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EP0610720A2 - Festonneuse - Google Patents

Festonneuse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0610720A2
EP0610720A2 EP94101131A EP94101131A EP0610720A2 EP 0610720 A2 EP0610720 A2 EP 0610720A2 EP 94101131 A EP94101131 A EP 94101131A EP 94101131 A EP94101131 A EP 94101131A EP 0610720 A2 EP0610720 A2 EP 0610720A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
festoniermaschine
needle
drive
motor
drive unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94101131A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0610720B1 (fr
EP0610720A3 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Teetz
Dietmar Lippert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Maier Unitas GmbH
Original Assignee
Maier Unitas GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Maier Unitas GmbH filed Critical Maier Unitas GmbH
Publication of EP0610720A2 publication Critical patent/EP0610720A2/fr
Publication of EP0610720A3 publication Critical patent/EP0610720A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0610720B1 publication Critical patent/EP0610720B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D05—SEWING; EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
    • D05C—EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
    • D05C7/00—Special-purpose or automatic embroidering machines
    • D05C7/06—Special-purpose or automatic embroidering machines for embroidering festoons

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a festooning machine with the features in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the transport of the sewing material in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction and also the control of the needle spacing for producing the seams take place from a drive arranged centrally in the machine, from which the drive movement via complicated mechanical transmission elements to the transport element, in particular the transport roller, or to which at least one adjustable needle is guided. It is also known to drive the transport element for the forward transport of the sewing material from a central drive in the machine via a freewheel gear and to drive the transport element in the transverse direction by means of a cam mechanism with a freewheel gear. In the same way in known festooning machines, the at least one needle is also adjusted via a cam mechanism with a freewheel mechanism.
  • the invention has for its object to design a Festoniermaschine of the type mentioned so that it is designed with respect to the drive of the transport element in the longitudinal and transverse directions simpler, cheaper, more compact and lighter.
  • the object is achieved in a festooning machine of the type mentioned according to the invention by the features in the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • the independent drive unit which carries the transport element, in particular the transport roller, and effects the drive in the longitudinal and transverse directions, the festoning machine is considerably simplified.
  • the number of mechanical components for driving the transport element is considerably reduced. This enables an increase in speed and working speed. Reducing the game leads to an increase in the accuracy of the festons performed in each case.
  • the independent drive unit can be made relatively light, compact and space-saving with the resulting advantages for the festooning machine. It is also advantageous that this means that there are no other design constraints with regard to other components of the festooning machine, so that they can otherwise be freely designed without taking into account the drive devices for the transport roller would have to and would be hindered by it.
  • a further advantageous measure results from claim 2. This also makes it possible to adjust the needle spacing by means of the independent drive unit, so that there are additional advantages in this regard. This further increases the accuracy of the festons performed. It is also advantageous that it is now possible to generate sheets without repetitions or extremely flat, long or steep sheets, which has so far failed. Any combination of bows and other bow shapes, e.g. Sheets with a large number of single sheets and the production of special end sheets for corners are now possible by means of the festooning machine according to the invention.
  • the individual motors which are provided for the longitudinal and transverse actuation of the transport element and for the needle adjustment, are each computer-controlled.
  • all sewing parameters can be freely entered and modified, eg seam density, arc height, floor length, seam width, etc.
  • the individual feed movements can be generated in a precise manner.
  • the electronic control increases the range of possible bow combinations and bow shapes, whereby all bows can be modified directly on the machine.
  • the patterns or arches can be broken off or started at any desired pattern point.
  • the start and end points are freely programmable.
  • All sewing parameters are freely programmable and can be entered directly on the festoning machine.
  • the invention also creates expansion options for the full automation of the festooning machine.
  • Servomotors or stepper motors can advantageously be considered as motors. These can be small, light and space-saving. They can be controlled with high accuracy and enable fast drive or adjustment movements, since the drive devices of the respective motors contain only a few mechanical components and thus have small masses to be accelerated or decelerated and are almost free of play, which likewise increases the accuracy and the working speed becomes.
  • Claims 13 to 27 contain further advantageous inventive measures and refinements.
  • the drive devices of the individual motors are particularly simple, space-saving, light and inexpensive with high precision and working speed.
  • the invention further relates to a festooning machine with the features in the preamble of claim 28.
  • the drive device of the thread layer is extremely complicated, space-consuming and costly.
  • the object of the invention is to simplify the drive device. This is achieved by the features in the characterizing part of claim 28. Further advantageous features and refinements to this result from claims 29 to 33.
  • a festooning machine 10 according to a first embodiment is explained with reference to FIGS. 1-4 and FIG. 10.
  • Festoning machines of this type are mostly used in the production of home textiles, e.g. Tablecloths, pillows, clothing textiles or the like, used to produce cover seams 11 in a corresponding sewing material 12, these cover seams 11 often having arcuate end seams, decorative seams or the like.
  • An arch can consist of a base arch 13 and a zigzag pattern 14, whereby there are various possible variations.
  • the festooning machine 10 has a transport element, preferably in the form of a transport roller 15, which is oriented approximately horizontally and is transverse to the direction of travel according to arrow 16 of the sewing material.
  • the transport roller 15 can be driven in rotation for this forward transport of the sewing material 12 in the direction of arrow 16, which is illustrated by an arrow 17. Furthermore, the transport roller 15 is also drivable for a transverse movement according to arrow 18, which is directed transversely to the direction of passage according to arrow 16 and extends in the axial direction of the transport roller 15, so that the transport roller 15 carry out the stroke necessary for the generation of the festoon and onto the sewing material 12 can be transferred to its lifting movement.
  • the festooning machine 10 also has two needles 19 and 20, which can preferably be moved and driven together vertically by means of a needle drive 21, which is only indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 1.
  • the needle drive 21 works via a drive member 22, for example a rod, on a needle holder 23 to which the one needle 19 is attached.
  • the second needle 20 is held with its associated needle receptacle 24 on the needle receptacle 23 in a translationally displaceable manner in the arrow direction 25. Both needle receptacles 23, 24 with needles 19 and 20 are driven together by the needle drive 21 in the vertical direction.
  • the two needles 19, 20 are located laterally next to the transport roller 15 and are approximately mutually spaced approximately parallel to the transverse movement direction according to arrow 18 arranged from each other.
  • the distance between the needles 19, 20 is adjustable, preferably in that the rear needle 20 is adjustable in the direction of arrow 25 relative to the front needle 19.
  • the festooning machine 10 has an independent drive unit 30 with a housing 31.
  • This independent drive unit 30 carries the transport roller 15 and serves to drive the transport roller 15 for both movements, that is to say the rotary drive in the direction of arrow 17 and the transverse movement (stroke) in the direction of arrow 18.
  • this independent drive unit 30 is also for adjusting the relative needle distance between the Needles 19 and 20 are formed, in particular for translational displacement of one needle 20 in the direction of arrow 25.
  • An adjustment member 32 is used for this purpose, which engages needle 20, in particular the associated needle receptacle 24 thereof.
  • the adjusting member 32 is e.g. formed as a non-rotatable slide 33 which is held in the drive unit 30 translationally.
  • the drive movement generated by the drive unit 30 for the transport roller 15 is transmitted to the latter by means of a shaft 26 which is mounted in the drive unit 30.
  • the drive unit 30 For each movement of the transport roller 15, the drive unit 30 has its own motor 34, which serves the rotary drive in the direction of the arrow 17, and 35, which serves for the drive in the transverse direction of the movement according to the arrow 18. Furthermore, the drive unit has its own motor 36 for adjusting the needle spacing in the direction of arrow 25, in particular for adjusting the needle 20.
  • the respective motor 34, 35 or 36 is designed, for example, as an AC or DC motor or as a pressure medium-operated motor, in particular a pneumatic or hydraulic motor.
  • Each motor 34, 35 or 36 consists, for example, of a servo motor or, instead, advantageously of a stepper motor.
  • the entire drive unit 30 can be raised and lowered in the vertical direction according to arrow 37 (FIG. 1).
  • the drive unit 30 is preferably electronically controllable for each movement of the transport element, in particular the transport roller 15, in the direction of the arrow 17 or 18 and / or for the adjustment of the needle distance between the needles 19 and 20 in the direction of the arrow 25.
  • the festooning machine 10 has at least one electronic control device 38 for the drive unit 30, which is only indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 1, to which a keyboard 39 with or without a display can be assigned, which is also only indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 1 and via a control line indicated by dashed lines 40 is connected to the control unit 38.
  • the control device 38 is connected via schematically indicated control lines 41, 42 and 43 to the respective motor 34, 35 and 36 to be controlled.
  • the drive unit 30 can be controlled by means of the electronic control unit 38 as a function of stored or storable data.
  • the user can freely enter and modify all sewing parameters, for example the seam density, arch height, arch length, seam width, curve design with adjustment or positioning of the curves, end arches for corners or the like.
  • one or more memories of the control device 38 can be freely programmed or stored data or programs can be called up therefrom using the keyboard 39.
  • the control unit 38 can hold a diskette or the like. Have data storage.
  • the control device 38 can have one or more data processing devices.
  • the motors 34, 35 and 36 are thus controlled by means of one or more data processing devices.
  • the machine software to be used to operate the festooning machine 10 consists, on the one hand, of control software for controlling the festooning machine 10 and, on the other hand, of input software, as a result of which sheets and contours or the like on the festoning machine 10. can be entered using the data pairs on the keyboard 39.
  • the possibility can be opened by means of special software to also create data for the operation of the festooning machine 10 on a personal computer.
  • the festooning machine described makes it possible to freely program all the sewing parameters mentioned on the machine.
  • the drive unit 30 contains a carriage 44 which is held and guided in the drive unit 30 for the transverse movement of the transport roller 15 in the arrow direction 18 so as to be translationally movable.
  • the carriage 44 is slidably held and guided within receptacles 45, which are an integral part of the drive unit 30.
  • the shaft 26 is rotatably, but axially immovably, supported in the carriage 44 as a holder for the transport roller 15, the shaft 26 continuing with the right end in FIG. 3 up to the transport roller 15.
  • the first motor 34 serving to drive the transport roller 15 is e.g. attached to the outside of the drive unit 30.
  • the motor 34 is seated on a housing part 46, which is part of the carriage 44 and is displaced with it, so that the housing part 46, the first motor 34 and the shaft 26 with the transport roller 15 are moved as a unit in the direction of arrow 18 with the carriage 44 .
  • the first motor 34 works on the shaft 26 via a gear 47 within the housing part 46.
  • the gear 47 consists in a simple manner of a gear transmission, in particular spur gear, and has a pinion 48 driven by the motor 34, which has an intermediate gear 49 Gear 50 acts, which is rotatably held on the shaft 26.
  • the second motor 35 provided for the linear drive in the direction of the arrow 18 is also fastened to the drive unit 30. It works with a drive device 51 via the carriage 44 onto the transport roller 15, which is thus adjusted indirectly in the stroke direction 18.
  • the drive device 51 has an endless belt 52, in particular a toothed belt, which is guided over a driven pulley 53 and a spaced-apart second pulley 54 which are mounted in the housing 31 of the drive unit 30.
  • the belt 52 engages on a driver 55, which is fastened to the carriage 44, so that a reciprocating, by means of the motor 35 drive movement of the belt 52 is transmitted over it to the carriage 44 and from there to the transport roller 15.
  • This drive device 51 is simple, inexpensive and reliable. It consists of only a few parts.
  • the belt 52 also has the advantage that tolerances or the like. can be compensated. Overall, this design of the drive device 51 together with the assigned second motor 35 is particularly simple, reliable and inexpensive.
  • the adjustment drive for needle adjustment in the direction of arrow 25 is explained below with reference to FIG. 4.
  • the third motor 36 of the drive unit 30 provided for this purpose, like the second motor 35, is an integral part of the drive unit 30 and is attached to its housing 31 from the outside. It goes without saying that the motor 36 is best placed where the most favorable space is available.
  • the motor 36 effects the needle adjustment with a drive device 61, which is designed in exactly the same way as the drive device 51 and how it is contained in the housing 31 of the drive unit 30.
  • the drive device 61 serves to drive the slide 33, which is held and guided in the drive unit 30 by means of receptacles 60, which can be moved in a translatory manner but cannot be rotated.
  • the drive device 61 has an endless belt 62, in particular a toothed belt, which is guided over a pulley 63 driven by the motor 36 and a second pulley 64 spaced therefrom and engages on a driver 65 which is fixedly arranged on the slide 33.
  • the needle receptacle 24 of the rear, adjustable needle 20 is held displaceably by means of a guide bolt 66 which engages in a guide bore 67 of the other needle receptacle 23.
  • the guide pin 66 has an end stop 68 at the end, on which the other needle receptacle 23 abuts.
  • the guide pin 66 is fastened to the needle receptacle 24 of the adjustable, rear needle 20 and can be displaced relative to it within the guide bore 67 of the other needle receptacle 23, so that the end stop 68 strikes the needle receptacle 23 to the left as a limitation of the displacement direction in FIG. 2.
  • the needle holder 24 of the adjustable needle 20 is biased by a spring 69 against the other needle holder 23 in the direction of the guide pin 66.
  • the spring 69 can be seated at any suitable point, whereby it acts on the needle receptacle 24 in FIG. 2 to the left with spring force, so that this rests with the end stop 68 on the other needle receptacle 23.
  • the spring 69 in the embodiment shown is advantageously e.g. from a helical spring which sits on the guide pin 26 and is arranged in the space between the two needle seats 23 and 24.
  • the adjusting member 32 In order to ensure the vertical drive movement generated by the needle drive 21, the adjusting member 32, in particular the slide 33, engages the needle receptacle 24 in a vertically displaceable manner relative to the latter. This takes place via a vertical sliding connection 70 between the adjusting member 32 and the needle receptacle 24.
  • the sliding connection 70 consists, for example, of a dovetail guide 71 with vertical guiding surfaces 72 on the adjusting member 32, in which the needle receptacle 24 with guiding strips 73 having corresponding guiding surfaces can be displaced, but is axially insoluble, is held.
  • the festooning machine 10 also has a thread layer 74 shown in FIG. 10, which is assigned to the needles 19, 20 and can be driven via a drive device 75 in such a way that its end passes through the curve 76 indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 10.
  • curve 76 is a flat curve.
  • the drive device 75 has a crank mechanism 77 working on the thread layer 74 as well as a superimposed on the thread layer 74 also operating, driven and controlled by the crank mechanism 77 oscillating drive 78.
  • the crank mechanism 77 and the oscillating drive 78 are guided together on a connecting lever 79 to which the thread layer 74 is fastened, in such a way that it runs approximately at right angles to the plane of the connecting lever 79 and projects downwards.
  • the crank mechanism 77 has a rotatingly driven cam disk 80 with a rotating control surface 81, which is formed by the outer circumferential surface, and a thrust member 83 articulated eccentrically on the cam disk 80 at 82 in the form of a lever.
  • the oscillation drive 78 has an oscillation lever 85 which is pivotably mounted on the machine side at 84 and which carries a cam 86, in particular a rotatable roller, which bears against the control surface 81 from the outside and is controlled by the control surface 81 when the cam 80 rotates.
  • the connecting lever 79 is articulated at one end at 87 on the thrust member 83 and at its other end at 88 on the rocker arm 85.
  • crank mechanism 77 and the oscillating drive 78 are arranged essentially within an all common plane, which brings about a favorable use of space and also leads to the fact that at a plane curve 76 is generated by the movement of the thread layer 74 generated by this drive device 75.
  • the drive device 51 there with motor 35 alone is modified such that the second motor 35 ′ or 35 ′′ a pinion 56 according to FIG. 5 or a spindle 57 according to FIG. 6 and on the slide 44 ′ or 44 ′′ a rack 58 or nut 59, threaded sleeve or the like engaged therewith. is fixed and in this way the lifting drive according to arrow 18 of the transport element, in particular the transport roller, happens.
  • the remaining elements correspond to those of the drive unit 30 in the first exemplary embodiment, in particular in FIG. 3.
  • the translation drive for the carriage 44 ′′ ′′ corresponds to that according to FIG. 5.
  • the first motor is in the drive unit 30 ′′ ′′ in FIG. 7 34 '''not part of the translationally moved carriage 44''', but instead fastened to the drive unit 30 ''', as is the housing part 46'''.
  • the rotary drive becomes of the motor 34 '''via the transmission 47''' and from there via an axial sliding connection 27 to the shaft 26 '''.
  • the sliding connection 27 has, for example, a spline shaft 28 which is driven by the gearwheel 50 '''and which engages in a hollow spline shaft 29 on the shaft 26''' which can be displaced relative thereto.
  • a rotary drive in the direction of arrow 17 and a stroke drive in the direction of arrow 18 is also possible with the first motor 34 '''firmly attached to the drive unit 30'''.
  • the crank mechanism 177 here has a rotating driven gear 180, to which a thrust member 183 is articulated.
  • the push member 183 is articulated at 193, for example via a fork, to an approximately horizontal support arm 194 which is pivotally mounted at its other end, for example by means of a fork 195.
  • On the support arm 194 sits a holder 196 on which the thread layer 174 is fixedly attached.
  • the holder 196 is pivotable about the axis of the support arm 194 in the direction of arrow 197, but is held immovably in the axial direction of the support arm 194.
  • the counterpart to the oscillation drive 78 shown in FIG. 10 forms a cam control 178 in FIG.
  • This cam control 178 has a gear wheel 198 which is driven by the gear wheel 180 via an intermediate gear wheel 199.
  • the gear wheel 198 has, for example, the end face in FIG. 11 or recessed in the circumference of a cam track 200 running in the circumferential direction, against which a cam 201 abuts and runs, which is designed, for example, as a roller.
  • the cam 201 is seated on an upward extension of the holder 196 in FIG. 11.
  • the cam track 200 can instead be provided on a cam disk.
  • the axes of the gear wheels 180, 198 and the intermediate gear wheel 199 run approximately parallel to one another and thereby transversely to the thrust member 183, to the support arm 194 and to the holder 196 183 driven back and forth. Due to the superimposed orbital movement of the cam track 200, which is scanned by the cam 201, the holder 196 is driven to swing back and forth about the axis of the support arm 194 in the direction of the arrow 197. Through these overlapping movements, the thread layer 174 describes a closed curve, which, in contrast to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 10, is not a flat curve, but rather is represented in space.
  • a switch 9 is shown only schematically, which e.g. is arranged below a table top, not shown, on which the festooning machine 10 is placed.
  • the switch 9 can have an associated actuating element 8 which can be actuated by the operator, preferably by means of the knee, during operation of the festooning machine 10, so that the switch 9 is actuated above it.
  • the switch 9 is connected to the control unit 38 via a control line 7.
  • a base sheet 13 is to be formed in the corner region of the sewing material 12, of which a part, for example 30% to 50%, extends in this corner region on one side of the sewing material 12 and of which the remaining part, for example 70% to 50% , in this corner area on the other side of the sewing material 12 extends, so to initiate this by the operator of the switch 9, for example by means of the knee, for example via the actuator 8.
  • the switch actuation has a corresponding control of the control device 38 via the control line 7 in such a way that the transport movement of the material 12 and the Needle actuation is interrupted at, for example, 30% to 50% before completion of the base sheet 13.
  • the operator then has to turn the sewing material 12 in this corner area, for example by 90 °, whereupon after actuation of a start button, which is located, for example, on the keyboard 39, the transport movement of the sewing material 12 and the actuation of the needle is continued until the base sheet 13 has been completed, ie the remaining 70% to 50% on the other side of this corner area.
  • a start button which is located, for example, on the keyboard 39
  • the operator can save beforehand at which point of the base sheet 13 the interruption should take place when the switch 9 is actuated, that is to say at 30% of the base sheet 13 or at another point.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Sewing Machines And Sewing (AREA)
  • Sowing (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
EP94101131A 1993-02-09 1994-01-26 Festonneuse Expired - Lifetime EP0610720B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4303607A DE4303607A1 (de) 1993-02-09 1993-02-09 Festoniermaschine
DE4303607 1993-02-09

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0610720A2 true EP0610720A2 (fr) 1994-08-17
EP0610720A3 EP0610720A3 (fr) 1994-12-21
EP0610720B1 EP0610720B1 (fr) 1999-06-16

Family

ID=6479889

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94101131A Expired - Lifetime EP0610720B1 (fr) 1993-02-09 1994-01-26 Festonneuse

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5555831A (fr)
EP (1) EP0610720B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06238080A (fr)
DE (3) DE4303607A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW242656B (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996025543A1 (fr) * 1995-02-17 1996-08-22 Rombold System Gmbh Procede de realisation de festons et machine a faire les festons

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1837430A1 (fr) * 2006-03-22 2007-09-26 Groz-Beckert KG Support d'aiguille pour une machine à coudre
JP2014138628A (ja) * 2011-09-16 2014-07-31 Midori Anzen Co Ltd ミシン、縫製物及びステントグラフト
JP2013090829A (ja) * 2011-10-26 2013-05-16 Gunze Ltd 生地供給装置
JP6653600B2 (ja) * 2016-03-10 2020-02-26 蛇の目ミシン工業株式会社 ミシン

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US112189A (en) * 1871-02-28 Improvement in sewing-machines
DE282022C (fr) *
US476664A (en) * 1892-06-07 lueasohi
FR411199A (fr) * 1909-12-31 1910-06-09 Hermann Drossner Perfectionnements aux machines à broder
US1054713A (en) * 1912-02-20 1913-03-04 Robert Cornely Festooning, edging, and embroidering machine.
US1388914A (en) * 1915-11-23 1921-08-30 Singer Mfg Co Sewing-machine
US1597369A (en) * 1924-06-04 1926-08-24 Durkoppwerke A G Sewing machine for making festoons
CH115286A (de) * 1925-05-29 1926-07-01 Karl Mischke Kantennadel für Festonnähmaschinen.
DE8516184U1 (de) * 1985-06-03 1985-07-18 Pfaff Industriemaschinen Gmbh, 6750 Kaiserslautern Führungsvorrichtung für das Nähgut an Nähmaschinen
JP2778210B2 (ja) * 1990-05-22 1998-07-23 ブラザー工業株式会社 止め縫いデータ作成装置
EP0478872A1 (fr) * 1990-10-03 1992-04-08 N.V. Titan-Baratto S.A. Festonneuse comportant un dispositif de positionnement automatique d'une came à motif

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996025543A1 (fr) * 1995-02-17 1996-08-22 Rombold System Gmbh Procede de realisation de festons et machine a faire les festons

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0610720B1 (fr) 1999-06-16
DE4303607A1 (de) 1994-08-11
TW242656B (fr) 1995-03-11
US5555831A (en) 1996-09-17
DE9400812U1 (de) 1994-03-10
DE59408404D1 (de) 1999-07-22
EP0610720A3 (fr) 1994-12-21
JPH06238080A (ja) 1994-08-30

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