EP0529042B1 - Premix gas burner - Google Patents
Premix gas burner Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0529042B1 EP0529042B1 EP92906615A EP92906615A EP0529042B1 EP 0529042 B1 EP0529042 B1 EP 0529042B1 EP 92906615 A EP92906615 A EP 92906615A EP 92906615 A EP92906615 A EP 92906615A EP 0529042 B1 EP0529042 B1 EP 0529042B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- burner
- mixture
- gas jet
- outlets
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000973497 Siphonognathus argyrophanes Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
- F23D14/04—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
- F23D14/64—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes with injectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
- F23N3/04—Regulating air supply or draught by operation of single valves or dampers by temperature sensitive elements
- F23N3/047—Regulating air supply or draught by operation of single valves or dampers by temperature sensitive elements using mechanical means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
- F23D2900/14—Special features of gas burners
- F23D2900/14642—Special features of gas burners with jet mixers with more than one gas injection nozzles or orifices for a single mixing tube
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2225/00—Measuring
- F23N2225/08—Measuring temperature
- F23N2225/16—Measuring temperature burner temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
- F23N2235/02—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers
- F23N2235/06—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers at the air intake
Definitions
- the invention relates to a premix gas burner according to the preamble of the independent claim.
- premix gas burners are known in a variety of atmospherically operated versions, that is to say the gas (natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas or town gas) is supplied through a nozzle under pre-pressure, and the air is entrained by the gas jet pulse via the gap between the gas nozzle and the inlet of the mixing tube and mixed in.
- gas natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas or town gas
- the aim of the invention is to avoid these disadvantages and to propose a burner of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the flame front remains largely constant over the entire surface of the burner chamber.
- the burner tube is covered with a cap above the mouth of the mixing tube, the inlets of which are arranged to the side of the projection of the mixing tube.
- the cap is provided with mixture outlet openings at which flames form. The size and spacing of these mixture outlet openings correspond to those of the rest of the burner tube.
- an atmospheric gas burner is known from GB-OS 05 21 05 026, the mixture outlet openings of which in the area of the mixing tube mouths have a different distribution on the top of the burner chamber than in the other areas. This results in an uneven flame front.
- the invention provides that the outlet cross section of each mixture outlet opening and the total cross section of all mixture outlet openings in the region of the projection of the mixing tubes onto the top of the burner chamber is smaller than in the rest of the region.
- This configuration ensures that the outlet resistance for the gas / primary air mixture is increased in the extension of the axes of the mixing tubes, so that less gas / primary air mixture emerges here than in the other areas which are not hit directly by the gas / primary air jet. In this way, the flame formation is evened out over the entire surface of the burner chamber and, as a result, the emission of pollutants is reduced.
- An atmospheric gas burner for a boiler has a burner chamber 1 which has an approximately prismatic shape. On its top 2, the burner chamber 1 has a plurality of mixture outlet openings in the form of slots 3 and holes 4.
- a mixing tube unit 5 which has individual mixing tubes 6, the mixing tubes 6 each being impressed in half in two sheet metal shells.
- the inlets 7 of the mixing tubes 6 are aligned with gas nozzles 8, all gas nozzles 8 being supplied with natural gas, city gas or liquid gas from a gas line.
- Air is entrained under the injection effect of the gas jet from a gap 9 between the gas nozzle 8 and the inlet 7, so that a gas / primary air mixture forms in the interior of the mixing tubes 6 and is fed to the underside 10 of the burner chamber 1 and thus to the interior of the burner chamber.
- FIG. 2 It can be seen in FIG. 2 that there are three hole areas 11 and four slot areas 12.
- a hole area 11 is arranged where the projection of a Mixing tube 6 on the top 2 of the burner chamber 1 results, optionally with a more or less enlarged environment. This can be seen from FIG. 2 because part of the top of the combustion chamber 1 is cut away. It is thus also understandable that the three mixing tubes 6 according to FIG. 1 lying in one plane are opposite three hole regions 11 according to FIG. 2. In the perforated areas 11, the exit of the gas-primary air mixture through the top 2 of the combustion chamber 1 is braked strongly, so that due to the relatively small diameter of the holes, only a small amount of gas-primary air mixture passes through the top 2 of the burner chamber 1.
- the gas burns -Air mixture here with a relatively small flame.
- the flow resistance for the gas-air mixture is considerably lower, on the other hand these areas are not directly opposite the blow-out area of the individual mixing tubes 6, so that the gas primary air pressure is lower here, due to the enlarged outlet cross sections of the mixture outlet openings 3
- flames then emerge here at a height which is equal to the height which occurs directly in the extension of the axes 13 of the mixing tubes at the mixture outlet openings 4 which are reduced there.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 A detail of the upper side 2 of the burner chamber 1 is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. It can be seen that the slot 3 is located in the region of an elevation 14 which projects beyond the other surface of the upper side 2.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Gas Burners (AREA)
- Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Vormischgasbrenner gemäß dem Oberbegriff des unabhängigen Patentanspruches.The invention relates to a premix gas burner according to the preamble of the independent claim.
Solche Vormischgasbrenner sind in einer Vielzahl von atmosphärisch betriebenen Ausführungen bekannt, das heißt, das Gas (Erdgas, Flüssiggas oder Stadtgas) wird durch eine Düse unter Vordruck zugeführt, und die Luft wird über den Spalt zwischen Gasdüse und Eingang des Mischrohres durch den Gasstrahlimpuls mitgerissen und eingemischt.Such premix gas burners are known in a variety of atmospherically operated versions, that is to say the gas (natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas or town gas) is supplied through a nozzle under pre-pressure, and the air is entrained by the gas jet pulse via the gap between the gas nozzle and the inlet of the mixing tube and mixed in.
Bei steigenden Anforderungen an Flammenstabilität und Schadstoffarmut besteht das Erfordernis, die Höhe der Brennerflammen über die gesamte Oberfläche der Brennerkammer zu vergleichmäßigen.With increasing demands on flame stability and low pollution, there is a need to even out the height of the burner flames over the entire surface of the burner chamber.
Ziel der Erfindung ist es, diese Nachteile zu vermeiden und einen Brenner der eingangs erwähnten Art vorzuschlagen, bei dem die Flammenfront über die gesamte Oberfläche der Brennerkammer weitgehend konstant bleibt.The aim of the invention is to avoid these disadvantages and to propose a burner of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the flame front remains largely constant over the entire surface of the burner chamber.
Bei Vormischgasbrennern tritt jedoch die Schwierigkeit auf, daß bei einer über die gesamte Oberfläche der Brennerkammer gleichbleibenden Anordnung der Gemischaustrittsöffnungen sich auf diesen Flammen bilden, die in dem Bereich der Verlängerungen der Mischrohre größer sind als in den übrigen Bereichen, und zwar begründet durch die Tatsache, daß hier der Gas-Primärluftstrahl aus dem Mischrohr unter höherem Druck unmittelbar an den Gemischaustrittsöffnungen ansteht.With premix gas burners, however, the difficulty arises that if the mixture outlet openings are arranged uniformly over the entire surface of the burner chamber, flames will form on the flames, which are larger in the area of the extensions of the mixing tubes than in the other areas, due to the fact that that the gas primary air jet from the mixing tube is present at higher pressure directly at the mixture outlet openings.
Bei einem in der AT-PS 181 403 beschriebenen Gasbrenner ist das Brennerrohr oberhalb der Einmündung des Mischrohres mit einer Kappe überdacht, deren Einlässe seitlich der Projektion des Mischrohres angeordnet sind. Die Kappe ist mit Gemischaustrittsöffnungen, an denen sich Flammen bilden, versehen. Diese Gemischaustrittsöffnungen entsprechen in Größe und Abstand denen des übrigen Brennerrohres. Nachteilig ist hierbei neben dem komplizierten Aufbau - insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit Gasdichtheit zwischen Kappe und Brennerrohr - vor allem die Bildung der Flammen an der Kappe und dem Brennerrohr in unterschiedlichen Höhenbereichen.In a gas burner described in AT-PS 181 403, the burner tube is covered with a cap above the mouth of the mixing tube, the inlets of which are arranged to the side of the projection of the mixing tube. The cap is provided with mixture outlet openings at which flames form. The size and spacing of these mixture outlet openings correspond to those of the rest of the burner tube. The disadvantage here, in addition to the complicated structure - especially in connection with gas tightness between the cap and the burner tube - is above all the formation of the flames on the cap and the burner tube at different height ranges.
Weiterhin ist aus der GB-OS 05 21 05 026 ein atmosphärischer Gasbrenner bekannt, dessen Gemischaustrittsöffnungen im Bereich der Mischrohreinmündungen eine andere Verteilung auf der Brennerkammeroberseite aufweisen als in den übrigen Bereichen. Dadurch ergibt sich eine ungleichmäßige Flammenfront. Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist nach der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß der Austrittsquerschnitt jeder Gemischaustrittsöffnung und der Gesamtquerschnitt aller Gemischaustrittsöffnungen im Bereich der Projektion der Mischrohre auf die Oberseite der Brennerkammer kleiner als im übrigen Bereich ist.Furthermore, an atmospheric gas burner is known from GB-OS 05 21 05 026, the mixture outlet openings of which in the area of the mixing tube mouths have a different distribution on the top of the burner chamber than in the other areas. This results in an uneven flame front. To achieve this object, the invention provides that the outlet cross section of each mixture outlet opening and the total cross section of all mixture outlet openings in the region of the projection of the mixing tubes onto the top of the burner chamber is smaller than in the rest of the region.
Durch diese Ausgestaltung wird erreicht, daß der Auslaßwiderstand für das Gas-Primärluftgemisch in der Verlängerung der Achsen der Mischrohre vergrößert ist, so daß hier weniger Gas-Primärluftgemisch austritt als in den übrigen Bereichen, die nicht direkt vom Gas-Primärluftstrahl getroffen werden. Auf diese Art und Weise gelingt eine Vergleichmäßigung des Flammenbildes über die gesamte Oberfläche der Brennerkammer und damit einhergehend auch einer Verminderung des Schadstoffausstoßes.This configuration ensures that the outlet resistance for the gas / primary air mixture is increased in the extension of the axes of the mixing tubes, so that less gas / primary air mixture emerges here than in the other areas which are not hit directly by the gas / primary air jet. In this way, the flame formation is evened out over the entire surface of the burner chamber and, as a result, the emission of pollutants is reduced.
Dabei können weiter die Merkmale der Ansprüche 2 und/oder 3 vorgesehen sein, wodurch eine weitere Verbesserung des Flammenbildes im Hinblick auf dessen Gleichmäßigkeit erreicht wird.The features of
Weitere Ausgestaltungen und vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung gehen aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels anhand der Zeichnung hervor.Further refinements and advantageous developments of the invention will become apparent from the following description of an embodiment with reference to the drawing.
Dabei zeigen:
Figur 1 eine Seitenansicht eines atmosphärischen Gasbrenners,Figur 2 eine Draufsicht auf eine Brennerkammer nach derFigur 1 und dieFiguren 3 und 4 Details der Oberseite der Brennerkammer.
- FIG. 1 shows a side view of an atmospheric gas burner,
- Figure 2 is a plan view of a burner chamber according to Figure 1 and
- Figures 3 and 4 details the top of the burner chamber.
Ein atmosphärischer Gasbrenner für einen Kessel weist eine Brennerkammer 1 auf, die etwa hochkantprismatische Gestalt besitzt. An ihrer Oberseite 2 weist die Brennerkammer 1 eine Vielzahl von Gemischaustrittsöffnungen in Form von Schlitzen 3 und Löchern 4 auf. Unterhalb der Brennerkammer 1 ist eine Mischrohreinheit 5 angeordnet, die einzelne Mischrohre 6 aufweist, wobei die Mischrohre 6 jeweils in zwei Blechschalen je zur Hälfte eingeprägt sind. Den Einlässen 7 der Mischrohre 6 stehen Gasdüsen 8 fluchtend gegenüber, wobei sämtliche Gasdüsen 8 aus einer Gasleitung mit Erd-, Stadt- oder Flüssiggas gespeist sind. Aus einem Spalt 9 zwischen Gasdüse 8 und Einlaß 7 wird unter der Injektionswirkung des Gasstrahles Luft mitgerissen, so daß sich im Inneren der Mischrohre 6 ein Gas-Primärluftgemisch bildet, das der Unterseite 10 der Brennerkammer 1 und damit dem Innenraum der Brennerkammer zugeführt wird.An atmospheric gas burner for a boiler has a
In der Figur 2 ist ersichtlich, daß sich drei Lochbereiche 11 und vier Schlitzbereiche 12 ergeben. Jeweils ein Lochbereich 11 ist dort angeordnet, wo sich die Projektion eines Mischrohres 6 auf die Oberseite 2 der Brennerkammer 1 ergibt, gegebenenfalls mit einem mehr oder weniger vergrößerten Umfeld. Dies ist aus der Figur 2 ersichtlich, weil ein Teil der Oberseite der Brennkammer 1 weggeschnitten ist. Damit ist auch verständlich, daß den drei in einer Ebene liegenden Mischrohren 6 gemäß Figur 1 drei Lochbereiche 11 gemäß Figur 2 gegenüberliegen. In den Lochbereichen 11 wird der Austritt des Gas-Primärluftgemisches durch die Oberseite 2 der Brennkammer 1 stark gebremst, somit tritt aufgrund der relativ kleinen Durchmesser der Löcher nur wenig Gas-Primärluftgemisch an dieser Stelle durch die Oberseite 2 der Brennerkammer 1. Infolgedessen brennt das Gas-Luft-Gemisch hier mit relativ kleiner Flamme. In den Schlitzbereichen 12 ist der Durchlaßwiderstand für das Gas-Luft-Gemisch erheblich kleiner, andererseits stehen diese Bereiche auch nicht direkt dem Ausblasbereich der einzelnen Mischrohre 6 gegenüber, so daß hier der Gas-Primärluftdruck kleiner ist, aufgrund der vergrößerten Austrittsquerschnitte der Gemischaustrittsöffnungen 3 bilden sich dann hier jedoch Flammen in einer Höhe aus, die gleich der Höhe ist, wie sie unmittelbar in der Verlängerung der Achsen 13 der Mischrohre bei den dort verkleinerten Gemischaustrittsöffnungen 4 auftreten.It can be seen in FIG. 2 that there are three
Gleichzeitig erhält man den Vorteil, daß die Flammen, die im Bereich 11 der Löcher 4 entstehen, als Haftflammen dienen.At the same time, one has the advantage that the flames that arise in the
In den Figuren 3 und 4 ist ein Detail der Oberseite 2 der Brennerkammer 1 gezeigt. Es ist ersichtlich, daß sich der Schlitz 3 im Bereich einer Erhebung 14 befindet, die über die sonstige Oberfläche der Oberseite 2 hinausragt.A detail of the
Claims (3)
- Premixing-type gas burner with at least one gas nozzle (8) provided on a conduit through which fuel gas flows, and at least one mixer tube (6) whose inlet portion (7), which is tapered towards the burner, is arranged at a certain distance from the said gas nozzle (8), provided in a system comprising at least one burner chamber (1) whose interior is supplied with a gas-air mixture through the said mixer tube (6) and whose top surface (2) is provided with mixture outlets (3; 4) where flames are formed, characterized in that the cross-sectional area of each mixture outlet (4) and the total cross-sectional area of all mixture outlets (4) in the range (11) of the projection of the mixer tubes (6) to the top surface (2) of the burner chamber (1) is smaller than in the other range (12).
- Premixing-type gas burner as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the fuel mixture outlets (4) in range (11) of the projection of the mixer tubes (6) have the form of holes (4) of circular cross-section, while the outlets in the other range (12) have the form of slots (3) of about rectangular configuration.
- Premixing-type gas burner as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each of the slot-shaped outlets (3) is provided on a raised section (14) on the top surface (2) of the burner chamber (1).
Applications Claiming Priority (19)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT0053491A AT398344B (en) | 1991-03-12 | 1991-03-12 | Premixing gas burner |
AT0053191A AT399568B (en) | 1991-03-12 | 1991-03-12 | Heating appliance |
AT0052991A AT398472B (en) | 1991-03-12 | 1991-03-12 | Premixing gas burner |
AT539/91 | 1991-03-12 | ||
AT0053091A AT395764B (en) | 1991-03-12 | 1991-03-12 | Premixing gas burner |
AT0053291A AT398343B (en) | 1991-03-12 | 1991-03-12 | Premixing gas burner |
AT529/91 | 1991-03-12 | ||
AT532/91 | 1991-03-12 | ||
AT0052891A AT398471B (en) | 1991-03-12 | 1991-03-12 | Premixing gas burner |
AT534/91 | 1991-03-12 | ||
AT530/91 | 1991-03-12 | ||
AT531/91 | 1991-03-12 | ||
AT0053991A AT398339B (en) | 1991-03-12 | 1991-03-12 | Atmospheric gas burner |
AT528/91 | 1991-03-12 | ||
DE9200782 | 1992-01-21 | ||
DE9200782U | 1992-01-21 | ||
DE9200851 | 1992-01-22 | ||
DE9200851U | 1992-01-22 | ||
PCT/DE1992/000208 WO1992016796A1 (en) | 1991-03-12 | 1992-03-07 | Premix gas burner |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0529042A1 EP0529042A1 (en) | 1993-03-03 |
EP0529042B1 true EP0529042B1 (en) | 1997-01-02 |
Family
ID=27575544
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92906615A Expired - Lifetime EP0529042B1 (en) | 1991-03-12 | 1992-03-07 | Premix gas burner |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0529042B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH05508469A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE147149T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE9203306U1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1992016796A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT401565B (en) * | 1994-11-28 | 1996-10-25 | Vaillant Gmbh | ATMOSPHERIC PRE-MIXED GAS BURNER |
JP3531656B2 (en) * | 1995-01-27 | 2004-05-31 | 株式会社ガスター | Burner unit |
CN103017170A (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2013-04-03 | 普鲁卡姆电器(上海)有限公司 | Multi-gas source gas control system with gas-air mixing device |
CN105283710B (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2017-07-11 | 林内株式会社 | Furnace combustor |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE149575C (en) * | 1902-03-24 | |||
DE2737902A1 (en) * | 1977-08-23 | 1979-03-08 | Haller Meurer Werke Ag | Gas fired room heater - uses primary air at atmospheric pressure and secondary air for starting |
DE2752663A1 (en) * | 1977-11-25 | 1979-05-31 | Haller Meurer Werke Ag | Gas burner automatic air-fuel ratio regulating equipment - has thermostatic unit controlling gas valve, linked airflow control flap |
GB2105026B (en) * | 1981-07-24 | 1985-03-27 | Furigas | An atmospheric gas burner |
DE3306892A1 (en) * | 1983-02-26 | 1984-08-30 | Jörg 8775 Partenstein Köster | Gas burner for the heating of industrial furnaces |
-
1992
- 1992-03-07 WO PCT/DE1992/000208 patent/WO1992016796A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1992-03-07 DE DE9203306U patent/DE9203306U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-03-07 DE DE59207795T patent/DE59207795D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-03-07 JP JP4506336A patent/JPH05508469A/en active Pending
- 1992-03-07 EP EP92906615A patent/EP0529042B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-03-07 AT AT92906615T patent/ATE147149T1/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1992016796A1 (en) | 1992-10-01 |
DE9203306U1 (en) | 1992-06-04 |
JPH05508469A (en) | 1993-11-25 |
ATE147149T1 (en) | 1997-01-15 |
DE59207795D1 (en) | 1997-02-13 |
EP0529042A1 (en) | 1993-03-03 |
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