EP0625673B1 - Vormischbrenner zum Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine, einer Brennkammer einer Gasturbogruppe oder Feuerungsanlage - Google Patents
Vormischbrenner zum Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine, einer Brennkammer einer Gasturbogruppe oder Feuerungsanlage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0625673B1 EP0625673B1 EP94105929A EP94105929A EP0625673B1 EP 0625673 B1 EP0625673 B1 EP 0625673B1 EP 94105929 A EP94105929 A EP 94105929A EP 94105929 A EP94105929 A EP 94105929A EP 0625673 B1 EP0625673 B1 EP 0625673B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- throat
- premixing burner
- operating
- fuels
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
- F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
- F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
- F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
- F23R3/12—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/36—Supply of different fuels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
- F23R2900/00002—Gas turbine combustors adapted for fuels having low heating value [LHV]
Definitions
- the invention relates to a premix burner for operation an internal combustion engine, a combustion chamber of a gas turbine group or furnace and an associated process, which are used to burn fuels with very different Properties are suitable.
- Premix burners ie burners in which the premix zone is an integrated component of the burner itself and which are characterized by low NO x emissions, are known (EP-A1 0 321 809, 0 521 325 and US-A-3 982 392).
- the invention tries to avoid all these disadvantages. It is based on the task of creating a premix burner for the operation of an internal combustion engine, a combustion chamber of a gas turbine group or a combustion system and an associated method which have low NO x emissions, in which fuels with very different properties can be burned without problems and the function the burner is also ensured outside the design point or in the event of partial failure.
- this is the case with a premix burner from a swirl generator for the combustion air, a subsequent convergent part, one Narrowing point for the addition of liquid fuel a central lance and a downstream one Diffuser achieved in that the swirl generator is a double-cone burner with adjusted slot width and missing Fuel injection is, and that in the throat supply openings are arranged for further fuels, one Part of these feed openings are aligned radially and for the Supply of gaseous, dusty or liquid fuel is provided and at least a further part of the Feed openings aligned tangentially and for feeding provided by at least one other gaseous fuel is.
- this is the case with the method for operating the Premix burner achieved in that when operating with gaseous Fuels that have a high flame speed have the fuel through the openings in the constriction opposite to the direction of swirl of the combustion air be injected that when operating with gaseous fuels, which has a low flame speed and a have low calorific value, the fuel through the openings in the constriction in the same direction as the swirl direction of the combustion air be injected, and that when operating with liquid or dusty fuel the fuel in the constriction perpendicular to the direction of flow or just before Constriction with a central lance in the swirled combustion air is injected.
- the advantages of the invention include that when burning fuels with very different Properties the mixture before reaching the Flame front is complete and the flame does not reach the May interfere with the place of interference.
- the main reaction zone becomes purely aerodynamic without touching the burner wall, stabilized. There are also no backflow zones, Steps or sudden expansion in the flame zone.
- the burner also functions outside the design point and secured in the event of partial failure. Furthermore, the burner in an air or fuel graded combustion process applicable.
- cross-sectional profile is like this is adapted that no flow separation on the wall is possible is.
- the premix burner, in particular the diffuser is convectively coolable. This is even if the flame is applied to the end area of the diffuser safe burner operation guaranteed.
- the premix burner shown in Fig. 1 which for combustion of fuels with very different properties is used, consists of a swirl generator 1 for the combustion air 10, a subsequent one convergent part 2, a constriction 3 and a diffuser 4.
- a flow field with a possible constant total pressure generated Because of the vortex generated you can also the premix burner according to the invention as Designate vortex diffuser burner.
- the convergent part 2, the constriction 3 and the diffuser 4 are to avoid Secondary flows are rotationally symmetrical and in adapted to their cross-sectional course so that the extension is just so strong that there is no flow separation from the Wall.
- To the friction losses and, if necessary Keeping the surface to be cooled small is the length of the rotationally symmetrical parts as short as possible. With it result small mixed lengths.
- the size of the burner can be sufficient under the condition of one high Reynolds number in the burner and under the boundary conditions the desired thermal output and the desired Total length can be chosen arbitrarily.
- the swirl generator 1 is a double-cone burner with adjusted slot width of the air inlet slots 12 provided without the usual fuel injection.
- mixing zone i.e. where the fuel-air mixture is present (premix section 6, main reaction zone 7) no internals, e.g. Swirl generator or flame holder, available. Changes in swirl number are dependent on Fuel 9 possible without moving parts in the burner. It are also no backflow zones, steps or sudden extensions the flame zone in place, so that good flame stability (low pulsations) is reached.
- the main reaction zone 7 is due to the bursting swirl flow (Vortex Breakdown 5) purely aerodynamic, without the Touching the burner wall stabilized.
- the premix burner is operated with gaseous fuels, which has a high flame speed (short ignition delay times) the fuels must be in opposite directions to the swirl direction of the combustion air 10 in the narrow point 3 be injected (Fig. 2). This will cause the vortex breakdown 5 greatly weakened.
- gaseous fuels with low flame speed and low calorific value flame stabilization is used by the same direction Injection in relation to the swirl direction of the combustion air and thus by reinforcing the vortex breakdown 5 improved.
- the burner is a multifunctional system, because of how Fig. 2 shows, for example, low calorie Fuels 9a, natural gas 9b and hydrogen-containing gases 9c be used.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- einen Längsschnitt des Vormischbrenners;
- Fig. 2
- einen Schnitt durch den engsten Querschnitt (Eindüsungsstelle) des Vormischbrenners.
- 1
- Drallerzeuger
- 2
- konvergenter Teil
- 3
- Engstelle
- 4
- Diffusor
- 5
- Vortex Breakdown
- 6
- Vormischstrecke
- 7
- Hauptreaktionszone
- 8
- kombinierte Brenner- und Brennkammerkühlung
- 9
- Brennstoff
- 9a
- niederkaloriger Brennstoff
- 9b
- Erdgas
- 9c
- wasserstoffhaltige Gase
- 10
- Verbrennungsluft
- 11
- zentrale Brennstofflanze
- 12
- Lufteintrittsschlitze
- 13
- Zufuhröffnungen für Brennstoff
Claims (6)
- Vormischbrenner für den Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine, einer Brennkammer einer Gasturbogruppe oder Feuerungsanlage, bestehend aus einem Drallerzeuger (1) für Verbrennungsluft (10), einem sich daran anschliessenden konvergenten Teil (2), einer Engstelle (3) für die Zugabe von flüssigem Brennstoff (9) mittels einer zentralen Lanze (11) und einem stromabwärts angeordneten Diffusor (4), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Drallerzeuger (1) ein Doppelkegelbrenner mit angepasster Schlitzweite und fehlender Brennstoffeindüsung ist, und dass in der Engstelle (3) Zufuhröffnungen (13) für weitere Brennstoffe (9) angeordnet sind, wobei ein Teil dieser Zufuhröffnungen (13) radial ausgerichtet und für die Zufuhr von gasförmigem, staubförmigem oder flüssigem Brennstoff (9) vorgesehen ist und mindestens ein weiterer Teil der Zufuhröffnungen (13) tangential ausgerichtet und für die Zufuhr von mindestens einem weiteren gasförmigen Brennstoff (9) vorgesehen ist.
- Vormischbrenner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der konvergente Teil (2), die Engstelle (3) und der Diffusor (4) rotationssymmetrisch ausgebildet sind.
- Vormischbrenner nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Querschnittsverlauf so angepasst ist, dass keine Strömungsablösung an der Wand möglich ist.
- Vormischbrenner nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Vormischbrenner vollständig konvektiv kühlbar ist.
- Vormischbrenner nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vorrangig der Diffusor (4) konvektiv kühlbar ist.
- Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Vormischbrenners nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass beim Betrieb mit gasförmigen Brennstoffen, welche eine hohe Flammengeschwindigkeit haben, die Brennstoffe über die Öffnungen (13) in der Engstelle (3) gegensinnig zur Drallrichtung der Verbrennungsluft (10) eingedüst werden, dass beim Betrieb mit gasförmigen Brennstoffen, welche eine geringe Flammengeschwindigkeit und einen geringen Heizwert haben, die Brennstoffe über die Öffnungen (13) in der Engstelle (3) gleichsinnig zur Drallrichtung der Verbrennungsluft (10) eingedüst werden, und dass beim Betrieb mit flüssigem oder staubförmigem Brennstoff der Brennstoff in der Engstelle (3) senkrecht zur Strömungsrichtung oder kurz vor der Engstelle (3) mit der zentralen Lanze (11) in die verdrallte Verbrennungsluft (10) eingedüst wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4316474 | 1993-05-17 | ||
DE4316474A DE4316474A1 (de) | 1993-05-17 | 1993-05-17 | Vormischbrenner zum Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine, einer Brennkammer einer Gasturbogruppe oder Feuerungsanlage |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0625673A2 EP0625673A2 (de) | 1994-11-23 |
EP0625673A3 EP0625673A3 (de) | 1995-05-17 |
EP0625673B1 true EP0625673B1 (de) | 1999-03-24 |
Family
ID=6488294
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94105929A Expired - Lifetime EP0625673B1 (de) | 1993-05-17 | 1994-04-16 | Vormischbrenner zum Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine, einer Brennkammer einer Gasturbogruppe oder Feuerungsanlage |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5673551A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0625673B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH06341617A (de) |
DE (2) | DE4316474A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4435266A1 (de) * | 1994-10-01 | 1996-04-04 | Abb Management Ag | Brenner |
DE19527453B4 (de) * | 1995-07-27 | 2009-05-07 | Alstom | Vormischbrenner |
DE19545309A1 (de) * | 1995-12-05 | 1997-06-12 | Asea Brown Boveri | Vormischbrenner |
DE19548853A1 (de) * | 1995-12-27 | 1997-07-03 | Abb Research Ltd | Kegelbrenner |
DE19610930A1 (de) * | 1996-03-20 | 1997-09-25 | Abb Research Ltd | Brenner für einen Wärmeerzeuger |
DE19757189B4 (de) * | 1997-12-22 | 2008-05-08 | Alstom | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brenners eines Wärmeerzeugers |
US6585784B1 (en) * | 1999-12-13 | 2003-07-01 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Method for utilizing gas reserves with low methane concentrations for fueling gas turbines |
DE10029607A1 (de) * | 2000-06-15 | 2001-12-20 | Alstom Power Nv | Brenner mit gestufter Vormischgas-Eindüsung |
US6769903B2 (en) | 2000-06-15 | 2004-08-03 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Method for operating a burner and burner with stepped premix gas injection |
DE10056243A1 (de) | 2000-11-14 | 2002-05-23 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Brennkammer und Verfahren zum Betrieb dieser Brennkammer |
DE10340826A1 (de) | 2003-09-04 | 2005-03-31 | Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg | Homogene Gemischbildung durch verdrallte Einspritzung des Kraftstoffs |
DE10348604A1 (de) | 2003-10-20 | 2005-07-28 | Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg | Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse mit filmartiger Kraftstoffplatzierung |
EP1568942A1 (de) | 2004-02-24 | 2005-08-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Vormischbrenner sowie Verfahren zur Verbrennung eines niederkalorischen Brenngases |
EP1828684A1 (de) * | 2004-12-23 | 2007-09-05 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Vormischbrenner mit mischstrecke |
DE102007043626A1 (de) | 2007-09-13 | 2009-03-19 | Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg | Gasturbinenmagerbrenner mit Kraftstoffdüse mit kontrollierter Kraftstoffinhomogenität |
EP2058590B1 (de) * | 2007-11-09 | 2016-03-23 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brenners |
CN101910723B (zh) * | 2007-11-27 | 2013-07-24 | 阿尔斯通技术有限公司 | 用于在预混燃烧器中燃烧氢气的设备 |
WO2009109454A1 (de) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-09-11 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Verfahren und brenneranordnung zum erzeugen von heissgas sowie anwendung des verfahrens |
WO2009109448A1 (de) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-09-11 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Brenneranordnung sowie anwendung einer solchen brenner-anordnung |
WO2009109452A1 (de) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-09-11 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Brenneranordnung sowie anwendung einer solchen brenner-anordnung |
EP2107313A1 (de) * | 2008-04-01 | 2009-10-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gestufte Brennstoffversorgung in einem Brenner |
EP2299178B1 (de) | 2009-09-17 | 2015-11-04 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Verfahren und Gasturbinenverbrennungssystem zum sicheren Mischen von H2-reichen Brennstoffen mit Luft |
ES2462974T3 (es) * | 2010-08-16 | 2014-05-27 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Quemador de recalentamiento |
EP2420730B1 (de) * | 2010-08-16 | 2018-03-07 | Ansaldo Energia IP UK Limited | Nachbrenner |
TWI435978B (zh) * | 2011-10-31 | 2014-05-01 | Atomic Energy Council | 富氫氣體燃燒器 |
EP2703721B1 (de) | 2012-08-31 | 2019-05-22 | Ansaldo Energia IP UK Limited | Vormischbrenner |
US9194583B2 (en) * | 2013-02-20 | 2015-11-24 | Jorge DE LA SOVERA | Mixed fuel vacuum burner-reactor |
WO2014181951A1 (ko) * | 2013-05-07 | 2014-11-13 | 한국기계연구원 | 배출물 저감을 위한 벤튜리관 구조의 예혼합형 연소기 |
CN111520764A (zh) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-08-11 | 西北工业大学 | 一种带有尾部冷却结构的燃烧室 |
US20220333783A1 (en) * | 2021-03-07 | 2022-10-20 | CPS-Holding Limited | Hydrogen-Fueled Combustor for Gas Turbines |
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US4425755A (en) * | 1980-09-16 | 1984-01-17 | Rolls-Royce Limited | Gas turbine dual fuel burners |
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GB2175684B (en) * | 1985-04-26 | 1989-12-28 | Nippon Kokan Kk | Burner |
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CH674561A5 (de) * | 1987-12-21 | 1990-06-15 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | |
JPH0792213B2 (ja) * | 1988-03-16 | 1995-10-09 | 高茂産業株式会社 | エゼクタ形バーナ装置 |
JPH02118890U (de) * | 1989-03-10 | 1990-09-25 | ||
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US5156002A (en) * | 1990-03-05 | 1992-10-20 | Rolf J. Mowill | Low emissions gas turbine combustor |
US5228283A (en) * | 1990-05-01 | 1993-07-20 | General Electric Company | Method of reducing nox emissions in a gas turbine engine |
CH682952A5 (de) * | 1991-03-12 | 1993-12-15 | Asea Brown Boveri | Brenner für eine Vormischverbrennung eines flüssigen und/oder gasförmigen Brennstoffes. |
CH684962A5 (de) * | 1991-07-03 | 1995-02-15 | Asea Brown Boveri | Brenner zum Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine, einer Brennkammer einer Gasturbogruppe oder einer Feuerungsanlage. |
US5295352A (en) * | 1992-08-04 | 1994-03-22 | General Electric Company | Dual fuel injector with premixing capability for low emissions combustion |
US5303554A (en) * | 1992-11-27 | 1994-04-19 | Solar Turbines Incorporated | Low NOx injector with central air swirling and angled fuel inlets |
DE4304213A1 (de) * | 1993-02-12 | 1994-08-18 | Abb Research Ltd | Brenner zum Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine, einer Brennkammer einer Gasturbogruppe oder Feuerungsanlage |
US5345768A (en) * | 1993-04-07 | 1994-09-13 | General Electric Company | Dual-fuel pre-mixing burner assembly |
US5477685A (en) * | 1993-11-12 | 1995-12-26 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Lean burn injector for gas turbine combustor |
-
1993
- 1993-05-17 DE DE4316474A patent/DE4316474A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1994
- 1994-04-16 DE DE59407984T patent/DE59407984D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-04-16 EP EP94105929A patent/EP0625673B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-16 JP JP6101148A patent/JPH06341617A/ja not_active Ceased
-
1996
- 1996-09-17 US US08/714,890 patent/US5673551A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5673551A (en) | 1997-10-07 |
EP0625673A3 (de) | 1995-05-17 |
EP0625673A2 (de) | 1994-11-23 |
DE4316474A1 (de) | 1994-11-24 |
DE59407984D1 (de) | 1999-04-29 |
JPH06341617A (ja) | 1994-12-13 |
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