EP0609648A1 - Recyclable support - Google Patents
Recyclable support Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0609648A1 EP0609648A1 EP94100040A EP94100040A EP0609648A1 EP 0609648 A1 EP0609648 A1 EP 0609648A1 EP 94100040 A EP94100040 A EP 94100040A EP 94100040 A EP94100040 A EP 94100040A EP 0609648 A1 EP0609648 A1 EP 0609648A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- support according
- layer
- layer support
- radiation
- solid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- -1 mannogalactan Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical group O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012463 white pigment Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims 1
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 47
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100117236 Drosophila melanogaster speck gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 244000151018 Maranta arundinacea Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010804 Maranta arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000012419 Thalia geniculata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940100486 rice starch Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZDQNWDNMNKSMHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-2-yl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(C)COC(C)COCC(C)OC(=O)C=C ZDQNWDNMNKSMHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane triacrylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-prop-2-enoyloxy-2-(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CO)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006243 acrylic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007774 anilox coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001227 electron beam curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C11/00—Auxiliary processes in photography
- G03C11/24—Removing emulsion from waste photographic material; Recovery of photosensitive or other substances
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
- G03C1/775—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers the base being of paper
- G03C1/79—Macromolecular coatings or impregnations therefor, e.g. varnishes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
- Y10T428/254—Polymeric or resinous material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a recyclable substrate made of a cellulose-containing, web-like substrate and at least one polymeric, water-resistant layer, and to a method for recycling a layer material.
- a layer carrier which is used frequently, is a combination of thermoplastic polymers, usually polyethylene, and paper.
- thermoplastic polymers usually polyethylene, and paper.
- Known products of this type are, for example, beverage packaging and photo carrier material. Recycling processes break down these substrates into the individual components in order to then obtain them in the purest form possible and to make them available for reuse in separate processes. This is described, for example, in published patent applications DE 4 105 368 and DE 4 042 225.
- Photographic substrates Thermal recording materials
- Packaging materials Decorative papers, overlay papers Separating and idler papers
- cellulose-containing supports provided with radiation-crosslinked layers can also carry further functional layers, such as, for example, barrier layers, image-receiving layers, imprints, metal vapor depositions and the like.
- the radiation-crosslinked layers cannot be removed from the cellulose-containing carrier, such as, for example, the thermoplastic polyethylene. They are also not soluble in aqueous or organic solvents and when the layer material is mechanically comminuted, there are either coarse fragments or the comminution process must be carried out so intensely that the fibers of the cellulose-containing carrier lose their functionality.
- the cellulose-containing carrier such as, for example, the thermoplastic polyethylene. They are also not soluble in aqueous or organic solvents and when the layer material is mechanically comminuted, there are either coarse fragments or the comminution process must be carried out so intensely that the fibers of the cellulose-containing carrier lose their functionality.
- a layer material composed of a cellulose-containing carrier and at least one polymeric, water-resistant layer which consists of at least one radiation-crosslinkable binder and solids which can only be anchored to a limited extent.
- the materials used as radiation-crosslinkable binders are lacquers made from monomers, oligomers or prepolymers, but mostly from mixtures of these groups.
- the monomers in particular serve as diluents.
- Monomers can advantageously be dispensed with if the coating compositions are processed at elevated temperature, preferably 30 ° C. to 60 ° C.
- Solids that are only limitedly anchored in the radiation-crosslinkable binders are those that are very difficult or insoluble in the binder system (lacquer) and that e.g. characterized by a highly smooth surface, a low affinity for the binder, a high wetting angle - relative to the binder -, a dehesive character or the like.
- Such solids which are effective according to the invention due to structural or energetic effects are e.g. Starches and starch derivatives, gelatin, microcrystalline cellulose and cellulose ether, mannogalactans, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyvinyldenchloride, polyolefin waxes, polyamides, melamine or urea formaldehyde resins.
- Solids which have uniform and fine-grained structures such as e.g. Rice starch, arrowroot starch or microspheres.
- inorganic pigments white pigments
- fillers improve the recyclability of such layers, but only to a significantly lesser extent than the solids according to the invention. If a radiation crosslinked layer already has high contents of> 50% by weight of e.g. If white pigments are present, then 3% by weight of the solid according to the invention is sufficient, while layers which are free from inorganic pigments require at least 10% by weight of the solid according to the invention.
- Such inorganic white pigments or fillers which can be present in the polymeric waterproof layer in amounts of up to 80% by weight, are carbonates, oxides, sulfates or sulfites of the elements calcium, magnesium, barium, strontium, tin or titanium.
- Inorganic pigments that are completely coated by products according to the invention, or organic compounds (e.g. silicones) that are not solids, but that can be used as solids by coating inorganic pigments and that are only limitedly anchored in radiation-crosslinkable binders are considered substances according to the invention.
- organic compounds e.g. silicones
- a particularly preferred class of the solids according to the invention are those which are swellable in water. These are, for example, starch, gelatin, mannogalactans, cellulose ether, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide.
- the layers can contain up to 20% by weight of other auxiliaries such as dispersants, dyes, antistatic agents, optical brighteners, matting agents, fragrances, leveling agents, defoamers, etc.
- auxiliaries such as dispersants, dyes, antistatic agents, optical brighteners, matting agents, fragrances, leveling agents, defoamers, etc.
- these preferred substances facilitate the decay of the radiation-crosslinked layer by swelling.
- the radiation-crosslinkable binders are crosslinked by high-energy radiation.
- This radiation can be electron radiation or UV radiation.
- UV lamps When UV lamps are used, photoinitiators must be added to the binder to form radicals, which trigger the crosslinking reaction.
- the finished mixture can be applied to the carrier material using conventional application units such as doctor or gap metering systems, anilox rollers or multi-roller systems.
- sorting can advantageously be carried out, e.g. using a vortex sifter or pipe centrifuge or turbo separator to remove contaminants and foreign matter.
- the layer fragments are separated from the pure cellulose fibers by flotation or sifting and fed to a separate fine grinding, for example in a ball mill, in order then to be reinserted into the system in a more suitable form.
- the first process step of the recycling process is advantageously carried out in an alkaline aqueous solution using bleaching solution at solids contents between 10 and 30% by weight. At the end of this process step, the solution is neutralized.
- the second process step is advantageously carried out at slightly elevated temperatures, in the range 30-60 ° C.
- Such recyclable substrates made of cellulose-containing substrates and radiation-crosslinked, water-resistant layers applied to one or both sides are used in many different ways.
- resins can be printed directly and / or coated or impregnated with resins, the resins also being radiation-crosslinkable binders for use as decor, core or overlay paper.
- They can be used as image carrier materials after the application of additional receiving layers.
- thermoplastics and / or foils e.g. Polyethylene plus aluminum foil can be used for packaging materials.
- release agents such as silicones
- they can be used as adhesive, release or follow-up paper.
- Samples 1c to 1f were in an electron beam curing system at 20 m / min. Machine speed and 20 kJ / kg energy dose cured under inert gas (nitrogen).
- Example 2a is a comparison.
- Pre-crushed strips (4. 12 cm) of the patterns are / min at 12.5% consistency with the addition of 2.25% of active chlorine and 2.00% sodium hydroxide at 50 ° C in a pulper with Helico rotor, 730 U. frayed. Samples are taken after every 15 minutes, the excess chlorine content is bound with sodium sulfite and the remaining speck content is measured with the Brecht / Holl device.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen recyclierbaren Schichtträger aus einem cellulosehaltigen, bahnförmigen Träger und mindestens einer polymeren, wasserfesten Schicht, sowie ein Verfahren zum Recyclieren eines Schichtmaterials.The invention relates to a recyclable substrate made of a cellulose-containing, web-like substrate and at least one polymeric, water-resistant layer, and to a method for recycling a layer material.
Es ist bekannt, daß Schichttrtäger mit polymeren, wasserfesten Schichten auf cellulosehaltigen Trägern schwierig zu recyclieren sind.
Ein Schichttträger, welches häufig eingesetzt wird, ist eine Kombination aus thermoplastischen Polymeren, meist Polyethylen, und Papier. Bekannte Produkte dieser Art sind z.B. Getränkeverpackungen und Fototrägermaterial. Verfahren ihrer Recyclierung zerlegen diese Schichtträger in die einzelnen Bestandteile, um diese dann in möglichst reiner Form zu gewinnen und sie in getrennten Verfahren einer Wiederverwendung zugänglich zu machen. Beschrieben wird dieses beispielsweise in den Offenlegungsschriften DE 4 105 368 und DE 4 042 225.It is known that layer supports with polymeric, water-resistant layers on cellulose-containing supports are difficult to recycle.
A layer carrier, which is used frequently, is a combination of thermoplastic polymers, usually polyethylene, and paper. Known products of this type are, for example, beverage packaging and photo carrier material. Recycling processes break down these substrates into the individual components in order to then obtain them in the purest form possible and to make them available for reuse in separate processes. This is described, for example, in published patent applications DE 4 105 368 and DE 4 042 225.
Insgesamt ist die Entwicklung und Optimierung solcher Recyclierverfahren noch nicht abgeschlossen. Die erwähnten Verfahren beinhalten aber immer einen nicht unerheblichen verfahrenstechnischen Aufwand.Overall, the development and optimization of such recycling processes has not yet been completed. However, the methods mentioned always involve a not inconsiderable outlay in terms of process technology.
Für verschiedene technische Bereiche haben sich in den letzten Jahren strahlenvernetzte Schichten auf cellulosehaltigen Trägern durchgesetzt.In various technical areas, radiation-crosslinked layers on cellulose-containing supports have become established in recent years.
Einige Anwendungsbereiche sind:
Fotografische Trägermaterialien
Thermische Aufzeichnungsmaterialien
Verpackungsmaterialien
Dekorpapiere, Overlaypapiere
Trenn- und Mitläuferpapiere
Diese mit strahlenvernetzten Schichten versehenen cellulosehaltigen Träger können auch noch weiter Funktionsschichten tragen, wie beispielsweise Sperrschichten, Bildempfangsschichten, Aufdrucke, Metallbedampfungen und ähnliches.Some areas of application are:
Photographic substrates
Thermal recording materials
Packaging materials
Decorative papers, overlay papers
Separating and idler papers
These cellulose-containing supports provided with radiation-crosslinked layers can also carry further functional layers, such as, for example, barrier layers, image-receiving layers, imprints, metal vapor depositions and the like.
Bei diesen Produktanwendungen kommt der Gebrauchstüchtigkeit die chemische Beständigkeit (und förmliche Unzerstörbarkeit) der vernetzten Schichten zugute, da z.B. sowohl Bildträger als auch Küchenmöbel (Dekorpapier) nicht für einen raschen Verschleiß gedacht sind.In these product applications, the usability benefits the chemical resistance (and formal indestructibility) of the crosslinked layers, e.g. Both picture carriers and kitchen furniture (decorative paper) are not intended for rapid wear.
Trotzdem fällt in den einzelnen Produktionsstufen dieser Produkte produktionsbedingter Ausschuß an (z.B. beim Anfahren einer Beschichtungsanlage). Es wäre daher aus wirtschaftlichen und ökologischen Gesichtspunkten außerordentlich wünschenswert, wenn dieser Ausschuß oder Abfall möglichst vollständig in den Materialkreislauf zurückgeführt werden könnte.Nevertheless, production-related rejects are incurred in the individual production stages of these products (e.g. when starting up a coating system). It would therefore be extremely desirable from an economic and ecological point of view if this scrap or waste could be returned to the material cycle as completely as possible.
Die strahlenvernetzten Schichten lassen sich jedoch nicht vom cellulosehaltigen Träger abziehen, wie beispielsweise der Thermoplast Polyethylen. Sie sind auch nicht auflösbar in wässrigen oder organischen Lösungsmitteln und bei einer mechanischen Zerkleinerung des Schichtmaterials fallen entweder zu grobe Bruchstücke an, oder der Zerkleinerungsprozeß muß so intensiv durchgeführt werden, daß die Fasern des cellulosehaltigen Trägers ihre Funktionalität verlieren.However, the radiation-crosslinked layers cannot be removed from the cellulose-containing carrier, such as, for example, the thermoplastic polyethylene. They are also not soluble in aqueous or organic solvents and when the layer material is mechanically comminuted, there are either coarse fragments or the comminution process must be carried out so intensely that the fibers of the cellulose-containing carrier lose their functionality.
Es ist deshalb Aufgabe dieser Erfindung, ein recyclierbares Schichtmaterial zur Verfügung zu stellen, bestehend aus einem cellulosehaltigen, bahnförmigen Träger und mindestens einer polymeren wasserfesten Schicht, das ohne zusätzlichen Aufwand mit den in der Papierindustrie üblichen Aggregaten und Verfahren in den Produktionsablauf zurückgeführt werden kann.It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a recyclable layer material, consisting of a cellulose-containing, web-shaped carrier and at least one polymeric water-resistant layer, which can be returned to the production process without additional effort using the units and processes customary in the paper industry.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch ein Schichtmaterial aus cellulosehaltigem Träger und mindestens einer polymeren, wasserfesten Schicht, die mindestens aus einem strahlenvernetzbaren Bindemittel und darin nur begrenzt verankerbaren Feststoffen besteht.This object is achieved by a layer material composed of a cellulose-containing carrier and at least one polymeric, water-resistant layer which consists of at least one radiation-crosslinkable binder and solids which can only be anchored to a limited extent.
Es war überraschend, daß durch Beimengung dieser Feststoffe die mechanische Zerstörbarkeit der Schichten ohne Beeinträchtigung der Gebrauchstüchtigkeit so erleichtert wird, daß die daraus hergestellten Materialien ohne Hinzuziehung zusätzlicher Technologien ganz allein unter Einsatz der in der einschlägigen Papierindustrie sowieso vorhandenen Aggregate rückstandslos in das wässrige System des Herstellungsprozeß zurückgeführt werden können.It was surprising that the admixture of these solids facilitates the mechanical destructibility of the layers without impairing their serviceability so that the materials produced therefrom without any additional technology using the aggregates which are present in the relevant paper industry in the aqueous system of the manufacturing process can be returned.
Die als strahlenvernetzbare Bindemittel verwendeten Materialien sind Lacke aus Monomeren, Oligomeren oder Prepolymeren, meist jedoch aus Gemischen dieser Gruppen. Dabei dienen vor allem die Monomere als Verdünnungsmittel. Auf Monomere kann vorteilhaft verzichtet werden, wenn die Beschichtungsmassen bei erhöhter Temperatur, vorzugsweise 30 °C bis 60 °C, verarbeitet werden.The materials used as radiation-crosslinkable binders are lacquers made from monomers, oligomers or prepolymers, but mostly from mixtures of these groups. The monomers in particular serve as diluents. Monomers can advantageously be dispensed with if the coating compositions are processed at elevated temperature, preferably 30 ° C. to 60 ° C.
Die Monomere, Oligomere und Prepolymere enthalten als Acryl, Methacryl-, Allyl- oder Vinylverbindungen Kohlenstoff-Doppelbindungen (〉c=c〈). Sie können zusätzlich Hydroxyl-, Carboxyl- und andere polare Gruppen enthalten, z.B. zur Verbesserung der Haftung auf dem cellulosehaltigen Träger.The monomers, oligomers and prepolymers contain carbon double bonds (〉 c = c 〈) as acrylic, methacrylic, allyl or vinyl compounds. They can additionally contain hydroxyl, carboxyl and other polar groups, e.g. to improve the adhesion to the cellulose-containing carrier.
Feststoffe, die nur eine begrenzte Verankerung in den strahlenvernetzbaren Bindemitteln finden, sind solche, die im Bindemittelsystem (Lack) sehr schwer- bzw. unlöslich sind und sich z.B. durch eine hochglatte Oberfläche, eine geringe Affinität zum Bindemittel, einen hohen Benetzungswinkel - relativ zum Bindemittel-, einen dehäsiven Charakter oder ähnliches auszeichnen. Solche durch Struktur- oder energetische Effekte erfindungsgemäß wirksamen Feststoffe sind z.B. Stärken und Stärkederivate, Gelatine, mikrokristalline Cellulose und Celluloseäther, Mannogalaktane, Polyvinylalkohol, Polyacrylamid, Polyvinyldenchlorid, Polyolefinwachse, Polyamide, Melamin- oder Harnstofformaldehydharze.Solids that are only limitedly anchored in the radiation-crosslinkable binders are those that are very difficult or insoluble in the binder system (lacquer) and that e.g. characterized by a highly smooth surface, a low affinity for the binder, a high wetting angle - relative to the binder -, a dehesive character or the like. Such solids which are effective according to the invention due to structural or energetic effects are e.g. Starches and starch derivatives, gelatin, microcrystalline cellulose and cellulose ether, mannogalactans, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyvinyldenchloride, polyolefin waxes, polyamides, melamine or urea formaldehyde resins.
Besonders bevorzugt sind Feststoffe, die gleichmäßige und feinkörnige Strukturen aufweisen wie z.B. Reisstärke, Arrowrootstärke oder Mikrokugeln.Solids which have uniform and fine-grained structures, such as e.g. Rice starch, arrowroot starch or microspheres.
Je höher der Anteil dieser Feststoffe in der strahlenvernetzten Schicht ist, umso einfacher oder besser ist die Recyclierbarkeit der Schichtmaterialien.The higher the proportion of these solids in the radiation-crosslinked layer, the easier or better the recyclability of the layer materials.
So wurden beispielsweise Schichten aufgetragen und erfolgreich recycliert, die 70 Gew.-% Mikrohohlkugeln enthielten.For example, layers were applied and successfully recycled that contained 70% by weight of hollow microspheres.
Um eine deutliche Verbesserung der Recyclierbarkeit zu erreichen, ist eine Mindestmenge an begrenzt verankerbaren Feststoffen notwendig. Diese Menge liegt bei 3 Gew.-%.In order to achieve a significant improvement in recyclability, a minimum amount of solids that can be anchored to a limited extent is necessary. This amount is 3% by weight.
3 Gew.-% sind als unterste Grenze anzusehen. Für manche strahlenvernetzbaren Schichten reichen diese Mengen jedoch nicht.3% by weight is the lowest limit. However, these amounts are not sufficient for some radiation-crosslinkable layers.
Es hat sich beispielsweise gezeigt, daß auch eingearbeitete anorganische Pigmente (Weißpigmente) oder Füllstoffe die Recyclierbarkeit solcher Schichten verbessern, allerdings nur in deutlich geringerem Maße als die erfindungsgemäßen Feststoffe. Wenn eine strahlenvernetzte Schicht schon hohe Gehalte von > 50 Gew.-% an z.B. Weißpigmenten aufweist, dann sind 3 Gew.-% erfindungsgemäßer Feststoff ausreichend, während für Schichten, die frei von anorganischen Pigmenten sind, mindestens 10 Gew.-% erfindungsgemäßer Feststoff benötigt werden.It has been shown, for example, that incorporated inorganic pigments (white pigments) or fillers improve the recyclability of such layers, but only to a significantly lesser extent than the solids according to the invention. If a radiation crosslinked layer already has high contents of> 50% by weight of e.g. If white pigments are present, then 3% by weight of the solid according to the invention is sufficient, while layers which are free from inorganic pigments require at least 10% by weight of the solid according to the invention.
Solche anorganischen Weißpigmente oder Füllstoffe, die in Mengen bis zu 80 Gew.-% in der polymeren wasserfesten Schicht vorhanden sein können, sind Carbonate, Oxide, Sulfate oder Sulfite der Elemente Calcium, Magnesium, Barium, Strontium, Zinn oder Titan.Such inorganic white pigments or fillers, which can be present in the polymeric waterproof layer in amounts of up to 80% by weight, are carbonates, oxides, sulfates or sulfites of the elements calcium, magnesium, barium, strontium, tin or titanium.
Anorganische Pigmente, die von erfindungsgemäßen Produkten vollständig umhüllt sind, oder organische Verbindungen (z.B. Silikone) die keine Festkörper sind, jedoch durch Umhüllung von anorganischen Pigmenten als Festkörper eingesetzt werden können und im strahlenvernetzbaren Bindemitteln nur eine begrenzte Verankerung finden, werden als erfindungsgemäße Substanzen betrachtet.Inorganic pigments that are completely coated by products according to the invention, or organic compounds (e.g. silicones) that are not solids, but that can be used as solids by coating inorganic pigments and that are only limitedly anchored in radiation-crosslinkable binders are considered substances according to the invention.
Als eine besonders bevorzugte Klasse der erfindungsgemäßen Feststoffe werden diejenigen betrachtet, die in Wasser quellbar sind. Das sind z.B. Stärke, Gelatine, Mannogalaktane, Celluloseäther, Polyvinylalkohol, Polyacrylamid.A particularly preferred class of the solids according to the invention are those which are swellable in water. These are, for example, starch, gelatin, mannogalactans, cellulose ether, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide.
Zusätzlich können die Schichten bis zu 20 Gew.-% sonstige Hilfsstoffe wie Dispergiermittel, Farbstoffe, Antistatika, optische Aufheller, Mattierungsmittel, Duftstoffe, Verlaufmittel, Entschäumer usw. enthalten.In addition, the layers can contain up to 20% by weight of other auxiliaries such as dispersants, dyes, antistatic agents, optical brighteners, matting agents, fragrances, leveling agents, defoamers, etc.
In den wässrigen Systemen des Recyclierprozesses der Papierindustrie erleichtern diese bevorzugten Substanzen durch ihr Aufquellen den Zerfall der strahlenvernetzten Schicht.In the aqueous systems of the recycling process in the paper industry, these preferred substances facilitate the decay of the radiation-crosslinked layer by swelling.
Die strahlenvernetzbaren Bindemittel werden durch energiereiche Strahlung vernetzt. Diese Strahlung kann eine Elektronenstrahlung sein oder eine UV-Strahlung. Beim Einsatz von UV-Lampen müssen dem Bindemittel Photoinitiatoren zugesetzt werden zur Bildung von Radikalen, die die Vernetzungsreaktion in Gang setzten.The radiation-crosslinkable binders are crosslinked by high-energy radiation. This radiation can be electron radiation or UV radiation. When UV lamps are used, photoinitiators must be added to the binder to form radicals, which trigger the crosslinking reaction.
Die fertige Mischung kann mit üblichen Auftragsaggregaten wie Schaber- oder Spaltdosiersysteme, Rasterwalzen oder Mehrwalzen-Systeme auf das Trägermaterial aufgetragen werden.The finished mixture can be applied to the carrier material using conventional application units such as doctor or gap metering systems, anilox rollers or multi-roller systems.
Viele der genannten erfindungsgemäßen Feststoffe haben jedoch eine so grobe Korngrößenverteilung, daß sie beim Auftragen der fertigen Mischung auf den cellulosehaltigen Träger Störungen hervorrufen. Technische Zerkleinerungsprozesse können Abhilfe schaffen. Dieser Aufwand kann jedoch für in Wasser quellbare Feststoffe vermieden werden, wenn diese entsprechend einem weiteren Teil der Erfindung vorher in Wasser aufgequollen, homogenisiert und dann mit dem strahlenvernetzbaren Bindemittel gemischt werden.However, many of the solids according to the invention mentioned have such a coarse particle size distribution that they cause disturbances when the finished mixture is applied to the cellulose-containing carrier. Technical shredding processes can help. However, this effort can be avoided for water-swellable solids if, according to a further part of the invention, these are previously swollen in water, homogenized and then mixed with the radiation-crosslinkable binder.
Überraschenderweise ist es in einigen anwendungstechnisch relevanten Fällen möglich, die organische Bindemittel (Lack-)phase mit der wäßrigen Quellmittelphase so zu vermischen, daß eine daraus erzeugte Schicht auf Papier oder Karton mit sehr guter Haftung, Flexibilität und Oberfläche erzeugt werden kann. Auf diese Weise hergestellte Schichtmaterialien haben deutliche Vorteile im hier beschriebenen Recyclierverfahren.Surprisingly, in some cases relevant to application technology, it is possible to mix the organic binder (lacquer) phase with the aqueous swelling agent phase in such a way that a layer produced therefrom on paper or cardboard can be produced with very good adhesion, flexibility and surface. Layer materials produced in this way have clear advantages in the recycling process described here.
In ähnlicher Gestaltung einer Mischung war es überraschenderweise auch möglich, der organischen Bindemittelphase wässrige Dispersionen von Mikrokugeln beizumischen. Auch diese Mischungen ergaben strahlenvernetzte Schichten guter Qualität und Gleichmäßigkeit. Die so hergestellten Schichtmaterialien ließen sich ebenfalls vorzüglich recyclieren.In a similar design of a mixture, it was surprisingly also possible to add aqueous dispersions of microspheres to the organic binder phase. These mixtures also gave radiation-crosslinked layers of good quality and uniformity. The layer materials produced in this way could also be excellently recycled.
Ist das bisher beschriebene Schichtmaterial, bestehend aus cellulosehaltigem Träger und versehen mit einer strahlenvernetzten Schicht die begrenzt verankerbare Feststoffe enthält, mit weiteren nicht strahlenvernetzten Schichten belegt, so können zur Recyclierung folgende Aussagen gemacht werden:
- a) Ist als eine weitere Schicht ein Thermoplast aufgetragen, wie z.B. Polyethylen, so kann das Gesamtprodukt genauso (aufwendig) aufgearbeitet werden wie ein reines Polyethylen-Papier-Schichtmaterial, d.h. die Thermoplastschicht wird vom restlichen Schichtmaterial abgetrennt und seperat recycliert und das restliche Schichtmaterial wird erfindungsgemäß recycliert.
- b) Ist als eine weitere Schicht eine abziehbare Schicht aufgetragen, so kann sie abgezogen und der Rest erfindungsgemäß recycliert werden.
- c) Ist als eine weitere Schicht eine wasserlösliche oder wasserquellbare Schicht aufgetragen, so kann erfindungsgemäß recycliert werden.
- a) If a thermoplastic, such as polyethylene, is applied as a further layer, the entire product can be worked up in the same (complex) way as a pure polyethylene-paper layer material, i.e. the thermoplastic layer is separated from the remaining layer material and recycled separately and the remaining layer material becomes recycled according to the invention.
- b) If a removable layer is applied as a further layer, it can be removed and the rest can be recycled according to the invention.
- c) If a water-soluble or water-swellable layer is applied as a further layer, it can be recycled according to the invention.
Der wässrige Recyclierprozeß kann aus den folgenden Verfahrensschriften bestehen:
- 1. Schritt
- Aufschlagen und Zerkleinern des Schichtmaterials in einem Stofflöser (Pulper)
- 2. Schritt
- Zerfasern und Mahlen des aufgeschlagenen Stoffes in Zerfaserern (z.B. Scheibenzerfaserer)
- 3. Schritt
- Zumischen des so aufgearbeiteten Materials zum jungfräulichen Papierstoff.
-
Step 1 - Opening and crushing the layer material in a pulper
- 2nd step
- Shredding and grinding of the whipped material in shredders (e.g. slice shredders)
- 3rd step
- Mix the processed material into virgin paper stock.
Zwischen den Verfahrenschritten 1 und 2 und den Verfahrensschritten 2 und 3 kann vorteilhaft jeweils eine Sortierung z.B. mittels Wirbelssichter bzw. Rohrschleuder oder Turboseperator erfolgen zur Entfernung von Verunreinigungen und Fremdstoffen.Between
In einer bevorzugten Verfahrensvarianten werden durch Flotation oder Sichtung die Schichtbruchstücke von den reinen Cellulosefasern abgetrennt und einer seperaten Feinmahlung beispielsweise in einer Kugelmühle zugeführt, um anschließend wieder dem System in einer geeigneteren Form eingefügt zu werden.In a preferred process variant, the layer fragments are separated from the pure cellulose fibers by flotation or sifting and fed to a separate fine grinding, for example in a ball mill, in order then to be reinserted into the system in a more suitable form.
Der erste Verfahrensschritt des Recyclierprozesses wird vorteilhaft in einer alkalischen wässrigen Lösung durchgeführt unter Verwendung von Bleichlauge bei Feststoffgehalten zwischen 10 und 30 Gew.-%. Am Ende dieses Verfahrensschrittes wird die Lösung neutralisiert. Der zweite Verfahrensschritt wird vorteilhaft bei leicht erhöhten Temperaturen, im Bereich 30 - 60 °C durchgeführt.The first process step of the recycling process is advantageously carried out in an alkaline aqueous solution using bleaching solution at solids contents between 10 and 30% by weight. At the end of this process step, the solution is neutralized. The second process step is advantageously carried out at slightly elevated temperatures, in the range 30-60 ° C.
Solche recyclierbaren Schichtträger aus cellulosehaltigem Träger und ein- oder beidseitig aufgetragenen strahlenvernetzten, wasserfesten Schichten finden vielfältige Verwendung.Such recyclable substrates made of cellulose-containing substrates and radiation-crosslinked, water-resistant layers applied to one or both sides are used in many different ways.
Sie können direkt bedruckt und/oder mit Harzen beschichtet oder getränkt werden, wobei die Harze auch strahlenvernetzbare Bindemittel sein können, zur Verwendung als Dekor, Kern- oder Overlay-Papier.They can be printed directly and / or coated or impregnated with resins, the resins also being radiation-crosslinkable binders for use as decor, core or overlay paper.
Sie können nach Auftrag zusätzlicher Empfangsschichten als Bildträgermaterialien eingesetzt werden.They can be used as image carrier materials after the application of additional receiving layers.
Sie können nach Auftrag von Thermoplasten und/oder Folien, z.B. Polyethylen plus Aluminiumfolie für Verpackungsmaterialien eingesetzt werden.After application of thermoplastics and / or foils, e.g. Polyethylene plus aluminum foil can be used for packaging materials.
Sie können nach Auftrag von Trennmitteln wie Silikonen als Dehäsiv-, Trenn- oder Mitläuferpapier eingesetzt werden.After applying release agents such as silicones, they can be used as adhesive, release or follow-up paper.
Die folgenden Beispiele sollen die Erfindung verdeutlichen, aber nicht eingrenzen.The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but not to limit it.
Ein mit Alkylketendimer neutral geleimtes fotografisches Basispapier von 180 g/m² Flächengewicht wurde nach einer Corona Vorbehandlung einseitig mit den Beschichtungsmassen 1b - 1f beschichtet.
Das Auftragsgewicht betrug 25 ± 2 g/m².
- 1a
- unbeschichtetes Basispapier (als Vergleich)
- 1b
- beschichtet mit pigmentiertem Polyethylen mittels Schmelzextrusion (als Vergleich)
- 1c-1f
- beschichtet mit strahlenvernetztbarer Beschichtungsmasse;
The application weight was 25 ± 2 g / m².
- 1a
- uncoated base paper (for comparison)
- 1b
- coated with pigmented polyethylene by melt extrusion (for comparison)
- 1c-1f
- coated with radiation-crosslinkable coating material;
Die Proben 1c bis 1f wurden in einer Elektronenstrahl-Härtungsanlage bei 20 m/min. Maschinengeschwindigkeit und 20 kJ/kg Energiedosis unter Inertgas (Stickstoff) ausgehärtet.Samples 1c to 1f were in an electron beam curing system at 20 m / min. Machine speed and 20 kJ / kg energy dose cured under inert gas (nitrogen).
Ein mit Stearinsäure, Alkylketendimer und epoxidiertem Fettsäureamid geleimtes Papier von 135 g/m² Flächengewicht, welches in der Leimpresse der Papiermaschine eine zusätzliche Oberflächenbeschichtung aus Polyvinyalkohol und Carboxymethylcellulose (Verhältnis = 2:1) erhielt, wurde nach einer Corona-Vorbehandlung mit den folgenden Beschichtungsmassen beschichtet;
Auftragsgewicht = 25 ± 2 g/m²
Application weight = 25 ± 2 g / m²
Beispiel 2a gilt als Vergleich.Example 2a is a comparison.
Alle Proben wurden unter den in Beispiel 1 beschriebenen Bedingungen verarbeitet.All samples were processed under the conditions described in Example 1.
5 g des zu prüfenden Musters wird in 4.12 cm große Streifen zerschnitten. Diese Streifen werden im Dissolver (IKA-RE 166) nach Zugabe von 200 ml Wasser bei 6000 U/min für 10 Minuten weiter zerkleinert. Der so entstandene Faserbrei wird mit Wasser auf 5 l aufgefüllt und in einem Blattbildner (Rapid-Köthen-System) zu einem Papierblatt geformt. Nach dem Trocknen des Papierblatts wird mit einer CCD-Videokamera im Durchlicht bei hohem Kontrast ein Bild des Fasergefüges aufgenommen, das dann im Maßstab 1:2 verkleinert über einen Videoprinter ausgedruckt wird. Die ausgedruckten Bilder werden visuell vergleichend geprüft.5 g of the sample to be tested is in 4 . Cut 12 cm strips. These strips are further comminuted in a dissolver (IKA-RE 166) after adding 200 ml of water at 6000 rpm for 10 minutes. The resulting pulp is made up to 5 l with water and formed into a sheet of paper in a sheet former (Rapid-Köthen system). After the paper sheet has dried, an image of the fiber structure is recorded in transmitted light with high contrast using a CCD video camera, which is then printed out in a 1: 2 scale and printed out using a video printer. The printed images are visually compared.
Vorzerkleinerte Streifen (4.12 cm) der Muster werden bei 12,5 % Stoffdichte unter Zusatz von 2,25 % Aktivchlor und 2,00 % Natriumhydroxid bei 50°C in einem Pulper mit Helico-Rotor, 730 U/min. zerfasert. Nach jeweils 15 Minuten werden Proben entnommen, der überschüssige Chlorgehalt mit Natriumsulfit gebunden und der Rest-Stippengehalt mit dem Brecht/Holl-Gerät gemessen.Pre-crushed strips (4. 12 cm) of the patterns are / min at 12.5% consistency with the addition of 2.25% of active chlorine and 2.00% sodium hydroxide at 50 ° C in a pulper with Helico rotor, 730 U. frayed. Samples are taken after every 15 minutes, the excess chlorine content is bound with sodium sulfite and the remaining speck content is measured with the Brecht / Holl device.
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JPS63135585A (en) * | 1986-11-21 | 1988-06-07 | 三菱製紙株式会社 | Regeneration of old thermal recording paper |
JPH059893A (en) * | 1991-07-03 | 1993-01-19 | Material Sci Kk | Coated paper |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3718536A (en) * | 1970-04-22 | 1973-02-27 | Thilmany Pulp & Paper Co | Composite board and method of manufacture |
CA1099858A (en) * | 1976-11-11 | 1981-04-28 | Heikki Mamers | Recovery of fibre from laminated carton boards |
DE3022451A1 (en) * | 1980-06-14 | 1982-01-07 | Felix Schoeller jr. GmbH & Co KG, 4500 Osnabrück | WATERPROOF PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER |
DE3569991D1 (en) * | 1985-09-04 | 1989-06-08 | Schoeller F Jun Gmbh Co Kg | Waterproof paper support for photographic layers |
US4994147A (en) * | 1990-03-05 | 1991-02-19 | Eastman Kodak Company | Photographic reflection print material with improved keeping properties |
DE4042225A1 (en) * | 1990-12-29 | 1992-07-02 | Pwa Industriepapier Gmbh | METHOD FOR PROCESSING WASTE PAPER |
DE4105368C1 (en) * | 1991-02-21 | 1992-05-07 | Papierfabrik Schoellershammer Heinr. Aug. Schoeller Soehne Gmbh & Co Kg, 5160 Dueren, De | Handling photographic paper having plastic coating - includes dissolving cellular material from plastic using strong base |
DE4139251A1 (en) * | 1991-11-29 | 1993-06-03 | Schoeller Felix Jun Papier | BASE PAPER FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC LAYER |
-
1993
- 1993-02-01 DE DE4302678A patent/DE4302678A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1994
- 1994-01-04 DE DE59408971T patent/DE59408971D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-01-04 EP EP94100040A patent/EP0609648B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-01 JP JP6030922A patent/JPH0813388A/en active Pending
- 1994-02-01 US US08/190,651 patent/US5573636A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (9)
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US4133688A (en) * | 1975-01-24 | 1979-01-09 | Felix Schoeller, Jr. | Photographic carrier material containing thermoplastic microspheres |
JPS5825710B2 (en) * | 1975-03-14 | 1983-05-28 | ユニチカ株式会社 | Kannetsusetuchiyakuseishi |
JPS58168676A (en) * | 1982-03-31 | 1983-10-05 | Aica Kogyo Co Ltd | Adhesive for corrugater |
EP0114973A2 (en) * | 1983-01-03 | 1984-08-08 | Felix Schoeller jr Foto- und Spezialpapiere GmbH & Co. KG | Water-proof photographic paper |
EP0131893A2 (en) * | 1983-07-11 | 1985-01-23 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Process for producing supports for photographic paper |
EP0159493A2 (en) * | 1984-04-21 | 1985-10-30 | Felix Schoeller jr Foto- und Spezialpapiere GmbH & Co. KG | Coated photographic support material |
CH662839A5 (en) * | 1986-08-14 | 1987-10-30 | Ernst Hagenbuch | Process for making paper with a coloured pattern of frosted structure |
JPS63135585A (en) * | 1986-11-21 | 1988-06-07 | 三菱製紙株式会社 | Regeneration of old thermal recording paper |
JPH059893A (en) * | 1991-07-03 | 1993-01-19 | Material Sci Kk | Coated paper |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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J.H.KLEINEAU ET AL.: "PULP AND PAPER MANUFACTURE,VOLUME 3", 1987, THE JOINT TEXTBOOK COMMITTEE OF THE PAPER INDUSTRY, MONTREAL,CA, 191510 * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 7, no. 289 (C - 202)<1434> 23 December 1983 (1983-12-23) * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110016194A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-07-16 | 无锡纯宇环保制品有限公司 | A kind of degradable plastic bag being conducive to water body purification |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59408971D1 (en) | 2000-01-13 |
EP0609648B1 (en) | 1999-12-08 |
US5573636A (en) | 1996-11-12 |
DE4302678A1 (en) | 1994-08-04 |
JPH0813388A (en) | 1996-01-16 |
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