EP0674752A1

EP0674752A1 - Method and device for dividing or changing the direction of a fluid flowing under pressure in a pipe

Info

Publication number: EP0674752A1
Application number: EP94929518A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Robert Freimann
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1993-10-19
Filing date: 1994-10-07
Publication date: 1995-10-04
Anticipated expiration: 2014-10-07
Also published as: CN1115999A; EP0674752B1; DE4335595A1; US5573029A; ATE168745T1; BR9406154A; DE4497914D2; JPH08504928A; AU7854594A; DE59406499D1; WO1995011387A1

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP94/03315 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 1, 1995 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 1, 1995 PCT Filed Oct. 7, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO95/11387 PCT Pub. Date Apr. 27, 1995The invention relates to a device with diversion or branching of a pipe flow under pressure with a height-adjustable built-in part and a swirl chamber which tapers from the region of the tangential inlet to the axial outlet of the flow, and is characterized in that, for simultaneous action with virtually any spiral movement distributed over the cross-section and for controlling the pressure distribution in the swirl flow and thus in the axial outlet opening, the built-in part (3) is inserted into the swirl chamber (5) adjustably in its eccentricity in relation to the swirl chamber axis.

Description

Method and device for a pipe flow under pressure, to be deflected or branched

The invention relates to a method in which a pressurized pipe flow is given a spiral movement and then an axial pipe flow is obtained, the inflow being directed against a height-adjustable flow guide.

The invention also relates to a device with deflection or branching of a pressurized pipe flow with an installation part which is adjustable in height and a swirl chamber which tapers from the area of the tangential inlet to the axial outlet of the flow.

Finally, the subject of the invention is also the application of the device of the method to the inflow of inlets for round basins, sand classifiers, vortex separators, hydryclones or vortex cleaners, centrifugal separators, hydryclone separators and distributor structures for incoming water masses.

Such methods and devices are used both in water and wastewater, or more particularly in hydraulic engineering in settlement management and in laboratory and process engineering.

Rotationally symmetrical spiral movements are advantageous in various applications and methods of hydraulics. Such tasks arise both in hydraulic engineering and in urban water management and in laboratory and process engineering. In the wastewater sector, uniform loading of various basins is usually desirable, whereas in laboratory and process engineering a stable spiral movement in pipe strings can be advantageous or even a desired effect, such as eg a separation process can only trigger. The disadvantage of previously used swirl chamber shapes (eg according to Ada i, Drioli, Knapp, Thoπia etc.) for such applications lies in a more or less pronounced rotational asymmetry of the rotary movement. The reason for this is the non-uniform pressure distribution over the swirl chamber circumference and the insufficient pressure redistribution during the transition from the tangential to the axial tube. As a result, the vortex core which is formed and consists of air or liquid is deflected to one side.

The tangential flow against a conventional swirl chamber with a flat bottom and cover has the result that a spiral vortex is formed in the swirl chamber. The water layers adjacent to the bottom and lid experience a braking of their rotational speed and consequently a reduction in their centrifugal force due to the wall friction. They therefore strive towards the center in steeper spirals, where they are gripped by the middle layers and are torn away again by the suddenly increased centrifugal force from the drain opening. In this way, centripetal, and centrifugal, swirling currents arise in the vicinity of the base and cover, and in the middle between the base and cover. Due to the discontinuous pressure curve in the area of the tangential junction, the above-described force effects take place unevenly over the cross-section, that is to say eccentrically. Depending on the flow, this center then leads to the asymmetrical rotary movement in the axial pipe that follows.

It is not ignored that a method and a device for generating a spiral fluid flow is known per se (DE-OS 36 30 536). Here, however, the goal is to overlay a straight pipe flow with a spiral movement, so that the matter remains rotationally symmetrical. It is questionable whether the means given there are sufficient to bring about the rotational symmetry at all, because the inflow is not symmetrical but tangential. The flow that arrives from below, for example, according to this published specification, terung, in the broadest sense a "swirl chamber", a; a small flow comes from the side as an impulse flow, which influences the main flow via a small rotationally symmetrical gap.

The device described in DE-OS 36 30 536 cannot function as it is described and illustrated. In addition, a further asymmetrical part would be necessary there to treat the asymmetrical flow. In such a device known from DE-OS 36 30536, the considerations that led to the invention now begin.

The object of the invention is to use a simple construction to cause a rotationally symmetrical or arbitrarily eccentric spiral movement of a liquid in the axial tube attached to a swirl chamber only by pressure redistribution and flow deflection, regardless of the flow, with little effort.

This is achieved according to the invention by means of a device with deflection or branching of a pressurized pipe flow with a built-in part which is adjustable in height and a swirl chamber which tapers from the area of the tangential inlet to the axial outlet of the flow by virtue of the fact that at the same time an almost Any spiral movement distributed over the cross-section and for controlling the pressure distribution in the swirl flow and thus in the axial outlet flow the insert part is inserted into the swirl chamber in an adjustable manner with respect to the swirl caramer axis.

In terms of process engineering, this object is achieved in that the flow is deflected or branched in order to achieve a spiral movement which is distributed almost arbitrarily over the cross section, in that from the tangential inflow the lower the outflow, which is actually going off, is brought about by directing the flow and that the passage area for the swirl flow is tapered in the direction of the axial flow and in the area of the swirl application the flow is guided around a flow guide and rectifier which is adjustable with respect to the eccentricity with respect to the swirl chamber axis.

With the measures according to the invention, a special swirl chamber shape is thus created which enables pressure redistribution over a spiral plane to compensate for the irregularities described above.

Starting from the plane of one or more tangential inlets up to the transition to the axial discharge, the swirl chamber tapers in a cone shape, which has the consequence that the initially large passage area of the swirl chamber in the axial direction becomes continuously smaller up to the outflow opening and thus pressure compensation via the Flow cross-section takes place in the axial direction. With regard to a directed forced flow, this pressure redistribution can be brought about by installing the cylinder or cone, the axis of symmetry of the cone or cylinder being arranged eccentrically to the axis of the axial tube which is elongated in the swirl chamber.

The conical surface is preferably inclined more steeply than the swirl chamber boundary. At least, however, it must be inclined to the same extent in order to avoid an enlargement of the flow cross section. For this reason, the cone tip or the cylinder should expediently end below the transition to the axial tube in order to provide space for pressure redistribution up to the axial outlet.

According to the invention, the swirl chamber for generating a rotationally symmetrical or almost any eccentric spiral movement in liquids, in particular water, preferably comprises: a) a circular swirl chamber base, the diameter of which depends on the size of the tangential inlet (s);

b) a cone-shaped swirl chamber attachment with a central outlet opening;

c) a conical or cylindrical, centrally arranged or eccentrically adjustable installation part which

d) forms a passage surface with the swirl chamber attachment mentioned under b), which continuously decreases from the swirl chamber base to the axial outlet.

The swirl chamber will generally be operated with the axial outlet opening vertically upwards or downwards. An arbitrarily inclined swirl chamber also generates a rotationally symmetrical spiral movement in the liquid when leaving the swirl chamber as a result of the compensation according to the invention.

A ventilation opening or a second outlet opening can be arranged in the center of the swirl chamber base. In this case, the conical or cylindrical installation does not extend to the swirl chamber base. However, the built-in part itself can also provide ventilation.

Under certain circumstances, installation can surprisingly be completely dispensed with. A pressure redistribution is to be ensured here by a corresponding inclination of the conical surface of the swirl chamber attachment.

Under certain circumstances, a flat swirl chamber cover can be used instead of the conical swirl chamber attachment. In this case, however, the built-in component to be arranged eccentrically must be provided to ensure the necessary pressure compensation in the swirl chamber. The inlet cross section can open into the swirl chamber in a tapered form, as a result of which higher inflow speeds are achieved compared to an existing pipe cross section. This also increases the speed of rotation in the swirl chamber and in the subsequent pipe.

For certain applications, a continuous connection between two outlet openings can also be created by drilling the cone or cylinder centrally or appropriately in the center.

After a pipe branching, a rotationally symmetrical rotary movement of the flow medium can be achieved in both outgoing branches which lie on a common axis. A conical insert is designed as a double cone.

It is not ignored that spiral currents have already been generated in various ways by means of swirl chambers (e.g. German Offenlegungsschrift 27 12 443 and 27 12 444); however, the focus was never on the rotational symmetry of the spiral flow in the subsequent axial tube. In German published patent application 3630536, a stable spiral fluid flow is achieved by a gap flow initiating the rotation, which is superimposed on the main flow. In contrast, the present invention deflects a flow by 90 ", at the same time this flow is guided and rearranged in such a way that a stable, rotationally symmetrical spiral movement occurs.

The advantages achieved by the invention consist in particular in that a rotationally symmetrical rotary movement is impressed by the continuous reduction of the axially flowing cross-section during the transition from the swirl chamber into the axial tube of the liquid without mechanical installations or other measures. The swirl chamber shape, in contrast to previously known swirl chamber shapes, results in a continuous transition from the swirl chamber base to the axial outlet and a gradual pressure redistribution is thus possible in connection with the adjustable built-in part. In previously used and investigated swirl chamber shapes for generating a rotation in a medium, the sudden transition from the swirl chamber to the axial pipe caused pressure potentials which led to an uneven loading across the flow cross section.

The measure according to the invention can be used with particular advantage as a result of the above-mentioned method and the above-mentioned device as an inflow or upstream inflow stage for

Inlet for round pools, sand classifier vortex separator

Cleaning devices such as hydrocyclones vortex cleaners centrifugal separators hydrocyclone separators centrifugal separators

Cyclone separators or separation chambers in general (industrial cleaning)

A particular advantage of the invention can also be used in the field of water management for distribution structures for incoming water masses. Such distribution structures absorb the incoming water and distribute the amount of water evenly over different pools.

GB 10 67 196 and US 31 98 214 have also become known. These describe a throttling flow function, but without any displaceable inner body or a displaceable built-in part. However, there is an adjustable element there, namely a flow body with which the passage cross section can be regulated. The higher the Water flow, ie the higher the speed, the higher the speed of rotation in the chamber, which accordingly increases the resistance due to centrifugal force, depending on the flow speed. A shock absorber, which is to lead to proportional cushioning in the event of strong or weak impacts, is considered as the application area there - therefore also for throttling.

An equalization of the outflow is not intended, but vertical adjustment of the flow body is likely. An adjustment, for example horizontally, in the eccentricity of certain elements is not provided. On the other hand, any throttling would be extremely unfavorable according to the invention. According to the invention, an outflow that is as axial as possible should be achieved, the greatest possible rotationally symmetrical equalization should take place, the flow should leave the axial tube with a rotationally symmetrical swirl.

For example, embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

These show:

1 shows a view of the flow guide according to a first embodiment;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of Fig. 1;

3 is another embodiment of a built-in element;

4 and 6 show other embodiments, the inflow according to FIG. 4 being horizontal, the outflow vertically downwards, whereas the horizontal inflow of FIG. 6 is directed vertically upwards; 5 shows another form in a different arrangement; FIGS. 7 and 8 ^~ show other forms of realization of the underlying idea of the invention; and

FIG. 9 is a representation similar to FIG. 2 with a different design of the inflow pipe.

According to the embodiment of FIG. 1, a swirl chamber with a reduction in the flow cross section is shown in section. The tangential swirl chamber inlet 1 opens into the swirl chamber base 2 indicated by dashed lines and is guided around an installation 3 in height and eccentricity with respect to the swirl arm axis. The installation 3 is a cylindrical installation element which sits snugly on the swirl chamber base 2. The end face of the cylinder 3 is always below the axial opening 6.

1 and 2, the water Q flows tangentially into the swirl chamber 5, where it moves spirally in the flow cross section between the cylinder installation 3 and the conical swirl chamber wall 4 towards the axial outlet 6. By reducing the flow space shown in the flow direction in connection with the eccentricity of the installation part 3, the pressure is increasingly compensated for by the flow as the flow continues up to a certain area dependent on the pressure cross section through the respective cross section. The result of this is that a rotationally symmetrical or arbitrarily eccentric, spiral-shaped rotary movement is formed in the axial lead 6.

The most diverse variations for swirl chamber shapes are shown in the different drawings.

3 shows a swirl chamber in which the required pressure redistribution is established by the flow between the conical surfaces and the jacket of the swirl chamber. The cone is always inclined more steeply than the swirl chamber 4 surrounding it. According to an embodiment, not shown, the necessary pressure redistribution occurs even without the support of installing a cone.

According to an embodiment, not shown, the required pressure redistribution occurs even without the cone-shaped swirl chamber attachment if the installation part is arranged eccentrically to the swirl chamber axis.

If the outflow from the swirl chamber is to take place from two openings, as shown in FIG. 7, the installation part 3 (here a cone) can be fixed in such a way that a certain distance clears the second opening 10. The rotationally symmetrical spiral movement of the flowing medium in the outlets occurs only when the cross-sectional reduction 5 is passed through, not with the opening 10 made on the swirl chamber base 2.

Fig. 4 shows an inflow partially. from above, the outflow goes axially downwards. The installation part is a cone 11, which has a through bore 12. So there is a ventilation or venting via the bore 12.

5 shows a toroidal casing 7 of the swirl chamber, by means of which the pressure redistribution in accordance with the respective requirements is brought about by a suitable combination with a specific shape of an installation part 8 or a moderate taper.

For various requirements, it may be advantageous or imperative that - as shown in FIG. 6 - there is a connection 12 for the installation part 11 between the two outlets 6 and 10.

8 shows the case in which a rotationally symmetrical rotational movement of the liquid occurs in two axial tubes 6 and 6b. For this purpose, the outer surface of the swirl chamber wall 4 trained accordingly and a double-symmetrical mounting part 13 realized.

A representation similar to FIG. 2 is shown in FIG. 9, only that the tangential inlet 9 is designed to narrow or taper. As a result, the flow rate can be increased to a level necessary for swirl formation.

The embodiment of Fig. 1, i.e. that with a smooth cylinder can be further developed such that instead of the smooth upper cylinder surface the cylinder is rounded at the top in a hemispherical, parabolic, conical manner, the embodiment according to FIG. 1 can also be provided with an axially parallel bore to be seen.

In any case, pressure redistribution, guidance and stabilization of the flow and the vortex core are ensured.

The surface of the built-in element will always be smooth.

The cone can also have a rounded cone head, a parallel-shaped rounded cone head, a truncated cone or a rounded truncated cone.

It is surprising that small movements for adjusting the installation element, be it in the vertical direction or be it as an off-center horizontal movement, can influence the flow rectification to such a great extent.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. Device with deflection or branching of a pressurized pipe flow with an adjustable part in the vertical position and a swirl chamber tapering from the area of the tangential inlet to the axial outlet of the flow, characterized in that for simultaneous application with an almost arbitrary over the cross section distributed spiral movement and for controlling the pressure distribution in the swirl flow and thus in the axial outlet opening, the insert (3) is inserted into the swirl chamber (5) in an adjustable manner in its eccentricity to the swirl chamber axis.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the built-in part (3) used in the swirl chamber (5) is cone-shaped, cylindrical or polygonal in shape and is arranged centrally or with a defined eccentricity.

3. Device according to one of the preceding claims, ge indicates by controlling the uniformity or non-uniformity of the axial outflow through the adjustable Ein¬ component. (3, 8, 11, 13).

4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, ge indicates by two axial outlets (6, 10) arranged in the swirl chamber for dividing the inflow into two opposite flows.

5. Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the swirl chamber for dividing the inflow into two oppositely directed streams is formed twice symmetrically (Fig. 8).

6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, da¬ characterized in that the tangential inlet (9) tapers to the swirl chamber (Figure 9).

7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tangential and the axial outlet opening are of different sizes.

8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, ge indicates by the arrangement of a plurality of tangential inlets.

9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, da¬ characterized in that the outlet opening is designed as a diffuser-like expanded piece of pipe.

10. Device according to one of the preceding claims, da¬ characterized in that the swirl chamber base has a shape that does not have the circular shape, and thus also the swirl space surface is designed differently than conical.

11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mounting part (3) is designed to be translatable in the axial direction and / or perpendicular to the axial direction (Fig. 1 - Fig. 9).

12. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the preferably cylindrical built-in part is closed at the top with a spherical, paraboid, conical cap.

13. Device according to one of the preceding claims, da¬ characterized in that the mounting part has an axially parallel bore.

14. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the built-in part is conical (Fig. 3, 4 - Fig. 6,7) and has a rounded, parabolic, truncated cone-shaped or rounded conical head.

15. The method in which a pressurized pipe flow is given a spiral movement and then an axial pipe flow is obtained, the incoming flow being directed against a height-adjustable flow guide, characterized in that to achieve an almost arbitrary cross-section distributed spiral movement, the flow is deflected or branched by causing the outflow perpendicular to it to be caused by directing the flow from the tangential inflow and by tapering the passage area for the swirl flow in the direction of the axial flow and in the area of the swirl application the flow by one with respect to the eccentricity to the swirl chamber axis adjustable flow guide and rectifier is performed.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the uniformity or non-uniformity of the axial outflow is controlled by the mounting part.

17. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 16, characterized ge indicates that the spiral movement is set in particular rotationally symmetrical with the aid of the installation part.

18. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 17, characterized ge indicates that the pressure of the flow is rearranged so that the flow and the vortex core is stabilized in an arbitrarily adjustable centricity or eccentricity to the axis of the axial tube and that the Druckumlage¬ tion is caused independently.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that the pressure redistribution takes place by inclination of the conical surface of the swirl chamber attachment.

20. Application of the device according to one of claims 1 to 14 and the method according to one of claims 15 to 19 on the inflow of inlets for round pools, sand classifiers, vortex separators, hydrocyclones or vortex cleaners, centrifugal separators, hydrocyclone separators and distributor structures for incoming Masses of water.