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EP0633342B1 - Method and device for automatically optimising the use of detergent in a washing machine, washing-drying machine, dishwasher or the like, by measuring the water hardness - Google Patents

Method and device for automatically optimising the use of detergent in a washing machine, washing-drying machine, dishwasher or the like, by measuring the water hardness Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0633342B1
EP0633342B1 EP93110763A EP93110763A EP0633342B1 EP 0633342 B1 EP0633342 B1 EP 0633342B1 EP 93110763 A EP93110763 A EP 93110763A EP 93110763 A EP93110763 A EP 93110763A EP 0633342 B1 EP0633342 B1 EP 0633342B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
washing machine
detergent
washing
appliance according
environment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93110763A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0633342A1 (en
Inventor
Daniele C/O Whirlpool Italia S.R.L. Turetta
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Whirlpool Europe BV
Original Assignee
Whirlpool Europe BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Whirlpool Europe BV filed Critical Whirlpool Europe BV
Priority to EP93110763A priority Critical patent/EP0633342B1/en
Priority to DE69323073T priority patent/DE69323073T2/en
Publication of EP0633342A1 publication Critical patent/EP0633342A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0633342B1 publication Critical patent/EP0633342B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/0018—Controlling processes, i.e. processes to control the operation of the machine characterised by the purpose or target of the control
    • A47L15/0055—Metering or indication of used products, e.g. type or quantity of detergent, rinse aid or salt; for measuring or controlling the product concentration
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/42—Details
    • A47L15/44—Devices for adding cleaning agents; Devices for dispensing cleaning agents, rinsing aids or deodorants
    • A47L15/449—Metering controlling devices
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F33/00—Control of operations performed in washing machines or washer-dryers 
    • D06F33/50—Control of washer-dryers characterised by the purpose or target of the control
    • D06F33/52—Control of the operational steps, e.g. optimisation or improvement of operational steps depending on the condition of the laundry
    • D06F33/57—Control of the operational steps, e.g. optimisation or improvement of operational steps depending on the condition of the laundry of metering of detergents or additives
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F34/00—Details of control systems for washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F34/14—Arrangements for detecting or measuring specific parameters
    • D06F34/22—Condition of the washing liquid, e.g. turbidity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2401/00—Automatic detection in controlling methods of washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware, e.g. information provided by sensors entered into controlling devices
    • A47L2401/11—Water hardness, acidity or basicity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2401/00—Automatic detection in controlling methods of washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware, e.g. information provided by sensors entered into controlling devices
    • A47L2401/30—Variation of electrical, magnetical or optical quantities
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2501/00—Output in controlling method of washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware, i.e. quantities or components controlled, or actions performed by the controlling device executing the controlling method
    • A47L2501/07—Consumable products, e.g. detergent, rinse aids or salt
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2103/20—Washing liquid condition, e.g. turbidity
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2105/02—Water supply
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2105/42—Detergent or additive supply
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2105/58—Indications or alarms to the control system or to the user

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a washing domestic appliance, i.e. washing machine, washing-drying machine, dishwasher or the like, which automatically optimizes the use of detergent by measuring the hardness of the wash water.
  • Hardness is known to be an intrinsic characteristic of water and is due mainly to the presence of magnesium and calcium salts. In general, using a given detergent in said machine, the harder the water (i.e. its richness in said salts) the lesser the washing efficiency of the detergent.
  • US-A-3 223 108 discloses a washing machine with three sensing cells.
  • the detergent quantity can be automatically adjusted according to water hardness.
  • the control system used in such machine is a feedback system in which one of the three cells senses the conductivity of the washing solution with consequent problems in term of contamination of the cell.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a washing domestic appliance in which the automatic optimization of detergent on the basis of the particular hardness of the wash water is highly reliable with time.
  • a further object is to provide a washing domestic appliance which is of simple construction and low cost.
  • the device of the invention comprises a conductivity sensor 1 positioned in a pipe 2 through which water enters the tub for example of a washing machine (not shown).
  • the sensor is associated with a unit 3 for evaluating the conductivity measured by the sensor 1.
  • the evaluation unit 3 cooperates with a memory 4 containing conductivity reference values.
  • the senor 1 is a conductivity cell and measures the conductivity or impedance between two flat plates 10, 11 arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart within a support 12 positioned along the water path to the washing machine tub (represented by the arrow F in Figure 1).
  • This support comprises for example an annular body 13 provided with lateral lugs 14 for its fixing to any known fixed part of the washing machine.
  • the body 13 comprises an annular seal 15 and by means of arms 16 supports said plates 10, 11.
  • the body 13 is positioned between two portions 2A and 2B of the pipe 2 and is traversed by the water entering the machine.
  • the plates 10, 11 are connected to an electrical discriminator circuit 20 for the conductivity data obtained by the sensor 1.
  • This discriminator circuit (shown in Figure 2) comprises a circuit block 21 operating as an alternating oscillator and hence generating a sinusoidal signal preferably of frequency between 900 Hz and 1200 Hz to prevent the water undergoing electrolysis on passing between the plates 10 and 11.
  • the block 21 is connected to a circuit block 23 acting as a high impedance differential amplifier. Before reaching the block 23, the output signal from the block 21 is fed to the plates 10 and 11 arranged in "bridge" configuration together with two resistors 24 and 25.
  • the output from the amplifier 23 is fed to a rectifier 26 and then to an integrator 27 so that at the output of the circuit 20 there is a direct current signal which is fed to a control and operating unit 28 which acts on an actuator 29 for moving a metering member 30 for the detergent to be fed to the washing machine tub.
  • the circuit 20 and the unit 28 form the said evaluation unit 3.
  • the actuator 29 is for example an electric stepping motor acting on an arm 32 connected to a movable flap 33 (hinged at 33A to a fixed part of the machine) which closes an aperture 34 in a detergent container 35 connected to a vessel 36 to which water flows from a pipe 37 and from which the detergent can pass into the washing machine tub via a pipe 38.
  • the arm 32 and flap 33 define said metering member 30.
  • the sensor 1 positioned in the feed pipe 2 measures the conductivity of the water by means of a signal generated within the circuit 20 by the "bridge" defined by the plates 10 and 11 and the resistors 24 and 25.
  • the signal emitted by the plates 10 and 11 varies, as consequently does that emitted by said bridge.
  • the circuit 20 hence generates a continuous signal as heretofore described,, and this is fed to the unit 28.
  • This latter is for example a microprocessor circuit or a logic gate comparison circuit. It compares the signal received from the circuit 20 with predetermined values present in the memory 4 corresponding to particular quantities of detergent to be fed to the tub.
  • the unit 28 activates the actuator (or stepping motor) 29 which moves the flap 33 so that it uncovers the aperture 34 to cause a predetermined quantity of detergent to be delivered.
  • Sensor means (such as an encoder on the usual output shaft of the motor 29) are provided to determine the movement of the arm 32 and of the flap 33. These sensors are shown generically and are indicated by 50, they being connected to the unit 3. On the basis of the signals originating from the sensors 50, the evaluation unit 3 is able to indirectly know the quantity of detergent which has passed from the vessel 35 to the vessel 36.
  • the actuator 29 can be a positive displacement pump which acts directly on the detergent contained in the vessel 35.
  • control and operating unit 28 therefore enables detergent to be fed from the container 35 to the vessel 36 in a quantity proportional to the measured water conductivity (or hardness). The harder the water the greater the detergent quantity fed to the vessel 36, from which it is fed to the washing machine tub in known manner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Washing Machine And Dryer (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Description

This invention relates to a washing domestic appliance, i.e. washing machine, washing-drying machine, dishwasher or the like, which automatically optimizes the use of detergent by measuring the hardness of the wash water. Hardness is known to be an intrinsic characteristic of water and is due mainly to the presence of magnesium and calcium salts. In general, using a given detergent in said machine, the harder the water (i.e. its richness in said salts) the lesser the washing efficiency of the detergent.
US-A-3 223 108 discloses a washing machine with three sensing cells. The detergent quantity can be automatically adjusted according to water hardness. The control system used in such machine is a feedback system in which one of the three cells senses the conductivity of the washing solution with consequent problems in term of contamination of the cell.
An object of the invention is to provide a washing domestic appliance in which the automatic optimization of detergent on the basis of the particular hardness of the wash water is highly reliable with time.
A further object is to provide a washing domestic appliance which is of simple construction and low cost. These and further objects which will be apparent to the expert of the art are attained by a washing domestic appliance in accordance with the appended claims.
The present invention will be apparent from the accompanying drawing, which is provided by way of non-limiting example and in which:
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of the device of the present invention;
  • Figure 2 is a circuit scheme of part of the device of the invention, this scheme comprising usual electrical and/or electronic components which are of clear understanding to the expert of the art and are hence not described in detail; and
  • Figure 3 is a front view of part of the scheme of Figure 2 when implemented.
    • With reference to said figures, the device of the invention comprises a conductivity sensor 1 positioned in a pipe 2 through which water enters the tub for example of a washing machine (not shown). The sensor is associated with a unit 3 for evaluating the conductivity measured by the sensor 1. For this purpose, the evaluation unit 3 cooperates with a memory 4 containing conductivity reference values. The unit 3, which is connected to the usual washing machine timer 5, controls the feed of detergent into the said tub in a quantity proportional to the measured conductivity value.
    More specifically, the sensor 1 is a conductivity cell and measures the conductivity or impedance between two flat plates 10, 11 arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart within a support 12 positioned along the water path to the washing machine tub (represented by the arrow F in Figure 1). This support comprises for example an annular body 13 provided with lateral lugs 14 for its fixing to any known fixed part of the washing machine. Internally, the body 13 comprises an annular seal 15 and by means of arms 16 supports said plates 10, 11. The body 13 is positioned between two portions 2A and 2B of the pipe 2 and is traversed by the water entering the machine.
    The plates 10, 11 are connected to an electrical discriminator circuit 20 for the conductivity data obtained by the sensor 1.
    This discriminator circuit (shown in Figure 2) comprises a circuit block 21 operating as an alternating oscillator and hence generating a sinusoidal signal preferably of frequency between 900 Hz and 1200 Hz to prevent the water undergoing electrolysis on passing between the plates 10 and 11. The block 21 is connected to a circuit block 23 acting as a high impedance differential amplifier. Before reaching the block 23, the output signal from the block 21 is fed to the plates 10 and 11 arranged in "bridge" configuration together with two resistors 24 and 25. The output from the amplifier 23 is fed to a rectifier 26 and then to an integrator 27 so that at the output of the circuit 20 there is a direct current signal which is fed to a control and operating unit 28 which acts on an actuator 29 for moving a metering member 30 for the detergent to be fed to the washing machine tub. The circuit 20 and the unit 28 form the said evaluation unit 3.
    The actuator 29 is for example an electric stepping motor acting on an arm 32 connected to a movable flap 33 (hinged at 33A to a fixed part of the machine) which closes an aperture 34 in a detergent container 35 connected to a vessel 36 to which water flows from a pipe 37 and from which the detergent can pass into the washing machine tub via a pipe 38. The arm 32 and flap 33 define said metering member 30.
    The method of the invention will now be described in relation to the use of the device shown in the aforesaid figures.
    It will be assumed that a wash cycle is commenced in the washing machine. On initial entry of water into the tub, the sensor 1 positioned in the feed pipe 2 measures the conductivity of the water by means of a signal generated within the circuit 20 by the "bridge" defined by the plates 10 and 11 and the resistors 24 and 25. In this respect, when the hardness of the water varies, the signal emitted by the plates 10 and 11 varies, as consequently does that emitted by said bridge.
    The circuit 20 hence generates a continuous signal as heretofore described,, and this is fed to the unit 28. This latter is for example a microprocessor circuit or a logic gate comparison circuit. It compares the signal received from the circuit 20 with predetermined values present in the memory 4 corresponding to particular quantities of detergent to be fed to the tub.
    Following this comparison and on the basis of it, and following an enabling signal from the timer 5 (fed when the wash program requires detergent to be fed into the tub), the unit 28 activates the actuator (or stepping motor) 29 which moves the flap 33 so that it uncovers the aperture 34 to cause a predetermined quantity of detergent to be delivered. Sensor means (such as an encoder on the usual output shaft of the motor 29) are provided to determine the movement of the arm 32 and of the flap 33. These sensors are shown generically and are indicated by 50, they being connected to the unit 3. On the basis of the signals originating from the sensors 50, the evaluation unit 3 is able to indirectly know the quantity of detergent which has passed from the vessel 35 to the vessel 36.
    Alternatively the actuator 29 can be a positive displacement pump which acts directly on the detergent contained in the vessel 35.
    Other actuators are possible within the scope of the present document.
    Returning to the method of the invention, the control and operating unit 28 therefore enables detergent to be fed from the container 35 to the vessel 36 in a quantity proportional to the measured water conductivity (or hardness). The harder the water the greater the detergent quantity fed to the vessel 36, from which it is fed to the washing machine tub in known manner.
    A particular embodiment of the invention has been described. Other embodiments falling within the scope of the present invention are however possible.

    Claims (10)

    1. Washing domestic appliance, i.e. washing machine, washing-drying machine, dishwasher or the like, comprising a pipe (2) for feeding water into the wash tub or environment, a detergent container or drawer (35), a member (36) for dispensing this latter into said tub, a programmer or timer (5) controlling the various operational stages of the machine, means (1) for measuring the conductivity of the water entering the wash tub or environment, said means being connected to means (3) for evaluating the measured conductivity value which, on the basis of this latter value, controlsselector means (30) for feeding a suitable quantity of detergent into the wash tub or environment, characterized in that such measuring means (1) comprise one conductivity sensor (1) placed in said pipe (2) for feeding water into the wash tub or environment, the evaluation means (3) comprising a control unit (28) connected to the conductivity sensor (1) via an electrical circuit (20) and cooperating with a memory unit (4) containing predefined conductivity values and corresponding quantities of detergent to be fed to the wash tub or environment.
    2. Washing domestic appliance according to claim 1, characterized in that said conductivity sensor (1) is of resistive type.
    3. Washing machine appliance according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductivity sensor (1) is supported by a member (12) associated with the pipe (2) by which the water is fed into the tub, said member comprising an annular body (13) in which supports (16) for the conductivity sensor are provided, said body (13) being traversed by the water entering the wash tub or environment.
    4. Washing machine appliance according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit (28) is a microprocessor unit.
    5. Washing machine appliance according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical circuit (20) comprises a circuit block (21) generating an alternating oscillating signal and connected to a circuit block (23) acting as a differential amplifier with a high input impedance, the signal emitted by this latter being handled by a circuit block (26) acting as a rectifier to which there is connected a circuit block (27) acting as an integrator, this latter being connected to the control unit (28).
    6. Washing machine appliance according to claim 5, characterized in that the conductivity sensor (1) comprises flat elements (10, 11) arranged as a "bridge" with resistive elements (24, 25) in the electrical circuit (20) downstream of the circuit block (21) generating the oscillating signal and before the block (23) acting as the amplifier.
    7. Washing machine appliance according to claim 5, characterized in that the oscillating signal generation block (23) generates this signal at a frequency between 900 and 1200 Hz.
    8. Washing machine appliance according to claim 1, characterized in that the evaluation means (3) are connected to the machine programmer or timer (15).
    9. Washing machine appliance according to claim 1, characterized in that the selector means are at least one member (30) acting on the detergent container or drawer such as to cause the detergent to leave said drawer in a metered quantity, said member being controlled by actuator means (29) the operation of which is controlled by the evaluation means (3).
    10. Washing machine appliance according to claim 1, characterized by comprising enabling means (50) operationally connected to the selector means (30) and connected to the evaluation means (3), to enable these latter to ascertain when the metering of the detergent has been effected following operation of the selector means (30).
    EP93110763A 1993-07-06 1993-07-06 Method and device for automatically optimising the use of detergent in a washing machine, washing-drying machine, dishwasher or the like, by measuring the water hardness Expired - Lifetime EP0633342B1 (en)

    Priority Applications (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    EP93110763A EP0633342B1 (en) 1993-07-06 1993-07-06 Method and device for automatically optimising the use of detergent in a washing machine, washing-drying machine, dishwasher or the like, by measuring the water hardness
    DE69323073T DE69323073T2 (en) 1993-07-06 1993-07-06 Method and device for automatically optimizing the amount of detergent in a washing machine, washer dryer, dishwasher or the like by measuring the water hardness

    Applications Claiming Priority (1)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    EP93110763A EP0633342B1 (en) 1993-07-06 1993-07-06 Method and device for automatically optimising the use of detergent in a washing machine, washing-drying machine, dishwasher or the like, by measuring the water hardness

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0633342A1 EP0633342A1 (en) 1995-01-11
    EP0633342B1 true EP0633342B1 (en) 1999-01-13

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    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP93110763A Expired - Lifetime EP0633342B1 (en) 1993-07-06 1993-07-06 Method and device for automatically optimising the use of detergent in a washing machine, washing-drying machine, dishwasher or the like, by measuring the water hardness

    Country Status (2)

    Country Link
    EP (1) EP0633342B1 (en)
    DE (1) DE69323073T2 (en)

    Cited By (4)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US6958693B2 (en) 2002-05-24 2005-10-25 Procter & Gamble Company Sensor device and methods for using same
    US7114209B2 (en) 2001-12-12 2006-10-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Method for cleaning a soiled article
    US7709265B2 (en) 2005-03-24 2010-05-04 Johnsondiversey, Inc. Method and system for measuring water hardness
    KR101538816B1 (en) * 2007-11-07 2015-07-22 일렉트로룩스 홈 프로덕츠 코오포레이션 엔.브이. Dishwasher with conductivity measurement

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    US8424345B2 (en) 2002-11-28 2013-04-23 Lg Electronics Inc. Washing machine, conductivity sensor in washing machine, and controlling method of the same
    WO2004048676A1 (en) * 2002-11-28 2004-06-10 Lg Electronics, Inc. Washing machine, conductivity sensor in washing machine, and controlling method of the same
    BRPI0410718B1 (en) 2003-05-28 2012-04-17 washing machine and its control method.
    BRPI0410728A (en) * 2003-05-28 2006-06-20 Lg Electronics Inc washing machine control method
    US7651663B2 (en) * 2006-06-23 2010-01-26 General Electric Company Appliance using a water hardness sensor system and method of operating the same
    DE102006060256A1 (en) 2006-12-14 2008-06-26 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH Method for controlling a washing machine
    US8056374B2 (en) 2007-10-12 2011-11-15 General Electric Company Multiple compartments wash additives auto-dispenser in washer or dryer pedestal
    US8056747B2 (en) 2007-10-12 2011-11-15 General Electric Company Removable tank for laundry bulk dispenser system
    GB2567693A (en) * 2017-10-23 2019-04-24 Selden Res Ltd A chemical dosing system
    CN113349696B (en) * 2021-06-02 2024-07-30 华帝股份有限公司 Method and device for descaling, computer equipment and readable storage medium

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    Cited By (6)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US7114209B2 (en) 2001-12-12 2006-10-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Method for cleaning a soiled article
    US6958693B2 (en) 2002-05-24 2005-10-25 Procter & Gamble Company Sensor device and methods for using same
    US7709265B2 (en) 2005-03-24 2010-05-04 Johnsondiversey, Inc. Method and system for measuring water hardness
    US7977101B2 (en) 2005-03-24 2011-07-12 Diversey, Inc. Method and system for measuring water hardness
    US8192687B2 (en) 2005-03-24 2012-06-05 Diversey, Inc. Method and system for measuring water hardness
    KR101538816B1 (en) * 2007-11-07 2015-07-22 일렉트로룩스 홈 프로덕츠 코오포레이션 엔.브이. Dishwasher with conductivity measurement

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    EP0633342A1 (en) 1995-01-11
    DE69323073D1 (en) 1999-02-25
    DE69323073T2 (en) 1999-08-05

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