EP0554438B1 - Door, in particular a double-wing door - Google Patents

Abstract

A door which can be automatically opened and closed can have an additional releasable connection for allowing the door panels to be manually opened by disengaging the door panels from the device for automatically opening and closing the doors. In particular, two-panel doors which execute a combined sliding and rotational motion around a vertical axis of rotation during the closing and opening motion can be configured with such a device to make it possible to use the doors in evacuation and emergency routes, i.e. routes in which a manual force can be applied from inside to open the door panels. Further, so that the door does not remain open, there can also preferably be switches or circuits in the construction which indicate that a manual opening of the door panels has occurred, in which case an electronic signal can be generated to place the drive device in motion, to thereby automatically restore the connection between the door panels and the drive system.

Description

The invention relates to a door, in particular a double-leaf door, according to the preamble of claim 1.

In premises that are open to the public, e.g. Wholesalers, commercial centers and similar structures, doors are often provided with movable and pivotable wings, which, after emitting a sensor signal, which usually indicates the presence of a person near the door, performs an opening movement and thus brings the wings into an open position by means of a lateral sliding movement, to drive into specially provided recesses, which are arranged laterally opposite the free door opening. Such doors have the particular disadvantage that it is necessary to provide recesses for the lateral movement of the wing. If panic conditions occur inside the premises, e.g. If a fire breaks out, which also leads to a temporary interruption of the power supply, there is a danger for the people inside the building. These people are practically unable to open the door, which is usually made of glass. This can lead to serious injuries to people when the glass panes break.

In order to avoid this disadvantage, doors have already been proposed which are equipped with two wings and devices with which it is when the door is opened It was possible to carry out a combined movement and rotation around a vertical axis in order to move the door leaves from a position oriented perpendicular to the door frame into a position parallel to it. In this embodiment, it is not necessary to provide lateral recesses for receiving the door leaves. However, it was not possible to provide safety devices in the event of panic-like conditions, which make it possible to open the door leaves without a problem even when the power supply is interrupted, by exerting slight pressure on the door leaves directed towards the inside of the room.

A two-leaf door of this type can be found in DE-OS 28 05 973. Here, the hinge joints are each arranged at the free end of a support arm projecting over a broad side of the door leaf within the broad side projection and rigidly anchored to the door leaf. The distance between the axis of rotation of the hinge joints to the broad side and to the vertical edge of the broad side projection of the door leaf exceeds one sixth of the door leaf width. As a result of this configuration and arrangement of the hinge joints, during the opening movement of each door leaf, its vertically running door leaf edge facing the opening edge swings to one side in the region of this opening edge, namely the outer space of the door passage. At the same time, in the central area of the door opening, the vertically running edge of the door leaf swings to the other side, namely the inner edge of the door passage. While the swiveling range outwards, in the area of the opening edge, does not restrict the passage area at all, the swiveling movement directed through the passage area and directed into the interior is significantly reduced with respect to its swiveling space. In an emergency, this door can also be pushed open by hand, but this pressure must be exerted on the door leaf due to the fact that it is removed from the pivot point Support arm to be applied almost to the front edge of the door leaf, because here the force to open the door leaf is lowest. If you were to press against the glass pane in the middle of the door leaf, you would have to exert a very large force due to the small lever arm. However, this is not recognizable, especially for children or the elderly, or they are not able to open this door in the event of panic and thus clear the escape and rescue route.

US Pat. No. 3,247,617 describes a two-leaf door which carries out a combined sliding and rotating movement during the opening or closing process. A door of this type takes up little space because, due to the connection of the individual door leaves, pivoting of the individual door leaves into the room is almost prevented. The construction described here is designed so that the individual door leaves are guided above and below by arms, which are pivoted near the pivot point of the door leaf. These arms are simultaneously connected to a vertical, rotatably mounted guide. The two door leaves are driven by a drive placed above the door leaves via a drive nut which is connected to one of the door leaves by a pin. This fixed, form-fitting coupling between the door leaf and the drive means that such a door cannot be pivoted by hand. Also, such a door cannot be used in escape and rescue routes, since such a door cannot be opened in the event of a power failure.

The object of the invention is to provide a door that can be used in escape and rescue routes. The door must, if necessary, i.e. can be opened easily even if the power supply fails. After the emergency opening, which must be possible both when the power supply is connected and when there is no power supply, the door must close again automatically.

This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1. At the outer edge of the door leaf, which is closest to the door frame and thus the supporting structure, there is a vertical axis of rotation, on which pivoting and simultaneous movement of the leaf is possible either by matching storage or by a vertically arranged rod. Each door leaf is thus articulated on its outer edge via a vertical axis. If a rod is used which extends vertically, vertically arranged ends are bent horizontally, in such a way that they create a C-shaped structure. These ends are articulated with two bearings on the load-bearing structure of the door. In accordance with a horizontal edge of a door leaf, there is a cross strut, which is also articulated at its outer end to the rod or to the vertical axis of rotation and with normal function of the wing is also connected to it. The drive means of the automatic door act on the cross strut, which enables an optional pushing movement to the outside or to the inside of the door leaf or allows an opening and closing movement to be carried out. The guide is slidably arranged in a bottom slot, which has an arcuate shape and extends over 90 °.

However, so that the door can also be used for escape and rescue routes and thus can maintain its function even in the absence of a power supply, means are available that allow the door to be opened due to pressure on the inside of the door leaves in the event of danger, and thus open the door. For this purpose, there are separate means on the cross strut for each wing, which include a detachable connection. As a tried and tested means, a permanent magnet can be used here, which uses an anchor plate, which is located on the upper door leaf, to hold the door leaf in place. If the pressure is now exerted on the inside of the door, the adhesive force of the magnet is overcome and the door leaf can be pressed outwards. It is also possible to replace the permanent magnet with an electromagnet. In this case, the electromagnet can be used as a detachable means to specifically activate the locking of the door leaves in the event of a panic by a control room or a switch.

In an embodiment of the object according to the invention, it is also possible to propose a purely mechanical solution in which a resilient sheet is attached to the cross strut in the outer region, which works together with a hook-shaped component, which is also equipped with resilience. In this case too, a pressure of the spring force of the hook-shaped component is overcome on the inside of the door leaf, so that this component folds away and releases the door leaf.

Another type of fastening is possible via a so-called latching clip lock, which is designed such that it snaps out on the door leaf when a corresponding compressive force is applied. A very inexpensive connection could also be to attach a Velcro fastener both on the cross strut and in the upper area of the door leaf.

If, as already described, an automatically working door is now opened manually, this door would normally be in an open position and would represent a security risk for the building if it were located in the area of the escape and rescue routes on an outer front. So that this does not occur, means are available on the door that report the operating state of the door leaves. This can be done, for example, in an inexpensive manner in that an electrical switch or contactless sensors are attached to the cross strut, which report the state of the door to the control electronics of the automatic door, ie at the moment when the door leaf is not in contact with the cross strut , a signal is emitted which has the effect that an automatic reset process is initiated in which the drive means of the automatic door are started, ie the cross strut extends and catches the door leaf again due to the detachable connection. After the door leaf and cross strut have been coupled again, the door is automatically moved back to the closed position. This ensures that the door is securely locked. Opening from the outside is not possible.

• Figur 1 - eine Vorderansicht der Tür in geschlossener Stellung;
• Figur 2 - eine Draufsicht der geschlossenen Tür im Schnitt entlang der Linie II/II der Figur 1;
• Figur 3 - eine Seitenansicht der Tür in geschlossener Stellung;
• Figur 4 - eine Vorderansicht der Tür in geöffneter Stellung;
• Figur 5 - eine Draufsicht der Tür in geöffneter Stellung im Schnitt entlang der Linien IV/IV der Figur 4;
• Figur 6 - eine Vorderansicht der Tür in geöffneter Stellung für einen Notfall;
• Figur 7 - eine Draufsicht der Tür in geöffneter Stellung im Notfall und im Schnitt entlang der Linie I/I der Figur 6;
• Figur 8 - Detail der Querstrebe mit Magnet und Türflügel.

The object of the invention is explained in more detail using the possible exemplary embodiments shown schematically in the drawings. It shows:

• Figure 1 - a front view of the door in the closed position;
• Figure 2 is a plan view of the closed door in section along the line II / II of Figure 1;
• Figure 3 - a side view of the door in the closed position;
• Figure 4 - a front view of the door in the open position;
• Figure 5 is a plan view of the door in the open position in section along lines IV / IV of Figure 4;
• Figure 6 is a front view of the door in the open position for an emergency;
• Figure 7 is a plan view of the door in the open position in an emergency and in section along the line I / I of Figure 6;
• Figure 8 - Detail of the cross strut with magnet and door leaf.

In Figure 1, the subject of the door according to the invention with two door leaves (1) and (16) has been shown in the closed position. The door is advantageously made of glass, but can also be made of any other material and is held by a side bar (2), the bars at the top and bottom of the door leaves (1) and (16) by block-like components (3 ) are articulated. These block-like components (3) represent quasi bearings in which the door leaves (1) and (16) can be pivoted about the vertical axis of rotation, in this case the rod (2). Each vertical bar (2) has vertical end pieces (21) which are angled horizontally so as to create a C-shaped structure.

The end pieces (21) each end in hubs (22) which are freely placed on the pins (4). These pins (4), in conjunction with the hubs (22), represent pivot bearings. The hubs (22) and pins (4) on each wing are attached to the supporting structure (8) in such a way that they form an aligned axis. The hub (4) attached in the lower area of the respective wing is located below the floor within a recess (5). The recess (5) is closed at the top by a cover (15), so that the full passage width of the door can be maintained in this area when people enter. Within the cover (15) there is a slot (14) which is designed in the shape of a circular arc and extends over approximately 90 °.

Above the door leaves (1) and (16) there is a cross strut (9), each arranged horizontally. These cross struts (9) are articulated at one end to the vertically arranged side rod (2) and at the other near the end region via the pin (12) to the drive means (13). The pin (12) is preferably pivotally mounted on a carriage (not shown in the drawings), the carriage experiencing a horizontal movement by the drive means (13). If the drive means (13) is now supplied with energy, the carriage is set in motion and the pin (12) moves the cross strut (9) with the side rod into the interior of the building and thus opens the door. These connections are all hinged together.

As shown in FIG. 2, the side bar (2) is connected with its end facing the door center and the cross struts (9) with the door leaves (1) and (16). This connection is made through a device achieved, which consists of a spring plate (10) which is connected to the cross strut (9). The spring plate (10) engages around the free end of the cross strut (9) and can thus be compressed in the direction of the door leaf. At the same time, a hook-shaped component (11) is mounted on each of the door leaves (1) and (16), which, in operative connection with the spring plate (10), represents a detachable connection of the door leaf with the cross strut (9). The hook-shaped component (11) is equipped with return spring means, not shown, which strive to maintain this operative connection in normal use and, in contrast, a mutual separation of the door leaves (1) and (16) from the cross struts (9) Allow a compressive force to act on the inside surface of the closed door.

Another detachable connection is shown in FIG. 8, where there is a magnetic armature plate (24) in the upper area on the door leaf (1) or (16), which has a permanent magnet (23) which is embedded in a holding arm (18) is cooperating. The holding arm (18) is attached to the cross strut (9) attached above the door leaves (1) and (16). This connection is also established in the normal case, ie during automatic operation, and can be released by applying a compressive force to the inside of the door leaves (1) and (16) when the holding force of the magnet (23) is overcome. Instead of the permanent magnet (23), an electromagnet, which is not shown in the drawings, can also be used. This electromagnet could also be switched off, for example, via a central control room in the event of danger, so that no great effort is required for the people fleeing the building to push the door leaves outwards.

In addition to the magnetic detachable connections, clip connections or inexpensive Velcro closures are also possible. These types of connection represent a cost alternative to the conventionally used connections. Because it is assumed that this connection is not normally released and is only used in the event of danger, it must also be assumed that this is a permanent, if necessary, releasable Connection.

In Figure 2 it is clearly shown that the pins (12), which represent the connection to the horizontal carriage, are on the cross struts (9). The drive means (13) are used to move the leaf either outwards or inwards or to open or close the door leaves in a known manner.

From a functional point of view it can be seen that when the pin (12) is moved laterally, caused by the carriage, a linear movement and thus via the cross strut (9) rotatably mounted on the pin (12) via the drive means (13) a combinable rotation -Sliding movement of the door leaves (1) and (16) is initiated. The side bar (2) is forced to follow the course defined by the slot (14) within the cover (15).

When the carriage has reached its straight, maximum lateral displacement with the pin (12), the open position of the door leaves, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, has been reached. In this position, the cross strut (9) will be arranged laterally, ie in a position which is arranged perpendicular to the previously assumed position, namely parallel to the supporting structure (8). This is made possible by the fact that both the door leaves (1) and (16) and the cross strut (9) are jointly connected to the rod (2). The opposite Movements towards the center of the door, which are also carried out by the pins (12), are able to bring the leaves (1) and (16) into a position which is arranged perpendicular to the supporting structure (8). This movement returns the door to the closed position.

In an embodiment of the object according to the invention, it is also possible not to use the lateral rods (2) and instead to create a vertical axis of rotation which is supported in the area of the block-like components (3), i.e. at the end of the door leaf (1) and (16) near the supporting structure. This measure would not affect the overall appearance of the two-leaf door in terms of appearance, because the vertical axis of rotation can be moved inward in the area of the frame. Otherwise the function is the same as in the example already described. In this case, the end pieces (21) would have to be mounted on the vertical axis of rotation.

If you do not want to use a straight-line drive in the door system shown, it is also possible to omit the pin (12) on the cross strut (9) and to let the drive means engage at point (17). In this case, however, it is necessary that there is a fixed angle (7) between the end pieces (21) and the cross strut (9), i.e. the end piece (21) is non-positively and positively connected to the cross strut (9). It would be the case that a forced movement would be carried out by the rotary movement, which is given by the recess (14) in the cover (15). The attachment via a releasable connection of the door leaves (1) and (16) on the cross strut (9) would be retained.

In addition to an automatic opening of the doors, as described above, there is also an opening process the door possible by hand. This opening process can be carried out quickly and safely, which is particularly advantageous in emergencies which require an immediate exit from the room which is closed by the door according to the invention.

This is made possible by the object according to the invention via the detachable connection and thus special attachment between the cross strut (9) and the door leaves (1) and (16).

In Figure 7 it is shown that when the door leaves (1) and (16) are released via the hook-shaped component (11) from the cross strut (9), the door leaves (1) and (16) freely about the vertical axis of rotation or the lateral one Rod (2) are pivotable. This is possible because the connection of the door leaves (1) and (16) via the block-like components (3) are rotatably mounted, thus the door leaves (1) and (16) can be opened to the outside like a normal door with a stop. The people inside the room can therefore leave the room and the door can be used as an escape and rescue route door.

It must also be taken into account that, thanks to the special embodiment and releasable connection of the cross strut (9) to the door leaves (1) and (16), automatic reinsertion between the cross strut (9) and the door leaves (1) and (16) it is given that the control electronics moves the cross strut (9) outwards, ie brings them into the open position, and thus the door leaves (1) and (16) are automatically attached to the cross strut via the detachable connection. This clearly shows the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 7, where the individual phases of opening the door are shown. The approach of the cross strut (9) to the door leaves (1) and (16) causes the spring plate (10) and the hook-shaped component (11) to get caught Door leaves are again connected to the drive means (13). There are means on the cross strut (9) which are able to report the operating state of the door of the control electronics. This can be, for example, an electrical switch, such as a reed contact or microswitch, or else a contactless sensor. If the cross strut (9) is coupled to the door leaf (1) or (16), this is communicated to the control electronics as normal operation. If, however, the door leaf (1) or (16) is removed from the cross strut (9) due to the manual pivoting open, the electrical switch or sensor reports this to the control electronics, which in turn is responsible for ensuring that the motor drive is started , and the cross strut (9) thus moves outwards until it reaches the position in which the door leaves (1) and (16) come back into engagement with the cross strut (9). After the latching or magnetic coupling has taken place, the door goes into a normal opening position and then moves back into the closed position.

The object of the invention thus makes it clear that a door has been created for escape and rescue routes, which ensures particularly robust and reliable operability.

Claims (10)

1. A door, more particularly a two-leaf door, with movable leaves (1, 16) equipped with means for the leaves (1, 16) to perform a combined translational and rotational movement about a vertical axis during the opening and closing process, whereas the vertical axis is situated at the outer edge of the leaves (1, 16) near the structure (8) supporting them, the door leaves (1, 16) are mounted for rotation top and bottom in the region of the rotational axis by means of components (3) in the form of blocks from each of which there extends a bent-off retaining arm (21) mounted rotatably in pivots (4, 6), characterised in that the two door leaves (1, 16) are each pivotally connected for rotation to a vertical rod (2) at their outer edges in the region of the rotational axis and the vertical ends of the rod (2) are bent off horizontally to a form a C-shaped structure, and the ends are articulated in the pivots (4, 6) of the door supporting structure (8) and traverse struts (9) articulated in the region of the rotational axis are provided one on each of the door leaves (1, 16) in the top region at the horizontal sides and a releasable connection is provided at the transverse struts (9) and/or the door leaves (1, 16) which is released by pressure on the door leaves (1, 16) in the outward direction and the door leaves (1, 16) can thus be swung out.
2. A door according to claim 1, characterised in that the releasable connection is a permanent magnet (23) having an armature plate (24) consisting of a ferromagnetic material.
3. A door according to claim 1, characterised in that the releasable connection is a switchable electromagnet with an armature plate (24) consisting of a ferromagnetic material.
4. A door according to claim 1, characterised in that the releasable connection is a locking clip connection.
5. A door according to claim 1, characterised in that the releasable connection is a hook and loop fastener.
6. A door according to claim 1, characterised in that the releasable connection is secured by way of the transverse struts (9) to the leaves (1, 16) at its inner end via an elastic plate (10) which is connectable to the leaves (1, 16) and encloses its inner edge and is adapted to be pressed against the edge and a hook-shaped component (11) is engageable at the elastic plate (10) and is articulated on the leaves (1, 16) and is provided with spring means whereby such engagement is maintained during normal operation and mutual disengagement of the two components is possible in response to a strong push acting, when the door is closed, on the leaves (1, 16) at their inwardly directed room surface.
7. A door according to claim 1, characterised in that the transverse struts (9) are provided with means which signal the state of the operation of the door leaves (1, 16).
8. A door according to claim 7, characterised in that the means signalling the state of operation are electrical switches.
9. A door according to claim 7, characterised in that the means signalling the state of operation are contactless sensors.
10. A door according to claims 1 to 5 and 7, characterised in that the means for signalling the state of operation signal the release of the connection between the transverse struts (9) and the door leaves (1, 16) to the control electronics and the latter trigger an automatic reset operation which brings the door leaves (1, 16) back into contact with the transverse struts (9).

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