erzeugenden Lautsprechers erfordert jedoch einen konstruktiv sehr komplizierten und raumaufwendigen Schalldämpfer, um den Störschall dämpfen zu können.An active sound attenuation system is known from EP-A-0 227 372 , in which the radiation directions of interference sound and compensation sound are aligned approximately in parallel. However, the special arrangement of the loudspeaker generating the compensation sound requires a structurally very complicated and space-consuming silencer in order to be able to dampen the noise.

In US-A-3 936 606 ist ein aktives Schalldämpfungssystem beschrieben, bei dem die Abstrahlungsrichtungen von Störschall und Kompensationsschall ebenfalls etwa parallel ausgerichtet sind. Hierbei befindet sich der den Kompensationsschall erzeugende Lautsprecher innerhalb eines den Störschall transportierenden Führungsrohres. Dieses Führungsrohr umgibt den Lautsprecher mit erheblichem Radialabstand. Dieser große Radialabstand und die Wirkung des Lautsprechers als Hindernis bei der Ausbreitung des Störschalls verkomplizieren die erforderliche gegenphasige Überlagerung von Störschall und Kompensationsschall. Eine ausreichende Dämpfung des Störschalls ist nicht gewährleistet. US-A-3 936 606 describes an active sound attenuation system in which the radiation directions of interference sound and compensation sound are also aligned approximately in parallel. Here, the loudspeaker generating the compensation sound is located within a guide tube that transports the noise. This guide tube surrounds the loudspeaker with a considerable radial distance. This large radial distance and the effect of the loudspeaker as an obstacle to the propagation of the interference noise complicate the required over-phase overlay of interference noise and compensation noise. Adequate attenuation of the noise is not guaranteed.

AU-A-0 542 761 ist ein elektrodynamischer Lautsprecher mit einem konzentrisch angeordneten Baßreflexrohr entnehmbar. Die von der Lautsprechermembran und vom Baßreflexrohr abgestrahlten Schallwellen überlagern sich in bekannter Weise gleichphasig und verstärken dadurch das Schallfeld des Lautsprechers, um seinen Wirkungsgrad insbesondere im unteren Frequenzbereich zu verbessern. Dieses Prinzip der gleichphasigen Überlagerung zweier Schallfelder ist jedoch für ein aktives Schalldämpfungssystem, bei dem sich der Störschall und der Kompensationsschall durch gegenphasige Überlagerung auslöschen sollen, völlig ungeeignet. AU-A-0 542 761 shows an electrodynamic loudspeaker with a concentrically arranged bass reflex tube. The sound waves emitted by the loudspeaker membrane and the bass reflex tube overlap in a known manner in phase and thereby amplify the sound field of the loudspeaker in order to improve its efficiency, particularly in the lower frequency range. However, this principle of the in-phase superimposition of two sound fields is completely unsuitable for an active sound attenuation system in which the background noise and the compensation sound are to be canceled out by superimposing them in phase.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Schalldämpfer der eingangs genannten Art raumsparend zu gestalten und auf geometrisch einfache Art eine gegenphasige Überlagerung von Störschall und Kompensationsschall zu erzielen.The invention has for its object a silencer of the aforementioned Art to save space and in a geometrically simple way an opposite phase To achieve superimposition of noise and compensation sound.

Diese Aufgabe ist durch die Merkmalskombination des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Erfindungsgemäß umgibt die Lautsprechermembran die Abstrahlöffnung radial. Dadurch sind die Abstrahlungsrichtungen des Kompensationsschalls und des Störschalls von vornherein parallel zueinander ausgerichtet und die akustischen Mittelpunkte beider Schallfelder liegen auf einer gemeinsamen Achse. Ubertragungsstrecken zur Erzeugung eines homogenen, zur Überlagerung mit dem Störschallfeld geeigneten Kompensationsschallfeldes entfallen vollständig. Auf diese Weise ist eine vorteilhafte Überlagerung von Störschall und Kompensationsschall geometrisch einfach möglich. Der Schalldämpfer ist somit konstruktiv erheblich vereinfacht. Aufgrund der wegfallenden Ubertragungsstrecken und der konzentrischen Anordnung des Lautsprechers ist der Schalldämpfer sehr raumsparend aufgebaut. Der eingesparte Raumbedarf kann als rückwärtiger Hohlraum des Lautsprechers zu seiner tieffrequenten Abstimmung genutzt werden. Dadurch ist der erfindungsgemäße Schalldämpfer auch bei beengten Raumverhältnissen einsetzbar.This object is achieved by the combination of features of claim 1. According to the invention the loudspeaker membrane radially surrounds the radiation opening. Thereby are the radiation directions of the compensation sound and the noise from aligned in parallel to each other and the acoustic centers of both Sound fields lie on a common axis. Transmission lines for generation a homogeneous, suitable for superposition with the noise field Compensation sound field is completely eliminated. This is an advantageous one Superimposition of noise and compensation noise is geometrically easy. The silencer is thus considerably simplified in terms of design. Because of the discontinued Transmission distances and the concentric arrangement of the speaker the muffler is very space-saving. The space required can be saved as the rear cavity of the speaker for its low-frequency tuning be used. As a result, the muffler according to the invention is also in tight spaces Space conditions can be used.

Die wegfallende Übertragungsstrecke zwischen Lautsprecher und der Abstrahlöffnung ermöglicht eine vereinfachte Übertragungsfunktion und somit eine exaktere Kopplung zwischen einem den gedämpften Störschall aufnehmenden Kontrollsensor und dem Lautsprecher. Da Laufzeitverzögerungen bei dieser Kopplung erheblich reduziert sind, reagiert der Lautsprecher rasch und exakt auf sich verändernde Störschallpegel. Die Kopplung, z.B. durch eine Kontrolleinheit, kann dadurch mit technisch einfacheren Mitteln realisiert werden. Der Schalldämpfer ist insgesamt kostengünstig bei gleichzeitig erhöhtem Wirkungsgrad.The omitted transmission path between the loudspeaker and the radiation opening enables a simplified transfer function and thus a more precise coupling between a control sensor absorbing the damped noise and the Speaker. Since runtime delays are significantly reduced with this coupling, the loudspeaker reacts quickly and precisely to changing noise levels. The Coupling, e.g. through a control unit, can be done with technically simpler means will be realized. The muffler is inexpensive overall at the same time increased efficiency.

Aufgrund der geringen Streckendifferenz zwischen dem Lautsprecher und der Abstrahlöffnung entstehen störende Resonanzen erst bei hohen, für den Einsatz des Schalldämpfers nicht relevanter Frequenzen. Dadurch ist die Wirkungsweise des Schalldämpfers über den gesamten relevanten Frequenzbereich gleichmäßiger.Due to the small distance difference between the loudspeaker and the radiation opening disruptive resonances arise only at high, for the use of the Muffler of irrelevant frequencies. This is how the Muffler more uniform over the entire relevant frequency range.

Die Lautsprechermembran ist bezüglich der Längsachse des Lautsprechers üblicherweise rotationssymmetrisch ausgestaltet. Sie weist demzufolge einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt auf. Abweichend davon kann die Lautsprechermembran z.B. auch eine elliptische Querschnittsform aufweisen. Da die für die Anwendung des Schalldämpfers relevanten Wellenlängen im Vergleich zur Querabmessung des Lautsprechers groß sind, entsteht weiterhin ein ebenes Kompensationsschallfeld. Mit unterschiedlichen Querschnittsformen der Lautsprechermembran ist der Schalldämpfer an unterschiedliche Raumverhältnisse noch besser anpaßbar.The loudspeaker diaphragm is customary with respect to the longitudinal axis of the loudspeaker designed rotationally symmetrical. It therefore has a circular shape Cross section on. Deviating from this, the loudspeaker membrane can e.g. also one have an elliptical cross-sectional shape. As for the use of the silencer relevant wavelengths compared to the cross dimension of the speaker large there is still a flat compensation sound field. With different Cross-sectional shapes of the speaker diaphragm, the muffler is different Space can be adjusted even better.

Durch die kompakte Anordnung des Lautsprechers um die Abstrahlöffnung wirkt auch eine große Lautsprechermembran raumsparend. In vielen Einsatzfällen des Schalldämpfers kann deshalb die Membranfläche groß gewählt werden. Auf diese Weise wird der für große Kompensationsschallpegel erforderliche große Volumenstrom durch kleinere Schwingungsamplituden der Lautsprechermembran erzielt. Dadurch ist bei gleichbleibender Kompensationswirkung des Lautsprechers die mechanische Belastung der Lautsprechermembran weiter reduziert. Die zuverlässige Betriebsweise des Lautsprechers ist dadurch über einen noch größeren Zeitraum gewährleistet.The compact arrangement of the loudspeaker around the radiation opening also works a large speaker cone saves space. In many applications of the silencer the membrane area can therefore be chosen to be large. That way the large volume flow required for large compensation sound levels achieved smaller vibration amplitudes of the loudspeaker diaphragm. This means that constant compensation effect of the speaker the mechanical load the speaker diaphragm further reduced. The reliable operation of the Loudspeaker is guaranteed over an even longer period.

Für den zu verwendenden Lautsprecher können unterschiedliche Antriebsprinzipien und Konstruktionen der Lautsprechermembran ausgewählt werden.Different drive principles can be used for the loudspeaker to be used and constructions of the speaker membrane can be selected.

Gemäß Anspruch 2 arbeitet der Lautsprecher nach dem bekannten elektrodynamischen Antriebsprinzip. Bei elektrodynamischen Lautsprechern ist die Forderung nach schneller Einstellbarkeit und Anpassung an sich verändernde Störschallpegel gut erfüllt.According to claim 2, the speaker works according to the known electrodynamic Drive principle. With electrodynamic loudspeakers, the demand for is faster Adjustability and adaptation to changing noise levels well met.

Ein Lautsprecher gemäß Anspruch 3 ist z.B. aus F. Hausdorf, Handbuch der Lautsprechertechnik, 3. Aufl. 1990, Copyright VISATON, S. 21 ff. bekannt. Der konische Aufbau des Lautsprechers ermöglicht in einfacher Weise seine etwa konzentrische Anordnung zum Zentrum der den Störschall abstrahlenden Abstrahlöffnung.A loudspeaker according to claim 3 is known, for example, from F. Hausdorf, Handbuch der loudspeaker technology, 3rd edition 1990, Copyright VISATON, p. 21 ff . The conical structure of the loudspeaker enables its approximately concentric arrangement to the center of the radiation opening which emits the noise in a simple manner.

Nach Anspruch 4 schließen die Lautsprechermembran und die Abstrahlöffnung in Axialrichtung des Lautsprechers etwa bündig ab. Dadurch ist gewährleistet, daß das gesamte von der Lautsprechermembran erzeugte Kompensationsschallfeld zur Auslöschung des Störschallfeldes genutzt wird. Die Lautsprechermembran ist z.B. trichterförmig oder als Flachmembran ausgestaltet.According to claim 4, the speaker diaphragm and the radiation opening close in the axial direction of the speaker about flush. This ensures that the entire compensation sound field generated by the loudspeaker membrane for cancellation of the noise field is used. The speaker membrane is e.g. funnel-shaped or designed as a flat membrane.

Gemäß Anspruch 5 ist die Abstrahlöffnung die Rohrmündung eines Schallrohres. Der erfindungsgemäße Schalldämpfer ist deshalb z.B. auch bei Verbrennungsmotoren einsetzbar.According to claim 5, the radiation opening is the pipe mouth of a sound pipe. Of the silencer according to the invention is therefore e.g. also with internal combustion engines applicable.

Das bei dem elektrodynamischen Lautsprecher ganz allgemein bekannte Magnetsystem enthält nach Anspruch 6 eine in Richtung der Längsachse des Lautsprechers verlaufende zentrische Bohrung, damit das Schallrohr diese Bohrung durchsetzen kann. Auf diese Weise dient das Schallrohr nicht nur zur Führung des Störschalls, sondern auch als mechanische Fixierhilfe für den Lautsprecher und somit auch für den gesamten Schalldämpfer. Die konzentrische Anordnung des Lautsprechers um das Schallrohr ermöglicht deshalb einen montagetechnisch einfachen Einbau des Schalldämpfers. Außerdem kann die Anzahl der erforderlichen Befestigungsmittel für einen mechanisch festen Sitz des Lautsprechers reduziert werden.The magnet system, which is very well known for the electrodynamic loudspeaker contains according to claim 6 in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the speaker running central bore so that the sound tube penetrate this bore can. In this way, the sound tube not only serves to guide the noise, but also as a mechanical fixing aid for the speaker and thus also for the entire silencer. The concentric arrangement of the speaker around that Sound tube therefore enables the silencer to be easily installed in terms of assembly technology. In addition, the number of fasteners required for one mechanically tight fit of the speaker can be reduced.

Es sei erwähnt, daß der Ringmagnet den durchbohrten Polkern in bekannter Weise zur Ausbildung des Magnetsystems radial umgibt. Der Ringmagnet braucht deshalb nicht zusätzlich mechanisch bearbeitet zu werden, um das Schallrohr radial zu umgeben. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, den Polkern und den Ringmagneten zu vertauschen. In diesem Fall umgibt ein ringförmiger Pol einen durchbohrten Magnetkern.It should be mentioned that the ring magnet for the pierced pole core in a known manner Radially surrounding formation of the magnet system. The ring magnet therefore does not need to be additionally machined to radially surround the sound tube. It However, it is also possible to interchange the pole core and the ring magnet. In this In this case, an annular pole surrounds a pierced magnetic core.

Die Ansprüche 7 und 8 schlagen zwischen dem Lautsprecher und dem Schallrohr einen als verschlossenen Zwischenraum wirksamen Radialabstand vor. Der Zwischenraum ist verschlossen, damit akustische Kurzschlüsse zwischen der Vorderseite und der Rückseite des Lautsprechers vermieden werden. Der Radialabstand hat den Vorteil, daß der Lautsprecher, insbesondere das Magnetsystem und die empfindliche Lautsprechermembran nicht unmittelbar den Einflüssen des Schallrohres ausgesetzt ist. Dies ist z.B. wichtig, wenn das Schallrohr als ein heiße Abgase führendes Abgasrohr ausgestaltet ist.Claims 7 and 8 suggest a between the speaker and the sound tube effective radial distance as a closed space. The space is closed, so that acoustic short circuits between the front and the back of the speaker can be avoided. The radial distance has the advantage that the Speakers, especially the magnet system and the sensitive speaker membrane is not directly exposed to the influences of the sound tube. This is e.g. important if the sound tube is designed as a hot exhaust gas pipe is.

Anspruch 8 schlägt zur thermischen Isolierung zwischen dem Lautsprecher und dem Schallrohr eine wärmedämmende Isolierschicht vor. Die Isolierschicht kann bei entsprechender Schichtdicke zwischen dem Schallrohr und dem Magnetsystem eingeklemmt einliegen, so daß keine weiteren Fixiermittel zur Befestigung der Isolierschicht am Rohrmantel des Schallrohres notwendig sind. Vorteilhaft ist es weiterhin, wenn die Isolierschicht abgesehen vom Rohrmantelabschnitt im Bereich des Magnetsystems auch die Rohrmantelabschnitte im Bereich der Lautsprechermembran und im Bereich der Lautpsrecher-Rückseite abdeckt. Dadurch schafft die Isolierschicht zwischen dem Lautsprecher und dem gesamten Schallrohr eine thermische Isolierung. Die thermische Isolierung schafft eine von Temperaturschwankungen des Schallrohres unabhängige Wirkung des Magnetsystems, so daß die sichere Betriebsweise des Lautsprechers gewährleistet ist.Claim 8 suggests thermal insulation between the speaker and the Sound pipe before a heat-insulating layer. The insulating layer can with appropriate Layer thickness clamped between the sound tube and the magnet system lie in so that no further fixing means for fastening the insulating layer on the pipe casing of the sound tube are necessary. It is also advantageous if the Insulating layer apart from the pipe jacket section in the area of the magnet system also the pipe jacket sections in the area of the loudspeaker diaphragm and in the area covers the back of the speaker. This creates the insulating layer between the Speakers and the entire sound tube provide thermal insulation. The thermal Insulation creates a temperature tube that is independent of temperature fluctuations Effect of the magnet system, so that the safe operation of the speaker is guaranteed is.

Anspruch 9 schlägt als alternatives Isolierelement ein Zwischenrohr vor. Das Zwischenrohr umgibt das Schallrohr mit radialem Abstand. Das Zwischenrohr wirkt als Kühlkörper und kann einen Großteil der vom Schallrohr abgestrahlten Wärme aufnehmen.Claim 9 proposes an intermediate tube as an alternative insulating element. The intermediate pipe surrounds the sound tube with a radial distance. The intermediate tube acts as Heatsink and can absorb a large part of the heat radiated by the sound tube.

Anspruch 10 schlägt eine weitere Maßnahme zur thermischen Isolierung des Lautsprechers gegenüber dem Schallrohr vor.Claim 10 proposes a further measure for thermal insulation of the speaker opposite the sound tube.

Anspruch 11 schlägt eine weitere Möglichkeit der thermischen Isolierung des Lautsprechers bzw. zu seiner Kühlung vor. Das den Rohrkanal zwischen Schallrohr und Zwischenrohr durchströmende Kühlungsmittel kann z.B. Luft oder ein Fluid sein.Claim 11 suggests a further possibility of thermal insulation of the speaker or for its cooling. This is the pipe channel between the sound pipe and the intermediate pipe coolant flowing through can e.g. Air or a fluid.

Gemäß Anspruch 12 ist der Rohrkanal in Axialrichtung an der Membranvorderseite verschlossen. Dadurch ist gewährleistet, daß bei der Ausbildung des Kompensationsschallfeldes kein zusätzlicher Nebenweg entsteht, der die erforderliche Überlagerung des Kompensationsschallfeldes mit dem Störschallfeld beeinträchtigen könnte. Außerdem schafft der Verschluß eine Abdichtung des Rohrkanales gegenüber der Membranvorderseite. Ein versehentliches Austreten von Kühlungsmittel an der Membranvorderseite wird dadurch zuverlässig vermieden.According to claim 12, the pipe channel is in the axial direction on the front side of the membrane locked. This ensures that in the formation of the compensation sound field there is no additional side path, the required overlay of the compensation sound field with the interference sound field. Furthermore the closure creates a seal of the pipe channel against the front of the membrane. Accidental leakage of coolant on the front of the membrane is reliably avoided.

Gemäß Anspruch 13 hat die Isolierschicht eine Doppelfunktion als Isolierelement zwischen dem Lautsprecher und dem Schallrohr und als Verschlußelement zur Abdichtung des Rohrkanals gegenüber der Membranvorderseite.According to claim 13, the insulating layer has a double function as an insulating element between the loudspeaker and the sound tube and as a sealing element for sealing of the pipe duct opposite the membrane front.

Gemäß Anspruch 14 hat auch das das Schallrohr konzentrisch umgebende Zwischenrohr eine weitere Funktion. Es ist konstruktiv als Baßreflexrohr ausgestaltet. Baßreflexrohre sind aus der HiFi-Technik bekannt. Ein derartiges Zwischenrohr verbessert neben seiner thermischen Isolierfunktion den Wirkungsgrad der Lautsprecheranordnung im unteren Frequenzbereich erheblich.According to claim 14 also has the intermediate tube concentrically surrounding the sound tube another function. It is designed as a bass reflex tube. Bass reflex tubes are known from hi-fi technology. Such an intermediate tube also improves its thermal insulation function the efficiency of the speaker assembly considerable in the lower frequency range.

Gemäß Anspruch 15 und 16 ist eine Kühlung des Magnetsystems des Lautsprechers vorgesehen. Hierzu ist der das Schallrohr radial umgebende Polkern oder - im Falle des obenerwähnten Vertauschens von Polkern und Ringmagnet - der Magnetkern zusätzlich durchbohrt. Die Bohrung wird von einem Kühlungsmittel, z.B. von Luft oder einem Fluid, durchströmt. Um das Kühlungsmittel nach Art eines Kreislaufs dem Magnetsystem zuführen und von dort wieder abführen zu können, ist die Bohrung z.B. mit einer Schlauchleitung verbunden. Vorteilhaft sind die Bohrungen gemäß Anspruch 16 in Umfangsrichtung des Polkerns oder Magnetkerns gleichmäßig verteilt, um eine gleichmäßige Kühlung des gesamten Magnetsystms zu bewirken. Als Bestandteil eines Kühlungskreislaufes sind die Bohrungen miteinander fluidisch verbunden. Diese Verbindung kann z.B. ebenfalls durch eine Schlauchleitung hergestellt sein.According to claims 15 and 16 is a cooling of the magnet system of the speaker intended. For this purpose, the pole core radially surrounding the sound tube or - in the case the above-mentioned exchange of pole core and ring magnet - the magnetic core additionally pierced. The bore is filled with a coolant, e.g. of air or one Fluid, flows through. To the coolant in the manner of a circuit the magnet system supply and discharge from there, the bore is e.g. With connected to a hose line. The holes according to claim 16 are advantageous in Circumferential direction of the pole core or magnetic core evenly distributed in order to ensure an even To effect cooling of the entire magnetic system. As part of a cooling circuit the holes are fluidly connected to each other. This connection can e.g. also be produced by a hose line.

Die Schallwand gemäß Anspruch 17 erfüllt eine Doppelfunktion. Einerseits unterstützt sie den mechanisch festen Sitz des Lautsprechers innerhalb des Schalldämpfers. Hierzu wird der Lautsprecher mit dem Korbrand seines Lautsprecherkorbes an der Schallwand befestigt. Andererseits trennt die Schallwand in Axialrichtung des Lautsprechers die Membranvorderseite von der Membranrückseite und vermeidet in bekannter Weise akustische Kurzschlüsse.The baffle according to claim 17 fulfills a double function. Supported on the one hand the mechanically tight fit of the loudspeaker within the silencer. For this purpose, the loudspeaker with the basket edge of its loudspeaker basket on the Baffle attached. On the other hand, the baffle separates in the axial direction of the speaker the membrane front from the membrane back and avoids in known Wise acoustic shorts.

Das geschlossene Lautsprechergehäuse gemäß Anspruch 18 vermeidet vollständig akustische Kurzschlüsse auch bei tiefsten Frequenzen. Die kompakte Anordnung des Lautsprechers ermöglicht die Auswahl auch eines großen Hohlraumes des Lautsprechergehäuses an der Membranrückseite, ohne den insgesamt raumsparenden Aufbau des Schalldämpfers zu beeinträchtigen.The closed loudspeaker housing according to claim 18 completely avoids acoustic short circuits even at the lowest frequencies. The compact arrangement of the Loudspeaker also allows the selection of a large cavity in the loudspeaker housing on the back of the membrane, without the overall space-saving structure of the silencer.

In einer weiteren Funktion kann der Hohlraum des Lautsprechergehäuses auch die für die Kopplung zwischen Sensoren und dem Lautsprecher erforderliche Elektronik aufnehmen. In diesem Fall ist die Elektronik ohne weitere technische Mittel ausreichend elektrisch isoliert und vor mechanischen Beschädigungen geschützt. Außerhalb des Lautsprechergehäuses befinden sich als Bestandteile des Schalldämpfers lediglich ein oder mehrere Sensoren sowie deren Zuleitungen zur Elektronik. Der gesamte Schalldämpfer bildet dadurch eine kompakte Einheit.In a further function, the cavity of the loudspeaker housing can also be used for the coupling between sensors and the loudspeaker include the electronics required. In this case, the electronics are sufficient without further technical means electrically isolated and protected from mechanical damage. Outside of Loudspeaker housings are only part of the silencer or several sensors and their supply lines to the electronics. The entire silencer thus forms a compact unit.

Handelt es sich bei der Abstrahlöffnung um die Rohrmündung eines Schallrohres, so enthält das Lautsprechergehäuse abgesehen von der Aussparung in der Schallwand zum Einsetzen des Lautsprechers noch eine Aussparung zur formschlüssigen Durchführung des Schallrohres.If the radiation opening is the mouth of a sound tube, then contains the loudspeaker housing apart from the recess in the baffle for inserting the loudspeaker there is a recess for a positive fit of the sound tube.

Gemäß Anspruch 19 ist der Schalldämpfer zur Schalldämpfung bei Verbrennungsmotoren jeglicher Art geeignet. Der Schalldämpfer ist z.B. auch im Schiffsbau einsetzbar.According to claim 19, the silencer for silencing internal combustion engines suitable of any kind. The silencer is e.g. can also be used in shipbuilding.

Gemäß Anspruch 20 handelt es sich bei dem Schallrohr um das Abgasrohr eines Kraftfahrzeuges. Das Lautsprechergehäuse nach Anspruch 20 ist vorzugsweise aus Halbschalen zusammengesetzt, wie dies bei Schalldämpfern im Kraftfahrzeugbau üblich ist. Hierbei ermöglichen an den Unterboden des Kraftfahrzeuges angepaßte Außenkonturen der Halbschalen einen zusätzlich vergrößerten Hohlraum des Lautsprechergehäuses. Die Halbschalenbauweise ermöglicht eine Fertigung des Lautsprechergehäuses mit allen aus dem Schalldämpferbau bekannten Schweiß- und Falztechniken. Da diese Schalldämpfer als Massenware hergestellt sind, ist auch der erfindungsgemäße Schalldämpfer kostengünstig erhältlich. Beim herkömmlichen Schalldämpferbau werden die Halbschalen durch zusätzliche Stützböden stabilisiert. Bei Verwendung des herkömmlichen Schalldämpfergehäuses als Lautsprechergehäuse kann auf diese Stützböden verzichtet werden. Vorteilhaft stabilisiert der Lautsprecherkorb selbst die Halbschalen. Der Schalldämpfer ist deshalb mit sehr geringem Bauteileaufwand mechanisch stabil aufgebaut. Gleichzeitig unterstützt die geringe Anzahl der Bauteile den montagefreundlichen Zusammenbau des Schalldämpfers. Der erfindungsgemäße Schalldämpfer ist dadurch kostengünstig als technisch erheblich verbesserter Schalldämpfer bei Kraftfahrzeugen einsetzbar.According to claim 20, the sound pipe is the exhaust pipe one Motor vehicle. The loudspeaker housing according to claim 20 is preferably made of Half shells assembled, as is usual with silencers in motor vehicle construction is. Here, outer contours adapted to the underbody of the motor vehicle are made possible the half-shells an additional enlarged cavity of the loudspeaker housing. The half-shell construction enables the loudspeaker housing to be manufactured with all welding and welding known from silencer construction Folding techniques. Since these silencers are mass-produced, so is that Silencer according to the invention available inexpensively. With the conventional The half-shells are stabilized by additional support floors. When using the conventional silencer housing as a loudspeaker housing can be dispensed with these support floors. The speaker basket advantageously stabilizes even the half shells. The muffler is therefore very low Component effort mechanically stable. At the same time, the small number supports of the components, the assembly of the silencer is easy to assemble. Of the Muffler according to the invention is thereby inexpensive as technically significant improved silencer can be used in motor vehicles.

Im Lautsprechergehäuse können sich störende Luftresonanzen oder stehende Wellen ausbilden. Zu deren Bedämpfung schlägt Anspruch 21 vor, den Hohlraum des Lautsprechergehäuses mit entsprechenden schallschluckenden Materialien teilweise oder vollständig auszufüllen.Annoying air resonances or standing waves can occur in the loudspeaker housing form. To dampen it, claim 21 proposes the cavity of the loudspeaker housing partially or with appropriate sound-absorbing materials to be filled in completely.

Anspruch 22 schlägt ein akustisch transparent perforiertes Vorsatzrohr vor, um die Lautsprechermembran vor den an der Rohrmündung eines Abgasrohres austretenden Abgasen verbessert zu schützen. Hierzu wirkt das Vorsatzrohr wie ein in Gasströmungsrichtung verlängertes Abgasrohr. Bedingt durch die akustisch transparenten Perforationen des Vorsatzrohres wird der Störschall weiterhin unmittelbar vor der Abstrahlöffnung ausgelöscht. Die Abgase werden jedoch in Gasströmungsrichtung innerhalb des Vorsatzrohres von der Abstrahlöffnung weggeführt. Auf diese Weise ist die Lautsprechermembran weder sehr hohen Abgastemperaturen noch der schädlichen chemischen Zusammensetzung der Abgase ausgesetzt.Claim 22 proposes an acoustically transparent perforated pipe to the Loudspeaker diaphragm in front of those emerging at the mouth of an exhaust pipe Protect exhaust gases improved. For this purpose, the front pipe acts like one in the gas flow direction extended exhaust pipe. Due to the acoustically transparent Perforations in the front pipe continue to cause the interference sound immediately in front of the radiation opening extinguished. However, the exhaust gases are inside in the gas flow direction of the front pipe away from the radiation opening. That way it is Speaker diaphragm neither very high exhaust gas temperatures nor the harmful exposed to the chemical composition of the exhaust gases.

Nach Anspruch 23 ist der Lautsprecher an seiner Membranvorderseite auch vor mechanischen Beschädigungen z.B. durch äußere Druck- oder Schlagkräfte, gut geschützt. Die Gitteröffnung zum Durchlaß der Abstrahlöffnung kann dabei auch als Fixierhilfe bei der Montage des Schutzgitters am Schalldämpfer dienen.According to claim 23, the loudspeaker on its membrane front is also mechanical Damage e.g. well protected by external pressure or impact forces. The grating opening for the passage of the radiation opening can also be used as a fixing aid serve when mounting the protective grille on the silencer.

Ein gemäß Anspruch 24 plattenartig ausgestaltetes Schutzgitter berücksichtigt weiterhin den raumsparenden Aufbau des Schalldämpfers.A protective grid designed according to claim 24 also takes into account the space-saving construction of the silencer.

Das Bündelungsrohr gemäß Anspruch 25 konzentriert die Zone für die Überlagerung von Störschall und Kompensationsschall vor der Abstrahlöffnung auf ein kleines Raumvolumen. Dies gewährleistet, daß ein möglichst großer Anteil des Störschallfeldes ausgelöscht wird.The bundling tube according to claim 25 concentrates the zone for the overlay from background noise and compensation noise in front of the radiation opening to a small one Room volume. This ensures that the largest possible proportion of the noise field is wiped out.

Ist der Lautsprecher in ein Lautsprechergehäuse eingesetzt, so kann das Bündelungsrohr auch als einstückige Verlängerung der Gehäusewände in Axialrichtung des Lautsprechers ausgestaltet sein. Das Bündelungsrohr ist dann einfach durch die Schallwand und/oder den Lautsprecher in Axialrichtung vom übrigen Gehäuse getrennt.If the loudspeaker is inserted into a loudspeaker housing, the bundling tube can also as an integral extension of the housing walls in the axial direction of the Be designed speaker. The bundling tube is then simply through the Baffle and / or the speaker in the axial direction separated from the rest of the housing.

Anspruch 26 berücksichtigt eine kompakte Außenkontur des Schalldämpfers. Das Vorsatzrohr schützt auch das Bündelungsrohr vor schädlichen Abgasen.Claim 26 takes into account a compact outer contour of the silencer. The Attachment tube also protects the bundling tube from harmful exhaust gases.

Anspruch 27 schlägt ein akustisch transparent perforiertes Schutzgitter vor, welches am Abschlußbund des Bündelungsrohres befestigt wird. Dieses Schutzgitter schützt den gesamten vom Bündelungsrohr eingeschlossenen Innenraum, d.h. auch die Lautsprechermembran und gegebenenfalls das Vorsatzrohr vor mechanischen Beschädigungen. Für dieses Schutzgitter ist eine Gitteröffnung nicht erforderlich, sofern der Schalldämpfer kein Vorsatzrohr aufweist. Das am Bündelungsrohr befestigte Schutzgitter in Kombination mit dem Schutzgitter gemäß Anspruch 23 schützt den Lautsprecher noch wirksamer vor Beschädigungen.Claim 27 proposes an acoustically transparent perforated protective grille, which on End collar of the bundling tube is attached. This protective grille protects the entire interior enclosed by the bundling tube, i.e. also the speaker cone and, if necessary, the attachment pipe from mechanical damage. A grille opening is not required for this protective grille provided the silencer has no attachment pipe. The protective grille attached to the bundling tube in Combination with the protective grille according to claim 23 still protects the speaker more effective from damage.

Gemäß den Ansprüchen 28 bis 30 ist der Sensor zur Aufnahme des kompensierten Störschalls ohne zusätzliche technische Maßnahmen vor mechanischen Beschädigungen oder anderen äußeren Einflüssen gut geschützt. Der Sensor kann in einfacher Weise an der Innenwand des Bündelungsrohres befestigt werden. Dadurch hat das Bündelungsrohr neben seiner Bündelungsfunktion auch eine mechanische Schutz- und Tragfunktion für den Sensor. According to claims 28 to 30, the sensor for receiving the compensated Noise noise without additional technical measures against mechanical damage or other external influences well protected. The sensor can be in simpler Way to be attached to the inner wall of the bundling tube. That’s why Bundling tube in addition to its bundling function also a mechanical protection and Support function for the sensor.

Für eine verbesserte Detektierung der Schallkompensation können nach Anspruch 28 mehrere am Bündelungsrohr fixierte Sensoren vorgesehen sein. Ein mit mehreren Sensoren ausgestatteter Schalldämpfer kann auch dann eingesetzt werden, wenn ein Sensor defekt ist. Dadurch ist die reparaturfreie Betriebsdauer des Schalldämpfers mit hohem Wirkungsgrad weiter verlängert. Mehrere Sensoren können in Umfangsrichtung des Bündelungsrohres z. B. mit gleichem Umfangsabstand angeordnet sein.For improved detection of sound compensation, according to claim 28 several sensors fixed to the bundling tube can be provided. One with several Silencers equipped with sensors can also be used when a Sensor is defective. This means that the silencer is free of repair high efficiency further extended. Several sensors can be used in the circumferential direction the bundling tube z. B. be arranged with the same circumferential distance.

Nach Anspruch 30 beträgt der Radialabstand des Sensors von der Rohrachse des Bündelungsrohres etwa 6/10 des gesamten Abstandes zwischen der Rohrachse und der Innenwand des Bündelungsrohres. Durch diesen besonderen Abstand bezüglich der Rohrachse ist der Sensor unempfindlich gegenüber der ersten Radialresonanz der beiden überlagerten Schallfelder. Eine fehlerhafte Detektierung der Schallkompensation wird somit vermieden.According to claim 30, the radial distance of the sensor from the tube axis of the Bundling tube about 6/10 of the total distance between the tube axis and the inner wall of the bundling tube. Because of this particular distance the tube axis, the sensor is insensitive to the first radial resonance of the two superimposed sound fields. An incorrect detection of the sound compensation is thus avoided.

Gemäß den Ansprüchen 32 und 33 ist auf der Membranvorderseite eine als Druckkammer wirksame Vorsatzhaube montiert. Dadurch entsteht ein Druckkammerlautsprecher, wie er z.B. aus F. Hausdorf, Handbuch der Lautsprechertechnik, 3. Aufl. 1990, Copyright VISATON, S. 28 ff. bekannt ist. Die Vorsatzhaube und das Rohrstück verbessern die Anpassung der Lautsprechermembran an die Luft erheblich. Entsprechend ist der Wirkungsgrad des Schalldämpfers in einfacher Weise erhöht. In einer weiteren Funktion schützen die Vorsatzhaube und das Rohrstück den Lautsprecher und die Abstrahlöffnung sehr wirksam gegen äußere mechanische Einflüsse.According to claims 32 and 33, an attachment hood which is effective as a pressure chamber is mounted on the front side of the membrane. This creates a pressure chamber loudspeaker, as is known, for example, from F. Hausdorf, Handbuch der loudspeaker technology, 3rd edition 1990, Copyright VISATON, p. 28 ff . The front cover and the pipe section significantly improve the adaptation of the loudspeaker diaphragm to the air. Accordingly, the efficiency of the silencer is increased in a simple manner. In another function, the front cover and the pipe section protect the loudspeaker and the radiation opening very effectively against external mechanical influences.

Der erfindungsgemäße Schalldämpfer ist sehr kompakt, raumsparend und mechanisch stabil aufgebaut. Da die beschriebenen Bauteile des Schalldämpfers in vielen Fällen eine Mehrfachfunktion haben, ist der gesamte Schalldämpfer mit wenigen Bauteilen montagefreundlich und kostengünstig herstellbar. Auch ein notwendiger Austausch einzelner Bauteile, z.B. in Reparaturfällen, ist erheblich vereinfacht.The silencer according to the invention is very compact, space-saving and mechanical built stable. Because the described components of the muffler in many cases have a multiple function is the entire silencer with few components Easy to assemble and inexpensive to manufacture. Also a necessary exchange individual components, e.g. in repair cases is considerably simplified.

Der Erfindungsgegenstand wird anhand der in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Seitenansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Schalldämpfers mit einem Lautsprecher im Querschnitt,
Fig. 2
die Schnittdarstellung eines herkömmlichen Schalldämpfers für Abgasanlagen bei Kraftfahrzeugen entsprechend der Schnittlinie II-II in Fig. 3,
Fig. 3
die Schnittdarstellung des herkömmlichen Schalldämpfers entsprechend der Schnittlinie III-III in Fig. 2,
Fig. 4
eine Schnittdarstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Schalldämpfers für Abgasanlagen bei Kraftfahrzeugen entsprechend der Schnittlinie IV-IV in Fig. 5,
Fig. 5
die Schnittdarstellung des Schalldämpfers entsprechend der Schnittlinie V-V in Fig. 4,
Fig. 6
bis
Fig. 13
die Seitenansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Schalldämpfers in weiteren Ausführungsformen.
The subject matter of the invention is explained in more detail using the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures. Show it:
Fig. 1
a side view of the muffler according to the invention with a speaker in cross section,
Fig. 2
the sectional view of a conventional silencer for exhaust systems in motor vehicles according to section line II-II in Fig. 3,
Fig. 3
the sectional view of the conventional silencer according to the section line III-III in Fig. 2,
Fig. 4
5 shows a sectional illustration of the silencer according to the invention for exhaust systems in motor vehicles in accordance with section line IV-IV in FIG. 5,
Fig. 5
the sectional view of the silencer according to the section line VV in Fig. 4,
Fig. 6
to
Fig. 13
the side view of the muffler according to the invention in further embodiments.

Bei dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten aktiven Schalldämpfer 1 ist ein Lautsprecher 2 in ein geschlossenes Lautsprechergehäuse 3 eingesetzt. Der Lautsprecher 2 ist als Konuslautsprecher ausgebildet.In the active silencer 1 shown in FIG. 1, a loudspeaker 2 is in one closed speaker housing 3 used. Speaker 2 is a cone speaker educated.

Wesentliche Bestandteile des Lautsprechers 2 sind eine trichterartig aufgeweitete Lautsprechermembran 4, ein die Lautsprechermembran trichterartig umgebender Lautsprecherkorb 5 sowie ein ringförmiges Magnetsystem. Das Magnetsystem weist Polplatten 6,7, einen zwischen den Polplatten 6,7 einliegenden Ringmagneten 8 sowie einen vom Ringmagneten 8 radial umgebenen Polkern 9 auf. Die Konstruktion und die Wirkungsweise des Lautsprechers 2 sind allgemein bekannt und z.B. in F. Hausdorf, Handbuch der Lautsprechertechnik, 3. Aufl. 1990, Copyright VISATON, S. 22 ff. beschrieben.Essential components of the loudspeaker 2 are a loudspeaker membrane 4 widened like a funnel, a loudspeaker basket 5 surrounding the loudspeaker membrane like a funnel and an annular magnet system. The magnet system has pole plates 6, 7, a ring magnet 8 lying between the pole plates 6, 7 and a pole core 9 radially surrounded by the ring magnet 8. The construction and the mode of operation of the loudspeaker 2 are generally known and are described, for example, in F. Hausdorf, Handbuch der loudspeaker technology, 3rd edition 1990, copyright VISATON, p. 22 ff .

Die Polplatte 6 und der Polkern 9 sind in Axialrichtung 10 des Lautsprechers 2 zentrisch durchbohrt. Eine üblicherweise quer zur Axialrichtung 10 ausgerichtete Staubschutzkalotte im Bereich der Lautsprechermembran 2 ist nicht vorhanden. Auf diese Weise kann der Lautsprecher 2 ein Schallrohr 11 konzentrisch umgeben. Dabei liegt der Polkern 9 unmittelbar am Rohrmantel des Schallrohres 11 an. Das Schallrohr 11 durchsetzt formschlüssig eine Aussparung 41 des Lautsprechergehäuses 3 und dient der Führung von Störschall in Schallführungsrichtung 12. Der Störschall wird dann an der als Abstrahlöffnung 13 wirksamen Rohrmündung des Schallrohres 11 nach außen abgestrahlt. Der Lautsprecher 2 ist relativ zum Schallrohr 11 so ausgerichtet, daß die Abstrahlöffnung 13 und ein die Trichteröffnung des Lautsprecherkorbes 5 begrenzender Korbrand 14 etwa in der gleichen Ebene einliegen. Dadurch werden herkömmlich übliche Übertragungsstrecken zwischen der Abstrahlöffnung 13 und einem Lautsprecher weitgehend vermieden.The pole plate 6 and the pole core 9 are centered in the axial direction 10 of the loudspeaker 2 pierced. A dust protection cap usually oriented transversely to the axial direction 10 in the area of the speaker diaphragm 2 is not available. In this way the loudspeaker 2 can surround a sound tube 11 concentrically. The pole core lies here 9 directly on the tubular casing of the sound tube 11. The sound tube 11 penetrates form-fitting a recess 41 of the speaker cabinet 3 and serves Guidance of noise in the direction of sound guidance 12. The noise is then at the radiated as a radiation opening 13 effective tube mouth of the sound tube 11 to the outside. The speaker 2 is oriented relative to the sound tube 11 so that the radiation opening 13 and a the funnel opening of the speaker basket 5 delimiting Insert basket edge 14 approximately in the same plane. This will make them conventional Transmission paths between the radiation opening 13 and a loudspeaker largely avoided.

Der Korbrand 14 ist durch nicht näher dargestellte Befestigungsmittel an einer einen Bestandteil des Lautsprechergehäuses 3 bildenden Schallwand 25 befestigt. The basket edge 14 is by a fastening means, not shown, on one Part of the loudspeaker housing 3 forming baffle 25 attached.

Werden im Schallrohr 11 Abgase mit entsprechend hohen Abgastemperaturen geführt, so kann der Polkem 9 - wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt - mehrere Bohrungen 15 enthalten. Die Bohrungen 15 sind lediglich schematisch angedeutet. Die Bohrungen 15 sind miteinander fluidisch verbunden und an ebenfalls lediglich schematisch dargestellte Kühlungsleitungen 16 angeschlossen. Dadurch entsteht ein geschlossener Kühlungskreislauf, der von einem geeigneten Kühlungsmittel zur Kühlung des Magnetsystems durchflossen ist. Der Kühlungskreislauf befindet sich entweder vollständig im Hohlraum 17 des Lautsprechergehäuses 3 oder die Kühlungsleitungen 16 werden an einer geeigneten Stelle aus dem Lautsprechergehäuse 3 hinausgeführt.If 11 exhaust gases with correspondingly high exhaust gas temperatures are conducted in the sound tube, the pole 9 can - as shown in FIG. 1 - contain several bores 15. The holes 15 are only indicated schematically. The holes 15 are together fluidly connected and also only schematically shown cooling lines 16 connected. This creates a closed cooling circuit, through which a suitable coolant flows to cool the magnet system is. The cooling circuit is either completely in the cavity 17 of the speaker cabinet 3 or the cooling lines 16 are connected to a suitable one Place out of the speaker cabinet 3 out.

In Fig. 2 und in Fig. 3 ist in Halbschalenbauweise ein herkömmlicher Schalldämpfer 18 für Abgasrohre 19 bei Kraftfahrzeugen dargestellt. Die Außenkontur des Schalldämpfers 18 ist an den Unterboden des Kraftfahrzeuges angepaßt. Der Schalldämpfer 18 besteht aus zwei Halbschalen 20,21, die durch geeignete Verbindungstechniken, z.B. Verschweißung, in bekannter Weise miteinander dicht verbunden sind. Zur mechanischen Stabilisierung des Schalldämpfers 18 befinden sich in dessen Hohlraum etwa senkrecht zur Längsachse des Abgasrohres 19 ausgerichtete Stützplatten 22,23. Zur Schalldämpfung ist im Hohlraum des Schalldämpfers 18 schallschluckendes Dämpfungsmaterial 24 eingelegt.A conventional silencer 18 in half-shell construction is shown in FIG. 2 and in FIG. 3 shown for exhaust pipes 19 in motor vehicles. The outer contour of the silencer 18 is adapted to the underbody of the motor vehicle. The silencer 18 consists of two half-shells 20, 21 which are connected by suitable connection techniques, e.g. Welding, are tightly connected to each other in a known manner. For mechanical Stabilization of the muffler 18 are located in the cavity thereof Support plates 22, 23 aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the exhaust pipe 19. For Sound absorption is sound-absorbing damping material in the cavity of the silencer 18 24 inserted.

Der Prinzipaufbau des erfindungsgemäßen Schalldämpfers 1 kann nun vorteilhaft auf einen derart herkömmlichen Schalldämpfer 18 übertragen werden. Hierzu werden das Dämpfungsmaterial 24 und die Stützplatte 23 durch den das Abgasrohr konzentrisch umgebenden Lautsprecher 2 ersetzt, sowie eine Öffnung in die Halbschalen 20,21 für den Lautsprecher 2 zur Abstrahlung des Kompensationsschalls geschaffen, wie dies in Fig. 4 und in Fig. 5 erkennbar ist. Dabei bewirkt der Lautsprecher 2 in einer Doppelfunktion einerseits mit seinem sehr stabilen Lautsprecherkorb 5 die erforderliche gegenseitige Abstützung der Halbschalen 20,21 zur mechanischen Stabilisierung des Schalldämpfers 18 und andererseits die Abstrahlung des Kompensationsschalls zur Bedämpfung oder Auslöschung des Abgaslärms. Auf diese Weise ist der herkömmliche, passive Schalldämpfer 18 kostengünstig und technisch einfach zu dem erfindungsgemäßen, aktiven Schalldämpfer 1 umgerüstet. Ein in Fig. 4 und in Fig. 5 nicht dargestellter Kühlungskreislauf zur Kühlung des Magnetsystems des Lautsprechers 2 kann ebenfalls vorgesehen sein.The basic structure of the silencer 1 according to the invention can now advantageously be based on such a conventional silencer 18 are transmitted. This will be the Damping material 24 and the support plate 23 through the exhaust pipe concentrically surrounding speaker 2 replaced, and an opening in the half-shells 20,21 for created the speaker 2 for emitting the compensation sound, as in Fig. 4 and in Fig. 5 can be seen. The loudspeaker 2 has a dual function on the one hand, with its very stable speaker basket 5, the necessary mutual Support of the half-shells 20,21 for mechanical stabilization of the Muffler 18 and on the other hand, the radiation of the compensation sound Attenuation or cancellation of the exhaust noise. In this way, the conventional passive silencer 18 inexpensive and technically simple to the inventive active silencer 1 converted. One in Fig. 4 and in Fig. 5 not Cooling circuit shown for cooling the magnet system of the loudspeaker 2 can also be provided.

In Fig. 6 ist der Korbrand 14 an einer Schallwand 25 befestigt. Sie enthält eine etwa dem Querschnitt des Korbrandes 14 entsprechende Aussparung zum Einsetzen des Lautsprechers 2 in Axialrichtung 10. Die Schallwand 25, der Korbrand 14 und die Abstrahlöffnung 13 liegen etwa in der gleichen Ebene ein. An die Schallwand 25 schließt sich zu beiden Seiten des Lautsprechers 2 jeweils eine Raumwand 26 an. Die Raumwände 26 sind lediglich schematisch angedeutet und können in sich geschlossen sein. Die Schallwand 25 und die Raumwände 26 schließen einen Raum mit darin befindlichem Störschall ein. Dies kann z.B. ein Maschinenraum sein. Über Lüftungsleitungen o.dgl. entsteht eine störschalldurchlässige Verbindung nach außen. In diesem Fall ist das Schallrohr 11 die Lüftungsleitung mit der Abstrahlöffnung 13 als Lüftungsöffnung nach außen. Mit der vorbeschriebenen Anordnung des Lautsprechers 2 wird der aus einem Arbeits- oder Maschinenraum austretende Störschall ausgelöscht. Um akustische Kurzschlüsse zu vermeiden, ist die Rückseite des Lautsprechers 2 zu kapseln. Hierzu ist eine gehäuseartige Kapselung 42 vorgesehen.6, the basket rim 14 is fastened to a baffle 25. It contains approximately one the cross section of the basket edge 14 corresponding recess for inserting the Loudspeaker 2 in the axial direction 10. The baffle 25, the basket edge 14 and the radiation opening 13 are approximately in the same plane. Closes the baffle 25 a room wall 26 on each side of the loudspeaker 2. The room walls 26 are only indicated schematically and can be self-contained. The baffle 25 and the room walls 26 close a room with the inside Noise. This can e.g. be a machine room. Via ventilation pipes or the like creates a connection to the outside that is permeable to noise. In this case the sound pipe 11 the ventilation duct with the radiation opening 13 as a ventilation opening outward. With the arrangement of the speaker 2 described above, the noise emanating from a work or machine room is extinguished. To acoustic To avoid short circuits, the back of the loudspeaker 2 must be encapsulated. For this purpose, a housing-like encapsulation 42 is provided.

In Fig. 7 ist das Schallrohr 11 im Bereich des Lautsprechers 2 mit Radialabstand von einem Zwischenrohr 27 umgeben. Das Zwischenrohr 27 erstreckt sich in Axialrichtung 10 mit seinem einen Rohrende über die Polplatte 6 hinaus und endet mit seinem anderen Rohrende an der Abstrahlöffnung 13. Der Polkern 9 liegt am Rohrmantel des Zwischenrohres 27 unmittelbar an. Das Zwischenrohr 27 besteht aus einem für die thermische Isolierung des Lautsprechers 2 gegenüber dem Schallrohr 11 geeigneten Werkstoff. Bei entsprechender Dimensionierung seiner Abmessungen wirkt das Zwischenrohr 27 außerdem nach Art eines Baßreflexrohres und erhöht dadurch den Wirkungsgrad des Schalldämpfers 1 bei der Auslöschung des Störschalls.7, the sound tube 11 is in the area of the loudspeaker 2 with a radial distance of surrounded an intermediate tube 27. The intermediate tube 27 extends in the axial direction 10 with its one pipe end beyond the pole plate 6 and ends with his other tube end at the radiation opening 13. The pole core 9 lies on the tube jacket of the Intermediate tube 27 immediately. The intermediate tube 27 consists of one for the thermal insulation of the speaker 2 from the sound tube 11 suitable Material. With the appropriate dimensioning of its dimensions, the intermediate tube acts 27 also in the manner of a bass reflex tube and thereby increases the efficiency of the silencer 1 when canceling the noise.

In Fig. 8 ist das Zwischenrohr 27 mit seinem der Abstrahlöffnung 13 in Axialrichtung 10 gegenüberliegenden Rohrende außerhalb des Lautsprechergehäuses 3 geführt. Der durch den Radialabstand zwischen dem Schallrohr 11 und dem Zwischenrohr 27 gebildete Rohrkanal 28 ist in diesem Fall außerhalb des Lautsprechergehäuses 3 zugänglich. In den Rohrkanal 28 kann ein geeignetes Kühlungsmittel, wie z.B. Luft oder ein Fluid, zur Kühlung des Lautsprechers 2 eingeschleust werden. Außerdem kann der Rohrkanal 28 einer zusätzlichen Wärmedämmung zwischen Schallrohr 11 und Lautsprecher 2 dienen. Hierzu ist in Fig. 8 der Rohrkanal 28 im Bereich des Magnetsystems des Lautsprechers 2 von einer Isolierschicht 29 ausgefüllt. Im Bereich der Abstrahlöffnung 13 ist der Rohrkanal 28 in Axialrichtung 10 von einer weiteren Isolierschicht 29 verschlossen. In einem weiteren, nicht dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der gesamte Rohrkanal 28 innerhalb des Lautsprechergehäuses 3 von der Isolierschicht 29 ausgefüllt.In FIG. 8, the intermediate tube 27 with its radiation opening 13 is in the axial direction 10 opposite pipe end outside the speaker housing 3 out. Of the formed by the radial distance between the sound tube 11 and the intermediate tube 27 In this case, pipe channel 28 is outside the loudspeaker housing 3 accessible. A suitable coolant, such as e.g. Air or a fluid for cooling the speaker 2 can be introduced. In addition, the Pipe channel 28 of additional heat insulation between sound pipe 11 and loudspeaker 2 serve. 8 is the pipe channel 28 in the area of the magnet system of the speaker 2 filled by an insulating layer 29. In the area of the radiation opening 13 is the pipe duct 28 in the axial direction 10 of a further insulating layer 29 locked. In a further embodiment, not shown, the entire Pipe channel 28 inside the loudspeaker housing 3 from the insulating layer 29 filled out.

Zur Vermeidung von störenden Resonanzen ist das Lautsprechergehäuse 3 in Fig. 9 mit schallschluckendem Dämpfungsmaterial 30 gefüllt. Das Dämpfungsmaterial 30 deckt dabei die der Lautsprechermembran 4 in Axialrichtung 10 gegenüberliegende Rückwand des Lautsprechergehäuses 3 ab.To avoid disruptive resonances, the loudspeaker housing 3 in FIG. 9 filled with sound absorbing damping material 30. The damping material 30 covers the speaker diaphragm 4 in the axial direction 10 opposite Back wall of the speaker cabinet 3.

In Fig. 10 ist das Schallrohr 11 an seiner Abstrahlöffnung 13 durch ein Vorsatzrohr 31 in Schallführungsrichtung 12 verlängert. Es ist entweder als separates Bauteil an die Abstrahlöffnung 13 angesetzt oder mit dem Schallrohr 11 einstückig hergestellt. Die Innendurchmesser des Schallrohres 11 und des Vorsatzrohres 31 sind etwa gleich groß. Der Rohrmantel des Vorsatzrohres 31 enthält eine Vielzahl von akustisch transparenten Perforationen 32. Mit Hilfe des Vorsatzrohres 31 werden das Schallrohr 11 in Schallführungsrichtung 12 durchströmende Abgase in einen vom Lautsprecher 2 entfernteren Bereich geführt und können erst an der als Abgasöffnung 33 wirksamen Rohrmündung des Vorsatzrohres 31 entweichen. Dadurch ist der Lautsprecher 2 und insbesondere die empfindliche Lautsprechermembran 4 vor schädlichen Abgasen verbessert geschützt. Die akustisch transparenten Perforationen 32 gewährleisten dabei gleichzeitig die erforderliche Überlagerung von Störschallfeld und Kompensationsschallfeld gemäß den Ausführungsbeispielen des Schalldämpfers 1 ohne das Vorsatzrohr 31.10, the sound tube 11 is at its radiation opening 13 through an attachment tube 31 in Sound guidance direction 12 extended. It is either as a separate component at the radiation opening 13 attached or made in one piece with the sound tube 11. The inside diameter the sound tube 11 and the front tube 31 are approximately the same size. The tubular jacket of the front pipe 31 contains a variety of acoustically transparent Perforations 32. With the help of the attachment tube 31, the sound tube 11 in the direction of sound guidance 12 flowing exhaust gases into a distant from the speaker 2 Area guided and can only at the pipe opening effective as exhaust opening 33 of the attachment pipe 31 escape. This makes the speaker 2 and in particular the sensitive loudspeaker membrane 4 is better protected against harmful exhaust gases. The acoustically transparent perforations 32 ensure at the same time the required superposition of the interference sound field and the compensation sound field according to the exemplary embodiments of the silencer 1 without the attachment pipe 31.

In Fig. 10 ist weiterhin ein Bündelungsrohr 34 dargestellt. Es schließt sich an der Vorderseite der Lautsprechermembran 4 am Korbrand 14 an und erstreckt sich in Axialrichtung 10. In Axialrichtung 10 betrachtet fluchtet das Bündelungsrohr 34 mit demn Lautsprechergehäuse 3. Das Bündelungsrohr 34 ist entweder einstückig mit dem Lautsprechergehäuse 3 hergestellt oder als separates Bauteil z.B. am Korbrand 14 befestigt. Das Bündelungsrohr 34 bündelt die von der Lautsprechermembran 4 abgestrahlten Kompensationsschallwellen. Dadurch entsteht im Bereich vor der Abstrahlöffnung 13 eine konzentrierte Überlagerungszone zwischen Störschallfeld und Kompensationsschallfeld. Es steht deshalb ein größerer Anteil des vom Lautsprecher 2 erzeugten Kompensationsschallfeldes für die Auslöschung des Störschalls zur Verfügung. Der Wirkungsgrad des Schalldämpfers 1 ist dadurch weiter verbessert.A bundling tube 34 is also shown in FIG. 10. It closes at the front the speaker membrane 4 on the basket edge 14 and extends in the axial direction 10. Viewed in the axial direction 10, the bundling tube 34 is aligned with it Loudspeaker housing 3. The bundling tube 34 is either integral with the Loudspeaker housing 3 manufactured or as a separate component e.g. attached to the basket edge 14. The bundling tube 34 bundles the radiated from the speaker membrane 4 Compensation sound waves. This creates in the area in front of the radiation opening 13 a concentrated overlay zone between the interference sound field and the compensation sound field. There is therefore a larger proportion of that generated by the loudspeaker 2 Compensation sound field available for canceling the noise. The efficiency of the silencer 1 is further improved.

In Fig. 11 ist die Vorderseite der Lautsprechermembran 4 in Axialrichtung 10 von einem plattenartigen, akustisch transparent perforierten Schutzgitter 35 abgedeckt. Es ist mit gestrichelter Linie schematisch dargestellt. Das Schutzgitter 35 liegt etwa in der Ebene des Korbrandes 14 ein. Es enthält eine zentrische Gitteröffnung 36 für die Abstrahlöffnung 13. Das dem Korbrand 14 in Axialrichtung 10 gegenüberliegende Rohrende des Bündelungsrohres 34 ist mit einem weiteren Schutzgitter 35 verbunden. Dessen Gitteröffnung 36 umgibt radial die Abgasöffnung 33 des Vorsatzrohres 31. Das mit dem genannten Rohr des Bündelungsrohres 34 verbundene Schutzgitter 35 dient nicht nur dem mechanischen Beschädigungsschutz des Lautsprechers 2, sondern auch dem Schutz zweier an der Innenwand des Bündelungsrohres 34 befestigter Kontrollsensoren. Die beiden Kontrollsensoren sind jeweils ein Mikrofon 37. Sie nehmen den ausgelöschten oder bedämpften Störschall auf und geben ein entsprechendes Sensorsignal an die Kontrolleinheit ab, damit der Lautsprecher 2 in Abhängigkeit des Sensorsignals angesteuert wird. In weiteren Ausführungsbeispielen können an der Innenwand des Bündelungsrohres 34 auch weitere Sensoren oder auch nur ein einziger Sensor befestigt sein.In Fig. 11, the front of the speaker diaphragm 4 in the axial direction 10 is one plate-like, acoustically transparent perforated protective grille 35 covered. It is with Dashed line shown schematically. The protective grid 35 lies approximately in the plane the basket rim 14 a. It contains a central grating opening 36 for the radiation opening 13. The opposite end of the pipe edge 14 in the axial direction 10 of the Bundling tube 34 is connected to a further protective grid 35. Its lattice opening 36 radially surrounds the exhaust gas opening 33 of the attachment pipe 31 Tube of the bundling tube 34 connected protective grid 35 not only serves the mechanical damage protection of the speaker 2, but also that Protection of two control sensors attached to the inner wall of the bundling tube 34. The two control sensors are each a microphone 37. They take the canceled or damped noise and give an appropriate sensor signal to the control unit so that the loudspeaker 2 as a function of the sensor signal is controlled. In further embodiments, can on the inner wall the bundling tube 34 also other sensors or even a single sensor be attached.

In einem weiteren, hier nicht dargestellten Anführungsbeispiel ist das Mikrophon bzw. sind die Mikrophone 37 bezüglich einer strichpunktiert angedeuteten Rohrachse 43 des Bündelungsrohres 34 in einem Radialabstand angeordnet, der das 0,6-fache des Rohrradius 44 des Bündelungsrohres 34 beträgt.In a further example, not shown here, the microphone or are the microphones 37 with respect to a tube axis 43 of the Bundling tube 34 arranged at a radial distance which is 0.6 times the Pipe radius 44 of the bundling tube 34.

In Fig. 12 ist der Lautsprecher 2 auf seiner Vorderseite in Axialrichtung 10 von einer Vorsatzkammer 38 haubenartig abgedeckt. Die Vorsatzkammer 38 ist ein rotationssymmetrisches Bauteil mit der Rohrachse des Schallrohres 11 als gedachte Rotationsachse. Sie ist mit ihren Randbereichen durch nicht näher dargestellte Befestigungsmittel am Korbrand 14 fixiert. Ausgehend vom Korbrand 14 weist die Vorsatzkammer 38 einen sich in Axialrichtung 10 konisch verjüngenden Querschnitt auf. Die konische Verjüngung mündet in ein Rohrstück 39. Das Schallrohr 11 ist in Schallführungsrichtung 12 über die Ebene des Korbrandes 14 hinaus etwa bis zum Rohrstück 39 verlängert. Letzteres begrenzt eine Kammeröffnung 40 und umgibt das Schallrohr 11 mit Radialabstand.In FIG. 12, the loudspeaker 2 is on its front side in the axial direction 10 of one Front chamber 38 covered like a hood. The attachment chamber 38 is a rotationally symmetrical one Component with the tube axis of the sound tube 11 as an imaginary axis of rotation. It is with its edge areas by fasteners, not shown fixed to the edge of the basket 14. Starting from the basket edge 14, the front chamber has 38 has a cross section which tapers conically in the axial direction 10. The conical taper opens into a pipe section 39. The sound tube 11 is in the direction of sound guidance 12 beyond the level of the basket rim 14 approximately up to the pipe section 39 extended. The latter delimits a chamber opening 40 and surrounds the sound tube 11 with radial distance.

In Fig. 13 ist ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Vorsatzkammer 38 dargestellt. Sie ist plattenartig ausgestaltet und liegt planparallel an der Ebene des Korbrandes 14 an. Die plattenartige Vorsatzkammer 38 ist zentrisch durchbohrt. Die Bohrung ist als Kammeröffnung 40 wirksam. Ein Rohrstück 39 übersteht die Vorsatzkammer 38 in Axialrichtung 10. Ebenso wie im Ausführungsbeispiel des Schalldämpfers 1 gemäß Fig. 12 umgibt das Rohrstück 39 das Schallrohr 11 und begrenzt die Kammeröffnung 40.13 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the front chamber 38. she is designed plate-like and lies plane-parallel to the plane of the basket rim 14. The plate-like attachment chamber 38 is drilled centrally. The hole is as a chamber opening 40 effective. A pipe section 39 protrudes from the front chamber 38 in the axial direction 10. As in the exemplary embodiment of the silencer 1 according to FIG. 12 the pipe section 39 the sound tube 11 and delimits the chamber opening 40.

Die Vorsatzkammer 38 und das Rohrstück 39 wirken nach Art einer Druckkammer und transformieren dadurch den vom Lautsprecher 2 abgestrahlten Kompensationsschall, bevor er im Bereich der Abstrahlöffnung 13 mit dem Störschall überlagert wird. Durch diese Transformation ist die Lautsprechermembran 4 verbessert an die Luft angepaßt. Der Wirkungsgrad des Schalldämpfers 1 ist weiter verbessert. The front chamber 38 and the pipe section 39 act in the manner of a pressure chamber and thereby transform the compensation sound emitted by the loudspeaker 2, before it is overlaid with the noise in the area of the radiation opening 13. By this transformation is the speaker diaphragm 4 better adapted to the air. The efficiency of the silencer 1 is further improved.

Die in verschiedenen Ausführungsformen des Schalldämpfers 1 dargestellten und beschriebenen Komponenten können natürlich auch in Ausführungsbeispiele integriert werden, in denen diese Komponenten nicht dargestellt oder beschrieben sind. So ist z.B. der anhand von Fig. 1 erläuterte Kühlungskreislauf mit den Kühlungsleitungen 16 und den Bohrungen 15 auch für den Schalldämpfer 1 gemäß den Ausführungsbeispielen Fig. 4 - Fig. 13 geeignet. In diesem Sinne kann z.B. das Bündelungsrohr 34 gemäß Fig. 10 und Fig. 11 selbstverständlich auch mit dem Schalldämpfer 1 gemäß den Ausführungsbeispielen Fig. 1 - Fig. 9 kombiniert werden.

1
Schalldämpfer
2
Lautsprecher
3
Lautsprechergehäuse
4
Lautsprechermembran
5
Lautsprecherkorb
6
Polplatte
7
Polplatte
8
Ringmagnet
9
Polkern
10
Axialrichtung
11
Schallrohr
12
Schallführungsrichtung
13
Abstrahlöffnung
14
Korbrand
15
Bohrung
16
Kühlungsleitung
17
Hohlraum
18
Schalldämpfer
19
Abgasrohr
20
Halbschale
21
Halbschale
22
Stützplatte
23
Stützplatte
24
Dämpfungsmaterial
25
Schallwand
26
Raumwand
27
Zwischenrohr
28
Rohrkanal
29
Isolierschicht
30
Dämpfungsmaterial
31
Vorsatzrohr
32
Perforation
33
Abgasöffnung
34
Bündelungsrohr
35
Schutzgitter
36
Gitteröffnung
37
Mikrofon
38
Vorsatzkammer
39
Rohrstück
40
Kammeröffnung
41
Aussparung
42
Kapselung
43
Rohrachse
44
Rohrradius
The components shown and described in various embodiments of the muffler 1 can of course also be integrated in exemplary embodiments in which these components are not shown or described. For example, the cooling circuit with the cooling lines 16 and the bores 15 explained with reference to FIG. 1 is also suitable for the muffler 1 according to the exemplary embodiments FIGS. 4-13. In this sense, for example, the bundling tube 34 according to FIGS. 10 and 11 can of course also be combined with the silencer 1 according to the exemplary embodiments FIGS. 1-9.
1
Silencer
2nd
speaker
3rd
Speaker cabinet
4th
Speaker cone
5
Speaker basket
6
Pole plate
7
Pole plate
8th
Ring magnet
9
Polkern
10th
Axial direction
11
Sound tube
12th
Sound guidance direction
13
Radiation opening
14
Basket rim
15
drilling
16
Cooling pipe
17th
cavity
18th
Silencer
19th
Exhaust pipe
20th
Half shell
21
Half shell
22
Support plate
23
Support plate
24th
Damping material
25th
Baffle
26
Room wall
27
Intermediate tube
28
Pipe channel
29
Insulating layer
30th
Damping material
31
Attachment tube
32
perforation
33
Exhaust opening
34
Bundling tube
35
Protective grille
36
Lattice opening
37
microphone
38
Intent chamber
39
Pipe piece
40
Chamber opening
41
Recess
42
Encapsulation
43
Pipe axis
44
Pipe radius

Claims (33)

  1. An active sound damper (1) for compensating the interference noise radiated by an interference noise source through a radiation opening (13), with a loudspeaker (2) for radiating compensating sound in such a way that the two sound fields of the interference noise and compensating sound reciprocally attenuate or cancel one another out by interference,
       characterized in that
    the loudspeaker (2)
    is arranged with its longitudinal axis approximately concentrically with the centre of the radiation opening (13), and
    radially surrounds the radiation opening (13) with its loudspeaker cone (4) generating the compensating sound.
  2. A sound damper according to claim 1,
       characterized by
    an electrodynamically driven loudspeaker (2).
  3. A sound damper according to claim 2,
       characterized in that
    the loudspeaker (2) is a conical loudspeaker.
  4. A sound damper according to one of claims 1 to 3,
       characterized in that
    the loudspeaker cone (4) lies approximately in the plane of the of the radiation opening (13).
  5. A sound damper according to one of the preceding claims,
       characterized in that
    the radiation opening (13) is the pipe opening of a sound pipe (11), for example of an exhaust pipe (19), carrying the interference noise.
  6. A sound damper according to claim 5, with a pole plate (6), a ring magnet (8) and a pole core (9) as components of the magnetic system of an electrodynamic loudspeaker (2),
       characterized in that
    the magnetic system radially surrounds the sound pipe (11), and
    that, for this purpose, the pole plate (6) and the pole core (9) are centrally drilled through along the longitudinal axis of the loudspeaker (2).
  7. A sound damper according to one of claims 1 to 6,
       characterized in that
    the loudspeaker (2) surrounds the sound pipe (11) with a radial interspacing, in which arrangement the intermediate space formed by the radial interspacing is closed.
  8. A sound damper acoording to claim 7,
       characterized in that
    the intermediate space is closed by a heat insulating layer (29).
  9. A sound damper according to one of claims 6 to 8,
       characterized in that
    the loudspeaker (2), surrounds the sound pipe (11) with the interposition of an intermediate pipe (27) surrounding the sound pipe (11) with a radial interspacing.
  10. A sound damper according to claim 9,
       characterized in that
    the pipe duct (28) formed by the radial interspacing of the sound pipe (11) and the intermediate pipe (27) is filled in the axial direction (10) by the insulating layer (29), at least in the zone of the magnetio system.
  11. A sound damper according to claim 9 or 10,
       charaoterized in that
    the pipe duct (28) is traversed by a coolant for cooling the loudspeaker (2).
  12. A sound damper according to claim 10 or 11,
       characterized in that
    the pipe duct (28) is closed in the axial direction (10) at the radiation opening (13).
  13. A sound damper according to claim 12,
       characterized in that
    the pipe duct (28) is closed by means of the insulating layer (29) disposed therein.
  14. A sound damper according to claim 9,
       charaoterized in that
    the intermediate pipe (27) is a bass reflex tube whose bass reflex opening surrounds the radiation opening (13).
  15. A sound damper according to one of the preceding claims,
       characterized in that
    the pole core (9) of the magnetic system has at least one bore (15) acting as a cooling duct for the flow of the coolant therethrough.
  16. A sound damper according to claim 15,
       characterized in that
    the pole core (9) has several bores (15) arranged along its circumferential direction which fluidically communicate with one another.
  17. A sound damper according to one of the preceding claims, with a loudspeaker frame (5) for fastening and centring the loudspeaker cone (4),
       characterized in that
    the frame edge (14) of the loudspeaker frame (5) is surrounded by an acoustic baffle (25) and is fastened thereon.
  18. A sound damper according to claim 17,
       characterized in that
    the acoustic baffle (25) is a component of a closed loudspeaker housing (3) which, if required, comprises an opening (41) for passing the sound pipe (11) therethrough.
  19. A sound damper according to claim 18,
       characterized in that
    the sound pipe (11) is the exhaust pipe of a combustion engine, and
    that the loudspeaker housing (3) is the housing of a sound damper (1),
  20. A sound damper according to claim 19,
       characterized in that
    the sound pipe (11) is the exhaust pipe (19) of a motor vehiole, and
    that the loudspeaker housing (3) is the housing of a sound damper (1, 18) mounted on motor vehicles.
  21. A sound damper according to one of claims 18 to 20,
       characterized in that
    the hollow space of the loudspeaker housing (3) is filled, at least partially, by a sound absorbing damping material (30).
  22. A sound damper according to one of the preceding claims,
       characterized in that
    the radiation opening (13) is the pipe opening of an exhaust pipe, and
    that an acoustically transparent perforated front attachment pipe (31) is joined to the pipe opening at its pipe jacket, whioh front attachment pipe extends the exhaust pipe in the sound carrying direotion (12).
  23. A sound damper according to one of the preceding claims,
       characterized in that
    an acoustically transparent perforated protective screen (35) is fastened on the frame edge (14) of the loudspeaker (2), which screen
    covers the front side of the loudspeaker cone (4) and
    has a central screen opening (36) radially surrounding the radiation opening (13).
  24. A sound damper according to claim 23,
       characterized in that
    the screen opening (36) lies in the manner of a plate in a single plane.
  25. A sound damper according to one of the preceding claims,
       characterized in that
    at the front side of the loudspeaker cone (4) there is joined at the frame edge (14) a concentrating pipe (34) arranged coaxially with the radiation opening (13), for concentrating the interference noise and the compensating sound.
  26. A sound damper according to one of the preceding claims,
       characterized in that
    the perforated front attachment pipe (31) and the concentrating pipe (34) end approximately flush in the sound carrying direction (12).
  27. A sound damper according to claim 26,
       characterized in that
    on the end collar of the conoentrating pipe (34), there is fastened an acoustically transparent perforated protective screen (35) which covers the internal space enclosed by the concentrating pipe (34) in the axial direction.
  28. A sound damper according to one of the preceding claims,
       characterized in that
    at least one sensor is arranged inside the ooncentrating pipe (34) for receiving the compensated interference noise.
  29. A sound damper according to claim 28,
       characterized in that
    the sensor is arranged inside the concentrating pipe (34) with a radial interspacing with respect to the pipe axis (43) of the concentrating pipe (34), extending in the axial direction (10).
  30. A sound damper according to claim 29,
       characterized in that
    the radial interspacing with respect to the pipe axis (43) of the concentrating pipe (34) is approximately 0.6 times the interspacing between the pipe axis (43) and the internal side of the concentrating pipe (34).
  31. A sound damper according to one of claims 28 to 30,
       oharacterized in that
    the sensor is a microphone (37).
  32. A sound damper according to one of the preceding claims,
       characterized in that
    on the frame edge (14) there is fastened an attachment chamber (38) designed in rotational symmetry and being impermeable to sound,
    which oovers the front side of the loudspeaker cone (4) in the manner of a hood, and
    which has a central chamber opening (40) surrounding the radiation opening (13) with a radial interspacing.
  33. A sound damper acoording to claim 32
       characterized in that
    a pipe section (39)
    is fastened to the side of the attachment chamber (38) remote from the loudspeaker (2) in the axial direction (10), and
    delimits with its pipe wall the chamber opening (40) in the radial direction.
EP94918733A 1993-07-07 1994-06-23 Active sound damper Expired - Lifetime EP0707737B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4322627 1993-07-07
DE4322627 1993-07-07
PCT/DE1994/000723 WO1995002238A1 (en) 1993-07-07 1994-06-23 Active sound damper

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0707737A1 EP0707737A1 (en) 1996-04-24
EP0707737B1 true EP0707737B1 (en) 1998-11-04

Family

ID=6492183

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94918733A Expired - Lifetime EP0707737B1 (en) 1993-07-07 1994-06-23 Active sound damper

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US5677958A (en)
EP (1) EP0707737B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH08512410A (en)
KR (1) KR960703256A (en)
CN (1) CN1064158C (en)
AU (1) AU6993794A (en)
CA (1) CA2166282A1 (en)
CZ (1) CZ284565B6 (en)
DE (2) DE4494827D2 (en)
ES (1) ES2126121T3 (en)
PL (1) PL173055B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1995002238A1 (en)

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EP0755045B1 (en) * 1995-07-20 2002-10-02 Harman Audio Electronic Systems GmbH Sound wave cancellation arrangement
DE19528888A1 (en) * 1995-07-20 1997-01-23 Nokia Deutschland Gmbh Arrangement for canceling sound waves
US5828759A (en) * 1995-11-30 1998-10-27 Siemens Electric Limited System and method for reducing engine noise
JP2967400B2 (en) * 1995-12-15 1999-10-25 富士ゼロックス株式会社 Noise masking apparatus and noise masking method for image forming apparatus
FR2783870B1 (en) * 1998-09-24 2000-12-22 Ecia Equip Composants Ind Auto EXHAUST LINE NOISE SYSTEM FOR MOTOR VEHICLE
FR2808161A1 (en) * 2000-04-19 2001-10-26 Ecia Equip Composants Ind Auto Car active noise cancellation mechanism having fixed body with moving section excitation current controlled and outer membrane with flexible section between moving/fixed sections
DE102006010558A1 (en) * 2006-03-06 2007-09-13 J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG Active silencer for an exhaust system
ES2528185T3 (en) * 2007-12-11 2015-02-05 General Electric Company Gearbox noise reduction by electric drive control
CN101231846B (en) * 2007-12-27 2011-02-02 中国农业大学 Initiative noise control system and noise control method using sound wave interference mode
DE102008018085A1 (en) * 2008-04-09 2009-10-15 J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG Active muffler
CN101691875B (en) * 2009-09-28 2011-07-20 浙江金盾风机风冷设备有限公司 Active silencer for large underground reversible fan
JP5644593B2 (en) * 2011-03-07 2014-12-24 ソニー株式会社 Speaker device
DE102012219981A1 (en) * 2012-10-31 2014-06-12 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Actuator i.e. electrical actuator, for active exhaust system of motor vehicle, has speaker including speaker diaphragm and speaker magnet for excitation of diaphragm, and cooling device for cooling speaker magnet
KR101488323B1 (en) * 2013-08-20 2015-01-30 현대자동차주식회사 Structure for preventing a thermal damage of active noise control speaker
CN103686565B (en) * 2013-12-29 2017-09-26 长城汽车股份有限公司 In-car voice control system
US9394812B2 (en) * 2014-07-09 2016-07-19 Aai Corporation Attenuating engine noise using a reverse resonator
FR3047600B1 (en) * 2016-02-08 2018-02-02 Universite Paris-Sud ACOUSTIC ABSORBER, ACOUSTIC WALL AND METHOD OF DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE
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CN108597489A (en) * 2018-04-21 2018-09-28 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 A kind of bullet train car Active noise control system
CN109253340B (en) * 2018-10-31 2024-04-19 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 Resonant water muffler with adjustable frequency and pressure bearing
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH08512410A (en) 1996-12-24
AU6993794A (en) 1995-02-06
ES2126121T3 (en) 1999-03-16
DE4494827D2 (en) 1996-08-22
KR960703256A (en) 1996-06-19
DE59407238D1 (en) 1998-12-10
CZ284565B6 (en) 1999-01-13
PL173055B1 (en) 1998-01-30
CN1126525A (en) 1996-07-10
PL310994A1 (en) 1996-01-22
CN1064158C (en) 2001-04-04
CA2166282A1 (en) 1995-01-19
US5677958A (en) 1997-10-14
CZ1996A3 (en) 1996-06-12
EP0707737A1 (en) 1996-04-24
WO1995002238A1 (en) 1995-01-19

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