EP0552125B1 - Doppelrollen Stranggiessanlage mit feuerfesten Seitenwänden - Google Patents
Doppelrollen Stranggiessanlage mit feuerfesten Seitenwänden Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0552125B1 EP0552125B1 EP93470003A EP93470003A EP0552125B1 EP 0552125 B1 EP0552125 B1 EP 0552125B1 EP 93470003 A EP93470003 A EP 93470003A EP 93470003 A EP93470003 A EP 93470003A EP 0552125 B1 EP0552125 B1 EP 0552125B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- refractory material
- rolls
- cylinders
- casting
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0637—Accessories therefor
- B22D11/0648—Casting surfaces
- B22D11/066—Side dams
Definitions
- the invention relates to a continuous casting device between cylinders having side walls made of refractory materials.
- the liquid metal is poured into a pouring space defined by the portions of the walls of the cylinders situated above a plane passing through the parallel axes of these cylinders and by fixed end side walls called small faces bearing on the axial ends of the cylinders.
- the small faces must be designed to meet two requirements which may prove to be contradictory.
- the seal between the fixed metal parts and the movable cylinders is difficult to achieve, due to the complex shape of the contact surface between the metal parts and the cylinders.
- liquid metal may infiltrate between the cylinders and the metal sealing parts, in the event that the cylinders separate from one another.
- each of the small faces in the form of a plate comprising two lateral support parts each coming into leaktight contact with an axial end part of a cylinder. Between the two lateral support parts, the plate has a recess defined by the edges of the bearing surfaces having a certain depth in the axial direction of the cylinders.
- a piece of insulating refractory material having a front surface intended to come into contact with the liquid metal , which is set back inside the recess. In this way, the liquid metal enters the interior of the recess and comes into contact with the front face of the insulating part.
- the liquid metal which solidifies progressively on contact with the cooled cylindrical walls of the cylinders forms solidified skins which are entrained by the rotating cylinders and join at the neck of the casting space, that is to say ie at the level of the portion of the minimum width casting space situated at the plane passing through the axes of the cylinders.
- the solidified skins extend inside the recess of the plate constituting the side wall of the casting space, up to the vicinity of the front face.
- the solidified skins thus cover the junction zones between the cylinders and the fixed side wall and prevent the infiltration of liquid metal contained in the casting space.
- the hollowed-out plate is generally produced in the form of a metal plate which must be cooled, so that the structure of the wall is relatively complex and that solidification of the liquid metal can occur in the vicinity of the side walls, despite the presence of the insulating part inside the recess. Satisfactory operation of the casting device requires moreover, the presence of skins solidified in contact with said plate, in the entry part of the recess.
- the object of the invention is therefore to propose a device for the continuous casting of a metal product comprising two cylinders with counter-rotating parallel axes defining between them and with two fixed side walls bearing on the axial ends of the cylinders, a casting space d 'a molten metal each of the side walls comprising two lateral parts having substantially flat lateral bearing surfaces each in sealed contact with an outer edge of an axial end of one of the cylinders and a recess of a certain depth in the axial direction of the cylinders delimited by the lateral parts and an element of a first refractory material disposed at least partially inside the recess and having a front face directed towards the inside of the casting space, this device simple construction to avoid any leakage of liquid metal between the cylinders and the side walls and any solidification of liquid metal in contact with the side walls, while ensuring easy extraction of the metal product during casting.
- said side parts are made of a second refractory material having properties of resistance to erosion and corrosion by the metal being cast and a compactness and hardness greater than the compactness and hardness of the first refractory material and the first refractory material is a thermal insulator undergoing erosion of the metal during casting.
- the element constituted by the first refractory material comprises, in the non-eroded state at least, at the start of casting, a part projecting relative to the lateral bearing surfaces, penetrating into the casting space.
- the second refractory material is a material having good mechanical resistance, resistance to corrosion by cast metal, and sliding with respect to the edges of the cylinders, such as alumina, graphite alumina, vitreous silica or nitrides: AlN, Si 3 N 4 , SiAlON.
- the side parts made of this second refractory material can also be slightly eroded by the edges of the cylinders with which they are in contact, so as to maintain throughout the casting a good seal between cylinders and side walls.
- the lateral parts project radially from the periphery of the cylinders so as to be in contact with the edges of the metal skins being solidified in contact with the cooled walls of the cylinders.
- This arrangement makes it possible to avoid excessively rapid wear of the area of the side wall in contact with the cast metal, since it has been observed that this wear occurs mainly near the walls of the cylinders, where the metal is already at least partially solidified, while towards the center of this zone, where the cast metal remains liquid thanks to the thermal insulation properties of the first refractory material, wear is reduced.
- the second refractory material also has good resistance characteristics to thermal shock, because it is in contact on the one hand with the metal cast at high temperature, and on the other hand with the edges of the cooled cylinders.
- the first refractory material is a fibrous material constituted for example by alumina fibers impregnated with gel and zirconia.
- the element constituted by the first refractory material can be glued inside the recess, the latter being produced in a plate constituting with the lateral parts a monobloc piece of second refractory material.
- the second refractory material can also be a product which can be molded directly into the recess, for example an insulating refractory concrete, for example having a coefficient of thermal conductivity of 2 W / m ° K, for example a silico-aluminous concrete at around 40% silica and 40% alumina.
- Figure 1 is a partial schematic view in side elevation and in section of a continuous casting device according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a partial top view along 2 of FIG. 1.
- Figure 3 is a sectional view through a horizontal plane along 3-3 of Figure 1.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view through a horizontal plane along 4-4 of FIG. 1.
- Figure 5 is a view similar to that of Figure 3 in the case of an alternative embodiment.
- Figure 6 is a sectional view of a side wall in a second embodiment.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 we see the continuous casting device between cylinders generally designated by the reference 1 and which comprises two cylinders 2 and 3 having horizontal and parallel axes 4 and 5.
- the cylinders 2 and 3 are rotatably mounted around their axes 4 and 5 and rotate in opposite directions during the casting.
- the cylinders 2 and 3 are arranged with a certain spacing corresponding to the thickness of the product to be cast, which can for example be a metal sheet whose thickness is less than 10 mm and preferably between 3 and 6 mm.
- the cylinders 2 and 3 define, between their lateral facing surfaces, a casting space whose width decreases from top to bottom, to reach a minimum corresponding to the spacing of the cylinders, at the level of the neck 7 of the pouring space, in the horizontal plane 6 containing the axes 4 and 5 of the cylinders 2 and 3.
- the casting space located between cylinders 2 and 3 is delimited at its ends, in the axial direction of cylinders 2 and 3, by side walls 8 and 9 called also small faces, held in abutment on external peripheral parts 10 and 11 of the cylinders 2 and 3 constituted by ferrules made of a material which is a good conductor of heat such as copper.
- the casting rolls 2 and 3 comprise a steel core covered by a copper ferrule which is internally cooled by the circulation of a cooling fluid.
- liquid metal 12 is introduced into the casting space delimited by the lateral surfaces of the cylinders 2 and 3 in their part situated above the horizontal plane 6 and by the small faces 8 and 9.
- Solidified skins are formed in contact with the external surface of the cooled ferrules 10 and 11 and are displaced by the cylinders 2 and 3 towards the neck 7 of the casting space.
- the solidified skins gradually thicken during their movement and meet at the neck 7 to form the cast strip 12 'which is extracted below the cylinders 2 and 3.
- the side walls 8 and 9 which, in the case of the invention are uncooled walls consisting mainly of non-metallic refractory materials.
- the side wall 9 or small face as shown in FIG. 2 comprises a support 14 made of steel inside which the wall itself is fixed, by means of fixing means 15.
- the support 14 which has not been shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 makes it possible to maintain and support the small face against the end parts of the ferrules 10 and 11 of the cylinders 2 and 3.
- the side walls such as 8 are constituted by a plate 16 made of a non-metallic refractory material, the general shape of which having two edges in the form of a semicircle is visible in the figure. 1.
- the plate 16 has a flat outer face against which is attached a safety plate of refractory steel 17 whose general shape is identical to the shape of the plate 16 of refractory material.
- the plate 17 makes it possible to avoid an exit of liquid metal contained in the casting space 19 delimited by the ferrules 10 and 11 and by the small faces 8 and 9.
- the arc-shaped edges of the plate 16 are chamfered and inclined inwards and the internal surface of the plate 16 is machined to form two lateral parts 16a, 16b having flat bearing surfaces 20 and 20 'of annular shape separated by a central recess 21.
- the bearing surfaces 20 and 20 ′ are delimited inwards by two arcs of a circle constituting the edges of the cavity 21 and have the shape of ring portions overlapping on the annular end parts of the ferrules 10 and 11.
- An element 22 made of a refractory material different from the material constituting the plate 16 is fixed inside the cavity 21 and constitutes, by its internal face, a front wall of the casting space 19.
- the thickness of the element 22 is such that this element has a part projecting towards the inside of the casting space 19, with respect to the bearing surfaces 20 and 20 '.
- the refractory material constituting the plate 16 has a high compactness and hardness, so that the flat faces 20 and 20 ′ coming into frictional contact with the ends of the copper ferrules 10 and 11 can be produced with a very good surface condition, which makes it possible to obtain a good seal against liquid metal, in the contact zone. In addition, the wear of the plate 16 by friction against the ferrules 10 and 11 is reduced due to the high hardness of the plate 16.
- the plate 16 will be made of vitreous silica, this material having, in addition to its hardness, satisfactory mechanical and thermal resistance properties.
- the refractory material constituting the element 22, the internal surface of which comes into contact with the liquid metal preferably consists of a fibrous material.
- This fibrous refractory material has a compactness, a hardness and a thermal conductivity very much lower than that of the material constituting the plate 16.
- the plate 16 has a hardness sufficient to resist erosion by the metal during casting, in the case of direct contact between this material and the surface of the plate 16.
- the material constituting the element 22 has a relatively low hardness and can undergo erosion by the metal contained in the casting space 19 which is partially solidified and which is moved up and down by the cylinders 3 and 3, in the casting space 19.
- the refractory material constituting the element 22 is also a very good insulator, so that the cooling and solidification of the liquid metal in contact with the side wall are limited.
- this refractory material is produced in fibrous form and can be made of alumina fibers impregnated with zirconia gel.
- alumina fibers impregnated with zirconia gel Such a product is marketed under the name of PROCELIT or PROCAL.
- the element 22 is, at least during a start-up period of the casting, in projecting from the contact surfaces 20 and 20 ', inside the casting space 19, the liquid metal present in the casting space 19 cannot infiltrate between the side walls and the end parts cylinder ferrules.
- the material of the element 22 is liable to be eroded by the cast metal moving in the space 19. This erosion generally results in the formation inside the element 22, in its central part, at the start of casting, of a cavity or channel directed vertically of a certain depth.
- liquid metal is capable of solidifying inside this cavity, along the entire length of the upper part of the wall up to the neck 7.
- This solidified but not hardened metal allows to protect the element 22 against subsequent wear and constitutes a sort of guide rail for the metal product during casting.
- the metal solidified inside the element 22 is generally designated as autocreuset; the formation of such an autocreuset is known in the case of the use of side walls of a different type from that which has just been described but which also comprises a part made of soft refractory material.
- the sealing of the contact between the surfaces 20 and 20 'of the plate 16 and the ferrules is sufficient to avoid any leakage of liquid metal.
- the plate 16 is also made of a material resistant to erosion by the cast metal.
- the liquid metal remains contained in the casting space by the safety wall 17 made of refractory steel.
- the lateral parts 16a and 16b project radially from the peripheral surfaces of the ferrules 10, 11 towards the inside of the casting space.
- the protruding parts 23a, 23b are in contact with the edge of the solidified skins of the cast metal during solidification.
- the refractory material constituting these parts 23a, 23b is much more resistant to wear than the material constituting the element 22, this results in significantly less wear of the small face, since this wear tends to occur mainly near cylinders.
- the material constituting the plate 16, the lateral parts 16a, 16b, and the protruding parts 23a, 23b is a refractory material having good characteristics of mechanical resistance, resistance to corrosion by cast metal, resistance to thermal shocks, and slip in contact with the ferrules, such as alumina, graphitized alumina, vitreous silica, nitrides (AlN, Si 3 N 4 , SiAlON), or a composition of two or more of these materials.
- This material may be slightly erodible by the songs of the ferrules in order to keep a good sealing between the cylinders and the small faces throughout the casting.
- the erosion rate which will depend on the nature and roughness of the surfaces in contact, the speed of rotation of the cylinders, the pressure applied to the small faces, and the temperature, can be of the order of 0.1 mm / minute, or approximately 0.1 mm per tonne of metal cast.
- the casting device according to the invention has the advantage that the small faces ensure good contact with the end parts of the cylinders and a very good seal in the casting space.
- the device also makes it possible to limit cooling by the small faces due to the use of an element made of insulating refractory material in contact with the liquid metal.
- the thermal regime of the casting space is faster.
- the small faces of the device according to the invention will also have an increased service life due to the use of two refractory materials having different properties and adapted to the contradictory requirements relating to the small faces of a continuous casting device between cylinders.
- the small faces of the continuous casting device according to the invention have a reduced cost and can be mounted more easily and more quickly.
- the refractory material constituting the plate coming into frictional contact with the ferrules of the cylinders can be constituted by any vitreous or ceramic material having sufficient hardness, resistance to wear, mechanical resistance and thermal resistance.
- the refractory material constituting the element internal to the casting space can be constituted by a material different from a fibrous refractory material. It is possible, for example, to use a concrete of refractory material with a cellular structure.
- This internal element added in the recess of the plate of refractory material can be fixed by other means than gluing.
- the plate of refractory material may include bearing surfaces and a cavity having shapes different from those which have been described and shown.
- each side wall 8, 9 comprises a housing 30, for example metal, in which is placed a bottom plate 31, inserts 32a, 32b, corresponding to the side portions 16a, 16b of the embodiment described above, placed against the bottom plate 31 and against the sides 30 'of the housing, and an element 33 of refractory insulating material placed against the bottom plate 31, between the inserts 32a, 32b.
- the material constituting the element 33 is an insulating refractory concrete, cast or sprayed in place after positioning the inserts 32a, 32b, and which ensures the maintenance thereof by adhesion.
- the inserts 32a, 32b are preferably made of a ceramic type material, for example nitrides (AlN, Si 3 N 4 , SiAlON, etc.).
- the bottom plate 31 can be made either of silica or of a refractory concrete, of the same type as that used for the central element 33, or again of ceramic material of the same type as that used for the inserts 32a, 32b.
- notches 34 are provided in the inserts 32a, 32b, into which the concrete of the element 33 penetrates when it is poured and then anchors there.
- anchoring means 35 are provided, linked to the bottom of the housing 30, passing through the bottom plate 31, and having their end embedded in the concrete of the element 33.
- the housing 30 serves in particular as a mold for positioning and maintaining the various refractory elements during the manufacture of the side wall.
- the steel plate 17 gives the assembly additional mechanical resistance and serves as a means of transmitting the pressure force exerted on the side wall, in the direction of the cylinders, by elastic means 36.
- the device according to the invention can be used not only for the continuous casting of thin metal strips but also for the casting of other metallic products.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Special Wing (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
Claims (12)
- Vorrichtung zum Stranggießen eines Produkts aus Metall, umfassend zwei gegenläufig rotierende Walzen (2, 3) mit parallelen Achsen, die zwischen sich und mit zwei festen, gegen die axialen Enden der Walzen (2, 3) anliegenden Seitenwänden (8, 9) einen Raum (19) zum Gießen eines geschmolzenen Metalls bilden, wobei jede der Seitenwände (8, 9) zwei Seitenabschnitte (16a, 16b, 32a, 32b), die im wesentlichen ebene seitliche Auflageflächen (20, 20') in jeweils dichtem Kontakt mit einem äußeren Rand (10, 11) eines axialen Endes einer der Walzen (2, 3) aufweisen, und eine Aussparung (21) mit einer bestimmten Tiefe in der axialen Richtung der Walzen (2, 3), die durch die Seitenabschnitte und ein Element (22, 33) aus einem ersten feuerfesten Material, welches zumindest teilweise im Inneren der Aussparung (21) angeordnet ist und eine in das Innere der Aussparung des Gießraums (19) gerichtete Stirnfläche aufweist, begrenzt wird, umfaßt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Seitenabschnitte (16a, 16b, 32a, 32b) aus einem zweiten feuerfesten Material bestehen, welches während des Gießvorgangs widerstandsfähig gegenüber der Erosion und der Korrosion durch das Metall ist und eine Festigkeit und Härte aufweist, die größer ist als die Festigkeit und die Härte des ersten Materials, und daß das erste Material ein thermischer Isolator ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das aus dem ersten feuerfesten Material bestehende Element zumindest im nicht erodierten Zustand zu Beginn des Gießvorgangs einen bezüglich der Auflageflächen (20, 20') hervorstehenden Abschnitt aufweist, der in den Gießraum (19) zwischen den Seitenflächen der Walzen (2, 3) hineinragt.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zweite feuerfeste Material entweder aus Quarzglas, Aluminiumoxid, graphitiertem Aluminiumoxid oder Graphit- oder Aluminiumnitriden oder einer Kombination dieser Materialien besteht.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erste Material ein faserhaltiges feuerfestes Material oder ein isolierender feuerfester Beton ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erste feuerfeste Material mit Zirkonoxid imprägnierte Aluminiumoxidfasern enthält.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Element (22) aus einem ersten feuerfesten Material im Inneren der Aussparung (21) verklebt ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede der Seitenwände (8, 9) einen äußeren Abschnitt, der aus einer Platte (17) aus feuerfestem Stahl besteht, welche auf der entgegengesetzten Seite an den Gießraum angebaut ist, und Mittel zum Ausüben einer zu den Walzen hin gerichteten Druckeinwirkung der Seitenwände mittels dieser Platte umfaßt.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Seitenabschnitte (16a, 16b, 32a, 32b) radial aus dem Umfang der Walzen hervorragen.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Seitenwand ein Gehäuse (30) umfaßt, in dem eine Bodenplatte (31) angeordnet ist, die Seitenwände durch auf der Bodenplatte (31) und gegen die Seitenwände (30') des Gehäuses (30) anliegende Einsätze (32a, 32b) gebildet werden, und das Element (33) aus thermisch isolierendem Material auf der Bodenplatte (31) aufliegend zwischen den Einsätzen (32a, 32b) angeordnet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material des Elements (33) ein nach der Positionierung der Einsätze an Ort und Stelle gegossener Beton ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 9 oder 10, gekennzeichnet durch Mittel (34, 35) zum Verankern des Elements (33).
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einsätze aus Nitriden von Aluminiumoxid oder Silizium bestehen.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9200504 | 1992-01-17 | ||
FR9200504A FR2686278A1 (fr) | 1992-01-17 | 1992-01-17 | Dispositif de coulee continue entre cylindres comportant des parois laterales en materiaux refractaires. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0552125A1 EP0552125A1 (de) | 1993-07-21 |
EP0552125B1 true EP0552125B1 (de) | 1997-05-14 |
Family
ID=9425751
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93470003A Expired - Lifetime EP0552125B1 (de) | 1992-01-17 | 1993-01-12 | Doppelrollen Stranggiessanlage mit feuerfesten Seitenwänden |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0552125B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE152939T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE69310555T2 (de) |
DK (1) | DK0552125T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2102631T3 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2686278A1 (de) |
GR (1) | GR3023925T3 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2765504B1 (fr) * | 1997-07-04 | 1999-08-20 | Usinor | Face laterale d'obturation de l'espace de coulee d'une installation de coulee continue entre cylindres de bandes minces metalliques |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS60162557A (ja) * | 1984-02-03 | 1985-08-24 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 薄板連続鋳造装置 |
JPS6133736A (ja) * | 1984-07-25 | 1986-02-17 | Nippon Steel Corp | 双ロ−ル型鋳造圧延機における短辺堰のバツクアツプ装置 |
JPS61129260A (ja) * | 1984-11-27 | 1986-06-17 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 同期式連続鋳造機 |
FR2636259B1 (fr) * | 1988-09-14 | 1994-03-11 | Irsid | Paroi laterale pour une installation de coulee continue entre parois mobiles et installation comportant cette paroi |
JPH03114631A (ja) * | 1989-09-28 | 1991-05-15 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 薄鋳片連続鋳造用鋳型に用いる短辺側板の組立方法 |
FR2655577B1 (fr) * | 1989-12-07 | 1992-01-24 | Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech | Installation de coulee continue de produits metalliques minces entre deux cylindres. |
FR2656550A1 (fr) * | 1989-12-29 | 1991-07-05 | Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech | Dispositif de coulee continue de metal liquide en bandes minces entre deux cylindres. |
FR2666256B1 (fr) * | 1990-09-03 | 1992-10-16 | Usinor Sacilor | Installation de coulee continue entre cylindres. |
-
1992
- 1992-01-17 FR FR9200504A patent/FR2686278A1/fr active Granted
-
1993
- 1993-01-12 ES ES93470003T patent/ES2102631T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-01-12 AT AT93470003T patent/ATE152939T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-01-12 DK DK93470003.0T patent/DK0552125T3/da active
- 1993-01-12 EP EP93470003A patent/EP0552125B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-01-12 DE DE69310555T patent/DE69310555T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-01-15 DE DE4300944A patent/DE4300944A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-06-27 GR GR970401573T patent/GR3023925T3/el unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0552125A1 (de) | 1993-07-21 |
FR2686278B1 (de) | 1994-04-22 |
DE69310555T2 (de) | 1997-11-13 |
DE69310555D1 (de) | 1997-06-19 |
ES2102631T3 (es) | 1997-08-01 |
FR2686278A1 (fr) | 1993-07-23 |
DK0552125T3 (da) | 1997-12-15 |
DE4300944A1 (de) | 1993-07-22 |
GR3023925T3 (en) | 1997-09-30 |
ATE152939T1 (de) | 1997-05-15 |
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FR2504830A1 (fr) | Moule de coulee avec canal de remplissage pour la coulee de metaux, notamment coulee a basse pression |
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