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EP0639206B1 - Siloxane copolymers having vinyloxy groups, their preparation and use - Google Patents

Siloxane copolymers having vinyloxy groups, their preparation and use Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0639206B1
EP0639206B1 EP93909912A EP93909912A EP0639206B1 EP 0639206 B1 EP0639206 B1 EP 0639206B1 EP 93909912 A EP93909912 A EP 93909912A EP 93909912 A EP93909912 A EP 93909912A EP 0639206 B1 EP0639206 B1 EP 0639206B1
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siloxane
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EP0639206A1 (en
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Christian Dr. Herzig
Alfred Dr. Rengstl
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Wacker Chemie AG
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Wacker Chemie AG
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G77/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G77/48Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule in which at least two but not all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms
    • C08G77/50Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule in which at least two but not all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms by carbon linkages
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G77/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G77/04Polysiloxanes
    • C08G77/38Polysiloxanes modified by chemical after-treatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups and to a process for their preparation. Furthermore, the invention relates to light-crosslinkable compositions based on siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups.
  • G is an alkylene radical or an alkylene radical which is interrupted by at least one divalent hetero radical, such as -o-, divalent phenylene radical or substituted divalent phenylene radical or combinations of such hetero radicals.
  • These organopolysiloxanes are obtained by producing a compound having an allyl and a vinyloxy group and adding this compound to the SiH groups of the organopolysiloxanes, the hydrosilylation taking place only on the allyl group.
  • EP-B 105 341 further describes compositions which can be crosslinked by light and contain
  • a silane with a vinyloxypropyl group and at least one trimethylsiloxy group is known for the production of plastic lenses, which is obtained by hydrosilylation of allyl vinyl ether with silane having trimethylsiloxy groups, the addition taking place on the allyl group.
  • German patent application file number P 41 23 423.5, describes siloxane copolymers which are produced by reacting hydrocarbons with more than two terminal double bonds, such as 1,2,4-trivinylcyclohexane, with organopolysiloxanes containing Si-bonded hydrogen atoms in the presence of the hydrosilylation promoting catalysts can be obtained.
  • organopolysiloxanes with any number of substituted vinyl ether groups are known, which by hydrosilylation, that is, by reaction of an organopolysiloxane containing SiH groups with a polyoxyalkylene ether, for example of the formula the addition being carried out on the allyl group.
  • the object was to provide siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups which can be prepared in a simple process, the process making it possible to introduce more than one vinyloxy group on a silicon atom and the process making it possible to obtain polyvinyloxy polymers even when divinyl ethers are used. Furthermore, the object was to provide siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups, which crosslink particularly rapidly under the action of light, in particular ultraviolet light, under cationic polymerization. This object is achieved by the invention.
  • the siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups preferably contain siloxane units of the formula (I), at least one siloxane unit of the formula (II) per molecule and at least one unit of the formula (VI) per molecule.
  • the organopolysiloxanes containing vinyloxy groups according to the invention preferably have a viscosity of 5 to 5.105 mPa.s at 25 ° C, preferably 50 to 50,000 mPa ⁇ s at 25 ° C.
  • the siloxane content is preferably 20 to 90% by weight, based on the total gas weight of the siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups.
  • radicals R are alkyl radicals, such as the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, 1-n-butyl, 2-n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, neo-pentyl, tert-pentyl; Hexyl radicals, such as the n-hexyl radical; Heptyl residues, such as the n-heptyl residue; Octyl radicals, such as the n-octyl radical and iso-octyl radicals, such as the 2,2,4-trimethylpentyl radical; Nonyl radicals, such as the n-nonyl radical; Decyl radicals, such as the n-decyl radical; Dodecyl radicals, such as the n-dodecyl radical; Octadecyl radicals, such as the
  • halogenated radicals R are haloalkyl radicals, such as the 3,3,3-trifluoro-n-propyl radical, the 2,2,2,2 ', 2', 2'-hexafluoroisopropyl radical, the heptafluoroisopropyl radical, and halogenaryl radicals, such as the o- , m-, and p-chlorophenyl.
  • alkyl radicals R 1 are the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, 1-n-butyl, 2-n-butyl, iso-butyl and tert-butyl radical.
  • the methyl and ethyl radicals are preferred.
  • alkyl radicals R 1 which are substituted by an ether oxygen atom are the methoxyethyl and ethoxyethyl radical.
  • alkyl radicals R are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, 1-n-butyl, 2-n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl -, Iso-pentyl, neo-pentyl, tert-pentyl and hexyl, such as the n-hexyl.
  • R is preferably a hydrogen atom.
  • alkyl radicals R3 are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, 1-n-butyl, 2-n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl -, Iso-pentyl, neo-pentyl, tert-pentyl and hexyl, such as the n-hexyl.
  • organic compound (1) Methods for producing organic compound (1) are described, for example, in PCT application WO 91/05756.
  • the basis for the production is the vinylation according to Reppe known to the person skilled in the art, in which alcohols are catalytically reacted with acetylene.
  • Typical impurities of technical vinyl ethers are vinyl ether alcohols, which are retained as "intermediates" due to incomplete vinylation, and optionally their secondary products through self-cyclization, such as:
  • R6 means hydrogen or a radical of the formula and k is 3
  • the latter compound and tetraallyloxyethane being preferred examples.
  • radical Z when u is L in the radical L are therefore those of the formula being the rest of the formula is preferred.
  • radical Z when u in the radical L 1 are therefore those of the formula and
  • the compound of the formula is obtained by reacting the above compound with acetic anhydride or isopropenyl acetate.
  • One type of organic compound (2) or mixtures of at least two different types of organic compound (2) can also be used in the process according to the invention.
  • Preferred organopolysiloxanes (3) with an average of more than one Si-bonded hydrogen atom per molecule are those of the general formula H e R f SiO 4- (e + f) 2nd where R has the meaning given above, e 0 or 1, average 0.005 to 1.0, f 0, 1, 2 or 3, on average 1.0 to 2.5 and the sum e + f is not greater than 3, used in the inventive method.
  • Preferred organopolysiloxanes (3) are those of the general formula H d R 3 -d SiO (SiR2O) o (SiRHO) p SiR 3-d H d (VIII), where R has the meaning given above, d is the same or different and is 0 or 1, o 0 or an integer from 1 to 1000 and p denotes 0 or an integer from 1 to 6, used in the inventive method.
  • the organopolysiloxanes (3) used in the process according to the invention particularly preferably contain on average 2 to 4, in particular an average of 2 to 3, Si-bonded hydrogen atoms per molecule.
  • the organopolysiloxanes (3) preferably have a viscosity of 0.5 to 20,000 mPa ⁇ s at 25 ° C, preferably 5 to 1000 mPa ⁇ s at 25 ° C.
  • organopolysiloxanes (3) of the formula (VIII) are copolymers of dimethylhydrogensiloxane and dimethylsiloxane units, copolymers of dimethylhydrosiloxane, dimethylsiloxane and methylhydrogensiloxane units, copolymers of trimethylsiloxane and methylhydrogensiloxane units and trimethylsiloxane siloxane units and trimethylsiloxane siloxane units and trimethylsiloxane
  • organopolysiloxanes (3) including those of the preferred type, are generally known.
  • organopolysiloxane (3) or a mixture of at least two different types of organopolysiloxane (3) can be used in the process according to the invention.
  • Organic compound (2) is used in the process according to the invention in amounts such that aliphatic double bond in organic compound (2) to Si-bonded hydrogen in organopolysiloxane (3) in a ratio of preferably 0.10 to 0.95, preferably 0.30 up to 0.80.
  • the aliphatic double bonds in the organic compound (2) react with the SiH groups in the organopolysiloxane (3) far faster than the vinyloxy groups in the organic compound (1).
  • the remaining SiH groups are then required for the introduction of the vinyloxy groups into the siloxane copolymer, which is carried out by the reaction with the organic compound (1) containing vinyloxy groups, some of the vinyloxy groups being consumed by hydrosilylation, the rest for the cationic crosslinking in the siloxane copolymer is available.
  • Organic compound (1) and (2) is used in the process according to the invention in such amounts that the sum of vinyloxy group in organic compound (1) and aliphatic double bond in organic compound (2) to Si-bonded hydrogen in organopolysiloxane (3) in Ratio of preferably 1.2 to 20, preferably 1.5 to 5, is present.
  • Siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups are preferably produced with little bridging via the organic compound (1) containing vinyloxy groups.
  • the siloxane copolymers according to the invention can also be produced in a two-stage process.
  • a first stage the organic compound (2) containing aliphatic double bonds is reacted with organopolysiloxane (3) in the presence of catalyst (4) and in a second stage the siloxane copolymer obtained in the first stage and having Si-bonded hydrogen atoms , reacted with vinyloxy group-containing organic compound (1) in the presence of catalyst (4).
  • the ratio of aliphatic double bond in organic compound (2) to Si-bonded hydrogen in organopolysiloxane (3) is always is less than 1.0, preferably 0.10 to 0.95, preferably 0.30 to 0.80.
  • organic compound (1) such as triglycol divinyl ether
  • organic compound (2) such as tetraallyloxyethane
  • organopolysiloxane (3) such as ⁇ , ⁇ -dihydrogendimethylpolysiloxane
  • the bridging via (1) can be suppressed by excess organic compound (1).
  • catalysts (4) promoting the attachment of Si-bonded hydrogen to aliphatic multiple bonds the same catalysts can also be used in the process according to the invention which have hitherto been used to promote the attachment of Si-bonded hydrogen to an aliphatic double bond.
  • the catalysts (4) are preferably a metal from the group of platinum metals or a compound or a complex from the group of platinum metals.
  • platinum halides for example PtCl4, H2PtCl6 * 6H2O, Na2PtCl4 * 4H2O, platinum-olefin complexes, Platinum-alcohol complexes, platinum-alcoholate complexes, platinum-ether complexes, platinum-aldehyde complexes, platinum-ketone complexes, including reaction products of H2PtCl6 * 6H2O and cyclohexanone, platinum-vinylsiloxane complexes, such as platinum-1,3- divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane complexes with or without a detectable amount of inorganically bonded halogen, bis (gamma-picoline), trimethylenedipyridineplatinum, dicyclopentadieneplatinum, Dimethylsulf
  • the catalyst (4) is preferably in amounts of 2 to 1000 ppm by weight (parts by weight per million parts by weight), preferably in amounts of 10 to 50 ppm by weight, in each case calculated as elemental platinum and based on the total weight of organic compound ( 1) and (2) and organopolysiloxane (3).
  • the process according to the invention is preferably carried out at the pressure of the surrounding atmosphere, that is to say at about 1020 hPa (abs.), But it can also be carried out at higher or lower pressures. Furthermore, the method according to the invention is preferably carried out at a temperature of 50 ° C. to 170 ° C., preferably 80 ° C. to 150 ° C.
  • inert organic solvents can also be used in the process according to the invention, although the addition of inert organic solvents is not preferred.
  • inert organic solvents are toluene, xylene, octane isomers, butyl acetate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran and cyclohexane.
  • Excess organic compound (1) and any inert organic solvent which may also be used are preferably removed by distillation from the siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups and prepared by the process according to the invention.
  • the excess organic compound (1) can also be left in the siloxane copolymer.
  • siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups prepared by the process according to the invention are optionally equilibrated with organopolysiloxane (5).
  • the organopolysiloxanes (5) are preferably selected from the group consisting of linear, terminal Organopolysiloxanes of the formula containing triorganosiloxy groups R3SiO (SiR2O) r SiR3, where R has the meaning given above and r is 0 or an integer from 1 to 1500, linear, terminal hydroxyl-containing organopolysiloxanes of the formula HO (SiR2O) s H, where R has the meaning given above and s is an integer from 1 to 1500, cyclic organopolysiloxanes of the formula (R2SiO) t , where R has the meaning given above and t is an integer from 3 to 12, and copolymers of units of the formula R2SiO and RSiO 3/2 , where R has the meaning given above.
  • R3SiO (SiR2O) r SiR3 where R has the meaning given above and r is 0 or an integer from 1 to 1500
  • the quantitative ratio of the organopolysiloxane (5) used in the optionally carried out equilibration and siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups is only determined by the desired proportion of the vinyloxy groups in the siloxane copolymers produced in the optionally carried out equilibration and by the desired average chain length.
  • basic catalysts which promote equilibration are preferably used.
  • alkali hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, trimethylbenzylammonium hydroxide and tetramethylammonium hydroxide.
  • acidic equilibration catalysts is possible, but not preferred.
  • the equilibration which is optionally carried out is preferably carried out at 100 ° C. to 150 ° C. and at the pressure of the surrounding atmosphere, that is to say at about 1020 hPa (abs.). If desired, higher or lower pressures can also be used.
  • the equilibration is preferably carried out in 5 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the vinyloxy group-containing siloxane copolymer and organopolysiloxane (5) used, in a water-immiscible solvent, such as toluene. Before working up the mixture obtained during equilibration, the catalyst can be deactivated.
  • the process according to the invention can be carried out batchwise, semi-continuously or fully continuously.
  • the invention therefore relates to the use of siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups, preferably comprising units of the formula (I), (II), optionally at least one of the units of the formula (III), (IV) or (V) and at least one of the units of the formula (VI), preferably containing units of the formula (I '), (II'), and (VI '), in light-crosslinkable compositions based on the aforementioned siloxane copolymers.
  • the siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups according to the invention are preferably crosslinked by ultraviolet light, preference being given to those having wavelengths in the range from 200 to 400 nm.
  • the ultraviolet light can e.g. generated in xenon, low mercury, medium mercury or high pressure mercury lamps. Also suitable for crosslinking by light is that with a wavelength of 400 to 600 nm, that is to say so-called “halogen light”.
  • the siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups according to the invention can be crosslinked by light in the visible range if commercially available photosensitizers are also used.
  • the cationic polymerization of the siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups according to the invention can, of course, also be initiated by Bronsted or Lewis acids customary therefor.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the siloxane copolymers according to the invention having vinyloxy groups for producing coatings which can be crosslinked by light.
  • siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups according to the invention can be used in radiation-curing printing inks.
  • Examples of surfaces to which the coatings according to the invention can be applied are those of paper, wood, cork, plastic films, e.g. Polyethylene films or polypropylene films, ceramic articles, glass, including glass fibers, metals, cardboards, including those made of asbestos, and of woven and non-woven cloth made of natural or synthetic organic fibers.
  • plastic films e.g. Polyethylene films or polypropylene films
  • ceramic articles glass, including glass fibers, metals, cardboards, including those made of asbestos, and of woven and non-woven cloth made of natural or synthetic organic fibers.
  • the application of the vinyloxy group-containing siloxane copolymers to the surfaces to be coated can be carried out in any manner suitable and widely known for the production of coatings from liquid substances, for example by dipping, brushing, pouring, spraying, rolling, printing, e.g. B. by means of an offset gravure coating device, knife or knife coating.
  • 16 g of tetraallyloxyethane and 76 g of triglycol divinyl ether are mixed with 238 g of a copolymer of hydrogen-dimethylsiloxane and dimethylsiloxane units with a viscosity of 11 mm ⁇ s ⁇ 1 at 25 ° C, which contains 0.50 g of Si-bonded hydrogen, and mixed under a nitrogen atmosphere heated to approx. 80 ° C.
  • a mixture of 56 g of acetylated pentaerytrite triallyl ether and 121 g of triglycol divinyl ether is mixed with 6 mg of platinum in the form of a solution of the platinum-1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetra-methyldisiloxane complex and heated to 100 ° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere.

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Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP93/01115 Sec. 371 Date Oct. 21, 1994 Sec. 102(e) Date Oct. 21, 1994 PCT Filed May 6, 1993 PCT Pub. No. WO93/22369 PCT Pub. Date Nov. 11, 1993The invention relates to organopolysiloxane copolymers having at least one Si-bonded vinyloxy-functional group and their preparation. The compositions of the present compound crosslink particularly rapidly under light.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Vinyloxygruppen aufweisende Siloxancopolymere sowie ein Verfahren zu deren Herstellung. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung durch Licht vernetzbare Zusammensetzungen auf der Grundlage von Vinyloxygruppen aufweisenden Siloxancopolymeren.The invention relates to siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups and to a process for their preparation. Furthermore, the invention relates to light-crosslinkable compositions based on siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups.

Aus EP-B 105 341 sind organopolysiloxane bekannt, die je Molekül mindestens eine Si-gebundene vinyloxyfunktionelle Gruppe der Formel

        H₂C=CH-O-G-

enthalten, wobei G ein Alkylenrest ist oder einen Alkylenrest bedeutet, der durch mindestens einen zweiwertigen Heterorest, wie -o-, zweiwertigen Phenylenrest oder substituierten zweiwertigen Phenylenrest oder Kombinationen solcher Heteroreste, unterbrochen ist. Diese Organopolysiloxane werden erhalten durch Herstellung einer Verbindung mit einer Allyl- und einer Vinyloxygruppe und Anlagerung dieser Verbindung an die SiH-Gruppen der Organopolysiloxane wobei die Hydrosilylierung nur an der Allylgruppe erfolgt. In EP-B 105 341 sind weiterhin durch Licht vernetzbare Zusammensetzungen beschrieben, die die vorstehend genannten Organopolysiloxane enthalten, sowie Oniumsalze, die die kationische Polymerisation dieser Organopolysiloxane katalysieren.
Organopolysiloxanes are known from EP-B 105 341 which contain at least one Si-bonded vinyloxy-functional group of the formula per molecule

H₂C = CH-OG-

contain, wherein G is an alkylene radical or an alkylene radical which is interrupted by at least one divalent hetero radical, such as -o-, divalent phenylene radical or substituted divalent phenylene radical or combinations of such hetero radicals. These organopolysiloxanes are obtained by producing a compound having an allyl and a vinyloxy group and adding this compound to the SiH groups of the organopolysiloxanes, the hydrosilylation taking place only on the allyl group. EP-B 105 341 further describes compositions which can be crosslinked by light and contain the organopolysiloxanes mentioned above, and onium salts which contain the catalyze cationic polymerization of these organopolysiloxanes.

Aus Chemical Abstracts 107,176221q ist zur Herstellung von plastischen Linsen ein Silan mit einer Vinyloxypropylgruppe und mindestens einer Trimethylsiloxygruppe bekannt, das durch Hydrosilylierung von Allylvinylether mit Trimethylsiloxygruppen aufweisendem Silan, wobei die Addition an der Allylgruppe erfolgt, erhalten wird.From Chemical Abstracts 107,176221q a silane with a vinyloxypropyl group and at least one trimethylsiloxy group is known for the production of plastic lenses, which is obtained by hydrosilylation of allyl vinyl ether with silane having trimethylsiloxy groups, the addition taking place on the allyl group.

In US-A 5,057,549 und CA-A 20 35 396 sind Propenyloxygruppen enthaltende Organopolysiloxane bzw. Propenyloxygruppen enthaltende Siloxancopolymere beschrieben, die in einem zweistufigen Verfahren hergestellt werden durch Anlagerung von Verbindungen mit zwei bzw. mehr als zwei Allyloxygruppen an SiH-Gruppen von Organopolysiloxanen und anschließende Umwandlung der Allyloxygruppen zu den Propenyloxygruppen durch Umlagerung der Doppelbindung.US Pat. No. 5,057,549 and CA-A 20 35 396 describe organopolysiloxanes containing propenyloxy groups or siloxane copolymers containing propenyloxy groups, which are prepared in a two-stage process by addition of compounds having two or more than two allyloxy groups to SiH groups of organopolysiloxanes and subsequent ones Conversion of the allyloxy groups to the propenyloxy groups by rearrangement of the double bond.

In der deutschen Patentanmeldung der Anmelderin mit dem Aktenzeichen P 41 23 423.5 werden Siloxancopolymere beschrieben, die durch Umsetzung von Kohlenwasserstoffen mit mehr als zwei endständigen Doppelbindungen, wie 1,2,4-Trivinylcyclohexan, mit Si-gebundene Wasserstoffatome aufweisenden Organopolysiloxanen in Gegenwart von die Hydrosilylierung fördernden Katalysatoren erhalten werden.The applicant's German patent application, file number P 41 23 423.5, describes siloxane copolymers which are produced by reacting hydrocarbons with more than two terminal double bonds, such as 1,2,4-trivinylcyclohexane, with organopolysiloxanes containing Si-bonded hydrogen atoms in the presence of the hydrosilylation promoting catalysts can be obtained.

Aus US-A 5,145,915 sind Organopolysiloxane mit einer beliebigen Anzahl von substituierten Vinylethergruppen bekannt, die durch Hydrosilylierung, also durch Umsetzung eines SiH-Gruppen aufweisenden Organopolysiloxans mit einem Polyoxyalkylenether beispielsweise der Formel

Figure imgb0001
wobei die Addition an der Allylgruppe erfolgt, hergestellt werden.From US-A 5,145,915 organopolysiloxanes with any number of substituted vinyl ether groups are known, which by hydrosilylation, that is, by reaction of an organopolysiloxane containing SiH groups with a polyoxyalkylene ether, for example of the formula
Figure imgb0001
the addition being carried out on the allyl group.

Es bestand die Aufgabe, Vinyloxygruppen aufweisende Siloxancopolymere bereitzustellen, die in einem einfachen Verfahren herstellbar sind, wobei das Verfahren es erlaubt, an einem Siliziumatom mehr als eine Vinyloxygruppe einzuführen und wobei das Verfahren es ermöglicht, auch bei Einsatz von Divinylethern Polyvinyloxy-Polymere zu erhalten. Weiterhin bestand die Aufgabe Vinyloxygruppen aufweisende Siloxancopolymere bereitzustellen, welche bei Einwirkung von Licht, insbesondere von Ultraviolettlicht, unter kationischer Polymerisation besonders rasch vernetzen. Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Erfindung gelöst.The object was to provide siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups which can be prepared in a simple process, the process making it possible to introduce more than one vinyloxy group on a silicon atom and the process making it possible to obtain polyvinyloxy polymers even when divinyl ethers are used. Furthermore, the object was to provide siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups, which crosslink particularly rapidly under the action of light, in particular ultraviolet light, under cationic polymerization. This object is achieved by the invention.

Gegenstand der Erfindung sind Vinyloxygruppen aufweisende Siloxancopolymere enthaltend

  • (a) Siloxaneinheiten der Formel R a Si(OR 1 ) b O 4-(a+b) 2
    Figure imgb0002
    wobei
    • R gleiche oder verschiedene, gegebenfalls halogenierte Kohlenwasserstoffreste mit 1 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatom(en) je Rest,
    • R¹ gleiche oder verschiedene Alkylreste mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatom(en) je Rest, die durch ein Ethersauerstoffatom substituiert sein können, bedeutet,
    • a 0, 1, 2 oder 3,
    • b 0, 1, 2 oder 3
    • und die Summe a+b nicht größer als 3 ist,
  • (b) je Molekül mindestens eine Einheit ausgewählt aus der Gruppe von Einheiten der Formel GR c SiO 4-(c+1) 2
    Figure imgb0003
    O 4-(c+1) 2 R c Si-G 1 -SiR c O 4-(c+1) 2
    Figure imgb0004
    Figure imgb0005
    und
    Figure imgb0006
    wobei R die oben dafür angegebene Bedeutung hat, c 0, 1 oder 2 ist,
    G einen Rest der Formel

            - CH₂CH₂OY(OCH=CH₂) x-1

    bedeutet, wobei
    Y einen zweiwertigen, dreiwertigen oder vierwertigen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 1 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen je Rest bedeutet,
       der durch Gruppen der Formel
    • OH
    • OR³ (wobei R³ einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatom(en) je Rest bedeutet)
    • OSiR 4 3
      Figure imgb0007
      (wobei R⁴ einen Methyl-, Ethyl-, Isopropyl-, tert.-Butyl- oder Phenylrest bedeutet)
    • Figure imgb0008
      (wobei R³ die oben dafür angegebene Bedeutung hat) oder
    • X (wobei X ein Halogenatom bedeutet) substituiert sein kann
         oder durch mindestens ein Sauerstoffatom, eine Carboxyl- oder eine Carbonylgruppe unterbrochen sein kann, und
    x 2, 3 oder 4 ist,
    • G¹ einen Rest der Formel
      Figure imgb0009
    • G einen Rest der Formel
      Figure imgb0010
      und
    • G³ einen Rest der Formel
      Figure imgb0011
    • wobei Y und x die oben dafür angegebene Bedeutung haben, bedeutet
      und
  • (c) je Molekül mindestens eine Einheit der Formel
    Figure imgb0012
       wobei R und c die oben dafür angegebene Bedeutung haben und
    L einen Rest der Formel
    Figure imgb0013
       bedeutet, wobei
       Z einen zweiwertigen, dreiwertigen, vierwertigen, fünfwertigen oder sechswertigen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 2 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen je Rest,
    der durch Gruppen der Formel
    • OH
    • OR³ (wobei R³ einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen je Rest bedeutet)
    • OSiR 4 3
      Figure imgb0014
      (wobei R⁴ einen Methyl-, Ethyl-, Isopropyl-, tert.-Butyl- oder Phenylrest bedeutet)
    • Figure imgb0015
      (wobei R³ die oben dafür angegebene Bedeutung hat) oder
    • X (wobei X ein Halogenatom bedeutet) substituiert sein kann
      oder durch mindestens ein Sauerstoffatom, eine Carboxyl- oder eine Carbonylgruppe unterbrochen sein kann,
      • R ein Wasserstoffatom oder einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen je Rest,
      • u 0 oder 1 und
      • y 2, 3, 4, 5 oder 6 bedeutet.
The invention relates to siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups
  • (a) Siloxane units of the formula R a Si (OR 1 ) b O 4- (a + b) 2nd
    Figure imgb0002
    in which
    • R identical or different, optionally halogenated hydrocarbon radicals with 1 to 18 carbon atoms each rest,
    • R¹ means identical or different alkyl radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms per radical, which can be substituted by an ether oxygen atom,
    • a 0, 1, 2 or 3,
    • b 0, 1, 2 or 3
    • and the sum a + b is not greater than 3,
  • (b) at least one unit per molecule selected from the group of units of the formula GR c SiO 4- (c + 1) 2nd
    Figure imgb0003
    O 4- (c + 1) 2nd R c Si-G 1 -SiR c O 4- (c + 1) 2nd
    Figure imgb0004
    Figure imgb0005
    and
    Figure imgb0006
    where R has the meaning given above, c is 0, 1 or 2,
    G is a residue of the formula

    - CH₂CH₂OY (OCH = CH₂) x-1

    means where
    Y represents a divalent, trivalent or tetravalent hydrocarbon radical with 1 to 20 carbon atoms per radical,
    by groups of the formula
    • OH
    • OR³ (where R³ represents an alkyl radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms per radical)
    • OSiR 4th 3rd
      Figure imgb0007
      (where R⁴ is a methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl or phenyl radical)
    • Figure imgb0008
      (where R³ has the meaning given above) or
    • X (where X represents a halogen atom) may be substituted
      or can be interrupted by at least one oxygen atom, a carboxyl or a carbonyl group, and
    x is 2, 3 or 4,
    • G¹ is a radical of the formula
      Figure imgb0009
    • G is a residue of the formula
      Figure imgb0010
      and
    • G³ is a residue of the formula
      Figure imgb0011
    • where Y and x have the meaning given above for them
      and
  • (c) at least one unit of the formula per molecule
    Figure imgb0012
    where R and c have the meaning given above and
    L is a residue of the formula
    Figure imgb0013
    means where
    Z is a divalent, trivalent, tetravalent, pentavalent or hexavalent hydrocarbon radical with 2 to 20 carbon atoms per radical,
    by groups of the formula
    • OH
    • OR³ (where R³ represents an alkyl radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms per radical)
    • OSiR 4th 3rd
      Figure imgb0014
      (where R⁴ is a methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl or phenyl radical)
    • Figure imgb0015
      (where R³ has the meaning given above) or
    • X (where X represents a halogen atom) may be substituted
      or can be interrupted by at least one oxygen atom, a carboxyl or a carbonyl group,
      • R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms per radical,
      • u 0 or 1 and
      • y means 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.

Vorzugsweise enthalten die Vinyloxygruppen aufweisenden Siloxancopolymere Siloxaneinheiten der Formel (I), je Molekül mindestens eine Siloxaneinheit der Formel (II) und je Molekül mindestens eine Einheit der Formel (VI).The siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups preferably contain siloxane units of the formula (I), at least one siloxane unit of the formula (II) per molecule and at least one unit of the formula (VI) per molecule.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist weiterhin ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der Vinyloxygruppen aufweisenden Siloxancopolymere, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Vinyloxygruppen aufweisende organische Verbindung (1) der allgemeinen Formel

        Y (OCH=CH₂)x     (1),

wobei Y und x die oben dafür angegebene Bedeutung haben, und eine aliphatische Doppelbindungen aufweisende organische Verbindung (2) der Formel

        Z [(OCHR)uCR=CH₂]y     (2),

wobei Z, R, u und y die oben dafür angegebene Bedeutung haben,
mit Organopolysiloxan (3) mit durchschnittlich mehr als einem Si-gebundenen Wasserstoffatom je Molekül in Gegenwart von die Anlagerung von Si-gebundenem Wasserstoff an aliphatische Doppelbindung förderndem Katalysator (4) umgesetzt wird, wobei organische Verbindungen (1) und (2) in solchen Mengen eingesetzt wird, daß das Verhältnis der Summe von aliphatischer Doppelbindung in den organischen Verbindungen (1) und (2) zu Si-gebundenem Wasserstoff im Organopolysiloxan (3) größer als 1,0 ist, mit der Maßgabe, daß das Verhältnis von aliphatischer Doppelbindung in organischer Verbindung (2) zu Si-gebundenem Wasserstoff im Organopolysiloxan (3) kleiner als 1,0 ist.
The invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of the siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups, characterized in that an organic compound (1) of the general formula containing vinyloxy groups

Y (OCH = CH₂) x (1),

where Y and x have the meaning given above, and an organic compound (2) of the formula which has aliphatic double bonds

Z [(OCHR) u CR = CH₂] y (2),

where Z, R, u and y have the meaning given above,
is reacted with organopolysiloxane (3) with on average more than one Si-bonded hydrogen atom per molecule in the presence of catalyst (4) which promotes the addition of Si-bonded hydrogen to an aliphatic double bond, organic compounds (1) and (2) being present in such amounts is used that the ratio of the sum of aliphatic double bond in the organic compounds (1) and (2) to Si-bonded hydrogen in the organopolysiloxane (3) is greater than 1.0, with the proviso that the ratio of aliphatic double bond in organic compound (2) to Si-bonded hydrogen in organopolysiloxane (3) is less than 1.0.

Im Stand der Technik, wie in der eingangs genannten EP-B 105 341, sind weder Vinyloxygruppen aufweisende Siloxancopolymere beschrieben noch war es zu erwarten, daß solche durch Addition (Hydrosilylierung) von SiH-Gruppen an Vinyloxygruppen erhalten werden können, da gemäß der EP-B 105 341 die Einführung einer Vinyloxygruppe in ein Organopolysiloxan nur gelingt durch Hydrosilylierung einer Verbindung, die eine Allylgruppe und eine Vinyloxygruppe enthält, wobei die Addition an der Allylgruppe erfolgt.In the prior art, as in EP-B 105 341 mentioned at the outset, neither siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups are described, nor was it to be expected that they could be obtained by addition (hydrosilylation) of SiH groups to vinyloxy groups, since according to the EP B 105 341 the introduction of a vinyloxy group into an organopolysiloxane can only be achieved by hydrosilylation of a compound which contains an allyl group and a vinyloxy group, the addition taking place on the allyl group.

Die erfindungsgemäßen, Vinyloxygruppen aufweisenden Organopolysiloxane besitzen vorzugsweise eine Viskosität von 5 bis 5.10⁵ mPa.s bei 25°C, bevorzugt 50 bis 50000 mPa·s bei 25°C.The organopolysiloxanes containing vinyloxy groups according to the invention preferably have a viscosity of 5 to 5.10⁵ mPa.s at 25 ° C, preferably 50 to 50,000 mPa · s at 25 ° C.

In den erfindungsgemäßen, Vinyloxygruppen aufweisenden Siloxancopolymeren beträgt der Siloxananteil vorzugsweise 20 bis 90 Gew.-% bezogen auf das Gasamtgewicht der Vinyloxygruppen aufweisenden Siloxancopolymere.In the siloxane copolymers according to the invention having vinyloxy groups, the siloxane content is preferably 20 to 90% by weight, based on the total gas weight of the siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups.

Beispiele für Reste R sind Alkylreste, wie der Methyl-, Ethyl-, n-Propyl-, iso-Propyl-, 1-n-Butyl-, 2-n-Butyl-, iso-Butyl-, tert.-Butyl-, n-Pentyl-, iso-Pentyl-, neo-Pentyl-, tert.-Pentylrest; Hexylreste, wie der n-Hexylrest; Heptylreste, wie der n-Heptylrest; Octylreste, wie der n-Octylrest und iso-Octylreste, wie der 2,2,4-Trimethylpentylrest; Nonylreste, wie der n-Nonylrest; Decylreste, wie der n-Decylrest; Dodecylreste, wie der n-Dodecylrest; Octadecylreste, wie der n-Octadecylrest; Cycloalkylreste, wie Cyclopentyl-, Cyclohexyl-, Cycloheptylreste und Methylcyclohexylreste; Arylreste, wie der Phenyl-, Naphthyl-, Anthrylund Phenanthrylrest; Alkarylreste, wie o-, m-, p-Tolylreste; Xylylreste und Ethylphenylreste; und Aralkylreste, wie der Benzylrest, der α- und der β-Phenylethylrest. Bevorzugt ist der Methylrest.Examples of radicals R are alkyl radicals, such as the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, 1-n-butyl, 2-n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, neo-pentyl, tert-pentyl; Hexyl radicals, such as the n-hexyl radical; Heptyl residues, such as the n-heptyl residue; Octyl radicals, such as the n-octyl radical and iso-octyl radicals, such as the 2,2,4-trimethylpentyl radical; Nonyl radicals, such as the n-nonyl radical; Decyl radicals, such as the n-decyl radical; Dodecyl radicals, such as the n-dodecyl radical; Octadecyl radicals, such as the n-octadecyl radical; Cycloalkyl residues such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl residues and methylcyclohexyl residues; Aryl radicals such as the phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl and phenanthryl radical; Alkaryl radicals, such as o-, m-, p-tolyl radicals; Xylyl residues and ethylphenyl residues; and aralkyl groups such as the benzyl group, the α- and the β-phenylethyl group. The methyl radical is preferred.

Beispiele für halogenierte Reste R sind Halogenalkylreste, wie der 3,3,3-Trifluor-n-propylrest, der 2,2,2,2',2',2'-Hexafluorisopropylrest, der Heptafluorisopropylrest, und Halogenarylreste, wie der o-, m-, und p-Chlorphenylrest.Examples of halogenated radicals R are haloalkyl radicals, such as the 3,3,3-trifluoro-n-propyl radical, the 2,2,2,2 ', 2', 2'-hexafluoroisopropyl radical, the heptafluoroisopropyl radical, and halogenaryl radicals, such as the o- , m-, and p-chlorophenyl.

Beispiele für Alkylreste R¹ sind der Methyl-, Ethyl-, n-Propyl-, iso-Propyl-, 1-n-Butyl-, 2-n-Butyl-, iso-Butyl-, und tert.-Butylrest. Bevorzugt sind der Methyl- und Ethylrest. Beispiele für Alkylreste R¹, die durch ein Ethersauerstoffatom substituiert sind, sind der Methoxyethyl- und Ethoxyethylrest.Examples of alkyl radicals R 1 are the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, 1-n-butyl, 2-n-butyl, iso-butyl and tert-butyl radical. The methyl and ethyl radicals are preferred. Examples of alkyl radicals R 1 which are substituted by an ether oxygen atom are the methoxyethyl and ethoxyethyl radical.

Beispiele für Alkylreste R sind der Methyl-, Ethyl-, n-Propyl-, iso-Propyl-, 1-n-Butyl-, 2-n-Butyl-, iso-Butyl-, tert.-Butyl-, n-Pentyl-, iso-Pentyl-, neo-Pentyl, tert.-Pentylrest und Hexylreste, wie der n-Hexylrest. Bevorzugt ist R ein Wasserstoffatom.Examples of alkyl radicals R are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, 1-n-butyl, 2-n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl -, Iso-pentyl, neo-pentyl, tert-pentyl and hexyl, such as the n-hexyl. R is preferably a hydrogen atom.

Beispiele für Alkylreste R³ sind der Methyl-, Ethyl-, n-Propyl-, iso-Propyl-, 1-n-Butyl-, 2-n-Butyl-, iso-Butyl-, tert.-Butyl-, n-Pentyl-, iso-Pentyl-, neo-Pentyl, tert.-Pentylrest und Hexylreste, wie der n-Hexylrest.Examples of alkyl radicals R³ are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, 1-n-butyl, 2-n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl -, Iso-pentyl, neo-pentyl, tert-pentyl and hexyl, such as the n-hexyl.

Bevorzugt als Vinyloxygruppen aufweisende Siloxancopolymere sind solche, die

  • (a) Siloxaneinheiten der Formel

            R₂SiO     (I'),

  • (b) je Molekül mindestens zwei Siloxaneinheiten der Formel

            GR₂SiO1/2     (II')

    und
  • (c) je Molekül mindestens eine Einheit der Formel
    Figure imgb0016
    wobei R, G, G¹ und L die oben dafür angegebene Bedeutung haben, enthalten.
Preferred siloxane copolymers having vinyloxy groups are those which
  • (a) Siloxane units of the formula

    R₂SiO (I '),

  • (b) at least two siloxane units of the formula per molecule

    GR₂SiO 1/2 (II ')

    and
  • (c) at least one unit of the formula per molecule
    Figure imgb0016
    where R, G, G¹ and L have the meaning given above for them.

Nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren lassen sind auch bei Einsatz von Divinylethern (1), die leicht zugänglich sind, durch den Einbau von polyfunktionellen En-Verbindungen (2) verzweigte, und damit polyfunktionelle Additionspolymere erhalten.According to the process of the invention, branched and thus polyfunctional addition polymers are obtained even when using divinyl ethers (1) which are easily accessible by incorporating polyfunctional ene compounds (2).

Beispiele für mehr als eine Vinyloxygruppe aufweisende organische Verbindung (1), die bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzt wird, sind solche der Formel

        CH₂=CH-O-CH₂-CH₂-O-CH=CH₂



        CH₂=CH-O-(CH₂)₄-O-CH=CH₂



        CH₂=CH-O-(CH₂CH₂O)₃-CH=CH₂



        CH₂=CH-O-(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂O)n-CH=CH₂     n=2-6

Figure imgb0017
Figure imgb0018
Figure imgb0019


        CH₃-C[CH₂-O(CH₂CH₂O)m-CH=CH₂]₃     m=1-10

Figure imgb0020


        CH₃-CH₂-C[CH₂-O(CH₂CH₂O)m-CH=CH₂]₃     m=1-10

Figure imgb0021
Figure imgb0022


        (CH₂=CH-O)₂CHCH(O-CH=CH₂)₂



        (CH₂=CH-O)₂CHCH₂CH(O-CH=CH₂)₂

und

        CH₃C(O-CH=CH₂)₃

Examples of organic compound (1) having more than one vinyloxy group and used in the process according to the invention are those of the formula

CH₂ = CH-O-CH₂-CH₂-O-CH = CH₂



CH₂ = CH-O- (CH₂) ₄-O-CH = CH₂



CH₂ = CH-O- (CH₂CH₂O) ₃-CH = CH₂



CH₂ = CH-O- (CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂O) n -CH = CH₂ n = 2-6

Figure imgb0017
Figure imgb0018
Figure imgb0019


CH₃-C [CH₂-O (CH₂CH₂O) m -CH = CH₂] ₃ m = 1-10

Figure imgb0020


CH₃-CH₂-C [CH₂-O (CH₂CH₂O) m -CH = CH₂] ₃ m = 1-10

Figure imgb0021
Figure imgb0022


(CH₂ = CH-O) ₂CHCH (O-CH = CH₂) ₂



(CH₂ = CH-O) ₂CHCH₂CH (O-CH = CH₂) ₂

and

CH₃C (O-CH = CH₂) ₃

Bevorzugte Beispiele für organische Verbindung (1) sind

        CH₂=CH-O-(CH₂CH₂O)₃-CH=CH₂

Figure imgb0023


        CH₃-C[CH₂-O-CH=CH₂]₃



        CH₃-C[CH₂-O(CH₂CH₂O)m-CH=CH₂]₃     m=1-10



        CH₃-CH₂-C[CH₂-O-CH=CH₂]₃

und

        CH₃-CH₂-C[CH₂-O(CH₂CH₂O)m-CH=CH₂]₃     m=1-10.

Preferred examples of organic compound (1) are

CH₂ = CH-O- (CH₂CH₂O) ₃-CH = CH₂

Figure imgb0023


CH₃-C [CH₂-O-CH = CH₂] ₃



CH₃-C [CH₂-O (CH₂CH₂O) m -CH = CH₂] ₃ m = 1-10



CH₃-CH₂-C [CH₂-O-CH = CH₂] ₃

and

CH₃-CH₂-C [CH₂-O (CH₂CH₂O) m -CH = CH₂] ₃ m = 1-10.

Beispiele für den Rest Y sind daher solche der Formel

        -(CH₂)₂-



        -(CH₂)₄-



        -(CH₂CH₂O)₂-CH₂-CH₂



        -(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂O)n-1CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂-     n=2-6

Figure imgb0024
Figure imgb0025
Figure imgb0026


        CH₃-C[CH₂-O(CH₂CH₂O)m-1CH₂CH₂-]₃     m=1-10

Figure imgb0027


        CH₃-CH₂-C[CH₂-O(CH₂CH₂O)m-1CH₂CH₂-]₃     m=1-10

Figure imgb0028
Figure imgb0029
Figure imgb0030
Figure imgb0031
und
Figure imgb0032
Examples of the radical Y are therefore those of the formula

- (CH₂) ₂-



- (CH₂) ₄-



- (CH₂CH₂O) ₂-CH₂-CH₂



- (CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂O) n-1 CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂- n = 2-6

Figure imgb0024
Figure imgb0025
Figure imgb0026


CH₃-C [CH₂-O (CH₂CH₂O) m-1 CH₂CH₂-] ₃ m = 1-10

Figure imgb0027


CH₃-CH₂-C [CH₂-O (CH₂CH₂O) m-1 CH₂CH₂-] ₃ m = 1-10

Figure imgb0028
Figure imgb0029
Figure imgb0030
Figure imgb0031
and
Figure imgb0032

Verfahren zur Herstellung von organischer Verbindung (1) sind beispielsweise in der PCT-Anmeldung WO 91/05756 beschrieben. Grundlage für die Herstellung ist die dem Fachmann bekannte Vinylierung nach Reppe, bei der Alkohole katalytisch mit Acetylen umgesetzt werden.Methods for producing organic compound (1) are described, for example, in PCT application WO 91/05756. The basis for the production is the vinylation according to Reppe known to the person skilled in the art, in which alcohols are catalytically reacted with acetylene.

Typische Verunreinigungen technischer Vinylether sind Vinyletheralkohole, die durch unvollständige Vinylierung als "Zwischenstufen" erhalten bleiben, sowie gegebenenfalls deren Folgeprodukte durch Eigencyclisierung, wie beispielsweise:

Figure imgb0033
Typical impurities of technical vinyl ethers are vinyl ether alcohols, which are retained as "intermediates" due to incomplete vinylation, and optionally their secondary products through self-cyclization, such as:
Figure imgb0033

Beispiele für aliphatische Doppelbindungen aufweisende organische Verbindung (2), die bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzt wird, sind

  • 3,5-Dimethyl-4-vinyl-1,6-heptadien,
  • 1,2,4-Trivinylcyclohexan,
  • 1,3,5-Trivinylcyclohexan und
  • 1,2,3,4-Tetravinylcyclobutan,
  • wobei 1,2,4-Trivinylcyclohexan bevorzugt ist,
sowie solche der Formel
Figure imgb0034
Figure imgb0035
Figure imgb0036
Figure imgb0037
Figure imgb0038


        (CH₂=CHCH₂O)₂CHCH(OCH₂CH=CH₂)₂



        (CH₂=CHCH₂O)₂CHCH₂CH(OCH₂CH=CH₂)₂



        CH₃C(OCH₂CH=CH₂)₃



        (CH₂=CHCH₂O)CH₂[CH(OCH₂CH=CH₂)]₃CH₂(OCH₂CH=CH₂)



        (CH₂=CHCH₂O)CH₂[CH(OCH₂CH=CH₂)]₄CH₂(OCH₂CH=CH₂)



        (R⁶O-CH₂-)4-kC(-CH₂-OCH₂CH=CH₂)k

Examples of organic compound (2) containing aliphatic double bonds which are used in the process according to the invention are
  • 3,5-dimethyl-4-vinyl-1,6-heptadiene,
  • 1,2,4-trivinylcyclohexane,
  • 1,3,5-trivinylcyclohexane and
  • 1,2,3,4-tetravinylcyclobutane,
  • 1,2,4-trivinylcyclohexane being preferred,
as well as those of the formula
Figure imgb0034
Figure imgb0035
Figure imgb0036
Figure imgb0037
Figure imgb0038


(CH₂ = CHCH₂O) ₂CHCH (OCH₂CH = CH₂) ₂



(CH₂ = CHCH₂O) ₂CHCH₂CH (OCH₂CH = CH₂) ₂



CH₃C (OCH₂CH = CH₂) ₃



(CH₂ = CHCH₂O) CH₂ [CH (OCH₂CH = CH₂)] ₃CH₂ (OCH₂CH = CH₂)



(CH₂ = CHCH₂O) CH₂ [CH (OCH₂CH = CH₂)] ₄CH₂ (OCH₂CH = CH₂)



(R⁶O-CH₂-) 4-k C (-CH₂-OCH₂CH = CH₂) k

(R⁶ bedeutet Wasserstoff oder einen Rest der Formel

Figure imgb0039
und k ist 3),
wobei die letztgenannte Verbindung und Tetraallyloxyethan bevorzugte Beispiele sind.(R⁶ means hydrogen or a radical of the formula
Figure imgb0039
and k is 3),
the latter compound and tetraallyloxyethane being preferred examples.

Beispiele für den Rest Z, wenn u im Rest L 0 ist, sind daher solche der Formel

Figure imgb0040
Figure imgb0041
Figure imgb0042
Figure imgb0043
wobei der Rest der Formel
Figure imgb0044
bevorzugt ist.Examples of the radical Z when u is L in the radical L are therefore those of the formula
Figure imgb0040
Figure imgb0041
Figure imgb0042
Figure imgb0043
being the rest of the formula
Figure imgb0044
is preferred.

Beispiele für den Rest Z, wenn u im Rest L 1 ist, sind daher solche der Formel

Figure imgb0045
Figure imgb0046
Figure imgb0047
Figure imgb0048
Figure imgb0049
Figure imgb0050
Figure imgb0051
Figure imgb0052
Figure imgb0053
und
Figure imgb0054
Examples of the radical Z when u in the radical L 1 are therefore those of the formula
Figure imgb0045
Figure imgb0046
Figure imgb0047
Figure imgb0048
Figure imgb0049
Figure imgb0050
Figure imgb0051
Figure imgb0052
Figure imgb0053
and
Figure imgb0054

Verfahren zur Herstellung von organischer Verbindung (2) sind in EP-B 46 731 (veröffentlicht 3. Oktober 1984, F. Lohse et al., Ciba-Geigy AG) beschrieben.Methods for producing organic compound (2) are described in EP-B 46 731 (published October 3, 1984, F. Lohse et al., Ciba-Geigy AG).

Die Verbindung der Formel

        (HOCH₂)4-kC(CH₂OCH₂CH=CH₂)k,

wobei k durchschnittlich 2,9 ist, ist beispielsweise bei der Fa. Shell AG käuflich erwerblich und wird als Pentaerythrittriallylether vertrieben. Die Verbindung der Formel

Figure imgb0055
wird durch Umsetzung der vorstehend genannten Verbindung mit Acetanhydrid oder Isopropenylacetat gewonnen.The compound of the formula

(HOCH₂) 4-k C (CH₂OCH₂CH = CH₂) k ,

where k is 2.9 on average, is commercially available from Shell AG, for example, and is sold as pentaerythritol triallyl ether. The compound of the formula
Figure imgb0055
is obtained by reacting the above compound with acetic anhydride or isopropenyl acetate.

Es kann eine Art von organischer Verbindung (1) oder Gemische von mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arten von organischer Verbindung (1) bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzt werden.It can be one type of organic compound (1) or mixtures of at least two different types of organic compound (1) can be used in the process according to the invention.

Ebenfalls kann eine Art von organischer Verbindung (2) oder Gemische von mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arten von organischer Verbindung (2) bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzt werden.One type of organic compound (2) or mixtures of at least two different types of organic compound (2) can also be used in the process according to the invention.

Vorzugsweise werden als Organopolysiloxane (3) mit durchschnittlich mehr als einem Si-gebundenen Wasserstoffatom je Molekül solche der allgemeinen Formel H e R f SiO 4-(e+f) 2

Figure imgb0056
wobei R die oben dafür angegebene Bedeutung hat,
e 0 oder 1, durchnittlich 0,005 bis 1,0,
f 0, 1, 2 oder 3, durchschnittlich 1,0 bis 2,5 und
die Summe e+f nicht größer als 3 ist,
bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzt.Preferred organopolysiloxanes (3) with an average of more than one Si-bonded hydrogen atom per molecule are those of the general formula H e R f SiO 4- (e + f) 2nd
Figure imgb0056
where R has the meaning given above,
e 0 or 1, average 0.005 to 1.0,
f 0, 1, 2 or 3, on average 1.0 to 2.5 and
the sum e + f is not greater than 3,
used in the inventive method.

Bevorzugt werden als Organopolysiloxane (3) solche der allgemeinen Formel

        HdR3-dSiO(SiR₂O)o(SiRHO)pSiR3-dHd     (VIII),

wobei R die oben dafür angegebene Bedeutung hat,
d gleich oder verschieden und 0 oder 1 ist,
o 0 oder eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 1000 und
p 0 oder eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 6 bedeutet,
bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzt.
Preferred organopolysiloxanes (3) are those of the general formula

H d R 3 -d SiO (SiR₂O) o (SiRHO) p SiR 3-d H d (VIII),

where R has the meaning given above,
d is the same or different and is 0 or 1,
o 0 or an integer from 1 to 1000 and
p denotes 0 or an integer from 1 to 6,
used in the inventive method.

Besonders bevorzugt enthalten die bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzten Organopolysiloxane (3) durchschnittlich 2 bis 4, insbesondere durchschnittlich 2 bis 3, Si-gebundene Wasserstoffatome je Molekül.The organopolysiloxanes (3) used in the process according to the invention particularly preferably contain on average 2 to 4, in particular an average of 2 to 3, Si-bonded hydrogen atoms per molecule.

Die Organopolysiloxane (3) besitzen vorzugsweise eine Viskosität von 0,5 bis 20 000 mPa·s bei 25°C, bevorzugt 5 bis 1000 mPa·s bei 25°C.The organopolysiloxanes (3) preferably have a viscosity of 0.5 to 20,000 mPa · s at 25 ° C, preferably 5 to 1000 mPa · s at 25 ° C.

Bevorzugte Beispiele für organopolysiloxane (3) der Formel (VIII) sind Mischpolymerisate aus Dimethylhydrogensiloxan- und Dimethylsiloxaneinheiten, Mischpolymerisate aus Dimethylhydrogensiloxan-, Dimethylsiloxan- und Methylhydrogensiloxaneinheiten, Mischpolymerisate aus Trimethylsiloxan- und Methylhydrogensiloxaneinheiten und Mischpolymerisate aus Trimethylsiloxan-, Dimethylsiloxan- und Methylhydrogensiloxaneinheiten.Preferred examples of organopolysiloxanes (3) of the formula (VIII) are copolymers of dimethylhydrogensiloxane and dimethylsiloxane units, copolymers of dimethylhydrosiloxane, dimethylsiloxane and methylhydrogensiloxane units, copolymers of trimethylsiloxane and methylhydrogensiloxane units and trimethylsiloxane siloxane units and trimethylsiloxane siloxane units and trimethylsiloxane

Verfahren zum Herstellen von organopolysiloxanen (3), auch von solchen der bevorzugten Art, sind allgemein bekannt.Methods for producing organopolysiloxanes (3), including those of the preferred type, are generally known.

Es kann eine Art von Organopolysiloxan (3) oder ein Gemisch von mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arten von Organopolysiloxan (3) bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzt werden.One type of organopolysiloxane (3) or a mixture of at least two different types of organopolysiloxane (3) can be used in the process according to the invention.

Organische Verbindung (2) wird bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren in solchen Mengen eingesetzt, daß aliphatische Doppelbindung in organischer Verbindung (2) zu Si-gebundenem Wasserstoff in Organopolysiloxan (3) im Verhältnis von vorzugsweise 0,10 bis 0,95, bevorzugt 0,30 bis 0,80, vorliegt.Organic compound (2) is used in the process according to the invention in amounts such that aliphatic double bond in organic compound (2) to Si-bonded hydrogen in organopolysiloxane (3) in a ratio of preferably 0.10 to 0.95, preferably 0.30 up to 0.80.

Die SiH-Gruppen liegen im Überschuß zu C=C-Gruppen in organischer Verbindung (2) vor. Die aliphatischen Doppelbindungen in der organischen Verbindung (2) reagieren mit den SiH-Gruppen im Organopolysiloxan (3) weit schneller als die Vinyloxygruppen in der organische Verbindung (1). Die übrig bleibenden SiH-Gruppen werden anschließend zur Einführung der Vinyloxygruppen in das Siloxancopolymer, die durch die Umsetzung mit der Vinyloxygruppen aufweisenden organischen Verbindung (1) erfolgt, benötigt, wobei durch Hydrosilylierung ein Teil der Vinyloxygruppen verbraucht, der Rest für die kationische Vernetzung im Siloxancopolymer zur Verfügung steht.The SiH groups are in excess of C = C groups in organic compound (2). The aliphatic double bonds in the organic compound (2) react with the SiH groups in the organopolysiloxane (3) far faster than the vinyloxy groups in the organic compound (1). The remaining SiH groups are then required for the introduction of the vinyloxy groups into the siloxane copolymer, which is carried out by the reaction with the organic compound (1) containing vinyloxy groups, some of the vinyloxy groups being consumed by hydrosilylation, the rest for the cationic crosslinking in the siloxane copolymer is available.

Organische Verbindung (1) und (2) wird bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren in solchen Mengen eingesetzt, daß die Summe aus Vinyloxygruppe in organischer Verbindung (1) und aliphatischer Doppelbindung in organischer Verbindung (2) zu Si-gebundenem Wasserstoff in Organopolysiloxan (3) im Verhältnis von vorzugsweise 1,2 bis 20, bevorzugt 1,5 bis 5, vorliegt.Organic compound (1) and (2) is used in the process according to the invention in such amounts that the sum of vinyloxy group in organic compound (1) and aliphatic double bond in organic compound (2) to Si-bonded hydrogen in organopolysiloxane (3) in Ratio of preferably 1.2 to 20, preferably 1.5 to 5, is present.

Vorzugsweise werden Vinyloxygruppen aufweisende Siloxancopolymere mit geringer Verbrückung über die Vinyloxygruppen aufweisende organische Verbindung (1) hergestellt.Siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups are preferably produced with little bridging via the organic compound (1) containing vinyloxy groups.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Siloxancopolymere können auch in einem zweistufigen Verfahren hergestellt werden. Dabei werden in einer 1. Stufe die aliphatische Doppelbindungen aufweisende organische Verbindung (2) mit Organopolysiloxan (3) in Gegenwart von Katalysator (4) umgesetzt und in einer 2. Stufe das in der 1. Stufe erhaltene Siloxancopolymer, das Si-gebundene Wasserstoffatome aufweist, mit Vinyloxygruppen aufweisender organischer Verbindung (1) in Gegenwart von Katalysator (4) umgesetzt. Wichtig ist auch in dem zweistufigen Verfahren, daß in der 1. Stufe das Verhältnis von aliphatischer Doppelbindung in organischer Verbindung (2) zu Si-gebundenem Wasserstoff im Organopolysiloxan (3) immer kleiner als 1,0 ist, vorzugsweise 0,10 bis 0,95, bevorzugt 0,30 bis 0,80 beträgt.The siloxane copolymers according to the invention can also be produced in a two-stage process. In a first stage, the organic compound (2) containing aliphatic double bonds is reacted with organopolysiloxane (3) in the presence of catalyst (4) and in a second stage the siloxane copolymer obtained in the first stage and having Si-bonded hydrogen atoms , reacted with vinyloxy group-containing organic compound (1) in the presence of catalyst (4). It is also important in the two-stage process that in the first stage the ratio of aliphatic double bond in organic compound (2) to Si-bonded hydrogen in organopolysiloxane (3) is always is less than 1.0, preferably 0.10 to 0.95, preferably 0.30 to 0.80.

In den erfindungsgemäßen Siloxancopolymeren können geringe Mengen an freien endständigen C=C-Doppelbindungen von der organischen Verbindung (2) vorliegen, die nicht mit den SiH-Gruppen reagiert haben. Diese freien "En"-Gruppen sind nicht störend. Sie können im Fall von Allyloxygruppen in ebenfalls kationisch vernetzbare 1-Propenoxygruppen umgewandelt werden, wie dies in der eingangs erwähnten DE-A 40 02 922 beschrieben ist.Small amounts of free terminal C = C double bonds of the organic compound (2) which have not reacted with the SiH groups can be present in the siloxane copolymers according to the invention. These free "en" groups are not disturbing. In the case of allyloxy groups, they can be converted into cationically crosslinkable 1-propenoxy groups, as described in DE-A 40 02 922 mentioned at the beginning.

Die Umsetzung von organischer Verbindung (1), wie Triglycoldivinylether, und organischer Verbindung (2), wie Tetraallyloxyethan, mit organopolysiloxan (3), wie α,ω-Dihydrogendimethylpolysiloxan, in Gegenwart von Katalysator (4) läuft nach folgendem Reaktionsschema (idealisiert) ab:

Figure imgb0057
The reaction of organic compound (1), such as triglycol divinyl ether, and organic compound (2), such as tetraallyloxyethane, with organopolysiloxane (3), such as α, ω-dihydrogendimethylpolysiloxane, in the presence of catalyst (4) takes place according to the following reaction scheme (idealized) :
Figure imgb0057

Durch Überschuß an organischer Verbindung (1) läßt sich die Verbrückung über (1) unterdrücken. In realen Reaktions-systemen erfolgt meist eine weitere Verbrückung von (2) über (3), so daß beispielsweise Einheiten der Formel (VI') vorliegen, sowie Verbrückung von (1) über (3), so daß beispielsweise Einheiten der Formel (III) vorliegen.The bridging via (1) can be suppressed by excess organic compound (1). In real reaction systems, there is usually a further bridging of (2) via (3), so that, for example, units of the formula (VI ') are present, and bridging of (1) over (3), so that, for example, units of the formula (III) are present.

Als die Anlagerung von Si-gebundenem Wasserstoff an aliphatische Mehrfachbindung fördernde Katalysatoren (4) können auch bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren die gleichen Katalysatoren eingesetzt werden, die auch bisher zur Förderung der Anlagerung von Si-gebundenem Wasserstoff an aliphatische Doppelbindung eingesetzt werden konnten. Bei den Katalysatoren (4) handelt es sich vorzugsweise um ein Metall aus der Gruppe der Platinmetalle oder um eine Verbindung oder einen Komplex aus der Gruppe der Platinmetalle. Beispiele für solche Katalysatoren sind metallisches und feinverteiltes Platin, das sich auf Trägern, wie Siliciumdioxyd, Aluminiumoxyd oder Aktivkohle befinden kann, Verbindungen und Komplexe von Platin, wie Platinhalogenide, z.B. PtCl₄, H₂PtCl₆*6H₂O, Na₂PtCl₄*4H₂O, Platin-Olefin-Komplexe, Platin-Alkohol-Komplexe, Platin-Alkoholat-Komplexe, Platin-Ether-Komplexe, Platin-Aldehyd-Komplexe, Platin-Keton-Komplexe, einschließlich Umsetzungsprodukten aus H₂PtCl₆*6H₂O und Cyclohexanon, Platin-Vinylsiloxankomplexe, wie Platin-1,3-Divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxankomplexe mit oder ohne Gehalt an nachweisbarem anorganisch gebundenem Halogen, Bis-(gamma-picolin)-platindichlorid, Trimethylendipyridinplatindichlorid, Dicyclopentadienplatindichlorid, Dimethylsulfoxydethylenplatin-(II)-dichlorid sowie Umsetzungsprodukte von Platintetrachlorid mit Olefin und primärem Amin oder sekundärem Amin oder primärem und sekundärem Amin gemäß US-A 4,292,434, wie das Umsetzungsprodukt aus in 1-Octen gelöstem Platintetrachlorid mit sec.-Butylamin, und Ammonium-Platinkomplexe gemäß EP-B 110 370, und Verbindungen und Komplexe von Rhodium, wie die Rhodiumkomplexe gemäß EP-A 476 426.As catalysts (4) promoting the attachment of Si-bonded hydrogen to aliphatic multiple bonds, the same catalysts can also be used in the process according to the invention which have hitherto been used to promote the attachment of Si-bonded hydrogen to an aliphatic double bond. The catalysts (4) are preferably a metal from the group of platinum metals or a compound or a complex from the group of platinum metals. Examples of such catalysts are metallic and finely divided platinum, which can be on supports such as silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide or activated carbon, compounds and complexes of platinum, such as platinum halides, for example PtCl₄, H₂PtCl₆ * 6H₂O, Na₂PtCl₄ * 4H₂O, platinum-olefin complexes, Platinum-alcohol complexes, platinum-alcoholate complexes, platinum-ether complexes, platinum-aldehyde complexes, platinum-ketone complexes, including reaction products of H₂PtCl₆ * 6H₂O and cyclohexanone, platinum-vinylsiloxane complexes, such as platinum-1,3- divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane complexes with or without a detectable amount of inorganically bonded halogen, bis (gamma-picoline), trimethylenedipyridineplatinum, dicyclopentadieneplatinum, Dimethylsulfoxydethylenplatin- (II) dichloride and reaction products of platinum tetrachloride with olefin and primary Amine or secondary amine or primary and secondary amine according to US-A 4,292,434, such as the reaction product kt from platinum tetrachloride dissolved in 1-octene with sec-butylamine, and ammonium-platinum complexes according to EP-B 110 370, and compounds and complexes of rhodium, such as the rhodium complexes according to EP-A 476 426.

Der Katalysator (4) wird vorzugsweise in Mengen von 2 bis 1000 Gew.-ppm (Gewichtsteilen je Million Gewichtsteilen), bevorzugt in Mengen von 10 bis 50 Gew.-ppm, jeweils berechnet als elementares Platin und bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht von organischer Verbindung (1) und (2) und organopolysiloxan (3), eingesetzt.The catalyst (4) is preferably in amounts of 2 to 1000 ppm by weight (parts by weight per million parts by weight), preferably in amounts of 10 to 50 ppm by weight, in each case calculated as elemental platinum and based on the total weight of organic compound ( 1) and (2) and organopolysiloxane (3).

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird vorzugsweise beim Druck der umgebenden Atmosphäre, also etwa bei 1020 hPa (abs.), durchgeführt, es kann aber auch bei höheren oder niedrigeren Drücken durchgeführt werden. Ferner wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren vorzugsweise bei einer Temperatur von 50°C bis 170°C, bevorzugt 80°C bis 150°C, durchgeführt.The process according to the invention is preferably carried out at the pressure of the surrounding atmosphere, that is to say at about 1020 hPa (abs.), But it can also be carried out at higher or lower pressures. Furthermore, the method according to the invention is preferably carried out at a temperature of 50 ° C. to 170 ° C., preferably 80 ° C. to 150 ° C.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren können inerte, organische Lösungsmittel mitverwendet werden, obwohl die Mitverwendung von inerten, organischen Lösungsmitteln nicht bevorzugt ist. Beispiele für inerte, organische Lösungsmittel sind Toluol, Xylol, Octanisomere, Butylacetat, 1,2-Dimethoxyethan, Tetrahydrofuran und Cyclohexan.Inert organic solvents can also be used in the process according to the invention, although the addition of inert organic solvents is not preferred. Examples of inert, organic solvents are toluene, xylene, octane isomers, butyl acetate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran and cyclohexane.

Von den nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Vinyloxygruppen aufweisenden Siloxancopolymeren werden vorzugsweise überschüssige organische Verbindung (1) sowie gegebenenfalls mitverwendetes inertes organisches Lösungsmittel destillativ entfernt. Die überschüssige organische Verbindung (1) kann auch im Siloxancopolymer belassen werden.Excess organic compound (1) and any inert organic solvent which may also be used are preferably removed by distillation from the siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups and prepared by the process according to the invention. The excess organic compound (1) can also be left in the siloxane copolymer.

Die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Vinyloxygruppen aufweisenden Siloxancopolymere werden gegebenenfalls mit Organopolysiloxan (5) äquilibriert.The siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups prepared by the process according to the invention are optionally equilibrated with organopolysiloxane (5).

Als Organopolysiloxane (5) werden vorzugsweise solche ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus linearen, endständige Triorganosiloxygruppen aufweisenden Organopolysiloxanen der Formel

        R₃SiO(SiR₂O)rSiR₃ ,

wobei R die oben dafür angegebene Bedeutung hat und
r 0 oder eine ganze Zahl im Wert von 1 bis 1500 ist,
linearen, endständige Hydroxylgruppen aufweisenden Organopolysiloxanen der Formel

        HO(SiR₂O)sH ,

wobei R die oben dafür angegebene Bedeutung hat und
s eine ganze Zahl im Wert von 1 bis 1500 ist,
cyclischen Organopolysiloxanen der Formel

        (R₂SiO)t ,

wobei R die oben dafür angegebene Bedeutung hat und
t eine ganze Zahl von 3 bis 12 ist,
und Mischpolymerisaten aus Einheiten der Formel

        R₂SiO und RSiO3/2 ,

wobei R die oben dafür angegebene Bedeutung hat, eingesetzt.
The organopolysiloxanes (5) are preferably selected from the group consisting of linear, terminal Organopolysiloxanes of the formula containing triorganosiloxy groups

R₃SiO (SiR₂O) r SiR₃,

where R has the meaning given above and
r is 0 or an integer from 1 to 1500,
linear, terminal hydroxyl-containing organopolysiloxanes of the formula

HO (SiR₂O) s H,

where R has the meaning given above and
s is an integer from 1 to 1500,
cyclic organopolysiloxanes of the formula

(R₂SiO) t ,

where R has the meaning given above and
t is an integer from 3 to 12,
and copolymers of units of the formula

R₂SiO and RSiO 3/2 ,

where R has the meaning given above.

Das Mengenverhältnis des bei der gegebenenfalls durchgeführten Äquilibrierung eingesetzten Organopolysiloxans (5) und Vinyloxygruppen aufweisenden Siloxancopolymeren wird lediglich durch den gewünschten Anteil der Vinyloxygruppen in den bei der gegebenenfalls durchgeführten Äquilibrierung erzeugten Siloxancopolymeren und durch die gewünschte mittlere Kettenlänge bestimmt.The quantitative ratio of the organopolysiloxane (5) used in the optionally carried out equilibration and siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups is only determined by the desired proportion of the vinyloxy groups in the siloxane copolymers produced in the optionally carried out equilibration and by the desired average chain length.

Bei dem gegebenenfalls durchgeführten Äquilibrieren werden vorzugsweise basische Katalysatoren, welche die Äquilibrierung fördern, eingesetzt. Beispiele für solche Katalysatoren sind Alkalihydroxide, wie Natriumhydroxid und Kaliumhydroxid, Trimethylbenzylammoniumhydroxid und Tetramethylammoniumhydroxid. Bevorzugt sind Alkalihydroxide. Alkalihydroxide werden vorzugsweise in Mengen von 50 bis 10 000 Gew.-ppm (= Teile je Million), insbesondere 500 bis 2000 Gew.-ppm, jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht von eingesetztem Vinyloxygruppen aufweisendem Siloxancopolymer und eingesetztem Organopolysiloxan (5), verwendet. Die Verwendung saurer Äquilibrierungskatalysatoren ist zwar möglich, jedoch nicht bevorzugt.If the equilibration is carried out, basic catalysts which promote equilibration are preferably used. Examples of such catalysts are alkali hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, trimethylbenzylammonium hydroxide and tetramethylammonium hydroxide. Alkali metal hydroxides are preferred. Alkali metal hydroxides are preferably used in amounts of 50 to 10,000 ppm by weight (= parts per million), in particular 500 to 2000 ppm by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the siloxane copolymer and vinyl polysiloxane (5) used. The use of acidic equilibration catalysts is possible, but not preferred.

Die gegebenenfalls durchgeführte Äquilibrierung wird vorzugsweise bei 100°C bis 150°C und beim Druck der umgebenden Atmosphäre, also etwa bei 1020 hPa (abs.), durchgeführt. Falls erwünscht, können aber auch höhere oder niedrigere Drücke angewendet werden. Das Äquilibrieren wird vorzugsweise in 5 bis 20 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht von jeweils eingesetztem Vinyloxygruppen aufweisendem Siloxancopolymer und eingesetztem organopolysiloxan (5), in mit Wasser nichtmischbarem Lösungsmittel, wie Toluol, durchgeführt. Vor dem Aufarbeiten des bei dem Äquilibrieren erhaltenen Gemisches kann der Katalysator unwirksam gemacht werden.The equilibration which is optionally carried out is preferably carried out at 100 ° C. to 150 ° C. and at the pressure of the surrounding atmosphere, that is to say at about 1020 hPa (abs.). If desired, higher or lower pressures can also be used. The equilibration is preferably carried out in 5 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the vinyloxy group-containing siloxane copolymer and organopolysiloxane (5) used, in a water-immiscible solvent, such as toluene. Before working up the mixture obtained during equilibration, the catalyst can be deactivated.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann absatzweise, halbkontinuierlich oder vollkontinuierlich durchgeführt werden.The process according to the invention can be carried out batchwise, semi-continuously or fully continuously.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Vinyloxygruppen aufweisenden Siloxancopolymere sind kationisch vernetzbar, beispielsweise durch Zugabe von Säuren, wie Salzsäure, Schwefelsäure oder p-Toluolsulfonsäure. Die erfindungsgemäßen Vinyloxygruppen aufweisenden Siloxancopolymere werden vorzugsweise in einer durch Licht initiierten, kationischen Polymerisation vernetzt. Als Katalysatoren für die durch Licht initiierte Vernetzung werden vorzugsweise Oniumsalze, wie Diaryljodoniumsalze oder Triarylsulfoniumsalze, verwendet, die aus EP-B 105 341 und der deutschen Anmeldung der Anmelderin mit dem Aktenzeichen P 41 42 327.5 bekannt sind. Beispiele für solche Oniumsalze sind die in EP-B 105 341 beschriebenen Bis-(dodecylphenyl)-iodoniumsalze, wie Bis-(dodecylphenyl)iodoniumhexafluoroantimonat oder Bis-(dodecylphenyl)iodoniumhexafluoroarsenat oder die in der deutschen Anmeldung mit dem Aktenzeichen P 41 42 327.5 beschriebenen Jodoniumsalze der Formel

Figure imgb0058
wobei D ein Rest der Formel -O-R⁵-SiR 6 3
Figure imgb0059
bedeutet, worin

  • R⁵ einen zweiwertigen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 1 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen je Rest, der gegebenfalls durch mindestens ein Sauerstoffatom und/oder ein Schwefelatom und/oder eine Carboxylgruppe unterbrochen ist,
  • R⁶ einen einwertigen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 1 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen je Rest, der gegebenenfalls durch mindestens ein Sauerstoffatom unterbrochen ist, und
  • X- ein Tosylatanion oder ein schwach nukleophiles oder nicht nukleophiles Anion Y- ausgewählt aus der Gruppe von CF₃CO₂-, BF₄-, PF₆-, AsF₆-, SbF₆-, ClO₄-, HSO₄-, CF₃SO₃- und C₄F₉SO₃-bedeutet.
The siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups according to the invention can be crosslinked cationically, for example by adding acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid. The siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups according to the invention are preferably in one crosslinked by light initiated, cationic polymerization. Onium salts, such as diaryl iodonium salts or triarylsulfonium salts, which are known from EP-B 105 341 and the applicant's German application with the file number P 41 42 327.5, are preferably used as catalysts for the light-initiated crosslinking. Examples of such onium salts are the bis- (dodecylphenyl) iodonium salts described in EP-B 105 341, such as bis- (dodecylphenyl) iodonium hexafluoroantimonate or bis- (dodecylphenyl) iodonium hexafluoroarsenate or the iodonium described in the German application with the file number P 41 42 327.5 of the formula
Figure imgb0058
where D is a radical of the formula -O-R⁵-SiR 6 3rd
Figure imgb0059
means what
  • R⁵ is a divalent hydrocarbon radical with 1 to 18 carbon atoms per radical, which is optionally interrupted by at least one oxygen atom and / or a sulfur atom and / or a carboxyl group,
  • R⁶ is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms per radical, which is optionally interrupted by at least one oxygen atom, and
  • X- a tosylate anion or a weakly nucleophilic or non-nucleophilic anion Y- selected from the group of CF₃CO₂-, BF₄-, PF₆-, AsF₆-, SbF₆-, ClO₄-, HSO₄-, CF₃SO₃- and C₄F₉SO₃- means.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist daher die Verwendung von Vinyloxygruppen aufweisenden Siloxancopolymeren, vorzugsweise enthaltend Einheiten der Formel (I), (II), gegebenenfalls mindestens eine der Einheiten der Formel (III), (IV) oder (V) und mindestens eine der Einheiten der Formel (VI), bevorzugt enthaltend Einheiten der Formel (I'), (II'), und (VI'), in durch Licht vernetzbare Zusammensetzungen auf Grundlage von vorstehend genannten Siloxancopolymeren.The invention therefore relates to the use of siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups, preferably comprising units of the formula (I), (II), optionally at least one of the units of the formula (III), (IV) or (V) and at least one of the units of the formula (VI), preferably containing units of the formula (I '), (II'), and (VI '), in light-crosslinkable compositions based on the aforementioned siloxane copolymers.

Vorzugsweise werden die erfindungsgemäßen Vinyloxygruppen aufweisenden Siloxancopolymere durch Ultraviolettlicht vernetzt, wobei solches mit Wellenlängen im Bereich von 200 bis 400 nm bevorzugt ist. Das Ultraviolettlicht kann z.B. in Xenon-, Quecksilbernieder-, Quecksilbermittel- oder Quecksilberhochdrucklampen erzeugt werden. Zur Vernetzung durch Licht ist auch solches mit einer Wellenlänge von 400 bis 600 nm, also sogenanntes "Halogenlicht", geeignet. Die erfindungsgemäßen Vinyloxygruppen aufweisenden Siloxancopolymere können durch Licht im sichtbaren Bereich vernetzt werden, wenn handelsübliche Photosensibilisatoren mitverwendet werden.The siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups according to the invention are preferably crosslinked by ultraviolet light, preference being given to those having wavelengths in the range from 200 to 400 nm. The ultraviolet light can e.g. generated in xenon, low mercury, medium mercury or high pressure mercury lamps. Also suitable for crosslinking by light is that with a wavelength of 400 to 600 nm, that is to say so-called “halogen light”. The siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups according to the invention can be crosslinked by light in the visible range if commercially available photosensitizers are also used.

Die kationische Polymerisation der erfindungsgemäßen Vinyloxygruppen aufweisenden Siloxancopolymere kann natürlich auch durch dafür übliche Brönsted- oder Lewissäuren eingeleitet werden.The cationic polymerization of the siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups according to the invention can, of course, also be initiated by Bronsted or Lewis acids customary therefor.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist schließlich auch die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Vinyloxygruppen aufweisenden Siloxancopolymeren zur Herstellung von durch Licht vernetzbare Überzüge.Finally, the invention also relates to the use of the siloxane copolymers according to the invention having vinyloxy groups for producing coatings which can be crosslinked by light.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Vinyloxygruppen aufweisenden Siloxancopolymere können in strahlungshärtenden Druckfarben verwendet werden.The siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups according to the invention can be used in radiation-curing printing inks.

Beispiele für Oberflächen, auf welche die erfindungsgemäßen Überzüge aufgebracht werden können, sind diejenigen von Papier, Holz, Kork, Kunststoffolien, z.B. Polyethylenfolien oder Polypropylenfolien, keramischen Gegenständen, Glas, einschließlich Glasfasern, Metallen, Pappen, einschließlich solcher aus Asbest, und von gewebtem und ungewebtem Tuch aus natürlichen oder synthetischen organischen Fasern.Examples of surfaces to which the coatings according to the invention can be applied are those of paper, wood, cork, plastic films, e.g. Polyethylene films or polypropylene films, ceramic articles, glass, including glass fibers, metals, cardboards, including those made of asbestos, and of woven and non-woven cloth made of natural or synthetic organic fibers.

Das Auftragen der erfindungsgemäßen Vinyloxygruppen aufweisenden Siloxancopolymeren auf die zu überziehenden Oberflächen kann in beliebiger, für die Herstellung von überzügen aus flüssigen Stoffen geeigneter und vielfach bekannter Weise erfolgen, beispielsweise durch Tauchen, Streichen, Gießen, Sprühen, Aufwalzen, Drucken, z. B. mittels einer Offsetgravurüberzugsvorrichtung, Messer- oder Rakelbeschichtung.The application of the vinyloxy group-containing siloxane copolymers to the surfaces to be coated can be carried out in any manner suitable and widely known for the production of coatings from liquid substances, for example by dipping, brushing, pouring, spraying, rolling, printing, e.g. B. by means of an offset gravure coating device, knife or knife coating.

Beispiel 1:Example 1:

16 g Tetraallyloxyethan und 76 g Triglycoldivinylether werden mit 238 g eines Mischpolymerisats aus Hydrogen-dimethylsiloxan- und Dimethylsiloxaneinheiten mit einer viskosität von 11 mm·s⁻¹ bei 25°C, das 0,50 g Si-gebundenen Wasserstoff enthält, vermischt und unter Stickstoffatmosphäre auf ca. 80°C erwärmt. Das Verhältnis der Allylgruppen zu den SiH-Gruppen beträgt 0,5, das Verhältnis der Summe der Allyl- und Vinylgruppen (C=C) zu den SiH-Gruppen, C=C/SiH, beträgt 2,0. Zu der erwärmten Mischung werden 4 mg Platin in Form von Hexachloroplatinsäure, gelöst in Isopropanol, zugegeben, worauf eine Innentemperatur von fast 150°C erreicht wird. Es wird ein Polymer mit einer Viskosität von 220 mm·s⁻¹ bei 25°C erhalten; die Menge des Gehalts an abspaltbarem Wasserstoff zeigt einen Umsatz von mehr als 99 %. Im Vakuum wird der nicht verbrauchte Divinylether (ca. 25 g) bei 10°C abgetrennt, wonach das Polymer eine Viskosität von 450 mm·s⁻¹ bei 25°C hat und das ¹H-NMR-Spektrum ein Verhältnis CH₂=CH-O/SiCH₂CH₂O von 1,04 zeigt. Freie Allyloxygruppen sind nicht nachweisbar. Das Polymer hat ein Doppelbindungsequivalent (Vinyloxygruppen) von ca. 1200 und ca. 78 Gew.-% Siloxananteil.16 g of tetraallyloxyethane and 76 g of triglycol divinyl ether are mixed with 238 g of a copolymer of hydrogen-dimethylsiloxane and dimethylsiloxane units with a viscosity of 11 mm · s⁻¹ at 25 ° C, which contains 0.50 g of Si-bonded hydrogen, and mixed under a nitrogen atmosphere heated to approx. 80 ° C. The ratio of the allyl groups to the SiH groups is 0.5, the ratio of the sum of the allyl and vinyl groups (C = C) to the SiH groups, C = C / SiH, is 2.0. 4 mg of platinum in the form of hexachloroplatinic acid, dissolved in isopropanol, are added to the heated mixture, whereupon an internal temperature of almost 150 ° C. is reached. It becomes a polymer with a Obtained viscosity of 220 mm · s⁻¹ at 25 ° C; the amount of hydrogen that can be removed shows a conversion of more than 99%. The unused divinyl ether (approx. 25 g) is separated off at 10 ° C., after which the polymer has a viscosity of 450 mm · s⁻¹ at 25 ° C and the ¹H-NMR spectrum has a ratio of CH₂ = CH-O / SiCH₂CH₂O of 1.04 shows. Free allyloxy groups are not detectable. The polymer has a double bond equivalent (vinyloxy groups) of approximately 1200 and approximately 78% by weight of siloxane.

Beispiel 2:Example 2:

Eine Mischung aus 56 g acetyliertem Pentaerytrittriallylether und 121 g Triglycoldivinylether wird mit 6 mg Platin in Form einer Lösung des Platin-1,3-Divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetra-methyldisiloxankomplexes versetzt und unter Stickstoffatmosphäre auf 100°C erwärmt. Zu dieser Lösung, die insgesamt 1,8 Mol C=C-Doppelbindungen enthält, werden 147 g eines α,ω-Dihydrogendimethylpolysiloxans, das 0,68 Gew.-% Si-gebundenen Wasserstoff enthält, getropft und es wird bis zu einem Umsatz von mehr als 98 % ausreagieren gelassen. Überschüssiger Divinylether wird im Vakuum abdestilliert, worauf ein Polymer mit einer Viskosität von 290 mm.s⁻¹ bei 25°C erhalten wird. Das ¹H-NMR-Spektrum zeigt ein Verhältnis CH₂=CHO/SiCH₂CH₂O von 1,06, wobei keine Allyloxygruppen mehr nachweisbar sind. Das Polymer hat ein Doppelbindungsequiva-lent von ca. 700 und einen Siloxananteil von ca. 52 Gew.-%.A mixture of 56 g of acetylated pentaerytrite triallyl ether and 121 g of triglycol divinyl ether is mixed with 6 mg of platinum in the form of a solution of the platinum-1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetra-methyldisiloxane complex and heated to 100 ° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. 147 g of an α, ω-dihydrogendimethylpolysiloxane which contains 0.68% by weight of Si-bonded hydrogen are added dropwise to this solution, which contains a total of 1.8 mol of C = C double bonds, and the mixture is converted to a conversion of allowed more than 98% to react completely. Excess divinyl ether is distilled off in vacuo, whereupon a polymer having a viscosity of 290 mm.s⁻¹ at 25 ° C is obtained. The 1 H-NMR spectrum shows a CH₂ = CHO / SiCH₂CH₂O ratio of 1.06, with no more allyloxy groups being detectable. The polymer has a double bond equivalent of approx. 700 and a siloxane content of approx. 52% by weight.

Beispiel 3:Example 3:

10 g des in Beispiel 2 hergestellten Polymers werden mit 0,1 g [4-[2-(3-Tributylsilylpropyloxy)ethoxy]phenyl]phenyl-jodoniumhexafluoroantimonat (deren Herstellung in der deutschen Anmeldung mit dem Aktenzeichen P 41 42 327.5 beschrieben ist) gemischt und mit einem Glasstab in ca. 4 µm dünner Schicht auf mit Polyethylen beschichtetem Papier aufgestrichen. Die Aushärtung erfolgt mittels einer Quecksilber-mitteldrucklampe (80 Watt/cm) im Abstand von 10 cm nach einer Belichtungszeit von 0,2 Sekunden.10 g of the polymer prepared in Example 2 are mixed with 0.1 g of [4- [2- (3-tributylsilylpropyloxy) ethoxy] phenyl] phenyl iodonium hexafluoroantimonate (the preparation of which is described in the German application with the file number P 41 42 327.5) and with a glass rod about 4 µm thinner Layer coated on paper coated with polyethylene. Curing takes place using a medium-pressure mercury lamp (80 watts / cm) at a distance of 10 cm after an exposure time of 0.2 seconds.

Claims (10)

  1. Siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups and comprising
    (a) siloxane units of the formula R a Si(OR 1 ) b O 4-(a+b) 2
    Figure imgb0075
       wherein R denotes identical or different, optionally halogenated hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 18 carbon atoms per radical,
    R¹ denotes identical or different alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms per radical, which can be substituted by an ether oxygen atom,
    a is 0, 1, 2 or 3,
    b is 0, 1, 2 or 3
    and the sum of a+b is not greater than 3,
    (b) at least one unit per molecule chosen from the group comprising units of the formula GR c SiO 4-(c+1) 2
    Figure imgb0076
    O 4-(c+1) 2 R c Si-G 1 -SiR c O 4-(c+1) 2
    Figure imgb0077
    Figure imgb0078
    and
    Figure imgb0079
    wherein R has the meaning given above for this radical,
    c is 0, 1 or 2,
    G denotes a radical of the formula

            - CH₂CH₂OY(OCH=CH₂)x-1

    wherein
    Y denotes a divalent, trivalent or tetravalent hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms per radical,
       which can be substituted by groups of the formula
    - OH
    - OR³ (wherein R³ denotes an alkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms per radical)
    - OSiR 4 3
    Figure imgb0080
    (wherein R⁴ denotes a methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl or phenyl radical)
    -
    Figure imgb0081
    (wherein R³ has the meaning given above for this radical) or
    - X (wherein X denotes a halogen atom) or can be interrupted by at least one oxygen atom, one carboxyl or one carbonyl group, and
    x is 2, 3 or 4,
    G¹ denotes a radical of the formula
    Figure imgb0082
    G denotes a radical of the formula
    Figure imgb0083
    and
    G³ denotes a radical of the formula
    Figure imgb0084
       wherein Y and x have the meaning given above for these symbols,
    and
    (c) at least one unit per molecule of the formula
    Figure imgb0085

       wherein R and c have the meaning given above for these symbols and
    L denotes a radical of the formula
    Figure imgb0086
    wherein
    Z is a divalent, trivalent, tetravalent, pentavalent or hexavalent hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 20 carbon atoms per radical, which can be substituted by groups of the formula
    - OH
    - OR³ (wherein R³ denotes an alkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms per radical)
    - OSiR 4 3
    Figure imgb0087
    (wherein R⁴ denotes a methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl or phenyl radical)
    -
    Figure imgb0088
    (wherein R³ has the meaning given above for this radical) or
    - X (wherein X denotes a halogen atom) or can be interrupted by at least one oxygen atom, one carboxyl or one carbonyl group,
    R denotes a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms per radical,
    u denotes 0 or 1 and
    y denotes 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
  2. Siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups, according to Claim 1, characterised in that the siloxane units of the formula (I) contain, per molecule, at least one siloxane unit of the formula (II) and, per molecule, at least one unit of the formula (VI).
  3. Siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups, according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that they comprise
    (a) siloxane units of the formula

            R₂SiO     (I'),

    (b) per molecule, at least two siloxane units of the formula

            GR₂SiO1/2     (II')

    and
    (c) per molecule, at least one unit of the formula
    Figure imgb0089
       wherein R, G, L and y have the meanings given in Claim 1.
  4. Process for the preparation of the siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups, characterised in that an organic compound (1) containing vinyloxy groups, of the general formula

            Y(OCH=CH₂)x     (1)

       wherein Y and x have the meanings given in Claim 1, and an organic compound (2) containing aliphatic double bonds, of the formula

            Z[(OCHR)uCR=CH₂]y     (2)

       wherein Z, u and y have the meanings given in Claim 1,
    is [sic] reacted with an organopolysiloxane (3) having on average more than one Si-bonded hydrogen atom per molecule, in the presence of a catalyst (4) which promotes the addition of Si-bonded hydrogen onto an aliphatic double bond, the organic compound [sic] (1) and (2) being employed in amounts such that the ratio of the sum of aliphatic double bond in the organic compounds (1) and (2) to Si-bonded hydrogen in the organopolysiloxane (3) is greater than 1.0, with the proviso that the ratio of aliphatic double bond in the organic compound (2) to Si-bonded hydrogen in the organopolysiloxane (3) is less than 1.0.
  5. Process according to Claim 4, characterised in that

            CH₂=CH-O-(CH₂CH₂O)₃-CH=CH₂

    is used as the organic compound (1).
  6. Process according to Claim 4, characterised in that

            (CH₂=CHCH₂O)₂CHCH(OCH₂CH=CH₂)₂

    is used as the organic compound (2).
  7. Process according to Claim 4, characterised in that the organopolysiloxane (3) having on average more than one Si-bonded hydrogen atom per molecule which is used is one of the general formula

            HdR3-dSiO(SiR₂O)o(SiRHO)pSiR3-dHd     (VIII)

    wherein R denotes identical or different, optionally halogenated hydrocarbon radicals with 1 to 18 carbon atom(s) per radical,
    d is identical or different and is 0 or 1,
    o denotes 0 or an integer from 1 to 1000 and
    p denotes 0 or an integer from 1 to 6.
  8. Process according to one of Claims 4 to 7, characterised in that the resulting siloxane copolymer containing vinyloxy groups is equilibrated with an organopolysiloxane (5) chosen from linear organopolysiloxanes containing terminal triorganosiloxy groups, linear organopolysiloxanes containing terminal hydroxyl groups, cyclic organopolysiloxanes and copolymers of diorganosiloxane and monoorganosiloxane units.
  9. Use of the siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups according to Claim 1, 2 or 3 in compositions which can be crosslinked by light and are based on the abovementioned siloxane copolymers.
  10. Use of the siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups according to Claim 1, 2 or 3 for the production of coatings which can be crosslinked by light.
EP93909912A 1992-05-07 1993-05-06 Siloxane copolymers having vinyloxy groups, their preparation and use Expired - Lifetime EP0639206B1 (en)

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DE4215030A DE4215030A1 (en) 1992-05-07 1992-05-07 Siloxane copolymers containing vinyloxy groups, their preparation and use
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PCT/EP1993/001115 WO1993022369A1 (en) 1992-05-07 1993-05-06 Siloxane copolymers having vinyloxy groups, their preparation and use

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