EP0682730A1

EP0682730A1 - House composed of fabricated elements.

Info

Publication number: EP0682730A1
Application number: EP94906823A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Johann Georg Dr Schnitzer
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1993-02-02
Filing date: 1994-02-01
Publication date: 1995-11-22
Anticipated expiration: 2014-02-01
Also published as: WO1994018406A2; DE4302871A1; EP0682730B1; ATE147116T1; WO1994018406A3; DE59401473D1; AU6035994A

Abstract

A house is composed of prefabricated elements, especially for construction by the owner, with a carrying or support structure consisting of carrying elements (3 to 5) and insertion elements (18, 34) for incorporation in the carrying or support structure in order to form walls and ceilings, said elements being based on the ultralight construction method and being particularly suitable for construction by the owner and enabling all systems such as water, electric, air conditioning and heating services to be installed in practically any manner. This is achieved in a construction mode which is particularly respectful of the natural environment, since the carrying members (3 to 5) and insertion elements (18, 34) are essentially hollow, and in that the sidewalls of the carrying elements (3 to 5) and insertion elements (18, 34) are open or are also perforated as possible stiffening ribs inside the construction elements.

Description

Prefabricated house

Description:

The lack of housing in the Federal Republic of Germany will continue to increase in the coming years despite political efforts to remedy the situation. The reason for this lies on the one hand in the increasing demand and on the other hand in the considerable costs that have to be paid for housing construction.

The ^* cause of the considerable costs in residential construction are to be found partly in the high land prices, partly in the prices of the building materials used and not least in the high wages of those employed in construction. In addition to the factors mentioned, speculation is disproportionately driving up prices due to a lack of living space.

In order to be able to meet the increasing demand for living space, it is therefore very important to reduce the costs in housing construction. Of course, such a cost reduction should be done without sacrificing quality of life. This apparent contradiction can only be resolved by turning away from conventional house construction.

Most of the proposals to build more cost-effectively aim to use prefabricated components, since a large number of them are cheaper to manufacture. For example, DE 71 49 351 proposes a component for a solid wood house that is the house construction mainly allowed in self-made. The components are built up in massive layers of wood or insulating material. This makes the components heavy and unwieldy. In addition, this component does not provide a solution for the installations, for example for the heating, the electrical current, fresh and waste water, and possibly ventilation devices.

Furthermore, DE 2 226 323 has disclosed a component which is designed in the form of posts and beams in order to create skeletons. These are clad steel pipes, by means of which a subsequently clad house structure can be built. However, this is not a complete building system for a house. Again, there are no suggestions regarding the installation work to be carried out. In addition, this only offers a skeleton of the house without details about the processing of the spaces to be filled.

DE 23 28 419 also proposes a kit for prefabricated houses. This is a process for the production of seamlessly pressed components. This document aims to propose a construction method for areas in which the raw materials used for normal building are not available. It is essentially a matter of pressing plate-shaped molded parts from fibrous materials, for example inferior wood from sugar cane, cotton, hemp, jute etc. Various structural elements are proposed as molded parts, which in their entirety result in a kit for the construction of houses. The moldings shown are designed so large that they can hardly be handled without machine help. In addition, no concrete solution for the installation or insulation is given. DE 23 41 885 describes a component for house building with which the rationalization of solid house building is to be increased. The component provided for this purpose consists of a cuboid-shaped prefabricated shell body which can be connected to other components by form-fitting means or adhesive. Various filling chambers in the interior of the shell body are to be filled with a rapidly hardening filling compound after the erection of the building for insulation. After all, channels or shafts for accommodating installation material are already provided in this component. The component can be used for solid prefabricated house construction. Such a structure is relatively complicated due to the arrangement of different chambers or shafts. It is a component in conventional prefabricated construction and does not offer a complete solution for house construction.

The previously mentioned writings contain components for rationalization and thus for reducing the cost of prefabricated houses of known solid construction. Such houses cannot be dismantled for recycling once they have been built. They require a conventional foundation with an excavation pit and thereby cause adverse disturbances in nature. The vegetation is also being destroyed on a large scale outside of the actual excavation pit. Heavy vehicles are required to transport the building materials, for which appropriate access routes must be provided. For the foundation, tree roots are separated over a large area, so that trees in the surrounding area have no chance of survival.

The possibilities of saving costs through self-construction are also largely limited in such construction methods due to the necessary use of machinery. Since all such construction projects permanently change or affect the building site and thus ultimately the landscape, there are good reasons why the requirements for a building permit are very restrictive.

In contrast, DE 25 44 709, for the first time, disclosed a component set for a removable prefabricated house. This is a set of components for a barrack-like building, in which the filling spaces of a skeletal system are filled with appropriate panels. A pile construction is provided as the foundation, in which the foundation supports stand on plates on the floor. If necessary, the foundation can be fixed with ground anchors. The house itself is built on a steel grate and assembled in any floor plan from prefabricated components. However, no specific details are given here for the installation of the installation facilities. Only parts for a channel for receiving the supply and disposal lines with a common connector are mentioned.

The object of the invention is therefore to propose a house which can be composed entirely of prefabricated elements, in which the filling spaces of a supporting structure or support structure are filled with support elements and connecting elements with corresponding inserts, with options being provided for relocating the installation device as desired. The installation facilities should have good accessibility, especially with regard to the possibility of building your own. For this purpose, all components should also be transportable without mechanical support. The entire house should also be dismantled for recycling. The nature, ie the vegetation of the building plot should be minimally disturbed by the house construction. Starting from a house of the type mentioned in the introduction, this object is achieved in that the carrier elements and / or the inserts are essentially hollow. In addition, butt sides or surfaces of the carrier elements and inserts, on which these are joined together butt, are open or perforated. Thus, all installations, such as water, electrical, ventilation, or heating installation etc. within the support elements or the inserts can be installed almost anywhere in their entire interior.

By using hollow components as components, an extremely lightweight construction can be realized. Such a house can be assembled in-house without mechanical support. Each component is so light that it can be carried and set up by a human. Transporting such components is not a major problem.

The installation work can also be done in-house due to the complete hollow construction within the ceilings and walls.

Such components are inexpensive to manufacture, so that the cost of materials compared to conventional house construction is considerably lower. Since all essential work can also be performed in-house, construction costs are reduced sustainably. The living space that is created in such a construction becomes affordable for a broad section of the population.

Such a house is of lasting value even without real estate, since it can be dismantled at any time and set up elsewhere. The proposed lightweight components can be manufactured inexpensively from biologically compatible building materials. The measures mentioned in the subclaims and subclaims make advantageous developments and designs of the invention possible.

If stiffening webs are possibly provided within the carrier elements or insert parts, these are advantageously also perforated.

For better thermal insulation, support elements and inserts, including those containing installations, can be filled with a non-hardening insulating material, at least in the outer walls.

Such material, for example in flake form, is just as well known in biological house building as the associated blowing devices. Here, however, the insulating material is poured into the cavities of a timber-frame framework clad on both sides by a carpenter. This insulation material can be removed and reused at any time.

Tensioning ropes or rods can be tensioned within the essentially hollow support elements or inserts to stabilize the house. These tensioning ropes or rods can also be anchored in the ground.

With the help of such tensioning ropes or rods, a house in this ultra-lightweight design can be given a stability that is higher than that of a conventionally constructed house.

The roof is preferably also composed of essentially hollow support elements and inserts. This means that the roof can also be insulated in the same way as described above. The aforementioned tensioning ropes or rods can also be pulled into the roof, which gives them stability that they can withstand extreme weather conditions such as storms, etc. You can also use the inside of the roof for the construction Carrier elements and inserts, in turn, installation devices are introduced, which are necessary, for example, when using a solar roof. Such a roof can be designed as a flat as well as a gable roof.

A tensioning device is preferably provided for retensioning the tensioning cables or rods. This tensioning device can optionally also comprise spring elements for automatic re-tensioning. This re-tensioning may be necessary, for example, due to an expansion of the tensioning cables or rods in order to achieve the desired stability of the house.

The house with its lowermost support elements is preferably placed on a pile foundation. Such a foundation can in turn be installed by yourself and is also extremely environmentally friendly. A pile foundation only affects the roots of existing trees selectively, so that their existence is not endangered. In addition, the top layer of soil remains intact even when the house is finished.

In order to ensure a uniform grid dimension of the components for the entire house, it is advisable to provide an additional intermediate element between two inserts if a support element is not already required at this point.

It is a great advantage if there are inspection or working openings in the inserts. Such openings, which may be designed to be closable with a lid, facilitate this

Installation work and possibly later repairs enormous. The connection of the individual components, which can be screwed together, for example, is made possible by the accessibility of the inside of the components through these inspection or work openings.

Since the horizontal support elements supporting the ceiling or floor must also have a high load-bearing capacity as a hollow profile, it is advisable to design this as a hollow double-T profile.

Any roof panels can be used as the roof covering, which are preferably attached to the roof structure consisting of support elements and insert parts by means of a Velcro connection. The advantages of attaching the roof panels to the roof with such a Velcro fastening are obvious.

Such a Velcro fastener is also advantageous when attaching an outer wall covering. Cladding elements of any design, for example in the shape of a shingle, can be fastened quickly, easily and in a removable manner.

The components can be produced as glued composite parts made of wood or composite materials such as chipboard or the like. Here, there is another way of reducing costs for the house owner, in which he glues the components from cut parts in his own construction.

Another inexpensive way to manufacture the components is to use gypsum, which is a waste product in flue gas desulfurization plants in large quantities. With the appropriate molds, the owner could in turn produce such gypsum components himself, possibly with fiber additives for stabilization.

The resistance of the house to weather influences from outside and the sound and dust insulation inside can be improved in that a groove for receiving a seal made of an elastomer or the like is provided in the abutting components that form the walls, floors, ceilings and the roof in the edge region on the abutting side. If this groove is designed in such a way that, when two components are brought into abutment, there is an inwardly closed gap with a cross-sectional taper towards the outside, then a seal fitted in the gap is captively caught in it.

The carrier elements are advantageously connected via coupling parts. These coupling parts preferably have a hollow core with at least one lateral tube extension. This lateral tube extension of the coupling part can be received in a bore in a terminal block on the end face of the carrier element. In this way, there is either an end closure of a support element or, if appropriate, a junction of several support elements, which is permeable to any tensioning cables or the like. A tension cable end can also be anchored to the pipe attachments of a coupling part. Of course, the sides of a coupling part that are not accommodated in a carrier element can be formed at their free ends in such a way that they form a visually appealing and expedient termination of such a node of carrier elements or the end face of a carrier element.

The inserts advantageously have lateral connecting blocks in their interior. These are used to fasten the inserts to adjacent support or intermediate elements. A screw can be inserted through a hole in a connecting block, for example, which penetrates a hole in the end block of an adjacent support part and is screwed into the pipe socket of the associated coupling part. As mentioned above, the foundation is advantageously carried out in the form of a pile foundation. For this purpose, piles are preferably used which have a foot with an enlarged cross section for anchoring in the ground, an elongated support part and a head for supporting support elements. Such piles are suitable for anchoring in the ground, so that no additional ground anchors are required to fix the house.

It is particularly advantageous if the elongate support part has a device for height adjustment. In the event of subsidence, the height of the support piles of the pile foundation can be adjusted at any time. Such a height adjustment is also helpful for fine adjustment when first creating the pile foundation.

Particularly for areas prone to earthquakes, it is advisable to provide the pile with a spring and / or damping element. This allows earthquakes, which are usually very hard but with a very small amplitude, to be absorbed without being passed on to the house.

To anchor the house in the ground, it is advantageous to provide a holder in the head of such a support pile for receiving the tensioning cables or rods. Since the support piles are firmly anchored in the ground via their enlarged foot and the house structure can be fixed in the holding device of the support pile head by means of the tensioning ropes, this results in a secure and stable anchoring of the house in the ground.

A house according to the invention is expediently provided with a bridge in pile construction as an access. In the case of a residential complex consisting of several houses according to the invention, it is recommended that the individual houses as well To make community facilities accessible via footbridges. It is particularly advantageous here to provide channels for installation devices such as electricity, water, gas, waste water, communication, etc. in the webs.

Such a footbridge has the advantage that no digging work is necessary for its construction. Here too, as for the individual houses, the top layer of soil and the flora and fauna present there are hardly damaged.

In order to avoid the freezing of water pipes in cold seasons, it is advisable to provide a control device and corresponding water reservoirs, which intermittently supply or discharge fresh water or waste water between the individual houses and the corresponding ones

Utilities allowed. After each push, the corresponding line can then run empty again and therefore no longer freeze.

The installation ducts are preferably accessible via covers on the top of the webs. New or additional installation devices can thus be inserted into the channels of the connecting webs at any time without great effort. Repeated excavation work, which unfortunately has become quite common nowadays when opening up a new residential area, can thus be omitted.

An exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and is explained in more detail with reference to the following description. Show it

FIG. 1 shows a partial section through a node of support elements in a perspective view,

FIG. 2 shows an insert for a wall with a vertical support or intermediate element,

3 shows a floor insert together with a carrier or intermediate element,

FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross section through a roof of a house according to the invention,

Figure 5 shows an enlarged section of a

Coupling part of the roof structure,

FIG. 6 shows a perspective interior view of a room in a house according to the invention,

Figure 7 shows a support pile for a pile foundation and

Figure 8 shows an access bridge according to the invention.

An intersection 1 of the supporting structure of a house according to the invention is shown in FIG. It has a lower support 2 and an upper support 3, which is shown cut open lengthwise, as vertical support elements, in the perspective representation, a main support 4 leads obliquely to the rear, an intermediate support 5 inclines to the left rear. The two support elements 4, 5 are used to build a ceiling or floor. For the sake of clarity, a coupling part 6 with tension cables 7 carried out is shown offset laterally and belongs centrally in the intersection 1, as indicated by four arrows P. The main carrier 4 has a hollow double-T profile, the upper crosspiece 8 being narrower than the lower crosspiece 9. The lower crosspiece 9 is used to support inserts, not shown in this figure. The vertical perforated side walls 10 are comparatively thin-walled and embedded in the two transverse webs 8, 9. The intermediate carrier 5, whose lower crosspiece 11 is made narrower than the lower crosspiece 9 of the main carrier 4, has a gradation 12 on its end face. The horizontal part of this gradation 12 is placed on the lower crosspiece 9 of the main support 4, so that the lower crosspiece 11 of the intermediate support 5 is flush with the crosspiece 9 on its underside. The vertical support elements 2 and 3 have a square cross section. End blocks 13 with a bore 14 are attached to their end faces.

In the assembled state, this bore 14, which continues in a bore 15 in the upper crosspiece 8 of the main support 4, is penetrated by a tubular extension 16 of the coupling part 6. The coupling part 6 has a plurality of such tube attachments which engage in the respective end faces of the associated support elements. The pull cables 7 run within the hollow support elements and serve to brace them. The holes 17 in the side walls of the support elements serve to connect the interiors of the support elements 2 to 5 with the interiors of inserts, not shown in this figure, for laying installation devices.

A wall insert 18 according to FIG. 2 is stabilized by a plurality of longitudinal webs 19. The insert 18 has connecting blocks 20 at the corners. The insert 18 is open at the top within two corner strips 21, 22. The longitudinal sides 23, like the longitudinal webs 19, are perforated with holes 24. On the inner wall side 25 by a thin. In the illustration, partially cut-open support 26 is formed from plywood, for example, various other openings are made. A large rectangular installation opening 27 allows good access to the interior of the wall insert 18 for laying installation devices. At the corners 26 corner openings 28 are provided in the support, by means of which a screw, not shown, can be inserted and screwed through a hole 29a in the connecting blocks 20. In the assembled state, there is a vertical support or intermediate element 30 in abutment with the insert part 18. On its end face, this intermediate element 30 has an end block 31 with a large bore 32 for receiving a tubular extension 16 of a coupling part 6 and a small bore 33 for receiving a Screw, not shown, which passes through the bore 29a of the connecting block 20 of the insert 18 and which can be screwed to the pipe socket 16 (see FIG. 1) when the coupling part 6 is installed.

In the corner strips 21, 22 on the top and correspondingly on the underside of the insert 18, vertical bores 29b are provided for receiving screws, not shown, with which the insert can be screwed on its top and bottom to a support element 4 abutting it.

The ceiling insert 34 according to Figure 3 has a slightly different plan than the wall insert 18, but is basically the same. It lies on lower crosspieces 9 of main beams 4 (see FIG. 1), which are only shown in broken lines in FIG. The intermediate support 5 (see also FIG. 1) is somewhat offset from the ceiling insert 34 for better illustration, but butts against it in the fully assembled state. In this illustration, the main carrier 4 and Intermediate beams 5 (Figure 1) indicate the structure of a ceiling or a floor of a house according to the invention illustrated. Through the holes 17 of the intermediate support 5 and the holes 35 of the ceiling insert 34 on the edges thereof, which are brought into contact with other components, there is an essentially hollow ceiling or wall construction (see FIG. 2), in which in almost any way Installation facilities can be relocated. The cavities of the resulting ceilings and walls as a whole are also accessible to thermal or acoustic insulation.

The house roof 36 according to FIG. 4 is also composed of supports and insert elements. In the schematic cross section according to FIG. 4, an attic 37 and a store 38 of a house according to the invention are constructed from corresponding support elements 2 to 5. To build up the roof gable, 40 top brackets 41 are hooked onto the outermost main girders 39, which are perpendicular to the paper plane in the representation of FIG. 6. These angle brackets 41 have an included angle α of 45 °. The angle bracket 41 has a lower, long leg 42 which belongs to the attic floor 40 and a short leg 43 belonging to the sloping roof. The roof structure is continued by a roof rack 44 in continuation to the short leg 43 of the angle bracket 41. It has a support device 45 for support on a roof support 46. At the level of the ceiling 47 of the attic 37, which forms the bottom of the store 38, there is another angle bracket 48, the legs 49, 50 of which are shorter overall than those of the angle bracket 41, but which is otherwise constructed similarly to the angle bracket 41. The construction continues in this way up to the gable carrier 51. Perpendicular to the paper plane go from the above-mentioned support members 41, 48, 51 longitudinal beams in the ridge direction of the house. In the so created Compartmental divisions are in turn inserted inserts similar to the ceiling inserts 34 according to FIG. 3. Subsequently, a roof covering 52 is placed which can consist of any roof panels as desired. The roof panels are preferably fastened by means of a Velcro fastener for easier assembly.

The interior of an angle bracket 41 is illustrated in the enlarged detail according to FIG. 5. A pipe crossing piece 53 is glued into the angle bracket 41. Two tubes 54 are at the angle α

Roof slope (see Fig. 4) to each other, while a third tube 55 is perpendicular to this in the direction of the ridge. The tensioning cables 56 and 57, which are clamped in the tubes via clamping nipples 58, now run through this tube crossing 53. In particular, the angular support 41 is fixed in its position by means of the tensioning cables 57 running upwards and the tensioning cables 56 running horizontally. A guide sleeve 59, which is used to align the roof rack 44 in the straight extension of the short leg 43 of the angle bracket 41, is initially in the roof rack 44 and is pushed with its end face onto the angle bracket 41 after the roof rack 44 has been placed on it.

An interior of a house according to the invention can be seen in the illustration according to FIG. The ceiling or floor structure results from the arrangement of the main beams 4, the intermediate beams 5 and the insert parts 34, the structure of the side wall from the supports or intermediate parts 3 and the wall insert parts 18, which in this case are provided with windows 60 and with a balcony door 61 are. A balcony can be attached to such a house in a simple manner by using protruding main beams 4.

The foundation is built up via support piles 62 as shown in FIG. The support pole 62 has one Stamping foot 63, which is surrounded by a concrete jacket 64. A support tube 65 with an internal thread 66 is welded to the stamping foot 63. A support rod 67 with an external thread 66 'is screwed into the support tube 65. On the external thread 66 'of the support rod 67, two lock nuts 68, 69 are attached. The head 70 of the support pole 62 is provided with a support profile 71 for supporting a main beam 4. A rubber block 72 rests on a lower support profile 73 as a spring and / or damping element. The rubber block 72 is anchored to the support rod 67 via a retaining washer 74. The holding disc 74 is fastened in the support rod 67 via a spacer sleeve 75 and a screw 76 so that it can rotate freely. For this purpose, the screw 76 is not tightened tightly, but is fixed via a locking pin 77. Two bores 78 in the support rod 67 are provided for the introduction of cross bars, not shown, with which the support rod 67 can be rotated in the support tube 65. The support profile 71 is penetrated by a tension tube 79, which is anchored in the rubber block 72 via a foot anchor 80. The tensioning tube 79 equally penetrates the crossbars 8 and 9 of the main carrier 4. A tensioning cable 7 is clamped in the tensioning tube 79 by means of two clamping screws 81.

The described support pole 62 serves not only as a height-adjustable foundation support, but at the same time through the firm anchoring of the support rod 67 via the rubber block 72 to the tensioning cable 7 as an earth anchor for the house built thereon. Due to the rubber block 72, the support post 62 is able to absorb any earthquakes that may occur.

Access to a house according to the invention or to several houses in a residential complex and associated community facilities should be realized via connecting webs 82 according to FIG. 8. Such a connecting web 82 is in turn suspended from corresponding support posts 83. Cross profiles 84 with side Fastening elements 85 serve as a support for lateral gratings 86 and the central supports 87. The central supports 87 are placed loosely and serve as a cover, which is shown in broken lines in the open position 87 ', for an all-round clad installation shaft 88. In this installation shaft 88 there are various lines 89 and pipe connections 90. A handrail 91 completes the connecting web 82.

Such a connecting web 82 hardly affects the nature of the building ground surrounding it. Excavation work is at best very localized to insert the support piles 83. Subsequent installations can be easily inserted into the installation shaft 88 and are accessible at any time via the central supports 87 that act as a cover. In order to avoid freezing water pipes in cold seasons, the installation shaft 88 can be thermally insulated and heated. An arrangement of various water tanks and a control device for the batchwise transport of wastewater or fresh water already mentioned above is of particular advantage here. Since all of the components required for the expansion according to the invention are realized in ultra-lightweight construction, the components can be transported to the construction site without problems via connecting webs 82 which have been laid beforehand. In this way, not only are ready-built houses according to the invention, but already the construction of these houses is particularly environmentally friendly. Such houses or residential complexes can be removed at any time and set up elsewhere without leaving any visible traces. Last but not least, this also eliminates the large amount of rubble that arises when conventional buildings are demolished. Crossing 35 holes

Support 36 house roof

Support 37 top floor

Main carrier 38 stores

Intermediate carrier 39 main carrier

Coupling part 40 attic floor

Tensioning ropes 41 angle brackets upper cross bar 42 long leg lower cross bar 43 short leg

Side wall 44 roof rack lower cross piece 45 support device

Gradation 46 roof support

Terminal block 47 ceiling

Hole 48 angle bracket

Hole 49 legs

Pipe attachment 50 legs

Hole 51 gable beam

Wall insert 52 roof covering

Longitudinal bar 53 pipe crossing piece

Connection block 54 pipe

Corner bar 55 tube

Corner bar 56 tension cables

Long side 57 tension cables

Hole 58 clamping nipple

Inner wall side 59 guide sleeve

Edition of 60 windows

Installation opening 61 balcony door

Corner openings 62 Support post a Bore 63 Stamping foot b Bore 64 Concrete jacket

Intermediate element 65 support tube

End block 66 internal thread large bore 66 'external thread small bore 67 support rod

Ceiling insert 68 lock nut Lock nut

head

Overlay profile

Rubber block lower support profile

Holding disc

Spacer sleeve

screw

Locking pin

Holes

Tension tube

Foot anchor

Clamping screw

Connecting bridge

Support post

Cross section

Fastener

Grating

Middle runs

Installation shaft

management

Pipe connection

Handrail

Claims

1. House made of prefabricated elements, in particular for self-construction, with a support or support structure made of support elements and with insert parts for insertion into the support or support structure to form walls and ceilings, support elements and / or insert parts on abutting sides corresponding to one another can be joined to one another, characterized in that the carrier elements (4, 5) and / or the insert parts (18, 34) are essentially hollow and that for carrying out or laying installation lines, such as water, electrical, ventilation, and / or heating lines, inside the support elements (4, 5) and / or the insert parts (18, 34) whose butt sides (10, 23) are open or perforated (24, 17).

2. House according to claim 1, characterized in that perforated stiffening webs (19) are provided within the carrier elements (4, 5) and / or insert parts (18, 23).

3. House according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier elements (4, 5) and the inserts (18, 34), including those which contain installations, are filled with non-hardening insulating material at least in the region of the outer walls.

4. House according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that tensioning cables (7, 56, 57) or rods for stabilizing and / or anchoring the house within the support elements (4, 5) and / or the inserts (18, 34) are.

5. House according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a tensioning device for retensioning the tensioning cables (7, 56, 57) is provided.

6. House according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tensioning device comprises spring elements for automatic re-tensioning.

7. House according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the house roof (36) also comprises essentially hollow support elements (41, 44, 48, 51) and inserts.

8. House according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the house with its lowermost support elements (4) stands on a pile foundation.

9. House according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that either a support element (3, 4, 5) or an additional intermediate element (30) are arranged between two inserts (18, 34).

10. House according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that inspection or working openings (27) are present in the insert parts (18, 34) and / or support elements (2 to 5).

11. House according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the horizontal, the ceiling or floor supporting support elements (4) are designed as a hollow double-T profile.

12. House according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the carrier elements (41, 44, 48, 51) and inserts comprising roof structure (36) roof panels are fastened by means of a Velcro fastener.

13. House according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that cladding elements on the outer wall, such as shingles or the like. Can be fastened by means of Velcro.

14. House according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the components (2 to 5, 18, 34) are made of wood or biologically compatible composite material.

15. House according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the components are made of plaster cast with fiber material.

16. House according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a groove for receiving a seal made of an elastomer or the like is provided at least in the abutting components forming the outer wall in the abutting edge region on the abutting side.

17. House according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the groove is designed such that an inwardly closed gap with a cross-sectional taper towards the outside results when two components are brought into abutment.

18. House according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier elements (2 to 5), via coupling parts (6) are bound.

19. House according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coupling parts (6) have a hollow core with lateral tube extensions (16) for the support elements to be connected (2 to 5).

20. House according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier elements (2, 3) have on their end face a terminal block (13) with a bore for receiving the tubular extension (16) of the coupling element (6).

21. House according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insert parts (18) have lateral connecting blocks (20).

22. Pile for a pile foundation, in particular for a house according to claim 1, characterized in that the pile (62) has a foot (63, 64) with an enlarged cross section for anchoring in the ground, an elongated support part (65, 66) and a head (70) for supporting support elements (4).

23. Post according to claim 22, characterized in that the elongate support member (65, 66) comprises a device for height adjustment (67, 67 ').

24. Post according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the post (62) has a spring and / or damping element (72).

25. Pile according to one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that the head (70) has a holding device (79) for holding tensioning cables (7) or rods.

26. Bridge in pile construction, in particular for a residential complex of houses according to claim 1, through which the individual houses and community facilities are accessible, characterized in that in the bridge (82) at least one channel (88) for installation devices (89, 90) ( Electricity, water, communication, etc.) is available.

27. Bridge according to claim 26, characterized in that the channel (88) is accessible via cover (87) on the top of the bridge (82).

28. House according to one of claims 1 - 27, characterized in that a control device and water storage for batchwise supply or discharge of fresh or waste water are available.