EP0643496A1 - Optical receiver with wide dynamic range transimpedance amplifier - Google Patents
Optical receiver with wide dynamic range transimpedance amplifier Download PDFInfo
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- EP0643496A1 EP0643496A1 EP94113558A EP94113558A EP0643496A1 EP 0643496 A1 EP0643496 A1 EP 0643496A1 EP 94113558 A EP94113558 A EP 94113558A EP 94113558 A EP94113558 A EP 94113558A EP 0643496 A1 EP0643496 A1 EP 0643496A1
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- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
- H04B10/69—Electrical arrangements in the receiver
- H04B10/697—Arrangements for reducing noise and distortion
- H04B10/6973—Arrangements for reducing noise and distortion using noise matching networks
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- the invention relates to an optical receiver according to the preamble of claim 1.
- An optical receiver which contains a transimpedance amplifier is often used for the reception of optical binary signals, since this concept ensures a very broadband transmission down to low frequencies and thus takes into account the properties of the commonly used binary codes with regard to the spectral power density.
- Optical receivers with transimpedance amplifiers are from G. Grau, W. Joy “Optical Communication Technology” 3rd edition, Springer Verlag Berlin 1991; Page 349 known.
- Transimpedance amplifiers as broadband amplifiers are also available from U. Tietze, Ch. Schenk “semiconductor circuit technology” 9th edition, Springer Verlag Berlin 1989; Pages 504 - 508 described in detail.
- a transimpedance amplifier can be implemented in a simple manner by starting from an operational amplifier and connecting its output to the inverting input via a so-called transimpedance resistor, this negative feedback resulting in a large gain bandwidth and a low input resistance at the inverting input.
- the noise properties of the transimpedance amplifier are important for use in optical receivers, and in addition to the noise of the actual amplifier, the noise contribution of the transimpedance resistor is of essential importance. For this reason, attempts are usually made to make the transimpedance resistance as large as possible, since this results in a small noise current at the amplifier input. the ratio of this noise current to the signal current originating from the photoelectric converter determines the minimum necessary optical reception power.
- optical receivers constructed in this way, the problem arises that the high transimpedance resistance results in high amplification and thus high modulation of the amplifier used, which leads to a limitation of the large signal strength.
- This problem is usually circumvented in that, in the case of optical receivers with optimum sensitivity when used in short transmission distances, additional optical attenuators are connected upstream of the receiver input.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide an optical receiver of the type mentioned at the outset which, with good large-signal properties, generates low noise currents and can therefore also be used with minimal optical reception powers.
- the object is achieved in that the optical receiver mentioned at the outset is further developed by the features specified in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.
- a particular advantage of the solution according to the invention is that, in the case of small received light outputs, the circuitry used can rule out the noise contribution of the Schottky diode additionally used with regard to the large signal properties; the special designs of the optical receiver according to the invention described in claims 2 and 3 also have an advantageously low current consumption. Preferred further developments of the optical receiver according to the invention are described in patent claims 4 to 6.
- the optical receiver shown in FIG. 1 contains a photodiode D1 as a photoelectric converter, to which the optical input signals are coupled.
- a first connection of the photodiode D1 is connected via a first capacitor C1 with reference potential and also directly to a bias voltage source -Ud for the diode bias.
- a second connection of the photodiode D1 is connected to the input connection of a first transimpedance amplifier TIV1 and to the one connection of a Schottky diode D2, the other connection of which is connected to the output Ua of the optical receiver via a second capacitor C2 with reference potential and also via a negative feedback resistor Rg .
- the first transimpedance amplifier TIV1 contains the series circuit of a first and a second bipolar transistor T1, T2, the base connection of the first transistor T1 being connected to the input connection of the first transimpedance amplifier TIV1, that is to say the connection point of the photodiode D1 and the Schottky diode D2.
- the collector terminal of the first transistor T1 is connected to an operating voltage source Ub and, however, a third capacitor C3 with reference potential.
- the emitter terminal of the first transistor T1 is connected to the base terminal of the second transistor T2 and via a first resistor R1 to reference potential.
- the emitter connection of the second transistor T2 is connected directly to reference potential, the collector connection of this transistor represents the output connection Ua1 of the first transimpedance amplifier TIV1, it is also connected to the operating voltage source Ub via a second resistor R2 and to the base connection of the first transistor T1 via a transimpedance resistor Rk.
- the first transimpedance amplifier TIV1 is followed by an emitter follower, which consists of a third transistor T3 and a third resistor R3.
- the base connection of the third transistor T3 is connected to the output connection Ua1 of the first transimpedance amplifier TIV1, the collector connection of this transistor is connected to the operating voltage source + Ub, while the emitter connection of this transistor is connected to the output connection Ua of the optical receiver and via the third resistor R3 with reference potential is.
- the current through the photodiode D1 is so small that the associated voltage drop across the transimpedance resistor Rk is in the millivolt range.
- the corresponding direct current operating point of the third transistor T3 is set so that the emitter voltage of this transistor is approximately one diode threshold voltage below the base bias of the first transistor T1.
- the Schottky diode D2 is polarized in the reverse direction in this operating case and does not generate any noise current, so that the noise contribution of the Schottky diode is therefore negligible.
- the voltage drop across the transimpedance resistor Rk increases to the same extent.
- This voltage contains an equivalent value corresponding to the average optical power and an AC voltage amplitude. If the equivalent value exceeds an amount of approximately 1 volt corresponding to a base-emitter threshold voltage of a transistor plus a threshold voltage of the Schottky diode, then the Schottky diode D2 becomes conductive and causes a signal voltage limitation when the input light powers continue to increase. In In this case, the average DC value of the photocurrent of the photodiode D1 controls the path resistance of the Schottky diode D2.
- the resistance value of the negative feedback resistor Rg is now chosen to be much smaller than that of the transimpedance resistor Rk.
- the resistance value of the transimpedance resistor Rk is approximately 20 times greater than that of the negative feedback resistor Rg Schottky diode D2 reached, the selection of the operating point of the first transimpedance amplifier TIV1 in pure A mode ensures that the remaining photo current does not overdrive the transimpedance amplifier TIV1.
- the optical receiver according to FIG. 1 has a high sensitivity due to the negative noise current of the Schottky diode D2 at low input light powers and the parallel connection of Schottky diode with negative feedback resistor to the input of the transimpedance amplifier ensures that the transimpedance amplifier is not overloaded at high input light powers.
- the structure of the optical receiver shown in FIG. 2 is the same as that of the receiver of FIG. 1 except for the transimpedance amplifier.
- the second transimpedance amplifier TIV2 used in this case contains as input stage a HEMT-type field effect transistor connected as a source follower, which is the first transistor T1 Circuit replaced according to Figure 1.
- the gate connection of the field effect transistor HEMT is connected to the input connection of the second transimpedance amplifier and via the transimpedance resistor Rk to the output connection Ua2 of the second transimpedance amplifier TIV2.
- the drain connection of this transistor is connected analogously to the circuit according to FIG.
- the source connection of the field effect transistor HEMT is connected in parallel via a fourth resistor R4 and a fourth capacitor C4 to the base connection of the second transistor T2 connected.
- the emitter connection of this transistor is also direct and the base connection is connected to reference potential via the first resistor R1, the collector connection of this transistor represents the output connection Ua2 of the second transimpedance amplifier, which is also connected via the second resistor R2 to the operating voltage source + Ub.
- an emitter follower is connected to the output connection Ua2 as the output stage of the optical receiver.
- the mode of operation of the circuit according to FIG. 2 corresponds to that according to FIG.
- the sensitivity that can be achieved is even higher than that of the receiver according to FIG. 1. Because of the gate-source Biasing of the field effect transistor required fourth resistor R4 is dimensioned in the exemplary embodiment so that at low optical input powers the emitter potential of the output stage transistor T3 is also a threshold voltage above the ground potential in order for the function of the negative feedback via the negative feedback resistor Rg and the Schottky diode D2 and thus the control of their path resistance ensure.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen optischen Empfänger entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an optical receiver according to the preamble of claim 1.
Für den Empfang optischer Binärsignale wird häufig ein optischer Empfänger verwendet, der einen Transimpedanzverstärker enthalt, da dieses Konzept eine sehr breitbandige Übertragung bis zu tiefen Frequenzen gewahrleistet und damit den Eigenschaften der üblicherweise verwendeten Binärcodes bezuglich der Spektralleistungsdichte Rechnung trägt. Optische Empfänger mit Transimpedanzverstärker sind aus G. Grau, W. Freude "Optische Nachrichtentechnik" 3. Auflage, Springer Verlag Berlin 1991; Seite 349 bekannt. Transimpedanzverstärker als Breitbandverstärker sind außerdem bei U. Tietze, Ch. Schenk "Halbleiterschaltungstechnik" 9. Auflage, Springer Verlag Berlin 1989; Seiten 504 - 508 ausführlich beschrieben.An optical receiver which contains a transimpedance amplifier is often used for the reception of optical binary signals, since this concept ensures a very broadband transmission down to low frequencies and thus takes into account the properties of the commonly used binary codes with regard to the spectral power density. Optical receivers with transimpedance amplifiers are from G. Grau, W. Joy "Optical Communication Technology" 3rd edition, Springer Verlag Berlin 1991; Page 349 known. Transimpedance amplifiers as broadband amplifiers are also available from U. Tietze, Ch. Schenk "semiconductor circuit technology" 9th edition, Springer Verlag Berlin 1989; Pages 504 - 508 described in detail.
Ein Transimpedanzverstärker ist in einfacher Weise dadurch realisierbar, daß ausgehend von einem Operationsverstärker dessen Ausgang über einen sogenannten Transimpedanzwiderstand mit dem invertierenden Eingang verbunden wird, wobei sich durch diese Gegenkopplung eine große Verstärkungsbandbreite und ein niedriger Eingangswiderstand am invertierenden Eingang ergibt.A transimpedance amplifier can be implemented in a simple manner by starting from an operational amplifier and connecting its output to the inverting input via a so-called transimpedance resistor, this negative feedback resulting in a large gain bandwidth and a low input resistance at the inverting input.
Fur den Einsatz in optischen Empfängern sind die Rauscheigenschaften des Transimpedanzverstärkers von Bedeutung, wobei neben dem Rauschen des eigentlichen Verstärkers der Rauschbeitrag des Transimpedanzwiderstandes von wesentlicher Bedeutung ist. Aus diesem Grund wird üblicherweise versucht, den Transimpedanzwiderstand möglichst groß zu machen, da sich dadurch ein kleiner Rauschstrom am Verstärkereingang ergibt, das Verhältnis dieses Rauschstroms zu dem vom fotoelektrischen Wandler stammenden Signalstrom bestimmt dabei die minimal notwendige optische Empfangsleistung.The noise properties of the transimpedance amplifier are important for use in optical receivers, and in addition to the noise of the actual amplifier, the noise contribution of the transimpedance resistor is of essential importance. For this reason, attempts are usually made to make the transimpedance resistance as large as possible, since this results in a small noise current at the amplifier input. the ratio of this noise current to the signal current originating from the photoelectric converter determines the minimum necessary optical reception power.
Bei derartig aufgebauten optischen Empfängern ergibt sich nun das Problem, daß der hohe Transimpedanzwiderstand eine hohe Verstarkung und damit eine hohe Aussteuerung des verwendeten Verstärkers ergibt, was zu einer Einschrankung der Großsignalfestigkeit fuhrt. Üblicherweise wird dieses Problem dadurch umgangen, daß bei optischen Empfängern mit optimaler Empfindlichkeit beim Einsatz in kurzen Übertragungsstrecken dem Empfängereingang zusätzliche optische Dämpfungsglieder vorgeschaltet werden.With optical receivers constructed in this way, the problem arises that the high transimpedance resistance results in high amplification and thus high modulation of the amplifier used, which leads to a limitation of the large signal strength. This problem is usually circumvented in that, in the case of optical receivers with optimum sensitivity when used in short transmission distances, additional optical attenuators are connected upstream of the receiver input.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht also darin, einen optischen Empfänger der eingangs erwähnten Art zu schaffen, der bei guten Großsignaleigenschaften geringe Rauschströme erzeugt und dadurch auch bei minimalen optischen Empfangsleistungen verwendbar ist.The object of the invention is therefore to provide an optical receiver of the type mentioned at the outset which, with good large-signal properties, generates low noise currents and can therefore also be used with minimal optical reception powers.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelost, daß der eingangs erwähnte optische Empfänger durch die im Kennzeichen des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmale weitergebildet ist. Ein besonderer Vorteil bei der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung liegt dabei darin, daß bei kleinen Empfangslichtleistungen durch die angewandte Schaltungstechnik der Rauschbeitrag der im Hinblick auf die Großsignaleigenschaften zusätzlich verwendeten Schottkydiode ausgeschlossen werden kann; die in den Patentansprüchen 2 und 3 beschriebenen speziellen Ausbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen optischen Empfängers weisen außerdem eine vorteilhaft geringe Stromaufnahme auf. In den Patentansprüchen 4 bis 6 sind bevorzugte Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen optischen Empfängers beschrieben.According to the invention the object is achieved in that the optical receiver mentioned at the outset is further developed by the features specified in the characterizing part of patent claim 1. A particular advantage of the solution according to the invention is that, in the case of small received light outputs, the circuitry used can rule out the noise contribution of the Schottky diode additionally used with regard to the large signal properties; the special designs of the optical receiver according to the invention described in claims 2 and 3 also have an advantageously low current consumption. Preferred further developments of the optical receiver according to the invention are described in patent claims 4 to 6.
Die Erfindung soll im Folgenden anhand zweier in der Zeichnung dargestellter Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert werden. Dabei zeigt:
- Figur 1
- einen erfindungsgemäßen optischen Empfänger, der ausschließlich mit bipolaren Transistoren aufgebaut ist und
- Figur 2
- ein erfindungsgemäßer optischer Empfänger mit einem Sourcefolger als Eingangsstufe des Transimpedanzverstärkers.
- Figure 1
- an optical receiver according to the invention, which is constructed exclusively with bipolar transistors and
- Figure 2
- an optical receiver according to the invention with a source follower as the input stage of the transimpedance amplifier.
Der in der Figur 1 dargestellte optische Empfänger enthalt eine Fotodiode D1 als fotoelektrischen Wandler, an die die optischen Eingangssignale angekoppelt werden. Ein erster Anschluß der Fotodiode D1 ist über einen ersten Kondensator C1 mit Bezugspotential und außerdem direkt mit einer Vorspannungsquelle -Ud für die Diodenvorspannung verbunden. Ein zweiter Anschluß der Fotodiode D1 ist mit dem Eingangsanschluß` eines ersten Transimpedanzverstärkers TIV1 sowie mit dem einen Anschluß einer Schottkydiode D2 verbunden, deren anderer Anschluß über einen zweiten Kondensator C2 mit Bezugspotential und außerdem über einen Gegenkopplungswiderstand Rg mit dem Ausgang Ua des optischen Empfängers verbunden ist.The optical receiver shown in FIG. 1 contains a photodiode D1 as a photoelectric converter, to which the optical input signals are coupled. A first connection of the photodiode D1 is connected via a first capacitor C1 with reference potential and also directly to a bias voltage source -Ud for the diode bias. A second connection of the photodiode D1 is connected to the input connection of a first transimpedance amplifier TIV1 and to the one connection of a Schottky diode D2, the other connection of which is connected to the output Ua of the optical receiver via a second capacitor C2 with reference potential and also via a negative feedback resistor Rg .
Der erste Transimpedanzverstärker TIV1 enthalt die Reihenschaltung eines ersten und eines zweiten bipolaren Transistors T1, T2, wobei der Basisanschluß des ersten Transistors T1 mit dem Eingangsanschluß des ersten Transimpedanzverstärkers TIV1, also mit dem Verbindungspunkt der Fotodiode D1 und der Schottkydiode D2 verbunden ist. Der Kollektoranschluß des ersten Transistors T1 ist mit einer Betriebsspannungsquelle Ub sowie aber einen dritten Kondensator C3 mit Bezugspotential verbunden. Der Emitteranschluß des ersten Transistors T1 ist mit dem Basisanschluß des zweiten Transistors T2 sowie über einen ersten Widerstand R1 mit Bezugspotential verbunden. Der Emitteranschluß des zweiten Transistors T2 ist direkt an Bezugspotential angeschlossen, der Kollektoranschluß dieses Transistors stellt den Ausgangsanschluß Ua1 des ersten Transimpedanzverstärkers TIV1 dar, er ist außerdem über einen zweiten Widerstand R2 mit der Betriebsspannungsquelle Ub sowie über einen Transimpedanzwiderstand Rk mit dem Basisanschluß des ersten Transistors T1 verbunden.The first transimpedance amplifier TIV1 contains the series circuit of a first and a second bipolar transistor T1, T2, the base connection of the first transistor T1 being connected to the input connection of the first transimpedance amplifier TIV1, that is to say the connection point of the photodiode D1 and the Schottky diode D2. The collector terminal of the first transistor T1 is connected to an operating voltage source Ub and, however, a third capacitor C3 with reference potential. The emitter terminal of the first transistor T1 is connected to the base terminal of the second transistor T2 and via a first resistor R1 to reference potential. The emitter connection of the second transistor T2 is connected directly to reference potential, the collector connection of this transistor represents the output connection Ua1 of the first transimpedance amplifier TIV1, it is also connected to the operating voltage source Ub via a second resistor R2 and to the base connection of the first transistor T1 via a transimpedance resistor Rk.
Zur Impedanzanpassung ist dem ersten Transimpedanzverstärker TIV1 ein Emitterfolger nachgeschaltet, der aus einem dritten Transistor T3 und einem dritten Widerstand R3 besteht. Der Basisanschluß des dritten Transistors T3 ist mit dem Ausgangsanschluß Ua1 des ersten Transimpedanzverstärkers TIV1 verbunden, der Kollektoranschluß dieses Transistors ist an die Betriebsspannungsquelle +Ub angeschlossen, wahrend der Emitteranschluß dieses Transistors mit dem Ausgangsanschluß Ua des optischen Empfängers sowie über den dritten Widerstand R3 mit Bezugspotential verbunden ist.For impedance matching, the first transimpedance amplifier TIV1 is followed by an emitter follower, which consists of a third transistor T3 and a third resistor R3. The base connection of the third transistor T3 is connected to the output connection Ua1 of the first transimpedance amplifier TIV1, the collector connection of this transistor is connected to the operating voltage source + Ub, while the emitter connection of this transistor is connected to the output connection Ua of the optical receiver and via the third resistor R3 with reference potential is.
Zur Erlauterung der Wirkungsweise sei zunächst das Verhalten bei kleinen optischen Eingangslichtleistungen betrachtet. In diesem Fall ist der Strom durch die Fotodiode D1 so klein, daß der zugehörige Spannungsabfall am Transimpedanzwiderstand Rk im Millivoltbereich liegt. Der entsprechende Gleichstromarbeitspunkt des dritten Transistors T3 ist dabei so eingestellt, daß die Emitterspannung dieses Transistors etwa um eine Diodenschwellenspannung unter der Basisvorspannung des ersten Transistors T1 liegt. Durch die Verbindung über den Gegenkopplungswiderstand Rg ist die Schottkydiode D2 in diesem Betriebsfall in Sperrichtung gepolt und erzeugt dabei keinen Rauschstrom, so daß damit der Rauschbeitrag der Schottkydiode vernachlässigbar ist. Mit steigender Eingangslichtleistung nimmt in gleichem Maße der Spannungsabfall am Transimpedanzwiderstand Rk zu. Diese Spannung beinhaltet einen Gleichwert entsprechend der gemittelten optischen Leistung und eine Wechselspannungsamplitude. Überschreitet der Gleichwert einen Betrag von etwa 1 Volt entsprechend einer Basis-Emitter-Schwellenspannung eines Transistors zuzuglich einer Schwellenspannung der Schottkydiode, dann wird die Schottkydiode D2 leitend und bewirkt bei weiter steigenden Eingangslichtleistungen eine Signalspannungsbegrenzung. In diesem Fall steuert also der Gleichstrommittelwert des Fotostroms der Fotodiode D1 den Bahnwiderstand der Schottkydiode D2. Der Widerstandswert des Gegenkopplungswiderstandes Rg ist nun sehr viel kleiner gewählt als der des Transimpedanzwiderstandes Rk. Beim Ausführungsbeispiel ist beispielsweise der Widerstandswert des Transimpedanzwiderstandes Rk etwa 20mal größer als der des Gegenkopplungswiderstandes Rg. Mit steigender Eingangslichtleistung wird dadurch eine fast vollständige Übernahme des Gleichstrommittelwertes des Fotostroms durch die Schottkydiode D2 erreicht, die Wahl des Arbeitspunktes des ersten Transimpedanzverstärkers TIV1 im reinen A-Betrieb stellt sicher, daß der restliche Fotostrom den Transimpedanzverstärker TIV1 nicht übersteuert. Damit ergibt sich, daß der optische Empfänger nach Figur 1 aufgrund des unterdruckten Rauschstroms der Schottkydiode D2 bei kleinen Eingangslichtleistungen eine hohe Empfindlichkeit aufweist und durch die Parallelschaltung von Schottkydiode mit Gegenkopplungswiderstand zum Eingang des Transimpedanzverstärkers wird bei großen Eingangslichtleistungen sichergestellt, daß der Transimpedanzverstärker nicht übersteuert wird.To explain the mode of operation, first consider the behavior with small optical input light powers. In this case, the current through the photodiode D1 is so small that the associated voltage drop across the transimpedance resistor Rk is in the millivolt range. The corresponding direct current operating point of the third transistor T3 is set so that the emitter voltage of this transistor is approximately one diode threshold voltage below the base bias of the first transistor T1. Due to the connection via the negative feedback resistor Rg, the Schottky diode D2 is polarized in the reverse direction in this operating case and does not generate any noise current, so that the noise contribution of the Schottky diode is therefore negligible. With increasing input light power, the voltage drop across the transimpedance resistor Rk increases to the same extent. This voltage contains an equivalent value corresponding to the average optical power and an AC voltage amplitude. If the equivalent value exceeds an amount of approximately 1 volt corresponding to a base-emitter threshold voltage of a transistor plus a threshold voltage of the Schottky diode, then the Schottky diode D2 becomes conductive and causes a signal voltage limitation when the input light powers continue to increase. In In this case, the average DC value of the photocurrent of the photodiode D1 controls the path resistance of the Schottky diode D2. The resistance value of the negative feedback resistor Rg is now chosen to be much smaller than that of the transimpedance resistor Rk. In the exemplary embodiment, for example, the resistance value of the transimpedance resistor Rk is approximately 20 times greater than that of the negative feedback resistor Rg Schottky diode D2 reached, the selection of the operating point of the first transimpedance amplifier TIV1 in pure A mode ensures that the remaining photo current does not overdrive the transimpedance amplifier TIV1. This results in the fact that the optical receiver according to FIG. 1 has a high sensitivity due to the negative noise current of the Schottky diode D2 at low input light powers and the parallel connection of Schottky diode with negative feedback resistor to the input of the transimpedance amplifier ensures that the transimpedance amplifier is not overloaded at high input light powers.
Der in Figur 2 dargestellte optische Empfänger gleicht in seinem Aufbau bis auf den Transimpedanzverstärker dem Aufbau des Empfängers nach Figur 1. Der in diesem Falle verwendete zweite Transimpedanzverstärker TIV2 enthalt als Eingangsstufe einen als Sourcefolger geschalteten Feldeffekttransistor vom HEMT-Typ, der den ersten Transistor T1 der Schaltung nach Figur 1 ersetzt. Der Gate-Anschluß des Feldeffekttransistors HEMT ist mit dem Eingangsanschluß des zweiten Transimpedanzverstärkers sowie über den Transimpedanzwiderstand Rk mit dem Ausgangsanschluß Ua2 des zweiten Transimpedanzverstärkers TIV2 verbunden. Der Drain-Anschluß diese Transistors ist analog der Schaltung nach Figur 1 über den dritten Kondensator C3 mit Bezugspotential sowie mit dem Betriebspannungsanschluß Ub verbunden, der Sourceanschluß des Feldeffekttransistors HEMT ist über die Parallelschaltung aus einem vierten Widerstand R4 und einem vierten Kondensator C4 mit dem Basisanschluß des zweiten Transistors T2 verbunden. Der Emitteranschluß dieses Transistors ist außerdem direkt und der Basisanschluß über den ersten Widerstand R1 mit Bezugspotential verbunden, der Kollektoranschluß dieses Transistors stellt den Ausgangsanschluß Ua2 des zweiten Transimpedanzverstärkers dar, der außerdem über den zweiten Widerstand R2 an die Betriebsspannungsquelle +Ub angeschlossen ist. Mit dem Ausgangsanschluß Ua2 ist wie bei der Schaltung nach der Figur 1 ein Emitterfolger als Endstufe des optischen Empfängers verbunden. Die Wirkungsweise der Schaltung nach der Figur 2 entspricht der nach der Figur 1, im Hinblick auf das außerordentlich gute Rauschverhalten des Feldeffekttransistors vom HEMT-Typ ist die erreichbare Empfindlichkeit noch hoher als die des Empfängers nach der Figur 1. Der wegen der Gate-Source-Vorspannung des Feldeffekttransistors erforderliche vierte Widerstand R4 ist beim Ausführungsbeispiel so dimensioniert, daß bei kleinen optischen Eingangsleistungen das Emitterpotential des Endstufentransistors T3 ebenfalls eine Schwellenspannung über dem Massepotential liegt, um die Funktion der Gegenkopplung Ober den Gegenkopplungswiderstand Rg und die Schottkydiode D2 und damit die Steuerung deren Bahnwiderstandes sicherzustellen.The structure of the optical receiver shown in FIG. 2 is the same as that of the receiver of FIG. 1 except for the transimpedance amplifier. The second transimpedance amplifier TIV2 used in this case contains as input stage a HEMT-type field effect transistor connected as a source follower, which is the first transistor T1 Circuit replaced according to Figure 1. The gate connection of the field effect transistor HEMT is connected to the input connection of the second transimpedance amplifier and via the transimpedance resistor Rk to the output connection Ua2 of the second transimpedance amplifier TIV2. The drain connection of this transistor is connected analogously to the circuit according to FIG. 1 via the third capacitor C3 with reference potential and with the operating voltage connection Ub, the source connection of the field effect transistor HEMT is connected in parallel via a fourth resistor R4 and a fourth capacitor C4 to the base connection of the second transistor T2 connected. The emitter connection of this transistor is also direct and the base connection is connected to reference potential via the first resistor R1, the collector connection of this transistor represents the output connection Ua2 of the second transimpedance amplifier, which is also connected via the second resistor R2 to the operating voltage source + Ub. As with the circuit according to FIG. 1, an emitter follower is connected to the output connection Ua2 as the output stage of the optical receiver. The mode of operation of the circuit according to FIG. 2 corresponds to that according to FIG. 1; in view of the extraordinarily good noise behavior of the field effect transistor of the HEMT type, the sensitivity that can be achieved is even higher than that of the receiver according to FIG. 1. Because of the gate-source Biasing of the field effect transistor required fourth resistor R4 is dimensioned in the exemplary embodiment so that at low optical input powers the emitter potential of the output stage transistor T3 is also a threshold voltage above the ground potential in order for the function of the negative feedback via the negative feedback resistor Rg and the Schottky diode D2 and thus the control of their path resistance ensure.
Claims (6)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß ein gemeinsamer Verbindungspunkt des fotoelektrischen Wandlers D1 und des Eingangs des nachgeschalteten Transimpedanzverstärkers (TIV) über eine Reihenschaltung aus einer für den Fotostrom bei vergleichsweise kleinen Eingangslichtleistungen gesperrten und bei vergleichsweisen großen Eingangslichtleistungen in Durchlaßrichtung gepolten Schottkydiode (D2) und einem Gegenkopplungswiderstand (Rg) mit dem Ausgang (Ua) des optischen Empfängers verbunden ist.Optical receiver with at least one photoelectric converter for generating a photo current from an input light power and with a downstream transimpedance amplifier,
characterized,
that a common connection point of the photoelectric converter D1 and the input of the downstream transimpedance amplifier (TIV) via a series circuit comprising a Schottky diode (D2) which is blocked for the photocurrent at comparatively small input light powers and which is polarized in the forward direction at comparatively large input light powers and a negative feedback resistor (Rg) with the Output (Ua) of the optical receiver is connected.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Transimpedanzverstärker (TIV1) einen ersten Transistor (T1) enthält, dessen Basisanschluß über den Verbindungspunkt mit dem fotoelektrischen Wandler (D1) sowie mit dem einen Anschluß des Transimpedanzwiderstandes (Rk) verbunden ist, daß der Kollektoranschluß des ersten Transistors (T1) mit dem Betriebsspannungsanschluß (+Ub) und der Emitteranschluß über einen Widerstand (R1) mit Bezugspotential und außerdem mit dem Basisanschluß eines zweiten Transistors (T2) verbunden ist, dessen Emitteranschluß mit Bezugspotential und dessen Kollektoranschluß über einen zweiten Widerstand (R2) mit der Betriebsspannung (+Ub), mit dem weiteren Anschluß des Transimpedanzwiderstandes (Rk) verbunden ist und außerdem den Ausgangsanschluß (Ua1) des Transimpedanzverstärkers darstellt.Optical receiver according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the transimpedance amplifier (TIV1) contains a first transistor (T1), the base connection of which is connected via the connection point to the photoelectric converter (D1) and to one connection of the transimpedance resistor (Rk), that the collector connection of the first transistor (T1) to the Operating voltage connection (+ Ub) and the emitter connection via a resistor (R1) with reference potential and also to the base connection of a second transistor (T2), the emitter connection with reference potential and the collector connection via a second resistor (R2) with the operating voltage (+ Ub ), is connected to the further connection of the transimpedance resistor (Rk) and also represents the output connection (Ua1) of the transimpedance amplifier.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Transimpedanzverstärker (TIV2) einen als Sourcefolger geschalteten Feldeffekttransistor (HEMT) enthält, dessen Gate-Anschluß über den Verbindungspunkt mit dem fotoelektrischen Wandler (D1) sowie mit dem einen Anschluß des Transimpedanzwiderstandes (Rk) verbunden ist, daß der Drain-Anschluß des Feldeffekttransistors mit Bezugsspannung (+Ub) verbunden ist, daß der Source-Anschluß dieses Transistors über die Parallelschaltung eines vierten Widerstandes (R4) und eines vierten Kondensators (C4) mit dem Basisanschluß des zweiten Transistors (T2) verbunden ist, daß der Emitteranschluß dieses Transistors (T2) direkt mit Bezugspotential und der Basisanschluß über einen ersten Widerstand (R1) mit Bezugspotential verbunden ist und daß der Kollektoranschluß des Transistors mit dem zweiten Anschluß des Transimpedanzwiderstandes (Rk) sowie über den zweiten Widerstand (R2) mit Bezugspotential (+Ub) sowie mit einem Ausgangsanschluß (Ua1) des Transimpedanzverstärkers (TIV) verbunden ist.Optical receiver according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the transimpedance amplifier (TIV2) contains a field-effect transistor (HEMT) connected as a source follower, the Gate connection is connected via the connection point to the photoelectric converter (D1) and to the one connection of the transimpedance resistor (Rk), that the drain connection of the field effect transistor is connected to the reference voltage (+ Ub), that the source connection of this transistor is connected the parallel connection of a fourth resistor (R4) and a fourth capacitor (C4) is connected to the base connection of the second transistor (T2), that the emitter connection of this transistor (T2) is directly connected to reference potential and the base connection is connected via a first resistor (R1) to reference potential is connected and that the collector terminal of the transistor is connected to the second terminal of the transimpedance resistor (Rk) and via the second resistor (R2) to reference potential (+ Ub) and to an output terminal (Ua1) of the transimpedance amplifier (TIV).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß dem Transimpedanzverstärker (TIV) ein mittels eines dritten Transistors (T3) aufgebauter Emitterfolger nachgeschaltet ist und dabei der Basisanschluß des dritten Transistors (T3) mit dem Ausgangsanschluß (Ua1) des Transimpedanzverstärkers (TIV) verbunden ist, daß der Kollektoranschluß des dritten Transistors direkt mit dem Betriebsspannungsanschluß (+Ub) verbunden ist, daß der Emitteranschluß dieses Transistors (T3) über einen dritten Widerstand (R3) mit Bezugspotential, mit dem Ausgangsanschluß (Ua2) des optischen Empfängers sowie mit dem Gegenkopplungswiderstand (Rg) verbunden ist.Optical receiver according to claims 1 to 3,
characterized,
that the transimpedance amplifier (TIV) is followed by an emitter follower constructed by means of a third transistor (T3) and the base connection of the third transistor (T3) is connected to the output connection (Ua1) of the transimpedance amplifier (TIV), that the collector connection of the third transistor is connected directly to is connected to the operating voltage connection (+ Ub), that the emitter connection of this transistor (T3) is connected via a third resistor (R3) with reference potential, to the output connection (Ua2) of the optical receiver and to the negative feedback resistor (Rg).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Widerstandswert des Gegenkopplungswiderstandes (Rg) sehr viel kleiner als der des Transimpedanzwiderstandes (Rk) ist.Optical receiver according to claims 1 to 4,
characterized,
that the resistance value of the negative feedback resistor (Rg) is very much smaller than that of the transimpedance resistor (Rk).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Widerstandswert des Gegenkopplungswiderstandes (Rg) etwa
characterized,
that the resistance value of the negative feedback resistor (Rg) is about
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4330748 | 1993-09-10 | ||
| DE4330748 | 1993-09-10 |
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|---|---|
| EP0643496A1 true EP0643496A1 (en) | 1995-03-15 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94113558A Withdrawn EP0643496A1 (en) | 1993-09-10 | 1994-08-30 | Optical receiver with wide dynamic range transimpedance amplifier |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0643496A1 (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996034459A2 (en) * | 1995-04-21 | 1996-10-31 | Philips Electronics N.V. | An optical receiver, a tuner, and an optical network |
| EP0794613A1 (en) * | 1996-03-05 | 1997-09-10 | Trw Inc. | Low noise-high linearity HEMT-HBT composite |
| EP0831605A2 (en) * | 1996-09-19 | 1998-03-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Optical receiver with wide dynamic range |
| US6307196B1 (en) | 1998-11-18 | 2001-10-23 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Detection circuit having a variable impedance circuit |
| DE102004009684A1 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2005-06-09 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Transimpedance amplifier system for high switching frequency for integrated optical sensors for read-out of compact (CD) and digital versatile discs (DVD) etc., with current input and output voltage dependent on input current |
| EP2747279A1 (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2014-06-25 | Valeo Schalter und Sensoren GmbH | Transimpedance amplifier and its use for a scanning optoelectronic detection device |
| US9064981B2 (en) | 2013-03-26 | 2015-06-23 | Excelitas Canada, Inc. | Differential optical receiver for avalanche photodiode and SiPM |
| US9246023B2 (en) | 2013-03-26 | 2016-01-26 | Excelitas Canada, Inc. | Optical receiver with fast recovery time |
| CN113517864A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-10-19 | 成都优蕊光电科技有限公司 | Transimpedance amplifier based on diode feedback and photoelectric sensor |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996034459A2 (en) * | 1995-04-21 | 1996-10-31 | Philips Electronics N.V. | An optical receiver, a tuner, and an optical network |
| WO1996034459A3 (en) * | 1995-04-21 | 1997-01-03 | Philips Electronics Nv | An optical receiver, a tuner, and an optical network |
| EP0794613A1 (en) * | 1996-03-05 | 1997-09-10 | Trw Inc. | Low noise-high linearity HEMT-HBT composite |
| EP0831605A3 (en) * | 1996-09-19 | 2003-01-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Optical receiver with wide dynamic range |
| DE19638440A1 (en) * | 1996-09-19 | 1998-04-02 | Siemens Ag | Optical receiver with a wide dynamic range |
| EP0831605A2 (en) * | 1996-09-19 | 1998-03-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Optical receiver with wide dynamic range |
| US6307196B1 (en) | 1998-11-18 | 2001-10-23 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Detection circuit having a variable impedance circuit |
| DE102004009684A1 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2005-06-09 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Transimpedance amplifier system for high switching frequency for integrated optical sensors for read-out of compact (CD) and digital versatile discs (DVD) etc., with current input and output voltage dependent on input current |
| DE102004009684B4 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2014-12-24 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Transimpedance amplifier arrangement for high switching frequencies |
| EP2747279A1 (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2014-06-25 | Valeo Schalter und Sensoren GmbH | Transimpedance amplifier and its use for a scanning optoelectronic detection device |
| US9064981B2 (en) | 2013-03-26 | 2015-06-23 | Excelitas Canada, Inc. | Differential optical receiver for avalanche photodiode and SiPM |
| US9246023B2 (en) | 2013-03-26 | 2016-01-26 | Excelitas Canada, Inc. | Optical receiver with fast recovery time |
| CN113517864A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-10-19 | 成都优蕊光电科技有限公司 | Transimpedance amplifier based on diode feedback and photoelectric sensor |
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